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00:00I'm Dr. Rifaat Ismail, and I'm here to reveal the strangest case I've seen to this day.
00:23At the beginning of the operation, a cut of hair fell on the patient's eye.
00:31Without a scratch, without a bruise, without a scar.
00:36And what's even stranger is that the patient is already suffering from hereditary cancer.
00:41At that time, I realized that I was dealing with a new type of cancer.
00:49We call it Hamouda's cancer.
00:53And I presented it as the following.
00:56The first presentation is the loss of memory.
01:00I... I don't know myself.
01:03The second presentation.
01:04Don't take it easy.
01:07I always want the room to be quiet and the world to be quiet and silent.
01:13Quiet, quiet, quiet.
01:15Sitting hours in front of the mirror.
01:19Tell me my story! Tell me my story!
01:23A misunderstanding of body theft.
01:28Let me go! Let me go, I'm begging you!
01:31The patient might not be able to handle the symptoms, and this is where the medical intervention comes in handy.
01:41Guys, the patient is going to pass out. Someone get him an IV and a blazer, quick!
01:47Someone get him some cream!
01:49Hello! Hello! Hello!
01:51Come here, I can't see you, wait for me!
01:56Hurry up!
01:57I can't forget the last thing he said to me.
01:59Where are you going?
02:06It's sad that my limited medical experience didn't save this man from the addiction of Abbas Hamouda.
02:16But my only regret is that the addiction is over for him.
02:27The patient might not be able to handle the symptoms, and this is where the medical intervention comes in handy.
02:48Hello and welcome to a new episode of the show, The Victim.
02:51In January 2021, the French Institute for the Prevention of Coronaviruses announced that the test results were disappointing.
03:00Meanwhile, you might find a logical news.
03:02At a time when the world is still getting used to the pandemic, the French politicians will describe it as a national humiliation.
03:10The Guardian will say that this news is a blow to the French appreciation of their health.
03:15I don't believe this, Abu Hamad. Why all this? This is a medical issue, not a war issue.
03:19The problem is that this failure comes from a institute named Louis Pasteur, who wasn't just a scientist for the French.
03:26He was a genius with his scientific experience, and he managed to take a political lead, making France the greatest country in its time.
03:32It hosted its guests, and gave vaccines to deadly diseases at a time when the world's governments were still hiding.
03:38While France, and Pasteur's institute in particular, failed in the era of the coronavirus vaccine, this is a national humiliation, not just a failed scientific experiment.
03:46The French parliamentarian, Bastien Lecun, will summarize the French people's feelings when they say,
03:51No vaccine in a country of Pasteur? What a symbol!
03:54Oh no, what a symbol! France, the country of Pasteur, doesn't know how to get vaccinated.
03:57I don't believe this, Abu Hamad. This is not Pasteur. He came from Pasteur.
04:00This man was from Pasteur's lab. What made his family get vaccinated?
04:03Or was he also vaccinated?
04:05There's no need, Abu Hamad. We're used to it. Take me by the hand to the year of the year you love, and bring me back to the origin of the story.
04:09But let's start with the first year, the Stone Age and the Stone Age.
04:12Azizi, take me with you to the Stone Age. The Middle Ages, you love it.
04:15Abu Hamad, if you don't mind, don't go back in time. Start from a time when there was a network.
04:19Azizi, let me take you by the hand and we'll go to the middle of the 19th century.
04:22What do you think? Is it good?
04:23And then, European scientists will start asking questions.
04:25What is the origin of life?
04:26A famous theorist, Azizi, will answer this question.
04:28It will be called the spontaneous generation.
04:30Look, uncle, living creatures will automatically be born from non-living solids.
04:33That's why, if you leave a non-living piece of meat, you'll find it full of worms.
04:37Scientists, I'm just telling you.
04:39But, the living creature came from non-living solids.
04:42Scientists, I'm just telling you. It's not the words of a sane person.
04:44And here, the Paris Academy of Sciences will present a prize for the winner of this competition.
04:48Here, a scientist will appear and say that we'll keep talking and won't reach anything.
04:51Let's go to the factory and try.
04:53Here, the role of the scientist, Louis Pasteur, will appear.
04:56Pasteur will bring two swan neck flasks.
04:59Two of the factory's laws, the one you see right in front of you.
05:02He'll put these two inside a tank.
05:04Pasteur will sterilize the two and boil them.
05:06Here, we have two flasks. One is sterilized and the other one will be opened by air.
05:09Pasteur will tell them, people who say about the spontaneous generation.
05:12If your theory is correct, here, the worm will appear in both.
05:15The closed one and the one exposed to air.
05:17Because the non-living piece of meat is supposed to form the worm.
05:20It's a surprise, my dear, or it's not a surprise for us, we know it now.
05:23That the pollution and the worms didn't appear except in the swan neck or the flask that is exposed to air.
05:28That means that the meat alone won't produce worms.
05:30The meat with a little bit of air has some worms.
05:33If there is a worm inside or a worm passed through and produced worms, it will produce worms.
05:37But if we brought this meat and closed it, it won't produce worms.
05:40And indeed, the second closed flask, despite the feces inside it, is healthy.
05:44Pasteur proved that it has nothing to do with the spontaneous generation.
05:47It's a live thing from a non-living piece of meat.
05:49No!
05:50This, my dear, will give us a theory known as the germ theory.
05:52The theory of germs.
05:54It might seem to you like the experiment of scientists and nerds,
05:56busy with philosophical questions and sitting in a factory trying it.
05:59But let me tell you that this experiment will save the French empire from bankruptcy.
06:03Let me take you by the hand and go back a little bit.
