Gigantesca y amenazante, el Tyrannosaurus Rex es probablemente el más famoso de todos los dinosaurio. Sin embargo, los nuevos descubrimientos han demostrado ser incorrecta la descripción anterior del T.Rex como sordo y lento, de hecho, era complejo, dinámico e incluso muy parecido a un ave.
Obtenemos una mirada cercana y personal a la forma en que vivían, desde la forma en anidaban en parejas, al cuidado de sus crías y hasta cómo jugaban juntos. El reinado del T. Rex terminó cuando un asteroide enorme a toda velocidad impactó contra la Tierra diezmando la población de dinosaurios, pero no todos los dinosaurios murieron. Unos pocos supervivientes como el Troodon, un pequeño dinosaurio, parecido a los pájaros y probablemente el dinosaurio más inteligente, sobrevivió, sin embargo, con el tiempo también sucumbió a la catástrofe. Veremos como un Troodon solitario - "el último dinosaurio" - lucha por sobrevivir en un mundo post-apocalíptico. Pero nuestro Troodon en realidad no puede ser el último dinosaurio. Si las aves son sus descendientes, entonces todavía estamos viviendo en la era de los dinosaurios - y el Reinado de los dinosaurio continúa.
Obtenemos una mirada cercana y personal a la forma en que vivían, desde la forma en anidaban en parejas, al cuidado de sus crías y hasta cómo jugaban juntos. El reinado del T. Rex terminó cuando un asteroide enorme a toda velocidad impactó contra la Tierra diezmando la población de dinosaurios, pero no todos los dinosaurios murieron. Unos pocos supervivientes como el Troodon, un pequeño dinosaurio, parecido a los pájaros y probablemente el dinosaurio más inteligente, sobrevivió, sin embargo, con el tiempo también sucumbió a la catástrofe. Veremos como un Troodon solitario - "el último dinosaurio" - lucha por sobrevivir en un mundo post-apocalíptico. Pero nuestro Troodon en realidad no puede ser el último dinosaurio. Si las aves son sus descendientes, entonces todavía estamos viviendo en la era de los dinosaurios - y el Reinado de los dinosaurio continúa.
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03:44DINOSAURS
03:46THE END
04:08Montana
04:10Cretaceous
04:14A pair of T-Rex takes the afternoon off.
04:26The young play, even those of T-Rex.
04:35Like many young animals, they play for a reason.
04:40To perfect their hunting skills.
04:44Leave your comments.
04:46Give a like.
04:48Share with your friends.
04:50And don't forget to subscribe to my channel for more great videos.
04:54Cretaceous
04:56A pair of T-Rex takes the afternoon off.
05:11Dino
06:13The cannibalism fulfills a task and is surprisingly common in many modern species.
06:43It's an exciting time to study dinosaurs.
07:12And among them, the T-Rex is probably the most amazing.
07:16Because we have used more new techniques and carried out more types of studies on it in the last decade than with any other species of dinosaur.
07:27One thing we have learned is that a super predator was more likely to be attacked by another super predator.
07:37Any dinosaur had a hard life.
07:40But a predator like the T-Rex had a more difficult life.
07:44In the fossil record, we find many T-Rex skeletons with fractures.
07:51We can find evidence of this in this humerus of a T-Rex.
07:56We observe serious damage to the entire bone, suggesting that they almost tore off his arm.
08:03Possibly another T-Rex.
08:07It is possible that sometimes the T-Rex was the worst enemy of the T-Rex.
08:23A couple of T-Rex lose their retinas after the cannibal attack of a rival.
08:30But life must go on.
08:44Like most dinosaurs, very few T-Rex reach adulthood.
08:52This mother has not been lucky in her favor.
09:22These T-Rex hunt as a team to get the best advantage possible.
10:20The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:23It is the largest animal in the world.
10:26The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:29The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:32The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:35The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:38The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:41The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:44The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:47The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:50The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:53The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:56The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
10:59The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:02The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:05The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:08The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:11The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:14The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:17The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:20The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:23The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:26The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:29The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:32The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:35The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:38The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:41The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:44The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:47The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:50The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:53The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:56The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
11:59The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:02The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:05The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:08The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:11The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:14The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:17The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:20The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:23The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:26The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:29The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:32The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:35The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:38The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:41The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:44The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:47The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:50The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:53The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:56The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
12:59The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:02The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:05The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:08The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:11The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:14The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:17The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:20The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:23The T-Rex is the largest animal in the world.
