Documentos TV: La invasión de los drones
La rápida proliferación del uso de los drones plantea problemas éticos y jurídicos aún sin abordar, como la seguridad, la privacidad de las personas y la titularidad del espacio aéreo.
Estos vehículos no tripulados van a estar presentes en las respuestas a las situaciones de emergencia, en proyectos medioambientales y hasta en el servicio de paquetería y correo.
Estos vehículos no tripulados van a estar presentes en las respuestas a las situaciones de emergencia, en proyectos medioambientales y hasta en el servicio de paquetería y correo.
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00:00Being able to fly has been one of the unchangeable dreams of the human being.
00:06In Greek mythology, Daedalus made wings with tree branches for Icarus, his son.
00:12And in the 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci designed his famous flying machines.
00:18Technology has allowed man to achieve his dreams.
00:22And nowadays, the possibility of flying is getting closer and closer.
00:28Replacing the body with robots.
00:31There is this idea that the experiences that are gained through technology are not real or so important.
00:37But many of the experiences related to drones prove that it is not so.
00:42We are interconnected beings by nature.
00:46The very progress that technology provides us requires an iron discipline to control that power.
00:53Drones.
00:55Like many other technological innovations, they are the result of another perpetual impulse of the human being.
01:01War.
01:02But inventions do not end there.
01:04Technology has its own rules.
01:07Curiously, we live in a time when military machinery is feared.
01:12But we can go to a toy store and buy a cheap device that is very similar.
01:17And with which we can take pictures and hang out in the neighbor's garden.
01:24I think we're still at the tip of the iceberg.
01:27People are starting to realize how expensive and widespread this revolution is going to be.
01:38Welcome to the Aerospace of the future.
01:53Check.
01:54Very good.
01:55Up there.
01:58Drone.
01:59In fact, drone is a very broad term that covers all kinds of unmanned aerial vehicles.
02:04It describes many things.
02:12And it has been misused.
02:14Because it is incorrectly associated with military use.
02:17Its use for espionage and things like that.
02:23To be honest, in our world it was a misused word.
02:27Nobody talked about drones, but about quadrocopters.
02:31We do not want to scare anyone.
02:33It is a technological toy for big children.
02:44We are in Belgium, in Genk.
02:47Today the best Belgian and Dutch pilots meet here.
02:50And there are also some French.
02:52In this parking lot there will be a race with a very difficult route.
02:58There are several turns to the left, some to the right.
03:01We want to do chicane, double turns, turns.
03:04It is not easy.
03:05It is about demonstrating our ability.
03:14I started in motocross.
03:16I competed in freestyle for ten years.
03:20It consists of jumping over trucks and things like that.
03:23I am an addict to adrenaline.
03:28But my body did not give more than yes.
03:30I'm full of screws and metal bars.
03:33That's why they call me Metal Danny.
03:35That says it all.
03:37The doctors recommended that I leave motocross.
03:40And I had to fill the vacuum of the motorcycles with something else.
03:44Then I discovered the flying drones in the first person.
03:48They hit an amazing climb.
03:51The brain experiences it as if you were really on board.
03:56All ready?
03:57Ready?
03:59Okay.
04:00No, no, wait, wait.
04:01Okay.
04:05Three.
04:06Two.
04:07One.
04:08Go.
04:17Three.
04:18Two.
04:19One.
04:20Go.
04:34You feel like a little bird flying in the middle of the forest or something like that.
04:39It is an extracorporeal experience.
04:48It's like a Playstation in real life.
04:52It seems that you are flying with a pilot and suddenly you realize that it is you.
05:12I think you're second.
05:14Yes, I'm almost second.
05:15It looks like XA has skipped a turn.
05:18Awesome, man.
05:19Did you like it?
05:20A lot.
05:21What a race.
05:22There on the screen.
05:24There are a lot of people who want to come and see the races.
05:28Here they meet the most famous riders in the world.
05:31And they can also talk to them.
05:36We tell them everything we discover.
05:38And new ideas arise.
05:40In terms of mechanics, they are getting faster and faster.