06:05In 1863, the production of wine, which is the most important production in France,
06:10and the basis of its export to Europe, is exposed to the wine disease.
06:13Diseases that suppress the taste of wine.
06:15At that time, the emperor Napoleon III, Pasteur, will claim that the wine is poisoned.
06:20Pasteur, my dear, will work for two years until he comes with his microscope
06:24and shows it to the emperor and the empress
06:26to show them two precise creatures.
06:29Creatures that interfere in the fermentation process and pollinate the wine.
06:32And he will give them the solution.
06:33We need to boil the wine to 55 degrees.
06:35The pasteurization process.
06:38Of course, you know where it came from now.
06:39This is the process that we apply to milk and many other liquids
06:42to be able to get rid of the germs in it.
06:44Pasteur, my dear, not only saves the production of wine,
06:46he also saves the production of milk in France, Europe and Asia.
06:49When the Aegean Gulf becomes infected with deadly diseases,
06:51Pasteur will hold this wall and discover that it is infected with Zima,
06:55which is a hereditary disease.
06:57Pasteur, by examination, will know that it appears in the form of shiny particles.
07:00Here, my dear, Pasteur will separate the walls
07:02and after each person puts his eye on it, he will examine it.
07:05If he finds shiny particles in it, he will remove it and destroy it.
07:08Here, my dear, it is as if he is choosing stories from the beginning.
07:11Pasteur, here, has become a national hero.
07:13He saved the economy of France and Europe.
07:15But at the same time, it was a source of surprise for scientists.
07:17Why, Abu Ahmed? Because the man saw his work?
07:19I don't think so, my dear.
07:20When I tell you that there are gyroscopes,
07:22cells,
07:23microscopes,
07:24egg separation,
07:25and a science that is expensive and expensive
07:27to the degree of 55 exactements,
07:30you think that Pasteur is a biologist or a doctor.
07:33But in fact, Pasteur was a chemist.
07:35He worked and experimented in a field that had nothing to do with him.
07:38And this, my dear, was a punishment in his life.
07:40Many scientists refused to accept his theories,
07:42despite his success.
07:43Just because he is a chemist, not a doctor.
07:45But Pasteur will always say,
07:46No such thing as pure science.
07:48Only science and the application of science.
07:50There is no such thing as pure science.
07:51There is science and the application of science.
07:53And this, my dear, can be seen in Pasteur's character.
07:55A person who sees the problem and immediately goes to the application and experiment to solve it.
07:58In life, my dear, Pasteur will take the Legion of Honor.
08:00And to prove that he fixed the mood of the emperor
08:02and cured the problem of wine that he loves,
08:04the man built a giant factory to complete his work.
08:06Come on, any alcohol you want to drink from us, we will send it to you right away.
08:08Until now, my dear, Pasteur is proud of his country,
08:10and life is still going on.
08:12But suddenly, my dear, the French-Brussian war begins.
08:15What year? The year 1078.
08:17The war, my dear, will end with the fall of France
08:19and the surrender of its emperor Napoleon III,
08:21who was Pasteur's sponsor.
08:23And therefore, Pasteur loses his work and the dignity of his country,
08:25and he starts all over again.
08:27At this moment, my dear, Pasteur will focus his life on one enemy,
08:30not the germs or the microbes,
08:32but the alcohol that left his country.
08:34In the year 1071, Pasteur will return the level of pride
08:37presented by Halle and the German League.
08:39He won't forget it.
08:40Leave this level of pride to him.
08:42That's not all, my dear.
08:43He will hold a drum and play a speech in German.
08:47And, my dear, you will be amazed by his idea.
08:49The greatest idea to take revenge on the Germans.
08:52Oh, Abu Hamed, is he going to use a Gorsumi weapon or what?
08:54Is he going to kill all the delicate creatures
08:56that he saw under his microscope?
08:58And make a large army of small creatures
09:00and devour Germany?
09:01No, my dear, he is going to make a glass of beer.
09:03What? Is Abu Hamed taking revenge on the Germans
09:05or is he just serving time?
09:06Dear beautiful viewer, let me explain to you
09:08that the strike is actually an economic strike.
09:10How, Abu Hamed?
09:12Germany relies on it for export.
09:15So, after Germany occupied Alsace and Jorin,
09:18the brewery factory in France,
09:20the industry fell into disrepair.
09:21There were no competitors left.
09:22What did I tell you, my dear, that the Germans
09:24were suffering in brewing beer?
09:26They stored it in a barrel all winter
09:27at a low temperature so that it wouldn't rot.
09:29Pasteur, my dear, knew very well
09:31that their problem was with the Gorsumi.
09:32So, what they did was to invent a beer
09:34that he applied his ideas on,
09:36and made it easier.
09:37And he called it, my dear,
09:38the beer of revenge.
09:40Or, as it's known in Egypt,
09:42the cup of revenge.
09:43Pasteur, my dear, will present his research
09:45in his book, Studies on Beer.
09:48My dear, his beer will spread throughout Europe.
09:51Pasteur will watch what's happening
09:52and enjoy his revenge.
09:54Because beer will only develop in Europe
09:56except for Germany.
09:57Why?
09:58Because he refused to translate his book
09:59into German.
10:00And whoever wants to make beer
10:01should come to the French Cultural Center.
10:04Did Pasteur do that, Abu Hamed?
10:05He did that, my dear,
10:06exactly according to the headlines.
10:07And that's what he did.
10:08Pasteur, my dear,
10:09with this reckless move,
10:10will become a rock star.
10:11In a country that's humiliated
10:12and needs a symbol.