13:26Evolution of the dinosaur
13:49We know a lot about its development.
13:51We know that the Tyrannosaurus
13:53had a growth profile similar to that of the human being.
13:56They had a kind of childhood,
13:58they went through a period similar to adolescence,
14:01and they got to be an adult size at the beginning of their twenties.
14:04Most of them probably wouldn't live much longer than their thirties.
14:09Recent discoveries have shown us that the T-Rex was a cannibal.
14:17There are fragments of T-Rex bones
14:19with teeth marks that could only have been made by another T-Rex.
14:23It's a conclusive proof that they fed on other T-Rexes from time to time.
14:31A paleoartist is somebody who recreates
14:34a reasonable assumption of the appearance that a dinosaur may have.
14:38So they work with scientists and study the bones,
14:42where the muscles would go,
14:44what kind of appearance the skin would have,
14:46if it had feathers, other coatings.
14:48Then they put an idea of what it would look like in real life
14:51and also put it in the environment that it actually lived in.
14:54I like to treat dinosaurs as characters.
14:58When I look at a bone, I see not just a creature,
15:01I see someone, and I want to know who that is.
15:03When the average person looks at a dinosaur, a T-Rex,
15:07you know, they see a T-Rex,
15:09but in the many forty-something skeletons of T-Rex
15:12that have been found,
15:14you can actually feel the difference between the skulls,
15:16and you know who is who.
15:18When I look at a fossil,
15:21I want to know who this guy was,
15:23what his life was like.
15:26I want to see the world through his eyes.
15:29Our concept of dinosaurs has changed since I was a child.
15:33You know, now it's common knowledge
15:35that they had to walk in a horizontal position.
15:38Today they look less like lizards and more like birds.
15:42Feathers are totally accepted now.
15:46They're just more interesting, dynamic, visually attractive creatures.
15:52In my lifetime,
15:54dinosaurs have undergone a big overhaul.
15:57There's a lot more genealogy,
15:59how skin may apply,
16:02or how the muscles may have been attached.
16:06And then having this clue that they were related to birds
16:09also gives us a lot more information about their appearance.
16:12So we're going to look at a much more genealogy-backed animal
16:16with a lot more information.
16:29It's hard to imagine a T-Rex worried about his nest,
16:34unless it's part of this dinosaur revolution.
16:39Beginning in the 1980s,
16:41we started finding more and more nests and eggs.
16:44Now we can say with certain confidence
16:47that they looked after their young.
16:50In fact, we have evidence.
16:52In the mid-1990s, in Mongolia,
16:54paleontologists found a skeleton
16:56that's called the oviraptosaurus
16:58sitting on a nest of eggs.
17:00So I think it's a good evidence
17:02that dinosaurs looked after their eggs,
17:04and it's also a good evidence
17:06that they looked after their young.
17:09We know that crocodiles,
17:11who are distant relatives of dinosaurs,
17:13looked after their young,
17:15just like many birds today.
17:17So it's very possible that the Tyrannosaurus
17:19looked after its young.
17:22It seems unlikely that a 6-ton T-Rex
17:25would sit like a bird on a nest of fragile eggs.
17:29It's more likely that it would make a protective cover,
17:33and that was just the beginning of a dangerous journey.
17:37It's very sad to think
17:39that most of the dinosaur babies
17:41were born to die,
17:43and to die when they were really young.
17:46A dinosaur mom would probably
17:48put 10 nests during her life,
17:50and yet in nature,
17:52on average, only one
17:54would reach adulthood for every mother.
17:58Not only the newly hatched young
18:00could be easy prey for predators.
18:02Even incubating the eggs
18:04was a dangerous process.
18:08Montana.
18:1365 million years ago.
18:19Eight years before the impact.
18:29How many more eggs?
18:31More possibilities for survival.
18:43Eggs were easy targets for predators
18:46during the long weeks they stayed in the nest.
18:58But how did they survive?
19:18The nests had to be built
19:20with the materials available.
19:22The forests were plagued with dangers,
19:25like the creatures that would not dare
19:27attack an adult rex,
19:29but who did not have the same reserves
19:31as their young.
19:53The eggs are porous,
19:55which allows the embryo
19:57to breathe through the shell.
19:59If it is submerged in water,
20:01the embryo will die drowned.