05:44So I have started to investigate ways to improve the software.
05:48It is about keeping both things at the same level.
05:51The development of the programs had stagnated.
05:54And I have perfected them by adding faster algorithms with which the drones fly better.
05:59I have added a predetermined configuration with which anyone can make one fly.
06:04It is not necessary to be from NASA to handle them.
06:14I have a blog on the Internet.
06:17And the last time I entered there were 500,000 comments.
06:20People are crazy about this.
06:23The dream of flying has been in the mind of the human being since the beginning of time.
06:28Now that dream adopts a new form.
06:30Drone races are going to become a new sports discipline.
06:34This is a very modest test compared to those that are organized in the United States.
06:39There they prepare large stadiums to carry out drone races.
06:43They set up entire circuits with obstacles and others.
06:47They promote it as a sport.
06:50Because they see a lot of interest in it.
06:53And it is a good sport.
06:56They promote it as a sport.
06:59Because they see a lot of future in it.
07:08A couple of years ago, in the United States,
07:11it was proposed to create a medal for the merit for the pilots of military drones.
07:15The news raised a lot of controversy,
07:18because that decoration would be above the purple heart
07:21that is granted to the soldiers injured in combat.
07:23People thought it was an offense
07:26to receive pilots who were stuck in a trailer playing a video game,
07:30and that it was a greater distinction than the one that is granted
07:33to those who physically leave the battlefield.
07:36But it is worth explaining that drone pilots
07:39suffer from traumatic stress disorders to the same or even greater degree
07:43than combat pilots.
07:46Psychologically, there does not seem to be a big difference
07:49between being in a trailer at 15,000 km or flying over the area.
07:53Even if you are equally traumatized, it affects the same.
07:57James Bridle is a British artist
08:00who has been fascinated by drones for years.
08:03Long before races were organized in parking lots
08:06and the headlines of the news jumped,
08:09drones flew over the Gaza Strip, Pakistan and Yemen.
08:12Now that they are everywhere,
08:15Bridle has investigated where they were invented
08:18and what were the reasons to develop this type of technology.
08:23If we look back to the origins of the development of drones,
08:27we will see that the pioneers in the creation of unmanned aerial vehicles
08:31were the Israelis.
08:34Israel created them for a specific military use,
08:37for combat in urban areas, in civil areas.
08:40And that is the definition of asymmetric war.
08:43War is no longer based on confrontation between armies.
08:46Now it is based on massacres,
08:49the wear and tear of the enemy and extreme surveillance.
08:51You have to map your territory to the maximum
08:54and control your positions and the airspace completely.
09:09We call them reconnaissance aircraft.
09:12In Gaza they call them Nana,
09:15because of the sound they make.
09:18That's why they call them that.
09:21The United States has launched attacks against Al-Qaeda
09:24and its associated forces,
09:27some of them with unmanned aircraft,
09:30known as drones.
09:33I began to notice
09:36and in all places the same image of a drone appeared.
09:39In the press, in the web pages of the different campaigns
09:42or among activists,
09:45even in the banners of the protests in Pakistan against drones.
09:48I realized that this was the image
09:51that resulted in Google looking for a drone.
09:54So Google made that picture be everywhere.
09:57But it really was not a drone.
10:00Many things failed.
10:03It was too clean, defined and simple.
10:06And not even the labels were correct.
10:09They did not correspond to any real military unit.
10:12Then I looked for the original
10:15and I discovered that the 3D design was the work of an amateur.
10:18He had made the drone in 3D.
10:21And he had put it behind
10:24and then he had added a missile that was fired from underneath it.
10:27And that imaginary image
10:30had become the image par excellence of a drone.
10:33It seemed incredible and very significant
10:36that the best known image of such unknown technology
10:39was a technological creation.
10:46That they are difficult to see,
10:48but it applies to several levels.
10:51They are designed so that they are not seen
10:54because they fly at about 50,000 feet.
10:57So even if you look at the sky, you do not see if they are above.
11:00In addition, they are politically and democratically invisible.
11:10I started to create the shadows of the drones.
