برنامج الدحيح : الطريق الي العدوى
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00:00I'm Dr. Rifaat Ismail, and I'm here to reveal the strangest case I've seen to this day.
00:23At the beginning of the operation, a cut of hair fell on the patient's eye.
00:31Without a scratch, without a bruise, without a scar.
00:36And what's even stranger is that the patient is already suffering from hereditary cancer.
00:41At that time, I realized that I was dealing with a new type of cancer.
00:49We call it Hamouda's cancer.
00:53And I presented it as the following.
00:56The first presentation is the loss of memory.
01:00I... I don't know myself.
01:03The second presentation.
01:04Don't be disturbed.
01:07I always want a calm atmosphere and a sense of the world.
01:12Hey guys!
01:14Ity-Bity.
01:16He occasionally stands in front of the mirror.
01:19Tell me! Tell me, what's going on?
01:23Intellectual desire to steal organs.
01:28What do I do?
01:30What do I do, honestly?
01:32I'm sick, I'm sick, I'm sick.
01:35The symptoms may not be tolerated by the patient.
01:38And here, there is even medical intervention.
01:41Guys, where is the patient going?
01:43Someone bring him a blazer and a shirt quickly.
01:47Someone put cream on him.
01:49Hello, hello, hello.
01:51Come on, come on, I can't wait.
01:55Hurry up.
01:56I can't forget the last thing he said to me.
01:59Where is he going?
02:03Ho, ho, ho.
02:06It's sad that my limited medical experience
02:09didn't save this man from the addiction of Abbas Hamouda.
02:16But my only regret is that I'm addicted to him.
02:32The end.
02:48Dear viewers, welcome to a new episode of the show, The Guilty One.
02:51In January 2021, the Pasteur Institute announced
02:54the suspension of the production of the Corona vaccine for the immune system.
02:57Because the test results were disappointing.
03:00However, dear viewers, you may find a logical news.
03:03At a time when the world is still familiar with the epidemic,
03:06the French politicians will describe it as national humiliation.
03:11The Guardian, dear viewers, will say that this news
03:13is a blow to the appreciation of the French for their excellence.
03:16I'm not Abou Hamade.
03:17Why all this?
03:18This is a medical issue.
03:19I will not involve it in a war.
03:20Dear viewers, the problem is that this failure
03:22came from an institute named Louis Pasteur,
03:24which for the French was not just a scientist,
03:26but a genius man with his scientific experience
03:28who succeeded in taking a political lead
03:30and made France the greatest country in its time.
03:32It hosted its guests and offered vaccines for fatal diseases
03:35at a time when the governments of the world were still hiding.
03:38However, France and the Pasteur Institute in particular
03:40fail in the era of the Corona vaccine.
03:42This, dear viewers, is considered a national humiliation,
03:44not just a scientific experiment that failed.
03:46The French parliamentarian, Bastien Lecun,
03:48will summarize the feeling of the French when he says,
03:50No vaccine in a country of Pasteur?
03:53What a symbol!
03:54France, the country of Pasteur,
03:56doesn't know how to get a vaccine.
03:58Don't take this, Bou Hamade.
03:59This is not Pasteur.
04:00It came from Pasteur.
04:01This man was from the Pasteur Institute.
04:02What got his family involved in vaccines?
04:04Or was he also vaccinated?
04:05There is a reason, Bou Hamade.
04:06We are not used to it.
04:07Take me from my hand to the year of the year you love,
04:09and bring me back to the origin of the story.
04:10But let's not start with the first year,
04:11and the Stone Age and the Stone Age.
04:12Dear, take me with you to the Middle Ages.
04:14The Middle Ages you love.
04:15Bou Hamade, if you don't mind,
04:16don't get lost in history.
04:17Start from a time when there was a network.
04:19Dear, let me take you from your hand
04:21and go to the middle of the 19th century.
04:23Dear, let me take you like this.
04:24At that time, European businessmen
04:25would be busy with a question.
04:26What is the origin of life?
04:27A famous theorist would answer this question.
04:29It would be called the spontaneous generation.
04:31Look, the living creatures
04:32would be born automatically
04:33from inanimate solids.
04:34That's why if you leave a piece of meat
04:35that is not alive,
04:36you will find it full of dead bodies.
04:38The scientists would say,
04:39but I'm telling you,
04:40the dead body came from the dead meat.
04:42The scientists would say,
04:43but I'm telling you,
04:44this is not the words of sane people.
04:45And here, the Paris Academy of Sciences
04:46would present a prize
04:47for the one who decides this dispute.
04:48Here, a scientist would appear
04:49and say that we keep talking
04:50and we won't reach anything.
04:51Let's go to the factory and try.
04:53Here, the role of the scientist
04:54Louis Pasteur would appear.
04:55Pasteur would bring
04:56two swan neck flasks.
04:58Two of the factory's laws.
04:59The shape that you see in front of you.
05:01He would put a bill inside these two.
05:03Pasteur would sterilize the two
05:04and boil them.
05:05So, dear, we have two flasks.