20:23The eggs are not only a source of food,
20:26but also a source of life.
20:29The nests were not only a source of food,
20:32but also a source of life.
20:51This terrex has traveled half the way.
20:54But it is still not out of danger.
21:25The terrex has traveled half the way.
21:28But it is still not out of danger.
21:55The terrex has traveled half the way.
21:58But it is still not out of danger.
22:24The terrex has traveled half the way.
22:27But it is still not out of danger.
22:54The terrex has traveled half the way.
22:57But it is still not out of danger.
23:00The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:03But it is still not out of danger.
23:06The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:09But it is still not out of danger.
23:12The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:15But it is still not out of danger.
23:18The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:21But it is still not out of danger.
23:24The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:27But it is still not out of danger.
23:30The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:33But it is still not out of danger.
23:36The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:39But it is still not out of danger.
23:42The terrex has traveled half the way.
23:45But it is still not out of danger.
23:48A NEW LIFE BEGINS
23:58A new life begins.
24:01Just in time to see the end of its world.
24:11If tyrannosaurus rex symbolizes ferocid predator.
24:15This one shared the planet with creatures that did not possess any of those qualities.
24:22Although the sight of the old Ankylosaurus is weak,
24:25its sense of smell is highly developed.
24:30Once it releases the tracks, it is its window to the world.
24:46Ankylosaurus
24:49Ankylosaurus
24:52Ankylosaurus
24:55Ankylosaurus
24:58Ankylosaurus
25:01Ankylosaurus
25:04Ankylosaurus
25:07Ankylosaurus
25:10Ankylosaurus
25:13Ankylosaurus
26:13The T-Rex is now a teenager, but he still has the curiosity of the youngest.
26:43And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
27:13The T-Rex is now a teenager, but he still has the curiosity of the youngest.
27:19And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
27:25And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
27:31And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
27:37The T-Rex is now a teenager, but he still has the curiosity of the youngest.
27:43And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
27:49And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
27:55And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:01The T-Rex is now a teenager, but he still has the curiosity of the youngest.
28:07And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:13And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:19And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:25And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:31And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:37And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:43And this new toy with armor is irresistible.
28:49The asteroid of 10 kilometers wide hit the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula at a speed of 20 kilometers per second,
28:57The asteroid of 10 kilometers wide hit the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula at a speed of 20 kilometers per second,
29:05and left a hole in the earth about 140 kilometers wide and 30 kilometers deep.
29:13and left a hole in the earth about 140 kilometers wide and 30 kilometers deep.
29:19The explosive power was equivalent to a billion Hiroshima bombs.
29:25The impact created megatsunamis, with waves that reached hundreds of meters,
29:31while the hot rubble started fires throughout the northern hemisphere.
29:37The impact caused massive earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
29:43Certainly, anything in the asteroid's path would have been incinerated.
29:49It would have been terrible to be in Zone Zero when that rock fell from the sky.
29:53For animals and plants that were not in the area of the impact,
29:57it would have been a slow and painful death.
30:01The impact would have raised a large amount of ash that would gradually surround the globe.
30:07In a short time, most of the earth would be enveloped in a cloud of dust.
30:13The effect of the impact of that asteroid is the closest the world has been,
30:17and I hope the closest it will ever be, to a nuclear winter,
30:21what scientists predict would be the result of a thermonuclear world war.
30:31NARRATOR
30:3765 million years ago, the earth was enveloped in ash and darkness.
30:43This darkness devastates the cycle of life on the planet,
30:47as the vegetation dies due to the absence of light.
30:51All dinosaurs feed on sunlight.
30:55That sounds strange.
30:57But after all, plants feed on sunlight.
31:01Herbivores feed on plants.
31:03And carnivores feed on herbivores.
31:05If we eliminate sunlight, and you put the planet in the darkness,
31:09and the longer and more transient the darkness goes,
31:13the greater will be the extinction.
31:16The interesting thing about extinctions is that it is the best adapted animals that die first.
31:21If there is a specific animal class, or a plant that you have to eat,
31:25or a specific part of the ecosystem that you have to be in,
31:29and they disappear, you'll be the first to follow that road.
31:33It happened overnight, or in a period of days or weeks,
31:36or it lasted years or thousands of millions of years.
31:39I find it difficult to believe that all the dinosaurs, except the birds,
31:43would have disappeared during that event.
31:45A particular creature could have been one of the last survivors.