10:13We fought the war,
10:14we were humiliated,
10:15we were humiliated,
10:16and we occupied our lands.
10:17But Sank is dead.
10:18The Germans don't know how to make beer like us.
10:19And they wrote the book
10:20and all of Europe knows it
10:21and they won't know it
10:22because they don't translate it.
10:23The victories of St. James.
10:24Apart from the mockery, my dear,
10:25let me tell you that this was just the beginning.
10:27Pasteur, sitting like this,
10:28looking at the beer
10:29in which Gerasim is swimming,
10:30the minute.
10:31And what does this mean?
10:32I'll explain it to you.
10:33Curiosity with a question.
10:34What if the diseases
10:35in human bodies,
10:36are just the germs
10:37that swim in blood?
10:38Just like the germs
10:39that swim in beer.
10:40And here, my dear,
10:41he's going to make
10:42the greatest shift in his history.
10:43From the chemistry of fermentation
10:44to pasteurization
10:45to the science of bacteriology.
10:46Pasteur is going to be
10:47one of his greatest pioneers.
10:48Thank God, Abu Ahmed,
10:49you reassured the man.
10:50I told him to start with wine
10:51and walk in beer
10:52and then where would he go?
10:53Finally,
10:54he's going to focus on something useful
10:55and leave Germany
10:56and this atmosphere.
10:57My dear,
10:58we're in a war
10:59between two big countries.
11:00A war between France and Germany
11:01might be more serious
11:02than the world wars.
11:03While Pasteur, at that time,
11:04was over 50 years old
11:05and he suffered from
11:06a concussion
11:07that made him unable
11:08to move his left hand.
11:09He was paralyzed
11:10and had to have surgery.
11:11But despite that,
11:12he thought that
11:13the idea would change
11:14the shape of medicine completely.
11:15Pasteur didn't know
11:16that someone was going to
11:17appear in front of him
11:18to change the equation.
11:19About a thousand kilometers
11:20away,
11:21in the city of Wolstein,
11:22in the countryside,
11:23the German young man
11:24Robert Koch appears.
11:25He was, my dear,
11:26younger than Pasteur
11:27by 21 years.
11:28He was thinking
11:29about the same idea.
11:30In 1873,
11:31Koch will be surprised
11:32by the plague epidemic.
11:33The epidemic
11:34and all the people
11:35who were infected
11:36by the plague
11:37and then,
11:38they die.
11:39Koch was a rural doctor
11:40who didn't have a job
11:41like Pasteur
11:42nor did he know
11:43about the science.
11:44He was Mr. Nobody.
11:45However,
11:46Koch will cross his name
11:47and put a star
11:48in the middle of his
11:49rural uniform
11:50and divide it into two parts.
11:51One for the patient
11:52and the other
11:53for a primary lab.
11:54A lab that has
11:55only a microscope.
11:56His wife gave it to him
11:57as a gift.
11:58When he was doing his research,
11:59his wife would
12:00use her eyes
12:01to focus.
12:02Koch would study
12:03the bacteria
12:04and see the particles
12:05moving and shrinking
12:06to prove
12:07that they are
12:08the cause of the disease.
12:09This would make him
12:10look for a medium
12:11to plant
12:12the bacteria on.
12:13According to
12:14the immunologist
12:15Stephen Kaufman,
12:16Koch,
12:17with a genius idea,
12:18could find the medium
12:19in the eye of the bull.
12:20Ahmed,
12:21what is the meaning
12:22of the bull's eye?
12:23Is it because
12:24there is a medical reason
12:25or because the bull
12:26is the only animal
12:27that agrees
12:28to this experiment?
12:29No, dear.
12:30The bull's eye
12:31was special for Koch
12:32because it would create
12:33a successful farm
12:34and take the new bacteria
12:35and implant them
12:36in healthy animals
12:37like rabbits and sheep.
12:38What we have now
12:39will be infected
12:40by the bull's eye.
12:41To make sure
12:42of his experiment,
12:43he would isolate the bacteria
12:44and decide on it
12:45in 20 generations
12:46from the bull.
12:47This, dear,
12:48would create
12:49what is known
12:50as Koch's hypothesis.
12:51Number 1,
12:52you find a microbe
12:53in an infected animal.
12:54Number 2,
12:55you isolate it
12:56in a clean farm
12:57and then plant it
12:58in a healthy animal
12:59and it gets infected.
13:00Number 4,
13:01you find out
13:02that the bacteria
13:03cause diseases.
13:04This was a new idea.
13:05This was not something
13:06we understood.
13:07We thought that people
13:08get sick like this,
13:09all by themselves.
13:10This man said
13:11that the bacteria
13:12cause diseases
13:13and to make sure
13:14of this,
13:15we need to isolate
13:16the bacteria
13:17from the sick body
13:18and place it
13:19in a place
13:20where it gets
13:21smaller and bigger
13:22like what happened
13:23with the bull's eye
13:24because its eye
13:25is well-equipped
13:26to keep the bacteria.
13:27Then,
13:28you bring a healthy animal
13:29that is not infected
13:30and thought that
13:31this microbe
13:32was the same
13:33one I was afraid of
13:34so this microbe
13:35is responsible
13:36for this disease.
13:37Aaaaaaaaaah!
13:39The bull's eye
13:40is like a tool
13:41to detect diseases
13:42up to today.
13:43It's built on-
13:44For example,
13:45when your mom
13:46sees you playing
13:47with something,
13:48she will say
13:49Bull! Bull!
13:50You don't find
13:51germs?
13:52But,
13:53the bull does not know
13:54that there is another
13:55person to show
13:56up and change the equation.
