Types Of Dash - Hyphen (-), En-Dash (–), Em-Dash (—)
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00:00Hi friends! Today we will learn about the punctuation symbols N-N-.
00:12There are three types of dashes that have varying lengths. The first one, which is the
00:18smallest one, is called hyphen. And we have learned a lot about hyphen in the last section.
00:28In this section, we learn about other two dashes, N- and M-. Hyphen is the smallest
00:38one. An easy way to remember the difference between these two dashes, N- and M-, is to
00:48visualize the N- as a length of the letter N, and the M- as a length of the letter M.
00:57We have already learned a lot about hyphen in our last section. Today we will learn about
01:04other two dashes, M- and N-. Hyphen. We learned that hyphen glues two or more words that are
01:17supposed to be read together and function together as a single adjective or any type
01:24of modifier. One-third, single-sided, double-faced, two-seater, three-year-old. These words are
01:34glued to each other with the help of hyphen and act as a single word, single adjective,
01:41or single modifier. Now let's learn about N-. N- has lengths more than hyphen and less than
01:54M-. N- specifies any kind of range. Let's have examples. I am super busy March to July. Here
02:09we have used N- to specify your range. Here, March, N-, July means March, April, May, June,
02:20and July. And not just March and July. So N- is used for showing a range. N- is mostly used in
02:33all types of indexes for giving a range. Let's see more examples where we use the N-. I have
02:43read through pages 7 to 78. He exercises 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. Its price is in the range of $10 to $20.
02:57My matches will be held from October 6 to 10. So you can see we have used N- to specify a range.
03:10Now let's see another use of N-. N- is also used to join open compound words or hyphenated words.
03:22Pro-democracy, pro-suffrage activists succeed in the end. Here, pro-suffrage and pre-democracy,
03:34they are glued together with the help of hyphen. And these two hyphenated words are
03:41glued together with the help of N-. The Nobel Prize winning authors will be honored. Here,
03:51we have joined a compound word, Nobel Prize, and the word winning with the help of N-. The
03:59post-World War, two years. Here again, we have joined a word, post, with a compound word,
04:07war, with the help of N-. Folk music influenced lyrics. Here again, we have joined two compound
04:18words with the help of N-. North Korea, South Korea border. Here again, we have joined two
04:28compound words, North Korea and South Korea, with the help of N-. So we learned the hyphen
04:36glue two or more words that's supposed to be together and function together as a single
04:44adjective or any modifier. And it is smallest in size. And second one is the N- that is used
04:56to specify the range. And it is also used to join two hyphenated words, or a word with the
05:04hyphenated word, or a word with the compound word, or two compound words together using N-.
05:13Now let's learn what is M-. M- is length of letter M. It has many uses in English language,
05:25punctuation. Let's try to learn them all. M- is used to show change in the tonality of the
05:35speaker. No spaces are left between the dash and letters on either side of dash. Now let's have a
05:44look on examples. You may think she is trustworthy. She isn't. Here you can see M- specify beginning
05:56of the part of the sentence that has different mood from the rest of the sentence. There may
06:04be a landslide. You never know. Here again, M- shows beginning of the word or phrase or clause
06:13that has a different mood or tone from the rest of the sentence. We do all the work. They have
06:22all the fun. Here again, M- is used to start the phrase or clause that has different mood or
06:30different tone from the rest of the sentence. I wish I could make it. Oh, never mind. We have
06:41M- to mark the beginning of the phrase or clause that has a different mood from the rest of the
06:48sentence. So you can also notice that M- is also used as a semicolon to give a bigger pause than
06:58comma. M- can also be used in place of colon. We learned that we use colon to give reason,
07:09explanation, or conclusion. For example, Sam wanted to know why I didn't attend the meeting.
07:18I hadn't got the invitation on time. Here, colon is used to give reason for the previous clause.
07:26I need not go to the doctor now. I am feeling much better. Here, colon is used to give reason
07:36for the previous clause. You can replace this colon with an M-. But remember, M- is less formal
07:46than the colon. Now let's learn another rule of M-. M- is also worked, same as parenthesis,
07:57by closing the extra information in the sentence whose removal doesn't change the meaning of the
08:03sentence. When used in place of parenthesis in the end of a sentence, only a single M- is used.
08:13Now let's have examples. He is the gem, the most precious gem of our team. You can see we have
08:25enclosed an extra piece of information, the most precious gem, using two M-. And its removal will
08:35not change the meaning of the sentence. He is a gem of our team. So we have enclosed the extra
08:44piece of information within two M-. And the same thing can also be done by using parenthesis. All
08:53three of them, Jim, Bell, and Sam, are excellent players. Here, we have used M- to enclose extra
09:03information. Without it, meaning of the sentence won't change. All three of them are excellent
09:10players. The same thing could have been done by the parenthesis also. Here we have next example.
09:20Ronald came to the ground. He was a coach to instruct the players. Here again, we have used
09:28M- to enclose extra information, which can be removed from the sentence without bringing any
09:36change in the meaning of the sentence. Ronald came to the ground to instruct the players. So,
09:44there is no change in the meaning of the sentence if we remove this information.
09:49After discovering fault in the brakes, all 50 of them, the company immediately recalled the cars.
09:58Here again, we have given extra piece of information, which can be removed from the
10:06sentence without bringing any change in the meaning of the sentence. That is,
10:12all 50 of them is enclosed with two M- and the same thing could have been done using
10:19parenthesis also. Now, let's learn another usage of M-. M- are also used to show that
10:31something is missing. Some unknown or unintentionally omitted alphabet can be
10:38replaced with M-. And in these cases, M- appear in pair on threesome, where it is known as 3M-.
10:49Let's have a look at examples. Mr. R, you have made my life a hell. Here, M- is used to hide
11:01the name of the person intentionally. As the name is not R, but is written R with 3M- to omit the
11:11name intentionally. Here we have another example. UP, now leave me alone, were his last words.
11:23Here again, 3M- is being used to hide the abusive language that is used. Here we have another
11:32example. The dreaded terrorist was executed yesterday. Here again, 3M- is used to hide
11:43the name of the terrorist intentionally. Here we have another example. A former
11:51diplomat of the country gave a statement off the record. Here again, 3M- is used to hide
12:01the name of the politician, diplomat, or any person intentionally. P, everywhere, are all
12:12the same. They make tall claims. Here again, in this sentence, 3M- is used after the letter
12:21P to omit some letters. So we use 3M- to intentionally omit certain names or certain
12:31words. Now let's learn last usage of M-. It can be used as a sort of bullet point. Here we have
12:42examples. My wish list, a beautiful dress, matching sandals, matching earrings, matching purse. So we
12:51have used M- in the place of bullet. Here we have another example. Must has for a successful party,
13:02presence of near and dear ones, good music, good place, good ambience. So we have used M- as a
13:13bullet point. So friends, today we learned about all three types of dashes. Now you may go ahead
13:21and take a quiz to learn more. Bye-bye.