11:13They had become an obsession for me.
11:15They seemed strange and distant to me
11:18and I wanted to get an idea of what it was like to be next to one.
11:21And for that, the first thing to do
11:24was to calculate how big they were.
11:27So we downloaded some plans from the Internet
11:30to see what size they were
11:33and we went to the parking lot of my studio in London
11:36to draw the silhouette on the ground.
11:39By outlining the profile,
11:42we emphasize not only its dimensions,
11:45but also its size.
11:48The first time I drew one, it was to get the idea.
11:51To see how they were, and I understood many things.
11:54Then they started to ask me to do them elsewhere.
11:57Since then, I have made shadows in the United Kingdom,
12:00in other places in Europe.
12:03I made one in Washington DC, next to the White House.
12:06And I thought, it is clear that this has to be extended.
12:09So I decided to put the piece at the disposal of the public.
12:12I created a brochure that could be downloaded on the Internet
12:15and they can draw one themselves.
12:18It is huge.
12:21I thought that military drones would have a wingspan of a couple of meters.
12:25That would be like a person.
12:28Or they would have 2.20 meters, like a lot.
12:31The first thing everyone says when they see it
12:34is the same as I thought.
12:37They had no idea they were so big.
12:40Which is a very simple reaction, but brilliant.
12:42The question is, why didn't I know they were so big?
12:45How did this thing they talk about in the press, in the news,
12:48how could I have no idea of how it was physically?
12:51Of its dimensions?
12:54And from there, what other things I don't know about them?
13:02It's not just making the drone visible.
13:05It's making the whole military structure of command and control of the current war.
13:08And it's making all the political tools that allow that to happen.
13:13Whoever kind of owns this technology has an enormous power.
13:17And everyone is taking advantage of this technology.
13:20It's not at everyone's reach.
13:23It's not democratized so that everyone can use it.
13:26These flying devices are in everyone's mouths.
13:29And it's no wonder, because their impact goes far beyond the technological ingenuity itself.
13:34Drones are forcing us to redefine in many ways
13:36who we are as human beings,
13:39and what kind of society we live in.
13:42Peter Paul Fairbeck is a philosopher and an expert in ethics,
13:45and he works at the University of Twente in the Netherlands.
13:48His latest studies focus on how drones are entering our lives.
13:54If we go deeper into the study of technologies,
13:57we see that these human beings here are the people who are,
14:00because of the technology they use.
14:03Now there is a real madness around drones.
14:06People are worried about both the leaders and the citizens on foot.
14:10How are they going to affect the safety and privacy of people?
14:14We are used to doing things at a distance,
14:17but we don't realize how used we are.
14:20We call ourselves at a distance and we kill people at a distance,
14:23many kilometers away.
14:26But we have to familiarize ourselves with this new technology.
14:29That's the main problem.
14:30We call them drones to everyone, but there are many types.
14:34Some are used to spy, others to flee birds,
14:37to kill people, to observe.
14:40But the fact that we only have one word for everyone
14:43means that we have to get used to them.
14:46We have to get used to the fact that they will be present
14:49in many aspects of our lives.
14:52In 2013, a Chinese company, DJI,
14:55was the first to use military drone technology
14:57to create an accessible and affordable version.
15:03With it, drones and the incredible aerial perspective they offer
15:07are available to everyone.
15:10This is how a real invasion of these robots began,
15:13which has given rise to a new multimillion-dollar industry.
15:17In Dubai, they are managing to counteract
15:20the negative connotations that drones have for people.
15:23The second edition of a festival
15:25called Drones para el Bien
15:28is being held in Dubai,
15:31where all kinds of innovations associated with these devices
15:34focused on humanitarian aid are exhibited.
15:37This is how Dubai hopes to pave the way
15:40so that all the potential of this new industry can be exploited.
15:44Ladies and gentlemen,
15:46welcome to the award ceremony
15:49Drones para el Bien,
15:51granted by the United Arab Emirates.
15:55We are in the beautiful city of Dubai.