13:57Louis Pasteur
13:58was probably
13:59in 1876, a rural doctor publishes a paper that is linked for the first time to a specific
14:05bacteria with a specific disease. In front of his eyes, he found the first practical proof
14:09of the Gerasim theory, which is less than a century old. And I, Pastor, will go crazy
14:13because the theories of his age were proven by a doctor younger than him, and he was
14:16immersed in the farmers and the Germans who were at the time in Russia, and among those
14:21who did not bring in his papers the biography of Louis Pasteur, the theory of germ theory,
14:26which was not linked to bacteria as a cause of the disease. So far, my dear, we are
14:32in front of a non-scientific logic, but Pasteur will know that Koch is not an ordinary German,
14:37no, he was also a participant in the Brussian war and a servant against France. Well, Abu
14:41Hamid Zanboukine, what German should he have fought? Let me tell you, my dear, that Koch
14:45was not going to give up the garden because he had a family of doctors, but he will volunteer
14:49himself as a military doctor, and this is what will make him, according to Pasteur, a
14:53passionate German. Pasteur will start in 1878 his research in the bad germ, because here
14:58France is chasing Germany in the race. He will notice, Pasteur and Koch, that the germ spreads
15:02in fields with its eyes in Europe. It will be called the cursed fields, because, simply,
15:06any animal that visits it will wake up and infect the germ. Pasteur and Koch will discover
15:10that the bacteria of the bad germ, in difficult conditions, turn into spores, thick walls
15:14that the bacteria try to get into, to resist heat and humidity, and stay inside the soil.
15:18And since the farmers bury the infected animals in the fields, a wall is fed on it, and this
15:23spore comes out to the surface. A little rain, or another animal eats the germ, and the spores
15:27open, and this will make Koch order the farmers to burn the dead animals. And from 1878 and
15:331880, in two years, Pasteur will publish a new research on the germ. Koch will also notice
15:38that the French giant did not bring his story at all. I am the one who discovered the germ,
15:43and the course of its life. I am the one who proved the theory of germs. Pasteur, my dear,
15:48put it in a footnote, and sang it in the air, as if it were a curse, a curse. This is what
15:52we have done to them. Here, my dear, at this moment, a historical enmity will be born,
15:57between a German school and a French school. Pasteur vs. Koch. Each scientist among them
16:01is behind a motivated country, and every scientific discovery of one of them is a victory,
16:05not for him, but for his country, against the enemy. These two schools are not just
16:09different countries, but also, their ideas are different. According to Koch and the German
16:12school, the microbes that we isolate and plant, their characteristics do not change.
16:16Therefore, there is no solution in front of us, but to discover the bacteria that cause any disease,
16:20and try to protect ourselves from it. A vaccine, just as Koch ordered to burn the animals
16:24for the spores. A vaccine solution, and the sound of a microbe will continue to maintain its characteristics.
16:28Pasteur, my dear, and the French school will say that the microbe has virulence, a limit that increases
16:33and decreases. If this limit is increased, the microbe may weaken, and its characteristics
16:37will change. And here, my dear, we can find a cure for it, or it may be the cure itself.
16:43Pasteur came to this conclusion from his experiment on the chicken cholera, which is caused by
16:47the Pasteurella bacteria. Pasteur found that when the bacteria's spores were exposed to air
16:51for a long time, without suitable isolation conditions to feed them, the bacteria weakened.
16:55When the chicken was infected with this weak bacteria, and was then infected with the normal bacteria,
16:59the chicken did not die. So, in a way, my dear, if we make the bacteria weaken, we can turn it into
17:06a vaccine. One second, Abu Ahmed, is Pasteur the one who invented the vaccine? No, my dear,
17:11Edward Jenner came up with the idea of the vaccine decades ago. He said, how? Jenner was the first
17:15person to detect a bacterial disease in a cow's kidney. And this was the first vaccine that humanity
17:20knew. The idea is that Jenner did not understand the process. He did not understand how this happens.
17:25Pasteur is the first person to understand why Edward Jenner's experiment was successful. That's why
17:29historians will say, Jenner discovered vaccination. Pasteur invented vaccines. Pasteur will say that if
17:34the microbe's characteristics have changed, and therefore we can weaken it, we can make a vaccine
17:38for any disease. And this, my dear, will distinguish the path of Jenner and Pasteur forever. Jenner will always focus
17:43on prevention, cleanliness, and all the ways that prevent the arrival of the microbe to the body. Pasteur,
17:48now, comes after the problem. He will always focus on treatment. And this, perhaps, because of the five
17:53children he brought, he will lose three of them with typhoid. He knows what a patient wants his treatment
17:57and does not find it. Pasteur will be surprised by the invitation of someone to come to him. He will do an experiment
18:00on this topic. We liked the bad guy. The one who always gets betrayed and the Germans are pleased with him.
18:04In the spring of 1881, a global epidemic will be organized in the city of Pauly up there. Pasteur and his team will weaken
18:10the germ bacteria by placing it in the middle of the high oxygen. At a temperature that prevents the formation of
18:15the spores that protect the bacteria. Also, my dear, they will add something called Carpolic acid and bring
18:1970 sheep. Half of them will be vaccinated with the weak bacteria, which is the vaccine. And finally, all the sheep will be vaccinated
18:25with the whole-strength healthy bacteria. According to the words of Patrick Birch, director of the Pasteur Institute,
18:30Pasteur has put his reputation and all his previous achievements on the line by risking an unconditional experiment.
18:35He does not know the principle of weakening bacteria with this vaccine, right or not? And if it is true, he does not know
18:39his way of weakening this bacteria, right or not? And the most important thing, will it be effective with the germ or not?