05:06One is sterilized
05:07and the other one
05:08will be opened by the air.
05:09Pasteur would say to them,
05:10people who say
05:11about the spontaneous generation,
05:12if your theory is correct,
05:13here, the sterilization
05:14would appear in the two.
05:15The closed one
05:16and the one exposed to the air.
05:17Because the bill,
05:18which is not alive,
05:19is supposed to make us sick.
05:20What is surprising, dear,
05:21or what is not surprising
05:22for us right now,
05:23I know,
05:24is that the sterilization
05:25and the sickness
05:26didn't appear
05:27except in the bill
05:28or the flask
05:29which is exposed to the air.
05:30So, the meat alone
05:31won't make us sick.
05:32The meat with a little air
05:33with leaves
05:34from the leaves
05:35existing
05:36or the leaves
05:37were born,
05:38will make us sick.
05:39But if we brought this meat
05:40and closed it,
05:41it won't make us sick.
05:42And indeed,
05:43the second closed flask
05:44without the bill inside it
05:45is healthy.
05:46But Pasteur proved that
05:47it has nothing to do
05:48with spontaneous birth.
05:49This, dear,
05:50will give us a well-known theory
05:51of the germ theory.
05:52The theory of germs.
05:53It may seem to you
05:54like the experiment
05:55of scientists and nerds
05:56busy with philosophical questions
05:57and sitting in a factory
05:58trying it.
05:59But let me tell you
06:00that this experiment
06:01will save the French
06:02empire from bankruptcy.
06:03And let me take you
06:04by the hand
06:05and go back a little.
06:06In 1863,
06:07the production of wine,
06:08which is wine,
06:09the most important production
06:10in France
06:11and the basis of its export
06:12to Europe,
06:13was exposed to wine disease.
06:14Diseases that suppress
06:15the taste of wine.
06:16Then, the emperor
06:17Napoleon III
06:18said,
06:19Pasteur,
06:20wine is poisoned.
06:21Pasteur, my dear,
06:22will work for two years
06:23until he comes
06:24with his microscope
06:25and shows it
06:26to the emperor
06:27and the empress
06:28to show them
06:29two existing creatures.
06:30Creatures that interfere
06:31in the fermentation process
06:32and pollinate wine.
06:33And I will give them the solution.
06:34We need to boil
06:35wine to 55 degrees.
06:36Pasteurization.
06:37Pasteurization.
06:38Of course,
06:39you know where
06:40it came from now.
06:41It is the process
06:42that we apply to milk
06:43and many other liquids
06:44to be able to get rid
06:45of the germs in it.
06:46Pasteur here
06:47is a famous doctor
06:48in France,
06:49Europe,
06:50and Asia.
06:51When the liver
06:52becomes infected
06:53with deadly diseases,
06:54Pasteur will hold
06:55this liver
06:56and find out
06:57that it is infected
06:58with leukemia.
06:59Leukemia is a hereditary
07:00disease.
07:01Pasteur will know
07:02that it appears
07:03in the image
07:04of sparkling particles.
07:05Here, my dear,
07:06Pasteur will separate
07:07the livers
07:08and after each person
07:09puts his finger
07:10in it,
07:11he will examine it.
07:12If he finds
07:13sparkling particles
07:14in it,
07:15he will take it
07:16to the lab.
07:17At that time,
07:18it was a source
07:19of surprise
07:20for scientists.
07:21Why me, Abou Ahmed?
07:22Because I am a man
07:23who has seen his work.
07:24I expect, my dear,
07:25that when I tell you
07:26germs,
07:27cells,
07:28a microscope,
07:29an egg,
07:30a science,
07:31and expensive
07:32heritage
07:33at 55 degrees
07:34exactement,
07:35you will think
07:36that Pasteur
07:37is a biologist
07:38or a doctor.
07:39But in reality,
07:40Pasteur was a chemist.
07:41He worked
07:42in a field
07:43that had nothing
07:44to do with him.
07:45Until now,
07:46Pasteur always said,
07:47No such thing
07:48as pure science.
07:49Only science
07:50and the application
07:51of science.
07:52There is no such thing
07:53as pure science.
07:54There is science
07:55and the application
07:56of science.
07:57And this, my dear,
07:58is shown in
07:59Pasteur's character.
08:00A person
08:01who sees the problem
08:02and immediately goes
08:03to the application
08:04and the experiment
08:05to solve it.
08:06In reality, my dear,
08:07Pasteur will take
08:08the Legion of Honor
08:09and prove that he
08:10fixed the mood
08:11of the emperor
08:12and solved the problem
08:13of the wine
08:14of the French-Russian war.
08:15What year?
08:16The year 1078.
08:17A war, my dear,
08:18that will end
08:19with the fall of France
08:20and the surrender
08:21of its emperor
08:22Napoleon III,
08:23who was
08:24Pasteur's sponsor.
08:25And so,
08:26Pasteur loses his job
08:27and the dignity of his country
08:28and starts again
08:29from scratch.