15:58It is a splendid day for the delivery
16:01of the national and international Drones para el Bien awards.
16:04It is the second edition of these annual awards.
16:11In many respects, we consider it an international festival,
16:14a world celebration of the technologies
16:17that are used with good intentions.
16:20The competitors come from many countries.
16:22On the main stage,
16:25there are all the flags of the countries represented,
16:28and it gives that feeling of being an international sports competition.
16:31It is like the World Cup of Drones para el Bien.
16:37Drones have been acquiring a negative reputation
16:40in the last five years,
16:43and we thought it was our moral responsibility
16:46to show the good side of this technology.
16:49We ask students, institutions and companies
16:52to work with us to develop applications
16:55and put the drones at the service of civil society.
16:58We came up with amazing ideas with applications in different sectors.
17:01Humanitarian aid, care for the environment,
17:04education, health or logistics.
17:07The possibilities are endless.
17:10It is a matter of investing in research and establishing regulations.
17:13Drones can become the basis
17:16of a multi-million dollar economic activity.
17:19Thank you very much.
17:21Judges, participants and the public in general.
17:24Welcome to this edition of Drones para el Bien
17:27in the United Arab Emirates.
17:30We celebrate innovation,
17:33the World Cup of Drones for civil use.
17:36It is an honor to have the presence of His Highness
17:39Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum,
17:42Prime Minister and Vice President of the United Arab Emirates
17:45and Dubai's President.
17:47We have three international teams and three national teams.
17:50They will have 10 minutes to explain their work
17:53and make a flight demonstration of their drones.
17:56The international winners will receive
17:591 million US dollars
18:02and the national winners 1 million dirhams.
18:07Let's start with Forefront Robotics.
18:10They have 10 minutes to impress the judges.
18:13Your 10 minutes start now. Good luck.
18:15Thank you very much.
18:18Good afternoon. We are Forefront Robotics from Canada,
18:21a team of engineers dedicated to the development
18:24of robots for small spaces.
18:27Let's see how they work.
18:30As you can see, it is suspended in the air with the nose up.
18:33It is held perfectly, very still.
18:36If we try to move it, we see that it remains stable.
18:39It does not move from where it is.
18:42This other one advances keeping the nose at an angle
18:45so that it does not move.
18:48With their help, we can develop these models
18:51for firefighters, police and emergency care
18:54to save lives in a catastrophe.
18:57Thank you for your attention.
19:00Aerial robots, flying robots or drones
19:03have infinite applications.
19:06It depends entirely on the use you want to give them.
19:09This is nothing more than the tip of the iceberg.
19:12People are beginning to realize how expensive
19:15the things that are present in our lives are,
19:18very trivial things, such as the delivery of the mail
19:21or the delivery of packages of what you have bought
19:24on Amazon and others, but also in response
19:27to emergency situations or environmental projects.
19:30And these days, here, we have seen many examples
19:33of all that.
19:36Now it goes to the water pumping mode.
19:39The center of gravity is located again in the center.
19:42The Mooncopter is the world's first
19:45multi-function vehicle.
19:48It can both fly and operate on the surface of the water
19:51and dive.
19:54We are the ROMEO team.
19:57We have developed a system to distribute
20:00male sterile mosquitoes and control their population
20:03in order to reduce the risk of infection
20:06of diseases such as malaria, dengue or zika,
20:08In this device, there are 16 containers
20:11with a thousand male sterile mosquitoes
20:14that are released easily and uniformly
20:17thanks to this mechanism.
20:20Let's say, for example, you are hiking
20:23and you fall and break a leg.
20:26You want to send a message to the authorities
20:29or call someone and see that there is no coverage.
20:32So you will put it on the drone and it will go
20:35to the last point where it has coverage to send the message.
20:38Many of the ideas that are being shown here,
20:41some for the first time, make us have an open mind
20:44to new possibilities and not to stay
20:47in what we saw last year.
20:50It is very important.
20:53The effect of the visual demonstrations is impressive.
20:56It is an extremely prestigious international prize
20:59and it is changing the dynamic completely.