18:44Pasteur will risk in this challenge and shock 200 people. Politicians, farmers and journalists. The whole community
18:49to see an experiment succeed in a healthy way. The two sheep that are fed, the one that took the weak bacteria,
18:56will live, and the rest will die. At the 7th International Medical Congress, which was held in London in 1881,
19:01the first meeting between Koch and Pasteur will take place. Koch, a germ-discoverer, will find 3,000 scientists
19:08who have forgotten and are celebrating Pasteur who cured the germ. Koch, my dear, at that time, will develop research
19:13related to the isolation of bacteria and dyeing it. But all the glory will go to Pasteur. Koch, after the conference,
19:19will be involved in a famous war with Pasteur. He will accuse his experiment and samples of being inaccurate.
19:25Shame on the Germans, Abu Hamed. Instead of celebrating with his colleagues, Abu Hamed is a bad loser.
19:29Pasteur submitted a vaccine for a pandemic. And the other one is working on a dyeing of kebabs.
19:34My dear, we're not saying that it's a scam. It's a scam! My dear, if you could please, from six letters,
19:38and it's safe, it's possible. Trust me, trust me and Ali. The dye that you don't like, Koch will discover it
19:43or it will be much more dangerous than the bad germ. Let me explain. Koch and his school are convinced that
19:48as long as the microbe's properties don't change, and its treatment is difficult, let us work to improve it.
19:53So the microscopes and the ways we see bacteria are developed. Specifically, the artificial environment
19:58in which we can grow bacteria. Koch's main success with the germ is that he found a medium
20:02like the liquid in the eyes of a tyrant. This is a place where bacteria like to live. But unfortunately,
20:07this doesn't work with all the bacteria. Also, when the bacteria enter the liquid, it starts to mix
20:11with another type. And the sample loses all its purity. Koch will reach the plate technique,
20:15in which we can create a bacterial farm on a solid surface. Try it, my dear. It's much harder.
20:20He will try it on the potato surface, for example, and he will try other substances, until he finds a solution
20:24in the gelatin, which after cooling down, becomes a genius farm. A chemical farm for many types of bacteria.
20:30In Koch's time, scientists were convinced that all bacteria look the same, but Koch wasn't convinced of this.
20:35For example, there are transparent bacteria that we will only see with our fingers. Here, Koch will use
20:39fingers like saffron and methylbenzene, and this will improve the lighting conditions of the microscope
20:43to be able to see all types of bacteria. And at the end of the 19th century, the most dangerous
20:48epidemic on the planet, which was not the deadly plague, but the white death.
20:55Let me tell you, my dear, that 70 to 90% of the population in Europe and North America
21:00was a white death patient. 80% of active white death patients die. All people know the danger of white death,
21:05but no one is able to kill its bacteria, because it is resistant to all kinds of diseases
21:10that it tries to bring. But, my dear, the conviction at the time was that this was a hereditary disease,
21:14which does not cause the bacteria itself, or else we would have found it.
21:16Koch will use methylene blue stain to develop a device called Paul Ehrlich,
21:20to discover nerve tissues in the tissues of kidney patients, but it is also not clear.
21:25He will try to add a brown stain to make a contrast to show it in the pictures,
21:29and what he will see is a great discovery, because the kidneys appear at first,
21:32then the kidneys cover them in the patient's tissues.
21:35Koch, my dear, will test 217 animals, and in March 1882, he will prepare with him
21:41200 famous speakers, in what will be described as one of the greatest presentations in the history of medicine.
21:46In the same year, Koch will meet Pasteur at the health conference in Geneva.
21:51Do you remember when I got all the appreciation, credit and success?
21:54No? No?
21:55What's Pasteur's cup of tea? Or what?
21:58And now, my dear, the A will be 180 degrees. Koch will be the star of the conference.
22:03What are these beautiful fingers, man?
22:05You finished the question like this, like this.
22:07Koch, my dear, will be the star of the conference that discovered the epidemic of the century,
22:10and Pasteur, in the background, his presence is light and calm.
22:13But, my dear, the world will be surprised at this point, of course.
22:16Pasteur will take the stage and talk about Koch, who is sitting in front of him in the first row,
22:21with his name, and he will attack him to silence him in his previous experience.
22:24Pasteur will describe his speech in a letter to his assistant, Emile Rooks,
22:27that it pierced Koch's heart.
22:29I taught your mother.
22:30But, my dear, Koch was not as eloquent as Pasteur.
22:34Pasteur was a prince man, he would go sit with Napoleon III,
22:37he would fix his wine, open his shops for him.
22:40He was a big man, a great man, a great speaker.
22:42While Koch was a rural doctor in the back of his factory.
22:45This man was dividing the factory with a curtain.
22:47A small space, my dear, we don't want to talk about it.
22:49This will make Pasteur win him in the two-word battle.
22:52He will win him and the other will not know how to respond to him.
22:54And not only that, he will steal his happiness from Koch.
22:56This, my dear, will be the last time Pasteur will see Koch.
22:59And Koch will also see Pasteur.
23:01But this will not be the last round in the battle.
23:04In a written speech, Koch will say the most hateful sentence to Pasteur.
23:08My dear, he said, and this hurts a lot, this hurts a lot.
23:11Pasteur is not even a physician.
23:14Pasteur is not a doctor at all.
23:16He is a man who interferes in the field.
23:17This, of course, my dear, is not good for anyone.
23:20Don't think of me as a group.
23:21It's true that he is not a doctor,
23:22but put my name on the list outside,
23:24and he works and provides, by the way.