08:30In this moment, my dear,
08:31Pasteur will focus
08:32his life on one enemy,
08:33not on germs
08:34or microbes,
08:35but on the wine
08:36that is still his country.
08:37In the year 1071,
08:38Pasteur will return
08:39a proud degree
08:40to the Halle
08:41and the German League.
08:42He won't forget it.
08:43He will hold a drum
08:44and drum
08:45a speech
08:46in German.
08:47And, my dear,
08:48his idea will be
08:49a great idea
08:50to take revenge
08:51on the Germans.
08:52Oh, Abu Hamed,
08:53will he use
08:54a Gershom weapon?
08:55Will he kill
08:56all the delicate creatures
08:57that he saw
08:58under his microscope
08:59and make a big army
09:00of small creatures
09:01and conquer Germany?
09:02No, my dear,
09:03he will make
09:04a glass of beer.
09:05What?
09:06Abu Hamed,
09:07is he taking revenge
09:08on the Germans
09:09or serving his country?
09:10My dear,
09:11let me explain
09:13Germany
09:14relies on it
09:15for export.
09:16So, after Germany
09:17occupied Alsace
09:18and Jorin,
09:19a brewery in France,
09:20they conquered the industry
09:21and there was no competition
09:22between them.
09:23What did I tell you,
09:24my dear,
09:25that the Germans
09:26were suffering
09:27in brewing beer?
09:28They stored it
09:29in a barrel
09:30all winter
09:31at a low temperature
09:32so that it doesn't rot.
09:33But, my dear,
09:34Pasteur knew
09:35that they had a problem
09:36with the Gershom.
09:37So, what they did
09:38was to invent a beer
09:39that he applied
09:40his method
09:41that is known
09:42in the Egyptian breweries
09:43as taking revenge.
09:44Pasteur, my dear,
09:45will present his research
09:46in his book
09:47Studies on Beer.
09:48My dear,
09:49his beer
09:50will spread
09:51throughout Europe.
09:52Pasteur will watch
09:53what is happening
09:54and enjoy his revenge
09:55because beer
09:56will develop
09:57in all of Europe
09:58except Germany.
09:59Why?
10:00Because he refused
10:01to translate his book
10:02to German
10:03and whoever wants
10:04to make beer
10:05should come
10:06to the French
10:07Cultural Center.
10:08Did Pasteur do that,
10:09Abu Hamed?
10:10He will become
10:11a rock star
10:12in a country
10:13that is humiliated
10:14and needs a symbol.
10:15We won the war
10:16and we were humiliated
10:17and we were humiliated
10:18and we occupied our lands
10:19but the Germans
10:20didn't know
10:21how to make beer
10:22like us.
10:23They wrote the book
10:24and all of Europe
10:25knew it
10:26but they didn't
10:27because they didn't
10:28know how to translate it.
10:29The victories of St. James.
10:30Let me tell you
10:31that this was
10:32just the beginning.
10:33Pasteur was
10:34looking at the beer
10:35in which the Gershom
10:36was swimming
10:37for a minute
10:38and the Gershom
10:39was swimming in blood
10:40like the Gershom
10:41that swims in beer.
10:42And here,
10:43Pasteur will make
10:44the greatest shift
10:45in his history
10:46from the chemistry
10:47of fermentation
10:48to the science
10:49of bacteriology.
10:50Pasteur will be
10:51one of his greatest
10:52ambassadors.
10:53Thank God,
10:54Abu Hamed,
10:55you reassured me.
10:56I told him
10:57to start with wine
10:58and walk around
10:59in beer
11:00and then
11:01where will he go?
11:02Finally,
11:03he will focus
11:04on something useful
11:05and leave Germany
11:06and this atmosphere.
11:07He couldn't move
11:08his hand to the left
11:09which means
11:10he was paralyzed
11:11and he was in pain.
11:12Nevertheless,
11:13he thought
11:14that the idea
11:15would change
11:16the shape of medicine.
11:17Pasteur didn't know
11:18that someone
11:19would appear
11:20in front of him
11:21to change the equation.
11:22About 1000 km
11:23away in the city
11:24of Wolstein,
11:25the German young man
11:26Robert Koch
11:27appeared
11:28who was
11:29younger than
11:30Pasteur by 21 years
11:31and he thought
11:32about the same idea.
11:33In 1873,
11:34Koch will be shocked
11:35by the plague
11:36and then
11:37he will die.
11:38Koch
11:39was a rural doctor
11:40who didn't have
11:41a place for him
11:42nor did he know
11:43the scientific facts.
11:44He was a nobody.
11:45However,
11:46Koch will cross his name
11:47and put a star
11:48in the middle
11:49of his rural home
11:50and divide it
11:51into two parts.
11:52One for the patient
11:53and the other
11:54for a primary lab.
11:55A lab
11:56with a microscope
11:57that his wife
11:58gave him as a gift.
11:59When he started
12:00his research,
12:01his wife
12:02would run
12:03to the eyes
12:04to focus.
