Les Découvertes Effroyables de l’Antarctique Cachées Sous la Glace

Sympa

L'Antarctique est comme un gigantesque mystère glacé, cachant d'incroyables secrets sous toute cette glace ! 🧊 Les scientifiques ont découvert d'immenses lacs et rivières s'écoulant sous la calotte glaciaire, ce qui est époustouflant car on pourrait penser qu'il fait trop froid pour de l'eau liquide. Ils ont également trouvé des fossiles de plantes et d'animaux anciens, prouvant que l'Antarctique était autrefois chaud et luxuriant, comme une jungle préhistorique. Plus surprenantes encore sont les chaînes de montagnes cachées, aussi grandes que les Alpes, enfouies profondément sous la glace. 🏔️ Ensuite, il y a la partie effrayante — des traces de bactéries et de microbes anciens, gelés depuis des millions d'années, encore vivants et attendant d'être étudiés. Qui sait ce qui se cache encore là-dessous ? L'Antarctique est un coffre au trésor glacé de surprises, et les scientifiques commencent à peine à l'ouvrir. 🌎  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Look at these vast coniferous forests and this greenish tundra, a real enchantment.

00:06You could easily think it's Canada, but you're wrong.

00:10We're talking about Antarctica, as it existed 34 million years ago.

00:15So, how did this place become the frozen desert we know today?

00:20It appears that a combination of the fall of carbon dioxide concentrations

00:24and major tectonic upheavals profoundly transformed this ancient ice-free paradise into a frozen continent.

00:31About 50 million years ago, CO2 levels reached impressive peaks,

00:37oscillating between 1,000 and 2,000 parts per million.

00:40However, as these concentrations decreased, global temperatures followed,

00:45thus opening the way for the formation of the vast ice caps that dominate Antarctica today.

00:51While CO2 levels were collapsing, tectonic activity also played a role.

00:56The gradual separation between South America and Antarctica gave birth to the passage of Drake,

01:02facilitating the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.

01:05This powerful current acted as a barrier, preventing hot air and ocean currents from entering this region

01:12and helping to maintain a particularly cold climate.

01:15If you confuse Australia and Antarctica, it's not that absurd.

01:19These two continents once formed a single terrestrial mass.

01:22However, confusing Australia with Australia is much more problematic.

01:26And to cut a long story short to rumors and Internet jokes,

01:29no, there is no assistance service in Austria intended for those who thought they were going to Australia.

01:35Admire this splendid Australian pink beach.

01:38It is not only beautiful, it is literally precious.

01:42These intriguing pink sandstones are actually made of grenades.

01:47A precious stone commonly used in jewelry.

01:50After analyzing this sandstone, geologists discovered that the grenades it contained

01:55were older than the surrounding mountains.

01:58Does this seem paradoxical?

02:00In reality, everything is explained.

02:02Australia has not always been the isolated continent we know today.

02:06Tens of millions of years ago, Australia and Antarctica were one part of the supercontinent of Gondwana.

02:13Glacial erosion released grenades, which ended up on this beach.

02:18These sands formed at a time when southern Australia was flat and subjected to a cool climate,

02:24long before the mountains emerged.

02:26If most of the grenades are usually carried away,

02:29they have a rich history dating back to the glacial rocks of the transantarctic chain.

02:34In short, this pink sandstone comes from an old mountain chain buried under the ice of Antarctica.

02:40Not only does the ice of Antarctica contain precious stones like the grenade,

02:45but by looking closer, you could even discover entire buildings.

02:49It may seem insane, but this is precisely what a British explorer named Chris Brown did,

02:55who created an entire structure under the ice.

02:59During an expedition to the pole of inaccessibility, everything had started badly.

03:04Chris and his son had a plane breakdown.

03:07It was then that they spotted a Lenin bust emerging from the snow.

03:11This place turned out to be an old weather station.

03:15Despite the glacial temperatures, Chris and his son Micah enjoyed exploring this unique place.

03:21Chris set a bold goal, to conquer the seven poles of terrestrial inaccessibility.

03:27So far, he has already reached five.

03:30You probably already know that Antarctica is the largest desert on the planet,

03:34much larger than the Sahara or the Gobi.

03:37However, despite its extreme aridity, this continent is home to a cascade that is at least strange.

03:43Located in the dry valleys of McMurdo, this waterfall, five stories high,

03:48gives the impression of pouring hemoglobin.

03:51This fascinating phenomenon also bears the evocative name of the blood falls.

03:56Although this muddy waterfall may seem strange, even disturbing, its origin is easily explained.

04:02The water that feeds this phenomenon was originally a salty lake,

04:06but it was gradually isolated from the outside world by the formation of glaciers.