23:25The statement that Koch said about Pasteur
23:27will make the next round violent
23:29and he will end up in the last place you can expect.
23:31In Egypt.
23:35In Europe.
23:36In the summer of 1883,
23:38cholera spread in Europe
23:40because it spread in its colonies,
23:41such as Egypt and India.
23:42Cholera will turn into a political conflict
23:44between Germany and France.
23:45Germany will send a mission to Koch.
23:47And, of course, Pasteur was in a hurry on a trip like this,
23:49so France will send under his supervision
23:51his student, Emile Rooks.
23:53The two missions will lead him to a terrifying situation.
23:55The epidemic kills 500 people a day.
23:57And despite the preventive measures,
23:59the French mission will lose Louis Thuly,
24:01who is a young scholar and one of Pasteur's most prominent figures.
24:04And this, my dear,
24:05could be a human moment in a difficult competitive story.
24:07Although Louis was one of Koch's fiercest enemies,
24:10he was described by Azizi
24:11and described by his colleagues in the countryside.
24:13When Louis Azizi will die,
24:14Koch will visit his grave.
24:15Suddenly, Azizi,
24:16and I respect Koch a lot,
24:18God bless you, Koch.
24:19God.
24:19Koch will go to Louis's grave,
24:21who was cursing,
24:21and he will put flowers on the grave,
24:23and he will say that these are the flowers of the cave,
24:25like the ones the warriors used to put a long time ago,
24:27and especially for the victors,
24:28like the ones the victors used to put in the old wars.
24:31This is a moment that the French and the Germans remember,
24:33that they are not political enemies.
24:34Simply, they are a few brave doctors,
24:36standing bravely in the face of a brutal epidemic.
24:39And their goal is to save millions of people.
24:41Thuly, at this moment, thought of this.
24:43We are one enemy,
24:44and we have one goal.
24:45So why are we killing each other?
24:46And of course, the epidemic was contained in Egypt.
24:48The French mission will leave in two months.
24:50Otherwise, Koch will not give up.
24:51And with his madness and passion,
24:52he will take his team and go to Calcutta in India,
24:54where the epidemic is in its infancy.
24:56Koch discovered a bacteria in the patient's intestines,
24:59and he needs, as his law states,
25:01to prove the relationship of this bacteria with the disease.
25:04And the most important thing for him is a question.
25:05Why does cholera spread in all its four corners,
25:08like Egypt and India?
25:09Koch will discover that cholera bacteria
25:10are active in the delta,
25:12like the Nile and the Ganges.
25:13What happens is that people throw their garbage in the river,
25:15and then, God forbid,
25:16they wash and drink from the same water.
25:18So, God forbid, they get cholera.
25:20So when he walked behind the warehouses and clothes,
25:21he found it rich in the same bacteria.
25:23So he will immediately order the water to be purified in Calcutta,
25:25and he will transfer his ideas about water purification to Europe,
25:28as a main source of preventing cholera.
25:30The truth, my dear, is that Koch discovered two major epidemics
25:33in the 19th century,
25:34which are cholera and measles.
25:36Pasteur will find the famous rural doctor
25:39turning into a professor of hygiene in the University of Berlin,
25:42and he will be honored by the German consul, Bismarck.
25:44Bismarck, who destroyed Pasteur's country in the war.
25:47Remember? We made an episode about him.
25:48Pasteur, my dear, will find himself needing a re-examination.
25:51A re-examination that is genius,
25:53and in his neighborhood, in his region,
25:55Koch will be the king of discoveries.
25:56And Pasteur here needs to come back as the king of treatments.
25:59Pasteur will decide that his re-examination will be in Rebis,
26:03the treatment of the dog's disease, measles.
26:05Do you think he's a 20-year-old doctor?
26:06Oh, Ahmed, let him work on something that is necessary.
26:08He will work on measles.
26:10He won't work on measles, or cholera,
26:12or joint pain.
26:13Really!
26:13Pasteur, my dear, followed his passion.
26:15He was a dog enthusiast.
26:17Because his rate is normally low,
26:19but the disease takes care of itself
26:21inside the body for up to three months.
26:22After that, horrible symptoms start.
26:24Tremors and nausea until death.
26:26Here, we can't just invent a vaccine that will give us a vaccine.
26:29We can make it and give it to people for a long period of time.
26:31I mean, after the infection.
26:32The concept will be known as
26:33post-infection prophylaxis.
26:35The problem, my dear, this time,
26:37is that Pasteur is dealing with a virus,
26:38not a bacteria.
26:39Viruses are much smaller than bacteria.
26:41At that time, there wasn't an electron microscope
26:44that could sometimes detect viruses.
26:46And that will make the way to double the number of microbes,
26:48so that they can deal with the vaccine after that,
26:49a different way.
26:50Pasteur will remove the animals from the brain,
26:52and dry his spinal cord,
26:54to double the number of microbes.
26:56An experiment that takes years.
26:57Pasteur is a 60-year-old man now.
26:59He can't bear the pain of time anymore.
27:00And who knows,
27:01will he live and see the invention or not?
27:02But one of Pasteur's most famous sayings says,
27:05Fortune favors the prepared mind.
27:07Luck comes to those who are prepared.
27:09And luck will come in July 1885,
27:12when Pasteur's family will meet Joseph Meister,
27:14a child who was bitten by a dog,
27:16and his mother is begging Pasteur to treat him.
27:18Pasteur will convince his mother that his experiment is not confirmed,
27:20and that it's only about his animals.
27:21But his mother says,
27:23My son, time will pass,
27:24so try it, you won't lose anything.
27:26Don't worry, mom.
27:27Leave me alone.