12:05Koch
12:06would die
12:07and she would
12:08move and shrink
12:09to prove
12:10that she was
12:11the cause of the disease.
12:12This would
12:13make him look
12:14for a means
12:15to plant
12:16this bacterium on her.
12:17According to
12:18the immunologist
12:19Stephen Kaufman,
12:20Koch
12:21with a genius idea
12:22could find the means
12:23in the eye of the bull.
12:24Ahmed,
12:25what does the eye
12:26of the bull mean?
12:27Is it because
12:28there is a medical reason
12:29or because the bull
12:30is the only animal
12:31that agrees
12:32to this experiment?
12:33No, dear.
12:34Koch would plant
12:35this bacterium
12:36on a new animal
12:37and infect it
12:38with healthy animals
12:39such as rabbits
12:40and sheep.
12:41This bacterium
12:42would then be infected
12:43with a virus.
12:44To make sure
12:45of his experiment,
12:46he would remove
12:47the bacterium
12:48and decide
12:49in 20 generations
12:50from the oven.
12:51This, dear,
12:52would create
12:53what is known
12:54as Koch's theories.
12:55Number 1.
12:56You find a microbe
12:57in an infected animal.
12:58Number 2.
12:59You isolate it
13:00in a clean farm.
13:01Number 3.
13:02You plant it
13:03in an infected animal.
13:04This is a new idea.
13:05This is not something
13:06we understood.
13:07We thought
13:08that people get sick
13:09like this,
13:10all by themselves.
13:11This man said
13:12that the bacterium
13:13makes women sick.
13:14To make sure of this,
13:15we need to isolate
13:16the bacterium
13:17from the sick body
13:18and place it
13:19in a place
13:20where it shrinks
13:21and grows
13:22like what happened
13:23in the bull's eye
13:24because his eye
13:25is well-equipped
13:26to preserve the bacterium.
13:27Then,
13:28you bring a healthy animal
13:29without any disease
13:30and take this bacterium
13:31and place it
13:32inside a well
13:33because it is
13:34the same
13:35microbe
13:36that we started with.
13:37So,
13:38this microbe
13:39is responsible
13:40for this disease.
13:41Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
13:42So,
13:43Koch's theories
13:44will be a tool
13:45to expose the problems
13:46until today.
13:47He was the one
13:48who laid the foundation.
13:49You know,
13:50when your mom
13:51sees you playing
13:52she'll tell you
13:53Koch! Koch!
13:54She'll give you
13:55the horoscope.
13:56But,
13:57dear Koch,
13:58she doesn't know
13:59that there is
14:00another person
14:01In 1976, a rural doctor publishes a paper that is linked for the first time
14:05Specific bacteria with specific disease
14:07He found in front of his eyes the first practical proof of the Gerson's theory
14:11Which is less than a year old
14:12And I, Pastor, will go crazy because his theory was proven by a doctor younger than him
14:16And he was immersed in the farmers and the Germans who were at the time in Russia
14:21And among those who did not believe in his papers was Louis Pasteur
14:25The theory of germ theory
14:27The theory that was not linked to bacteria as the cause of the disease
14:31So far, my dear, we are in front of a non-scientific logic
14:34But Pasteur will know that Koch is not an ordinary German
14:37No, he also participated in the Brussian war and served against France
14:41So what, Abou Ahmed Zambouil?
14:42With any German, he had to fight
14:43Let me tell you, my dear, that Koch was not going to get rid of the fetus
14:47Because he has a family of doctors
14:48But he will volunteer himself as a military doctor
14:51And this is what will make him, according to Pasteur, a passionate German
14:54Pasteur will start in 1878
14:56His research in the bad germ
14:58Because here, France is chasing Germany in the race
15:00He will notice, Pasteur and Koch, that the germ spreads in fields far away in Europe
15:04It will be called the cursed fields
15:06Because, simply, any animal that visits it will wake up and infect the germ
15:09Pasteur and Koch will discover that the bacteria of the bad germ
15:11In difficult conditions, turn into spores
15:13Thick walls that the bacteria tries to escape through
15:16In order to resist heat and humidity and stay inside the soil
15:19And since the farmers bury the infected animals in the fields
15:22The worms feed on it and come out with these spores to the surface
15:25And when it rains, another animal eats the worms and the spores open
15:28And this will make Koch order the farmers to burn the dead animals
15:32And between 1878 and 1880, in two years, Pasteur will publish a new research on the germ
15:37He will also notice, Koch, that the French giant did not get his story at all
15:42I am the one who discovered the germ and the course of its life
15:44I am the one who proved the theory of germs
15:47Pasteur, my dear, put a footnote in the air
15:50As if it were a scribble
15:52This is what we thought of them
15:54My dear, at this moment, a historical enmity will be born
15:57Between a German school and a French school
15:59Pasteur vs. Koch
16:01Each of them is behind a motivated country
16:03And every scientific discovery of one of them is a victory
16:05Not for him, but for his country against his enemies
16:08These two schools were not just different countries
16:10But also, their ideas are different
16:12According to Koch and the German school
16:14The microbes that we isolate and plant, their properties do not change
16:17Therefore, there is no solution in front of us
16:19Except that we discover the bacteria that causes any disease
16:21And we try to protect ourselves from it
16:23Why did Koch order to burn the animals?