31:49So, if we think about the dinosaurs, not to mention the birds,
31:53that were around at the end of the Mesozoic,
31:56who would be most likely to survive longer in the Great Extinction?
32:01I think probably the Troodon.
32:03The Troodon is a very interesting animal.
32:06There are remains from Alaska down to the south of the United States.
32:10It is a strange animal, because its teeth don't tell us if it was totally carnivorous,
32:15and many paleontologists now argue that it probably ate both.
32:19The Troodon has a number of anatomical adaptations
32:23that suggest it could have been adapted to survive after the impact of the asteroid.
32:28First of all, it has big eyes, so it could see in the dark.
32:32Secondly, its teeth suggest that the diet was varied.
32:35And thirdly, it has feathers, so it would be isolated from the cold of the nuclear winter.
32:42One of the great advantages of being warm-blooded
32:44is that you can be active 24 hours a day.
32:47You don't need the sun to get going in the morning.
32:51And if the Troodon was nocturnal,
32:53it's maybe one of the indicators that this animal
32:56possessed elevated metabolic rates,
32:59and that it was almost, if not already, warm-blooded or endothermic.
33:04Of the dinosaurs that were around at the end of the Cretaceous,
33:08I think the Troodon and its close relatives
33:11were the ones that had the highest chance of surviving.
34:09TROODON
34:12TROODON
34:15TROODON
34:18TROODON
34:21TROODON
34:24TROODON
34:27TROODON
34:30TROODON
34:33TROODON
34:36TROODON
34:39TROODON
34:56TROODON
34:59Catastrophe tends to favor indiscrimination
35:02discrimination
35:04and improvisation.
35:24There is evidence that, like penguins and ostriches,
35:28male trodons also participated in the breeding.
35:35It is even possible that they laid the eggs.
35:39But first, there had to be eggs.
35:43These couples are united by life.
35:46Life that is consumed quickly.
35:58The most important thing is to keep the eggs.
36:02And that's what we do.
36:05We don't just keep the eggs.
36:08We keep the life.
36:11We keep the life.
36:14We keep the life.
36:17We keep the life.
36:20We keep the life.
36:24We keep the life.
36:26We keep the life.
36:30We keep the life.
36:34We keep the life.
36:38The female goes in search of food.
36:42The male protects the nest.
36:56The female goes in search of food.
37:02The male protects the nest.
37:08It's a beautiful day.
37:13The male protects the nest.
37:18The female protects the nest.
37:22I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm
37:52doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with
38:22my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my
38:53life, I don't know what I'm doing with my life, I don't know what I'm doing with my
39:00The Troodon was one of the first to be able to accurately measure the size of the brain,
39:06one of the only raptor dinosaurs.
39:10The ratio between the brain and the size of the body is high in the Troodon,
39:14one of the highest ratios among dinosaurs.
39:16Now in the modern world, intelligence is usually associated with the size of the brain in relation to the body,
39:22so if that was applicable to the era of the dinosaurs,
39:25it's likely that the Troodon was one of the smartest we've ever discovered.
39:30By stealing eggs,
39:33taking care of the young,
39:36and hunting,
39:38the Troodon may have shown its intelligence in many ways.
39:43And yet, with all snow for it, the Troodon did not make it.
39:48I personally think it's possible that it was the one that survived the longest,
39:51apart from the birds,
39:53but sadly, the Troodon no longer exists.
40:01The day is over for the dinosaurs,
40:04but there are still a few hours of night ahead.
40:11The ancient rulers of the planet are now frozen corpses.
40:23The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
41:23The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
41:54The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:00The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:06The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:12The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:18The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:24The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:30The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:36The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:42The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:49The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
42:55The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
43:01The last dinosaurs try to survive in a perpetual winter.
43:07We've seen many things in the dinosaur revolution.
43:12One of the biggest discoveries is that these dinosaurs survived
43:16one of the worst accidents in the world,
43:19and these were the birds.
43:21And so, in that sense, the dinosaurs are not extinct.
43:25We eat them as a show of gratitude.
43:27And so, they're still around us.
43:30By any measure, the history of the dinosaurs is a success story.
43:36We think that because we're here right now, that we're the best.
43:40But that's criticizing our great-grandparents,
43:43because they're not here anymore, and you are.
43:47Everything dies over time.
43:51Do you understand?
43:54Eventually, yeah.