27:28But Pasteur will help the doctor,
27:30Emile Ruxel, I told you about him.
27:31And he'll say,
27:31Doctor, this is crazy.
27:32Because no one is sure,
27:33if the child was bitten by a dog or not.
27:35If he is safe and dead,
27:37this will end your journey of achievements.
27:40With a moral slander,
27:41you can complain about all your achievements.
27:43But dear Pasteur,
27:45he will risk his life.
27:46Because he will remember his children,
27:47who were killed by typhoid,
27:48when he wished to do anything,
27:50or try any means,
27:51to save them.
27:52And he will see in this child, Joseph,
27:53his extension.
27:54Joseph will take 12 doses,
27:56of the weakened microbe.
27:57And the 13th dose,
27:58will be the full dose of the microbe.
28:00Or to be more precise,
28:01the most difficult test in the experiment.
28:03After Pasteur does this,
28:05only one person remains,
28:06waiting for the result of the experiment.
28:07His career,
28:08on the spot,
28:09his history,
28:09can go in a wrong experiment,
28:11or that something happened to him.
28:12His career,
28:13can collapse,
28:14if the experiment failed,
28:15and he died.
28:15Although he will die,
28:17but still,
28:17people have expectations,
28:19from this experiment.
28:20In real life,
28:20what happens is,
28:21that the child,
28:22loses weight.
28:22What?
28:23He loses weight, my dear.
28:24Joseph,
28:24loses weight,
28:25from typhoid,
28:26because of,
28:27what he did,
28:27Pasteur.
28:28Pasteur, my dear,
28:29will turn into a face,
28:30that typhoid patients,
28:32from all over Europe,
28:33will come to him,
28:33to be treated.
28:34God bless you, Mr. Pasteur.
28:35Thank you very much.
28:36I too, Abu Hamad,
28:37will tell my mother,
28:38that if I started with beer and wine,
28:39I will treat the children,
28:40in the end.
28:41After, my dear,
28:4210 years from now,
28:43Pasteur,
28:43will die.
28:44And before his death,
28:44my dear,
28:45in a short time,
28:45he will be denied the honor,
28:47to make sure,
28:48in the last moment of his life,
28:49that his whole life,
28:50was in the service of France,
28:51against Germany.
28:51While,
28:52Koch, on the other hand,
28:53will give Germany,
28:54the greatest pride,
28:55when in 1905,
28:56he wins the Nobel Prize,
28:57for his discovery,
28:58of the bacteria,
28:58of the sun.
28:59This war, my dear,
28:59will not end with death,
29:00or isolation,
29:01no matter,
29:02Pasteur,
29:02or Koch.
29:03But,
29:04it will extend,
29:04to the colonization of the two schools,
29:05which will be called,
29:06the Microbe Hunters.
29:07The Microbe Hunters.
29:08In 1894,
29:10will succeed,
29:10Alexander Yersin,
29:11in discovering,
29:12the bacteria,
29:12that causes typhoid,
29:13the double,
29:14type of typhoid bacteria.
29:16Alexander, my dear,
29:17is the son,
29:17of the French school,
29:18and the one,
29:18who will be,
29:19the father,
29:19of Tessato,
29:20Chibasboro,
29:20who belongs,
29:21to the German Koch School,
29:22the school,
29:23that is better than medicine.
29:24Koch's efforts,
29:25and his students,
29:25during 30 years,
29:26from 1876,
29:27to 1906,
29:28will turn humanity,
29:29from people,
29:30still in doubt,
29:30about the existence of germs,
29:31to discovering,
29:32the bacteria,
29:32that causes,
29:33most of the human diseases.
29:34Like, my dear,
29:35what you see,
29:36in front of you,
29:36this picture.
29:37This is, my dear,
29:37all the diseases,
29:38that Koch,
29:39and his students, discovered.
29:40If you see,
29:40that Koch's diseases,
29:41are old,
29:41then let me tell you,
29:42that Pasteur's principles,
29:43about changing,
29:44the level of the microbes,
29:45and their characteristics,
29:46will be the basis,
29:47of studying,
29:48the newest viruses,
29:49like AIDS,
29:50and SARS.
29:51Pasteur himself,
29:51predicted in his papers,
29:52that humanity,
29:53will face,
29:53more difficult diseases,
29:54in the future,
29:55if this principle,
29:55turns out to be true.
29:56Because some of the microbes,
29:57will be able to change,
29:58from their characteristics,
29:59and move from the animal,
30:00to the human.
30:01Oh, Abu Ahmed,
30:01is this possible?
30:02I'll take you this time,
30:03and take you to 2020.
30:04Ok, I understand,
30:04Abu Ahmed.
30:05No, no, come on,
30:05let's go to 2020, come on.
30:06Yes, dear,
30:07we all saw it,
30:08in the newest diseases.
30:09Well, Abu Ahmed,
30:09the competition,
30:10lost to humanity here.
30:11Honestly, dear,
30:11not exactly.
30:12There are thousands,
30:13who died,
30:13because of Koch,
30:14and Pasteur's enmity.
30:15Let me tell you, dear,
30:15that the acceptance,
30:16of the vaccine,
30:17of the vaccine,
30:17will be delayed a lot,
30:18in Germany.
30:19Why?
30:19Because Pasteur's inventor,
30:20doesn't treat,
30:21French medicine.
30:22Also,
30:22the technology,
30:23the plate technique,
30:23will also be delayed,
30:24in France.
30:25Because its inventor,
30:26is Koch.
30:27We don't learn,
30:28on German doctors.
30:29Every country,
30:29will be delayed,
30:30because it rejects,
30:31its competitor's achievements.