16:25Because of the spores
16:26A preventive solution against microbes will keep its properties
16:28Pasteur, and the French school
16:30Will say that the microbes have virulence
16:32A limit that increases and decreases
16:34If this limit is exceeded, the microbes may weaken
16:37And its properties change
16:39And here we can find a cure for it
16:41Or the air itself is the cure
16:43Pasteur reached this conclusion
16:45From his experiment on the chicken cholera
16:47Caused by the Pasteurella bacteria
16:49Pasteur found that when the bacteria's enzymes
16:51Stay in the air for a long time without suitable isolation conditions
16:53To feed it, the bacteria weakens
16:55When the chicken was infected with this weak bacteria
16:58And then it was infected with the normal bacteria
17:00The chicken did not die
17:02There is a problem, dear
17:03If we make the bacteria weaken
17:05We can turn it into a vaccine
17:07Wait a minute, Abu Ahmed
17:09Is Pasteur the one who invented the vaccine?
17:11No, dear, Edward Jenner came up with the idea of the vaccine
17:13Decades ago
17:14He said, how?
17:15Jenner was the first person to detect a bacterial disease
17:18From a cow's wall
17:20Jenner was the first person to detect a bacterial disease
17:22By the way, Jenner did not understand the process
17:24He did not understand how it happens
17:26Pasteur was the first person to understand
17:28Why Jenner's experiment succeeded
17:30That's why historians say
17:32Jenner discovered vaccination
17:34Pasteur invented vaccines
17:36Pasteur said that if the microbes' properties change
17:38And we can weaken them
17:40We can make a vaccine for any disease
17:42And this, dear, will distinguish the path of Koch and Pasteur forever
17:44Koch will always focus on prevention and cleanliness
17:46And all the ways to prevent the microbes from reaching the body
17:48Pasteur will come after the problem
17:50He will always focus on treatment
17:52And this is possible because of 5 children
17:54He will lose 3 of them with typhoid
17:56So he knows what the patient wants
17:58And he doesn't have it
18:00So Pasteur will be surprised by the challenges
18:02He will do an experiment on this
18:04On the germ of the virus
18:06And in the spring of 1881
18:08A global vaccine will be organized
18:10In the city of Polis
18:12Pasteur and his team will weaken the bacteria
18:14By placing it in the middle of the oxygen
18:16And this will protect the bacteria
18:18Also, dear, he will add something called carbolic acid
18:20And he will bring 70 sheep
18:22He will weaken half of them with the weak bacteria
18:24Which is the vaccine
18:26And finally, he will weaken all the sheep
18:28With the healthy bacteria
18:30And according to Patrick Peirce, the director of the Pasteur Institute
18:32Pasteur put his reputation and all his previous achievements
18:34On the line by risking an uncertain experiment
18:36He doesn't know the principle of weakening the bacteria with this vaccine
18:38Is it true or not?
18:40And if it's true, he doesn't know his way of weakening this bacteria
18:42Is it true or not?
18:44So, Pasteur will risk in this challenge
18:46The lives of 200 people
18:48Politicians, farmers, and journalists
18:50The whole society
18:52To see a successful experiment
18:54The two sheep that were fed
18:56Which took the weak bacteria
18:58Will live, and the rest will die
19:00In the 7th International Medical Congress
19:02Which was held in London in 1881
19:04There will be the first meeting between Pasteur and Koch
19:06Koch, the discoverer of the germ bacteria
19:08Will find 3000 scientists
19:10Celebrating Pasteur who cured the germ
19:12Then, he will develop research related to
19:14The isolation of the bacteria and its breeding
19:16But all the glory will go to Pasteur
19:18Koch, after the conference
19:20Will be involved in a war of fame with Pasteur
19:22He will accuse him of his experiment and his samples
19:24That they are not accurate
19:26Oh no, and not for Germany, Abu Hamed
19:28Instead of celebrating with his colleague, Abu Hamed is a bad loser
19:30Pasteur, he offered a vaccine for a pandemic
19:32And the other one is working on a breeding for a camphor
19:34No, Aziz, we didn't say it's a tarais
19:36Tarais!