21:02His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum,
21:05Prime Minister and Vice President of the United Arab Emirates
21:08and the winner of the $ 1 million prize
21:11of drones for good is ...
21:14the team of the Loon Copter.
21:17Congratulations!
21:24We assume that new technologies
21:27will always be applied to the use for which they were created.
21:30That if a technology develops with good intentions,
21:33it will only be used for that.
21:35Nothing further from reality.
21:38All technologies are like a hammer,
21:41a general tool that can be used to nail a nail
21:44or to hit someone.
21:47It is the man who decides what to do with it.
21:50In real life, technology is a kind of bond
21:53between us and the world.
21:56It allows us to do things and do them in a certain way.
21:59That gives technology a kind of ethical power
22:02that we had not foreseen.
22:05In the case of ultrasonics, ethical dilemmas have arisen
22:08about children with congenital anomalies.
22:11In no case could they have imagined it
22:14when they developed the technology of ultrasonics
22:17to detect submarine mines.
22:20We return to the military technology to which another use is given.
22:23Nobody thought that ultrasonics
22:26were going to influence our ethical decisions,
22:29but it has been so.
22:32So technology produces unexpected advances.
22:35What I find most fascinating about all this
22:38is that it changes the dynamic a little bit.
22:41Let's say it challenges the relationship
22:44between society and the state.
22:47Because all of a sudden the sky used to be
22:50the sole purveyor of that monolithic state
22:53that controlled the airspace and kept it safe.
22:56And all of a sudden these new technologies
22:59are liberating technologies,
23:02technologies that democratize the sky.
23:05Anyone, even a 10-year-old child,
23:08can make something go up to the sky,
23:11whether the state wants it or not,
23:14and it is difficult to prevent it or remedy it.
23:17So it is interesting from a theoretical point of view
23:20or from political science, let's say,
23:23to observe that dynamic and the way
23:26the state is reacting to this sudden democratization
23:29of the space, of the sky.
23:36In 2016, the sky has ceased to be
23:39the exclusive territory of birds.
23:42Drones have given everyone access
23:45to the space that is above our heads.
23:48But at what price for those birds?
23:51Or for our peace and tranquility?
23:54And even for our privacy?
23:57A lot of people wonder if we really want
24:00to have all those machines around us.
24:02Is it so important to receive the Amazon package
24:05a little earlier?
24:08And I go even further.
24:11Do we want wars to be fought like this from now on?
24:14Although the question of whether we want it or not
24:17is not what we should do
24:20about new technologies.
24:23The only conclusion we can draw
24:26about the link between man and technology
24:29is that they are inseparable.
24:32They are part of our life.
24:35The stories of our origins
24:38always speak of technology.
24:41That means that we have to think
24:44about the ethical aspects of the use of technology,
24:47not whether we want it or not.
24:56This is an important feeding area
24:59for many migratory birds.
25:02They stay here for a long time
25:05while it is not too cold.
25:08They are shallow lagoons with a lot of nutrients.
25:11And the tide makes them particularly attractive
25:14for the Zancuda birds.
25:17If we pay attention,
25:20you can hear the hum of the highways
25:23in the southern part of Randstad,
25:26which is a few kilometers from here.
25:29There are boats, windmills ...
25:32There is the huge national park.
25:35And it is here, in this park,
25:38where the birds come to rest.
25:52We are very strict with the few areas
25:55we allow access to.
25:58There are marked trails.
26:00If someone uses a drone to fly over the park,
26:03it will bother the aquatic and Zancuda birds
26:06that take refuge here.
26:09And we can't allow that.
26:14We are crossing the central part of the park.
26:20In recent years,
26:23we have seen drones in the airspace
26:26of the national park several times.
26:28They flew close to the flock of birds
26:31to take pictures
26:34and disturbed the tranquility of the animals.
26:37That is why we have added rules
26:40related to drones in our regulations.
26:43There are many citizens who want to emulate
26:46professional naturalists
26:49and get the same type of photographs.
26:52They walk around the park with robots
26:55without realizing that catching the birds
26:58has been precisely their drone
27:01that has caused them to fly.