30:32Also,
30:33the German government,
30:33will pressure Koch,
30:34to develop Pasteur,
30:35for rabies vaccine,
30:36to announce,
30:37the discovery,
30:38of a medicine for cancer.
30:38I'm telling you,
30:39you're not going to give us a lecture,
30:40about their diseases.
30:41You're going to give a speech,
30:42and tell me,
30:42there's this disease,
30:43take care of it,
30:44prevention is better than treatment.
30:45This job won't work,
30:46we want to treat people.
30:47Koch, dear,
30:47on the contrary,
30:48in making sure of its results,
30:49will announce a medicine,
30:50for cancer.
30:51Billions, dear,
30:51will hopefully emigrate,
30:52to Berlin,
30:53but the medicine,
30:54will be a failure,
30:55and its results,
30:55will be a disaster,
30:56because,
30:57it wasn't tested safely.
30:59Many, dear,
31:00of the achievements,
31:00that humans enjoy,
31:02were created by enemies.
31:03A series,
31:03of the famous enemies,
31:04you have, for example,
31:05Edison and Tesla,
31:06Newton,
31:06and Robert Hooke,
31:07except,
31:07the leader,
31:08in Koch and Pasteur.
31:09However,
31:09it wasn't a personal enemy,
31:10it was an enemy,
31:11from two countries.
31:11An enemy,
31:12made by a war,
31:13that started with a linguistic error.
31:14In our episode,
31:14about Bismarck,
31:15we talked about,
31:16the emiss-dispatch,
31:17the electricity,
31:17that Bismarck changed,
31:18the construction of one word,
31:19to become,
31:20a diplomatic insult,
31:22to force France,
31:22to fight Germany.
31:23The reason, dear,
31:24that according to a study,
31:25in 2007,
31:25a part of Koch and Pasteur's enemies,
31:27were due to,
31:28linguistic errors,
31:29or simply,
31:30they didn't speak the same language.
31:31This is the reason,
31:32that made many people,
31:33convinced,
31:34that Koch, for example,
31:34didn't mention Pasteur's research,
31:36when he discovered the moon,
31:37because, simply,
31:38the man,
31:38doesn't read very well.
31:39However,
31:40the London conference, for example,
31:41was the first meeting,
31:42for the two men,
31:42that Pasteur,
31:43could barely,
31:44overcome his arrogance,
31:45and thank him,
31:45for Koch's research.
31:47So, the language,
31:47stopped being a barrier,
31:48stopped being a barrier,
31:50in front of this desire,
31:51to develop.
31:51According to the study,
31:52while listening,
31:53to Koch and Pasteur,
31:54in the Geneva conference,
31:54Pasteur will say,
31:55The Cool Almond,
31:56which means,
31:57the collected works of Koch.
31:58While,
31:59the professor,
31:59Ludwig Eichtheim,
32:00who was translating,
32:01in French,
32:02to Koch,
32:02immediately,
32:03will translate it,
32:03The Cool Almond,
32:04which means,
32:05The German Dirt,
32:06and this,
32:07will make Koch,
32:08violent,
32:08and hate Pasteur.
32:09Dear viewers,
32:10the two,
32:10of the greatest human minds,
32:11were able to see,
32:12and fight,
32:13creatures,
32:14that can only be seen,
32:15with a microscope,
32:15and they were united,
32:16on the existence of microbes,
32:17anchoring science,
32:18and its existence,
32:19to the science,
32:19that preceded them.
32:20So, they saw things,
32:20like political disputes,
32:21and linguistic barriers,
32:22much easier things,
32:23to see their dangers,
32:24and their advantages,
32:25without a microscope.
32:26After more than a century,
32:27of competition,
32:28between Koch and Pasteur,
32:28when the coronavirus hit the world,
32:30the race for vaccination,
32:31will become a competition,
32:32between countries,
32:32to reach the political glory.
32:34And as long as,
32:34we were fighting,
32:35to find a faster vaccine,
32:36sometimes,
32:37that was enough,
32:37to surpass it.
32:38For example,
32:39the European Council,
32:39when it announced,
32:40at the beginning of 2021,
32:41vaccines to control,
32:42the outbreak of the vaccine,
32:43which was made,
32:44in the European Union,
32:45this created,
32:45huge regional tensions.
32:47According to Rika Harris,
32:48a professor of nationalism,
32:49at the University of Liverpool,
32:50the state,
32:50gives us a feeling,
32:51of belonging and protection.
32:52But,
32:53viruses,
32:53don't recognize countries.
32:54The coronavirus,
32:55doesn't need to get a visa,
32:56to enter America.
32:57Pasteur and Koch,
32:58will remain,
32:58local symbols,
32:59for their countries,
33:00as they wished.
33:01But,
33:01with time,
33:01millions of Germans,
33:02will be saved,
33:03by Pasteur's science,
33:04and millions of French,
33:05will be saved,
33:06by Koch's science.
33:06And this,
33:07will leave them,
33:07in the end,
33:08in the legacy,
33:08of human medicine,
33:09that crossed borders,
33:10and continents.
33:10And the truth,
33:11is that this religion,
33:11is much greater,
33:12than their narrow struggle.
33:13That's it, my dear.
33:14Finally,
33:14don't forget to watch the previous episode,
33:15watch the next episode,
33:16click on the sources,
33:17and if we're on YouTube,
33:17subscribe to the channel.
33:18Do you know, my dear,
33:19when microbes want to travel,
33:20what do they do?
33:20What, Abu Ahmed?
33:21They go to the passport office,
33:21and look for Pasteur.
33:23That's it!