19:38Aziz, if you could, from 6 letters and it has the word Salama
19:40The previous one that you didn't like
19:42Koch will discover in it
19:44A much more dangerous environment than the bad germ
19:46Let me explain, Koch and his school were convinced
19:48That as long as the microbe's properties
19:50Don't change and its treatment is difficult
19:52Let us work to improve it
19:54So he developed microscopes and developed the ways
19:56That we see bacteria in
19:58Specifically, the artificial environment that we can plant bacteria in
20:00Koch, the basis of his success with the germ
20:02Is that he was able to find a medium like the liquid of the eye of a dragon
20:04This is a place where bacteria like to live
20:06But unfortunately, Aziz, this doesn't work with all the bacteria
20:08Also, when bacteria enter the liquid
20:10They start to mix with other types
20:12And the eye loses all its purity
20:14Koch will reach the plate technique
20:16To be able to create bacteria farms on a solid surface
20:18Try it, Aziz, many layers
20:20He will try it on the surface of the potato, for example
20:22And he will try it with other things
20:24Until he finds the solution in the gelatin
20:26Which after cooling down, becomes a factory
20:28A factory for most types of bacteria
20:30In Koch's time, scientists were convinced
20:32That all bacteria have the same shape and color
20:34But Koch was not convinced of this
20:36For example, transparent bacteria
20:38We will not see it except with fingers
20:40Here Koch will use fingers like saffron and methyl
20:42And this will improve the conditions of the microscope
20:44To be able to see all types of bacteria
20:46And at the end of the 19th century
20:48The most dangerous epidemics will appear on the planet
20:50Which was not the bad germ
20:52But the white death
20:56Let me tell you, Aziz, that from 70 to 90%
20:58Of the population in Europe and North America
21:00They were white
21:0280% of the active white patients die
21:04All people know the danger of the white
21:06But no one is able to remove the bacteria
21:08Because it is resistant to all types of germs
21:10That you try to get
21:12Aziz's degree of conviction at the time
21:14Was that this is a hereditary disease
21:16It does not cause the bacteria
21:18Koch will use the blue stain
21:20To discover nerve tissue
21:22In the tissues of the white patient
21:24But it is also not clear
21:26He will try to add a brown stain
21:28To make a contrast to show it in the pictures
21:30And what he will see is a great discovery
21:32Koch will use the blue stain
21:34To discover nerve tissue
21:36In the tissues of the white patient
21:38Koch will test 217 animals
21:40And in March 1882
21:42He will present with him 200 public speakers
21:44In what will be described as one of the greatest
21:46Presentations in the history of medicine
21:48In the same year, Koch will meet
21:50Pasteur at the health conference in Geneva
21:52Do you remember when I got all the credit
21:54And all the success
21:56What is Pasteur doing?
21:58Or what?
22:00Koch will be the star of the conference
22:02What are the beautiful colors, man?
22:04You finished the line like this
22:06Like this
22:08Koch will be the star of the conference
22:10Who discovered the epidemic of the century
22:12And Pasteur in the background
22:14His presence is light and calm
22:16But, my dear, the world will be surprised
22:18During this conference
22:20Pasteur will rise to the platform
22:22And talk about Koch
22:24Who is sitting in front of him in the first row
22:26With his name
22:28I learned from your mother
22:30That Koch was not as talkative
22:32As Pasteur
22:34Pasteur was a prince
22:36Sitting with Napoleon III
22:38Fixing his wine
22:40Opening the doors for him
22:42A big, talkative man
22:44While Koch was a rural doctor
22:46In the back of his factory
22:48This man was dividing the factory with a curtain
22:50A small space, my dear, we don't want to talk
22:52This will make Pasteur win in the battle of words
22:54He will win and no one will be able to answer him
22:56This, my dear, will be the last time
22:58Pasteur will see Koch
23:00And Koch will see Pasteur
23:02But this will not be the last round of the battle
23:04There is a speech written
23:06Koch will say the most hateful sentence
23:08To Pasteur
23:10This hurts a lot
23:12Pasteur is not even a physician
23:14Pasteur is not even a doctor
23:16He is a man of the field
23:18This, my dear, is not good for anyone
23:20Don't think of me as a group
23:22It is true that he is not a doctor
23:24By the way, Koch's statement
23:26Will make the next round
23:28A violent one
23:30In the last place you can expect
23:32In Egypt
23:36In the summer of 1883
23:38Cholera will come to Europe
23:40Because it spread in its colonies
23:42Like Egypt and India
23:44Cholera will turn into a political conflict
23:46Between Germany and France
23:48Germany will send a message to Koch
23:50And Pasteur was in a hurry
23:52The two missions will reach
23:54A terrible situation
23:56The epidemic kills 500 people a day
23:58Despite the preventive measures
24:00The French mission will lose
24:02Louis Theullier
24:04He is a young scientist
24:06And one of the best in Pasteur
24:08This may be a human moment
24:10In a difficult competitive story
24:12Although this Louis
24:14Was one of Koch's worst enemies
24:16He was described by Azizi
24:18And described by his colleagues
24:20As the grave of Louis
24:22He will put flowers on the grave
24:24And say that this is the food of the cave
24:26Like what the warriors used to put
24:28Especially for the victor
24:30Like what the victors used to put
24:32In the old wars
24:34This is a moment in which the French and the Germans
24:36Thought that they are out of the political enemy
24:38Simply, they are a few brave doctors
24:40In the face of a brutal epidemic
24:42And their goal is to save millions of people
24:44So why at this moment did they think of this?