27:04So what they have recorded
27:07has been a bunch of stressed animals,
27:10not a documentary of nature.
27:16On the Internet and on social networks,
27:19people publish videos,
27:22some wonderful, filmed with drones.
27:25That means that the damage is already done.
27:28There are more and more,
27:31especially among individuals.
27:34And those people are not usually
27:37familiar with the regulations.
27:40They should be, but it seems like a nightmare
27:43to find out how it is regulated.
27:46So in 2015 we decided to actively communicate
27:49the rules that govern the Bisbos Park.
27:52This is an area of wetlands
27:55that receives many visitors.
27:58And that's why we have to establish
28:01some rules to maintain the balance
28:04between nature and the recreational use of the area.
28:23When I started with this hobby,
28:25I didn't know what could and couldn't be done.
28:28There were only rules for remote-controlled toys
28:31that could be used for all kinds of interpretations.
28:34They were very brief,
28:37and they didn't mention drones or from afar.
28:40I couldn't find much,
28:43so I thought there was no problem.
28:46The policemen I met liked a lot what they were doing.
28:49Everything seemed very innocent to me
28:52until I saw what people uploaded to the Internet.
28:55And that was the bad side.
28:58That people could abuse it.
29:05I remember that a few years ago
29:08someone started flying a drone at an airport
29:11to record the planes taking off and landing.
29:14As is normal, that made it necessary
29:17to create a whole regulation about it.
29:20In all countries,
29:23authorities are checking
29:26that they must take measures
29:29because of the risk these devices pose for security.
29:35Airport security shows
29:38how complex the rules that regulate its use can be.
29:41We don't want drones near airports.
29:45But there are exceptions.
29:48Like this one,
29:51a drone designed to scare away birds.
29:54Transmitter on.
30:05Ready?
30:08Yes.
30:11Very good. Here we go.
30:18Our problem is that we want to use our robots at airports,
30:21but there are no rules about it.
30:24It's illegal.
30:27Drones and planes are a bad combination
30:30which is better avoided.
30:33But our purpose is to increase security
30:36because this drone scares away birds
30:39and we have designed a series of procedures to do it safely.
30:42However, the authorities don't see it.
30:44There are some interested parties who have something to say about it.
30:47For the moment, it's absolutely illegal.
30:50Everything clear?
30:53Nothing to see.
30:56Throughout our career designing this device
30:59designed for professional use,
31:02we have faced all kinds of regulations.
31:05We constantly have to investigate the current regulations
31:08because they differ from one country to another.
31:11Every time you need a permit or a new certificate.
31:14You have to know all the rules in depth.
31:21The problem is that all users have the same consideration,
31:24whether they are hobbyists or professionals.
31:27The rule is that drones are prohibited at airports
31:30and their vicinity.
31:33But if you analyze case by case and think about what we do
31:36and how we do it, what the risks are
31:39and how we deal with them, you will see that it is totally safe.
31:42It is difficult to differentiate, of course.
31:45You have to think a lot about how drones are handled.
31:48The rules that must be established for each of them
31:51and also for each type of user.
31:57The authorities are totally lost.
32:00Drones offer many opportunities for economic activity
32:03while a new domain is opened
32:06in which companies and individuals can operate.
32:08And terrorists.
32:13There has been a frenetic reaction to the appearance of drones.
32:16The authorities are especially afraid of them.
32:19Drones near nuclear sites?
32:22What do we do? Do we train birds to hunt them?
32:25Do we have to develop anti-drone technology?
32:28They want to control something uncontrollable.
32:31And that's a problem.
32:34There are already police officers who are obtaining licenses to pilot drones.
32:37And soon the police will have their own devices.
32:40But the Ministry of Security and Justice of the Netherlands
32:43does not reveal any information about it.
32:46Politics plays a fundamental role.
32:49If you deploy a surveillance device of the citizens
32:52you will have to determine what type of meeting is considered acceptable
32:55and when they become disturbances.
32:58At times when there is political agitation
33:01certain limits must be established.
