Get ready to dive into the mind-boggling world of black holes, where some of these cosmic beasts can actually mess with time itself. Yep, you heard that right – they can erase your past! But don't worry, we've got all the juicy details on how this mind-bending phenomenon works and what it means for the universe as we know it. So, grab your popcorn and prepare to have your understanding of time and space turned upside down. Trust us, you won't want to miss this journey into the unknown! Animation is created by Bright Side.
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FunTranscript
00:00If you somehow fell into a black hole, it might change your future and erase your past.
00:06Well, at least theoretically.
00:08Let's start with the real world we live in.
00:10Here on planet Earth, your past can definitely define your future.
00:14But, imagine you're not on Earth, but somewhere out there in the endless universe,
00:19and you stumble upon a certain type of black hole.
00:22The one that a UC Berkeley mathematician found.
00:25Not to mix it with a regular black hole,
00:27let's call this type...
00:29What about a benign black hole, huh?
00:31So here's why you need a specific black hole.
00:34Thing is, you're highly unlikely to stay alive in a regular black hole.
00:39But, according to some calculations made by a postdoctoral fellow,
00:43hence, from UC Berkeley,
00:45this specific type of black holes we agree to call benign ones
00:48might expand at an accelerating rate.
00:51This is what makes it possible to survive the transition
00:54from our deterministic world to a black hole,
00:57which is not deterministic.
01:03Let's imagine you survived that passage,
01:06and now you're moving towards the center of a benign black hole.
01:09It's impossible to picture what's inside,
01:12and if you, as a traveler, could actually get into a black hole,
01:16you'd never be able to communicate to the outer world
01:19what interesting things are hidden in it.
01:21But it's not what interests us for now.
01:23We need to know how to get rid of the past.
01:26Hence, the mathematician you already know
01:29studies non-rotating black holes that have an electric charge.
01:33The most important thing about them
01:35is that besides the event horizon,
01:37they also have the Cauchy horizon.
01:40And here's the point.
01:42The Cauchy horizon is the place
01:44where so-called determinism simply breaks down.
01:47This may sound too scientific,
01:49but let me explain it to you.
01:52The Cauchy horizon is the place
01:54where your past doesn't determine your future any longer.
01:58So, here's a mathematically proven
02:00and apparently working method
02:02of how to get rid of your past.
02:04All you need to do is get into space,
02:06find a specific black hole,
02:08make it to the center,
02:10and get to the Cauchy horizon.
02:12However, if it sounds too complicated,
02:15you can simply try not to make mistakes here on Earth.
02:22Yeah, ideas like
02:24your past gets cancelled,
02:26you have an infinite amount of options
02:28of how your future will evolve.
02:30And all that jazz sounds as unrealistic
02:32as they are appealing.
02:34Like, imagine no one knows you failed
02:36to get into college and get a degree,
02:38but from now on, you have every opportunity
02:40to do whatever you want,
02:42but only theoretically.
02:44In reality, once you get into the black hole,
02:46not that specific one we've already talked about,
02:48you're most likely to disappear
02:50once and for all.
02:52But hey, don't be sad!
02:54I'm only talking about your current physical form.
02:56It's a bit deeper than it might seem.
02:58Thing is, there's a curious principle
03:00of quantum mechanics
03:02that can be explained in a simple way.
03:04For starters,
03:06imagine that you're not a human being,
03:08but just information.
03:10You have your experience, your background,
03:12and your thoughts.
03:14All of these are the information you are.
03:16Now, let's make it even simpler.
03:18Imagine a USB drive or a book.
03:20Both of these things contain information.
03:22If you smash a USB drive
03:24that contains music and movies,
03:26it won't exist anymore
03:28in its physical form,
03:30but the information it had will never stop existing.
03:32Same with the book.
03:34If you burn it, the information it has
03:36doesn't get burned.
03:38It continues to exist,
03:40but in another form.
03:42So, this fun theory claims
03:44that even though someone passes
03:46the horizon of events,
03:48which is a point of no return
03:50before you get spaghettified,
03:52they don't stop existing.
03:54In simple words,
03:56these universe travelers still exist,
03:58but in the form of information.