24:46We are one enemy and our goal is one
24:48The French mission will leave in two months
24:50However, Koch will not give up
24:52And with his madness and passion
24:54He will take his team and go to Calcutta in India
24:56Where the epidemic is at its peak
24:58Koch discovered a bacterium in the patient's intestines
25:00And he needs, as his law states
25:02To prove the relationship of this bacterium with the disease
25:04And the most important question for him
25:06Why does the cholera spread in its four corners
25:08Like Egypt and India?
25:10Koch will discover that the cholera bacterium
25:12Activates in the delta, like the Nile and the Ganges
25:14What happens is that people throw their garbage in the river
25:16And God forbid, they wash and drink from the same water
25:18So God forbid, they get cholera
25:20So when they walk behind the warehouses and clothes
25:22They find it rich in the same bacteria
25:24So he will immediately order to purify the water in Calcutta
25:26And he will transfer to Europe his ideas about water purification
25:28As a main source to avoid cholera
25:30The dear neighbor, Koch discovered
25:32The two most important epidemics in the 19th century
25:34And they are cholera and measles
25:36But soon he will find the lost rural doctor
25:38Turning into a professor of hygiene
25:40In the University of Berlin
25:42And he is honored by the German consultant
25:44Bismarck
25:46Who destroyed Pastor's country in the war
25:48Do you remember? We made an episode about him
25:50Pastor will find himself needing a remontada
25:52A remontada that is genius
25:54And in his neighborhood, in his region
25:56Koch will be the king of discoveries
25:58And Pastor will need to return as the king of treatments
26:00Pastor will decide that his remontada
26:02Will be in the ribis
26:04Treatment of the dog's disease, measles
26:06Do you think the time is 20 years?
26:08Oh Ahmed, let him work on something that is necessary
26:10He will work on measles, or cholera
26:12Or pain in the joints
26:14Pastor, my dear, followed his passion
26:16He was an amazing man
26:18Because his disease is normal
26:20But the disease takes care of the body
26:22For 3 months
26:24Then it starts terrifying symptoms
26:26Here, we can not only create a vaccine
26:28To make us a vaccine
26:30We can make it and give it in the long term
26:32Meaning after the infection
26:34The concept will be known as post-infection prophylaxis
26:36The problem, my dear, this time
26:38Is that Pastor is dealing with a virus and not a bacteria
26:40Because viruses are much smaller than bacteria
26:42At this time, there was no electron microscope
26:44Which can sometimes bring viruses
26:46And this will make the way to weaken the microbe
26:48So that it can be used for vaccination
26:50A different way
26:52Pastor will have animals in his brain
26:54And dry his spinal cord
26:56To weaken the microbe
26:58Experiments need years
27:00Pastor is a 60-year-old man now
27:02He can no longer withstand time
27:04Will he live and see the invention or not?
27:06But one of Pastor's most famous sayings
27:08Is that luck comes to those who are ready
27:10And luck will come in July 1885
27:12When Pastor's family will meet Joseph Meister
27:14A child who was bitten by a dog
27:16And his mother is begging Pastor to treat him
27:18Pastor will convince his mother that his experience is not certain
27:20And that it is only about his animals
27:22But his mother says to him
27:24My son, time will pass and he will die
27:26So try it, you will not lose anything
27:28Don't worry, mom, leave me alone
27:30But Pastor's assistant will stop him
27:32And tell him, doctor, this is madness
27:34Because no one is sure if the child has a fever
27:36Or if he is healthy and dead
27:38This will end your journey of achievement
27:40With a moral slander
27:42You can complain about all your achievements
27:44Except that Pastor will risk his life
27:46Because he will think of his children
27:48When he wishes to do anything
27:50Or try any means to save them
27:52And he will see in this child, Joseph, an extension for them
27:54Joseph will take 12 injections
27:56Of the weakened microbe
27:58And the 13th injection will be the whole microbe
28:00Or in a precise sense
28:02The most difficult test in the experiment
28:04While Joseph is doing this
28:06Someone else is still waiting for the result
28:08His career may go wrong
28:10Or something may happen to him
28:12His career may collapse
28:14If the experiment fails and he dies
28:16Although he will die
28:18But people still have expectations
28:20In real life, what happens
28:22Is that Joseph is afraid
28:24Joseph is afraid of the microbe
28:26Because of what Pastor did
28:28Pastor, my dear
28:30Will turn into a face
28:32Of all the Europe
28:34To be treated by him
28:36God bless you, Pastor
28:38I will also tell my mother
28:40If you start with beer and wine
28:42Treat the children
28:44After 10 years of this time
28:46Pastor will die
28:48And before his death
28:50He will refuse the honor
28:52He was given from Prussia
28:54To make sure that his whole life
28:56Was in the service of France
28:58Against Germany
29:00The experiment will not end
29:02With the death of Pastor or Koch
29:04Instead, it will extend
29:06To two schools
29:08Which will be called
29:10The Microbe Hunters
29:12In 1894, Alexander Yersin
29:14Will succeed in discovering
29:16The bacteria that causes the double plague
29:18Alexander, my dear
29:20Is the son of the French school
29:22And he will imitate the Japanese
29:24Shibasaburo
29:26Who belongs to the German Koch school
29:28In 1906, humanity will turn
29:30From people who still doubt the existence of germs
29:32To discover the bacteria that cause
29:34Most of the human diseases
29:36Like this picture
29:38This is all the diseases discovered by Koch
29:40And his students
29:42If you think that Koch's diseases are old
29:44Let me tell you that Pastor's principles
29:46About the change of the microbe's frequency
29:48Will be the basis of studying the new viruses
29:50Like AIDS and SARS
29:52Pastor himself predicted in his papers
29:54That humanity will face more difficult diseases in the future
29:56And he was right
29:58Because some of the microbes
30:00Will be able to change their properties
30:02And move from the animal to the human
30:04Oh, Abu Ahmed, is this possible?