04:11Today, this millenary water rests about 400 meters below the surface

04:16and has reached a salinity three times higher than that of the ocean.

04:20Charged with iron, it receives neither oxygen nor light.

04:24When it infiltrates through a crack in the glacier and comes into contact with the air,

04:29the iron oxidizes, giving the water its dark red tint, similar to that of rust.

04:33It is often believed that no insect species lives in Antarctica.

04:37However, this is not entirely true, because a tiny fly known as Belgica antarctica has chosen its home.

04:45In addition, there are also some spiders.

04:48These spiders are not the ones you find nestled in the dark corners of your house.

04:52These are marine creatures that live in the icy darkness of the depths of the Antarctic Ocean.

04:58These amazing arthropods can reach a width of about 50 centimeters.

05:03As if their size was not already impressive, they also breathe thanks to small openings located in their legs.

05:10If you are asked what color you associate with Antarctica, you will probably think of white, just like me.

05:15However, this icy continent can sometimes evoke a slice of watermelon.

05:20This colored snow owes its appearance to a robust microalgae called Clamidomonas nivalis.

05:26During the summer months in Antarctica, when temperatures rise,

05:30these algae release spores with brilliant shades of red and green,

05:35giving the snow vivid and surprising colors.

05:39However, it is preferable not to approach it,

05:42because this snow, although fascinating, is also toxic and absolutely unsuitable for consumption.

05:48The search for fossils is always exciting.

05:51But when it is done in one of the most isolated places on the planet, the adventure becomes even more exciting.

05:57A team of multidisciplinary scientists recently made an exceptional discovery,

06:02bringing more than a ton of fossils of ancient marine life,

06:06dinosaurs and birds dating from the period of the upper Cretaceous, about 71 million years ago.

06:13Their journey began with a flight to South America,

06:16followed by a five-day crossing of the dreaded Drake Pass.

06:20Once in Antarctica, they set up their camp using helicopters and pneumatic boats.

06:26You may be wondering, why look for fossils in Antarctica, despite the omnipresent ice?

06:32In fact, some areas reveal rocky outcrops depending on the season.

06:37The team went to the island of James Ross, located on the Antarctic peninsula.

06:42During the months of February and March,

06:44it is a summer period when the rocks of this region, sometimes dating from the era of dinosaurs, are exposed.

06:51The expedition bore fruit with the discovery of more than a ton of remarkable fossils.

06:57The specimens were first transported to Chile,

07:00before arriving at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh.

07:04Among these discoveries, fossils dating from about 71 million to 67 million years,

07:10including snails, plumes and various marine creatures,

07:14testify to the richness of this ancient heritage.

07:17Look at this intriguing marine green.

07:19One might imagine that he would live in Los Angeles and become the star of a horror movie,

07:24but he prefers the icy waters of the Australian Ocean, near Antarctica.

07:29These impressive greens can reach up to 20 cm long and 10 cm wide.

07:36However, their terrifying and misleading appearance,

07:39studies show that they play an essential role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.

07:45As for their heads, do not be mistaken.

07:47It is only a retractable gorge, provided with teeth, that allows them to feed effectively.

07:53Antarctica is full of unusual and somewhat frightening creatures.

07:57Let us introduce you to the Promacocrinus fragarius.

08:00Unlike Patrick de Bob l'Esponge, it looks more like an abyssal creature worthy of a horror movie.

08:06Imagine, 20 sinuous arms.

08:09Some reach up to 20 cm, adorned with strange little bumps.

08:13Enough to give shivers, right?

08:15In 2014, researchers buried 34 seismographs under the snow of the huge ice platform of Ross,

08:22a real ice plate the size of Texas, floating on the Australian Ocean.

08:27These ingenious devices have captured an almost constant turbulence.

08:31Although these sounds, at a very low frequency, escape human hearing,

08:35scientists have managed to make them audible,

08:38and they even shared this strange online recording.

08:42A glaciologist from the University of Chicago explains that if this turbulence was perceptible by our ears,

08:48it would evoke a swarm of grasshoppers invading a garden in the middle of summer.

08:53However, these experts in glaciers were not looking for mysterious sounds,

08:57but were monitoring the barrier of Ross,

08:59because global warming melts the ice at a disturbing speed,

09:03even faster than a sorbet under the summer sun.

09:06Ice platforms play a crucial role, a bit like safety caps,

09:11preventing huge masses of ice from plunging into the ocean.

09:14But then, where does this incessant noise come from?

09:17It is probably caused by powerful winds sweeping the frozen dunes,

09:21thus generating natural vibrations.

Category

Transcript

Recommended