33:03It will be necessary to define what a peaceful demonstration is
33:06and when to intervene.
33:09And for that you have to delimit the border
33:12between the dictatorial and the democratic
33:15and transfer it to the programming of drones.
33:18We are at the WBUR.
33:21This is Tom Ashbrook.
33:24The US Civil Aviation Authority
33:27estimates that one million people
33:29have received drones as a Christmas gift.
33:32You may have seen some buzzing around your neighborhood.
33:35Today we talk about the drone highways in the sky.
33:38The army, the security forces,
33:41the terrorists, the specialists in humanitarian aid
33:44and the fans have already begun
33:47to look for their place in heaven.
33:50Now it's the turn of the companies.
33:53Some time ago Amazon and Google
33:56launched an initiative to make their deliveries
33:59with drones.
34:02The most critical thought it was impossible
34:05and said it was nothing more than an advertising trick
34:08but the agency that took the man to the moon
34:11loves challenges.
34:14Obviously my dream is that there are drones
34:17in all houses and that they can be operated
34:20reliably and safely.
34:26I don't know if anyone would have imagined
34:29ten years ago that the sky was going to be filled
34:32with planes.
34:35So now it's very hard to visualize
34:38what the future airspace may look like.
34:41I would like the drones
34:44to be able to have a personal use.
34:47That you could check the roof
34:50or if you have left the bomb to blow the football
34:53in the field or if a friend has one
34:56you can send the robot to pick it up.
34:59But in 1977 the same thing happened.
35:02People said, why would we want to have
35:05a computer in every house?
35:08So it's possible that this technology will be reliable,
35:11safe and omnipresent.
35:14In the NASA research facilities in Silicon Valley
35:17the Autopista en el Cielo project is being developed.
35:20They predict that in the future the airspace
35:23will be filled with an immense amount of drones
35:26and they are establishing the operational requirements
35:29with Amazon and Google.
35:32This is San Francisco.
35:35And this is a bay bridge.
35:38The vehicle is right now flying over the bridge
35:41and the vicinity.
35:44The blue line shows the trajectory of the drone
35:47and the limited area is the part of the airspace
35:50that is blocked so that other drones
35:53or other vehicles cannot enter.
35:56These images could be used to inspect the bridge
35:59and the agricultural use
36:02to monitor the crops.
36:05I'm activating it right now.
36:08It has a cloud-based architecture
36:11in which we can change the flight path
36:14and notify the other operators of our position.
36:17The operators are responsible for not interfering
36:20in the movements of the other vehicles.
36:24A lot of people think that we are talking about
36:26highways in the sky,
36:29but in reality the best way to describe it
36:32is to talk about flexibility whenever possible
36:35and structure only when necessary.
36:39The operational requirements that we identify
36:42could be directly applicable to other countries,
36:45including the Europeans, of course.
36:48The airspace is so far
36:51a public space in its majority
36:53and is thought of in its commercial use.
36:56Companies are looking for ways
36:59to use it efficiently with drones.
37:02All this, of course, without interfering
37:05in air traffic and so on.
37:08It is a drastic change.
37:12Obviously, there are many interested
37:15in starting operations on a large scale,
37:18like Amazon and Google, but they are not the only ones.
37:20There are a lot of others,
37:23so we are working on all of them.
37:26What really excites me about this adventure
37:29of lighting a business of billions of dollars
37:32is that, if you think about it,
37:35the number of unmanned aerial vehicles
37:38registered in the United States
37:41is already higher than that of the aircraft
37:44that are registered in the United States,
37:47so we are in a new era.
37:50No one would dare to privatize
37:53the airspace, even if they wanted to.
37:56However, if the airspace is not regulated,
37:59we will have a second Internet,
38:02a public space dominated by ten large business groups
38:05that requires enormous efforts
38:08to keep it public.
38:20I'm going to make it go up and put it in planning mode.
38:45In the future, they will be confused with the landscape,
38:47because they will be small
38:50or seem to be part of the environment.
38:53We are already giving them the shape of insects or birds.