30:06I'll take you this time and take you to 2020
30:08No, no, come on, let's go to 2020
30:10No, my dear, we all saw it in the latest epidemics
30:12So, Abu Ahmed, the competition has lost humanity
30:14Honestly, my dear, not exactly
30:16There are thousands who died because of the enmity
30:18Between Koch and Pastor
30:20Let me tell you, my dear, that the acceptance
30:22Of Koch's disease will be delayed
30:24Because its inventor is Koch
30:26We don't learn from German doctors
30:28Every country will be delayed
30:30Because it rejects the achievements of its opponent
30:32Also, the German government will press Koch
30:34After the development of Pastor for rabies vaccine
30:36To announce the discovery of a cure for AIDS
30:38I'm telling you, it's not your turn
30:40To tell us about his diseases
30:42You'll go and do a research and tell me there's this disease
30:44Take care of it, prevention is better than treatment
30:46This job won't work, we want to treat people
30:48Koch, my dear, on the contrary, in his confidence in his results
30:50Will announce a cure for AIDS
30:52Hopefully, he will emigrate to Berlin
30:54But the cure will fail, and its results will be disastrous
30:56Because his test was not carried out safely
30:58Many of the achievements
31:00That humans enjoy
31:02Were created by hostility
31:04A series of famous hostilities
31:06For example, Tesla, Newton and Robert Hooke
31:08However, it was not a personal hostility
31:10It was a hostility from two countries
31:12A hostility created by a war that started with a linguistic error
31:14In our episode about Bismarck
31:16We talked about the EMIS dispatch
31:18The electricity that Bismarck changed
31:20To turn into a diplomatic betrayal
31:22Forcing France to fight Germany
31:24According to a study from 2007
31:26Part of Koch and Pasteur's hostility
31:28Was due to linguistic errors
31:30Or simply because they don't speak the same language
31:32This is why many people are convinced
31:34That Koch didn't mention Pasteur's research
31:36When he discovered the virus
31:38Because, simply, the man doesn't read French
31:40While the London conference was the first meeting
31:42For the two men that Pasteur was able to
31:44Overcome his arrogance and thank him
31:46For Koch's isolation
31:48A time barrier was established
31:50For this love to develop
31:52According to the study, while listening to Koch and Pasteur
31:54At the Geneva conference, Pasteur said
31:56Die Kuhle Allemande
31:58Which means the collective work of Koch
32:00While Professor Ludwig Eichtheim
32:02Who was translating Koch in French
32:04Was translating it in German
32:06Meaning the German arrogance
32:08This made Koch angry and hate Pasteur
32:10Unfortunately, both of them
32:12Were able to see and fight
32:14Creatures that can only be seen with a microscope
32:16And they were united on the existence of microbes
32:18That deny science and its existence to the science that preceded them
32:20So they saw things like political differences
32:22And linguistic barriers
32:24Things that are much easier to see and avoid
32:26Without a microscope
32:28After more than a century of competition between Koch and Pasteur
32:30When the coronavirus hit the world
32:32The vaccination race became a competition
32:34Between countries to reach the political glory
32:36And as long as we were fighting to find a faster vaccine
32:38Sometimes it was enough to surpass it
32:40For example, the European Council
32:42When it announced at the beginning of 2021
32:44That the vaccine was made in the EU
32:46This created a lot of regional tensions
32:48According to Rika Harris, a professor of nationalism
32:50At the University of Liverpool
32:52The state gives us a feeling of belonging and protection
32:54But viruses don't recognize countries
32:56The coronavirus doesn't need a visa to enter the US
32:58Pasteur and Koch will remain local symbols
33:00For their countries, as they wish
33:02But with time, millions of Germans
33:04Will be saved by Pasteur's science
33:06And millions of French will be saved by Koch's science
33:08And this will leave them in the end in the heritage of human medicine
33:10Which crosses borders and continents
33:12And this is great, we fight them closely
33:14That's all, my dear
33:16Don't forget to watch the previous episode
33:18Watch the next episode, check the sources
33:20And if we're on YouTube, subscribe to the channel
33:22Do you know, my dear, what do microbes do when they want to travel?
33:24They go to the passport office
33:26And look for Pasteur
33:28Radik
33:42Thank you for watching
33:44See you in the next episode