04:00Now, let's go back to the black holes.
04:02According to Stephen Hawking,
04:04black holes emit radiation.
04:06Radiation makes them shrink,
04:08and with time, I mean much time,
04:10a black hole can shrink so much
04:12that it eventually disappears.
04:14What happens to the astronaut who got entangled
04:16in a black hole if it disappears?
04:18Nope, they won't be ejected from the black hole
04:20in the way they used to exist.
04:22However, they will still be ejected
04:24from there, but in the form
04:26of Hawking radiation.
04:28But it's just a theory.
04:32Right, you remember that
04:34no one knows exactly what happens
04:36in the black hole?
04:38Another theory says that what happens in the black hole
04:40doesn't really stay in the black hole.
04:43Sounds like a good alternative
04:45to Las Vegas if all the flights for the weekends
04:47have been booked.
04:49Some scientists believe that a black hole
04:51might have a portal where you can turn back
04:53time.
04:55According to this theory, there's a white hole
04:57at the end of a black hole.
04:59If you get there, you can undo things.
05:01Like, you broke your mom's favorite vase?
05:03Hop into the white hole and it'll be as good
05:05as new there.
05:07You cooked a scramble and made a fresh orange juice
05:09but somehow lost your appetite?
05:11It's not a problem if you cook it inside a white hole.
05:13Voila!
05:15The eggs are unbroken.
05:17The oranges are uncut and juicy again.
05:19No more food waste.
05:25Alright, turning back time
05:27sounds really cool, so I guess we might actually
05:29need a black hole to help us out.
05:31If a black hole was made in a, let's say,
05:33lab, it could devour
05:35things until it grew big enough to consume
05:37the entire planet.
05:39First, it would munch on the Large Hadron Collider
05:41which might possibly create something
05:43similar to a black hole here on Earth.
05:45Next, Geneva, where the
05:47Large Hadron Collider is located.
05:49Then, the whole country of Switzerland.
05:51Then, Europe. At that point, it wouldn't
05:53be long before the Earth was gone too.
05:55Luckily, if a black hole did appear,
05:57it would be so small that it wouldn't be able
05:59to do anything.
06:01Black holes actually produce a lot
06:03of energy and release it, often as
06:05heat, like a furnace.
06:07That means they will fade away when they run
06:09out of fuel. Even if
06:11a stable, microscopic black hole
06:13was created, it would grow so slowly
06:15that nothing would happen.
06:17Assuming that it survived long enough
06:19to absorb the tiny particles around it,
06:21a black hole of this size would take
06:23super long to get even a pound
06:25of weight. I won't be around then,
06:27but a black hole on Earth could be
06:29a great thing. Even a relatively
06:31small one may emit enough energy
06:33to completely power humanity.
06:37We're talking
06:39a lot about food, huh?
06:41Let's not forget about spaghettification.
06:43The concept is quite
06:45simple, by the way. It's all
06:47about gravity. Imagine
06:49you're playing with chewing gum.
06:51With your force, you could easily stretch
06:53it so instead of a regular piece,
06:55you can get a long and thin one.
06:57The same happens to you.
06:59Black hole force is enough
07:01to stretch you as if you were a piece
07:03of chewing gum.
07:05Gravity holds you tight on one side,
07:07which makes you stretch. You may
07:09wonder, how come you don't get
07:11spaghettified on Earth if there's gravity
07:13too?
07:15Easy peasy. It's just too weak to do that
07:17with you. If you asked a butterfly
07:19to stretch the gum, would it be able
07:21to do that? Not likely.
07:23Their tiny limbs are just too weak.
07:25Same here. The Earth is just
07:27too weak compared to a black hole.
07:29So, if you were wondering whether you'll
07:31ever reach 6'6", it may
07:33never happen on Earth. But once
07:35you're in a black hole, you can go far
07:37beyond those mere 6'6".
07:39Your best hype moment won't
07:41last long though. If you stretch the chewing
07:43gum at one moment, it will simply
07:45tear apart. The same will
07:47happen to you because of
07:49spaghettification.
07:51That's it for today. So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or, if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!