38:56Maybe they fly too high to see them,
38:59so they will be invisible,
39:02but they will be part of our daily life.
39:05They will integrate into our environment.
39:08We have to be aware of this,
39:11because that means that we will not realize
39:14that we have a drone flying over us.
39:18At the moment,
39:21the law requires us that biomechanical drones
39:24are piloted by one person.
39:27It has to be controlled by one person.
39:30Obviously, the device has an incorporated computer
39:33that does most of the work,
39:36but our goal is to get it to operate
39:39in a totally autonomous way.
39:42We want to get the human being out of the equation
39:44and we want to get robots that are not intelligent,
39:47that are completely handled manually,
39:50and that is very limited.
39:53The real revolution,
39:56which would be the fourth industrial revolution,
39:59is that these flying robots,
40:02land or swimming robots,
40:05are increasingly more intelligent
40:08and operate alone,
40:11without the need for 20 or 30 people
40:14to operate them.
40:22You see, particularly in the military,
40:25strange things.
40:28I have seen images of drones received at the United States base
40:31with a kind of welcome parade
40:34and fire trucks spraying them with water as they go.
40:37It is one of the first technologies
40:40that makes us get used to a world
40:42where drones have their own agencies or organizations
40:45and start to do things that were not planned.
40:48They are taking control.
40:51Drones are becoming more and more autonomous
40:54and there is not much left for them to choose their own objectives
40:57and they will decide who to kill.
41:00It is very important that we consider these issues as soon as possible.
41:03Retroceda, the weather service traffic has an alpha priority.
41:06Negative.
41:09We are at a point where it is urgent to think about drones
41:12more than versatile aircraft.
41:15Artificial intelligence is developing to such an extent
41:18that we will soon have autonomous devices in the sky.
41:21And those devices
41:24will be able to do all kinds of things
41:27that we should be responsible for.
41:30In war, they will decide whether to kill someone or not.
41:34In an autonomous car,
41:37they will also make decisions such as causing an accident
41:39or crashing against a bridge
41:42to avoid running over an old woman.
41:45Technology is going to face the dilemmas
41:48that the human being faces.
41:51These are problems that are now becoming visible
41:54when we have to program them on our own devices.
41:57We have to consider the ethical and legal implications.
42:00These are decisions that we cannot leave in the hands
42:03of engineers and drone manufacturers
42:06or Amazon, a company that wants to take you shopping
42:09with a drone.
42:12Society must be responsible for the use of airspace
42:15because it is public.
42:18Who is designing our future?
42:21Who is deciding what the societies we live in are going to be?
42:24Because if we just take the technologies that we can
42:27without considering the policies and the forms of power
42:30that they contain, if we use them without being critical
42:33and without questioning them,
42:36the only thing we will do is follow the path that they suggest to us.
42:39What does this device tell me about the way the world works?
42:42What does it show me about the possible networks of communication?
42:45What does it tell me about the companies that have the power
42:48to develop something like this?
42:51And if that is not the future that I want,
42:54how could that knowledge be used?
42:57Not the object itself, but the networks themselves.
43:00Can we see how they have shaped the world
43:03and will continue to shape it in turn?
43:09There is a very appropriate Greek myth
43:12to describe the relationship
43:15between man and technology.
43:18It is said that man and technology
43:21are the opposite of each other.
43:24In fact, man and technology
43:27are the opposite of each other.
43:30In fact, man and technology
43:33are the opposite of each other.
43:36Daedalus made wings
43:39so that his son, Icarus,
43:42could fly.
43:45He made them with wax and feathers,
43:48but he had to know how to use them.
43:51He warned his son not to fly too high
43:54because if he approached the sun,
43:57the wax of his wings would melt.
44:00But not too low either,
44:02he had to get the right balance.
44:05But you can't stop either.
44:08Innovation advances.
44:11Without a doubt, you crash.
44:14You have to move forward,
44:17keep flying to answer the question
44:20how to build the path
44:23to manage the technology that is emerging.
44:26You have to take responsibility for technology
44:29instead of distancing yourself from it.
44:32NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology