As-tu entendu parler de ces cercles étranges sur Mars ? Les scientifiques de la NASA ont été complètement stupéfaits lorsqu'ils les ont découverts. Ce ne sont pas juste des formes aléatoires—il se passe quelque chose de vraiment mystérieux. Personne ne s'attendait à trouver quelque chose comme ça, et ça fait beaucoup de bruit. Si tu es intéressé par l'espace, c'est certainement quelque chose que tu voudras vérifier. Qui sait, cela pourrait changer ce que nous pensons savoir sur la planète rouge ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
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https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
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FunTranscript
00:00NASA has created a super rover called Curiosity
00:04and sent it to Mars to discover everything the red planet has to offer
00:08because it may become our next home.
00:12Curiosity explores the surface of Mars,
00:15takes measurements and collects data for more than 10 years, 2011.
00:20And this good old Curiosity fell on interesting rocks
00:23crushed by the waves in a region of the Martian surface
00:26that was thought to be much more arid.
00:29Scientists think that this area was in fact the bed of a lake.
00:34It could indeed be the bottom of a dried up lake
00:37with all the sediments and other elements that have accumulated there.
00:41All this can give us important clues about the history of the lake.
00:45For example, the types of organisms that were able to live there,
00:49its depth, its lifetime, etc.
00:53These striated patterns formed by the waves
00:56indicate that these rocks were able to form at a time
00:59when strong winds were blowing strongly on the waters of this ancient lake.
01:04Do you know this particular sound you hear when you wear a shell on your ear?
01:09It is due to the way the air is trapped inside the shell
01:13and its friction against the walls of it.
01:16The air unable to escape, it vibrates at frequencies
01:19that depend on the size of the shell.
01:22And yes, you have the impression of hearing the sound of the waves
01:26crashing on a shoreline.
01:28And now I imagine Mars,
01:30a place where we can still hear the sound of the waves
01:33hitting the shores of huge mysterious lakes
01:36that have disappeared for a long time.
01:39During its mission,
01:41Curiosity also encountered a metallic object
01:44that turned out to be a meteorite.
01:47This strange rock from space
01:49is made up of nickel and iron.
01:52It is called Kakao.
01:54It is the size of a small car, 2 meters long,
01:57and weighs more than a ton.
02:00This is an important discovery,
02:02because it is rare to find metallic objects on the surface of Mars.
02:06Most of the rocks are made up of basalt
02:09or other volcanic materials.
02:12This piece of metal could therefore teach us more about the history of Mars
02:16and how the planet was formed.
02:19In addition, it is quite remarkable.
02:22The surface of Mars is red because of the oxides,
02:25while Kakao has a dark gray metallic appearance.
02:28It is also rounded and smooth,
02:30which means that it has crossed the atmosphere of Mars.
02:33Other robots have explored Mars.
02:36For example, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, or MRO,
02:40of NASA, discovered circular sand dunes.
02:44Sand dunes are very common on the red planet.
02:47They appear in different shapes and sizes.
02:50But these circular dunes are much rarer.
02:54They are made up of dark sand
02:57and are surrounded by lighter materials.
03:00What is interesting
03:02is that they are arranged according to a specific pattern,
03:05like the rays of a wheel.
03:08This could be due to the way the winds blow at this place.
03:12But let's go back to our friend Curiosity.
03:15It has discovered many other interesting things,
03:18such as oxygen levels in the atmosphere of the planet, for example.
03:22The levels change depending on the seasons.
03:25There is more oxygen in spring and summer.
03:28We do not yet know why.
03:30But of course, these levels are still insufficient for us to breathe on Mars.
03:34The oxygen concentration there is 0.1%,
03:37which is about 100 times less than in the Earth's atmosphere.
03:41The atmosphere of Mars is mainly composed of carbon dioxide,
03:45with traces of other gases.
03:48Curiosity has also decided to analyze the age of the discovered rocks.
03:52And it seems that they are much older than we thought.
03:57Some date back more than 3 billion years.
04:00Our rover has also found organic molecules in soil samples.
04:05These molecules are in fact the constitutive elements of life.
04:09This does not prove that there is actually life on Mars.
04:12It is simply one of the elements that suggests
04:15that there could have been a form of life there a long time ago.
04:19Curiosity has uncovered potential evidence
04:22of the existence of a large reservoir of liquid water under the southern polar cap.
04:27Probably very salty and filled with different minerals.
04:31This high salinity is the reason why this water
04:34could remain liquid at much lower temperatures at the freezing point.
04:38It would be nice to have an underground ocean in which to swim,
04:42especially when these crazy Martian winds are raging on the surface.
04:47And it would be great to have something that would protect us
04:50from the levels of radiation emitted on the red planet.
04:54Martian soil contains chemicals and toxic salts
04:58that can be very harmful to humans.
05:01Astronauts could be exposed to these toxic substances,
05:06either by direct contact with the ground
05:09or by inhaling dust containing these salts.
05:12In addition, these substances could pose a problem for cultures.
05:17This is a very important discovery for future missions on Mars,
05:21because astronauts will have to be able to grow their own food to survive.
05:27Another element favorable to the idea of a potential life on Mars
05:31is the discovery of methane.
05:33Methane is a very important discovery because,
05:36usually, it is the living organisms that produce it.
05:40Without them, where could it come from?
05:44In reality, there are several possible explanations.
05:48For example, there is the geological activity of underground reservoirs.
05:52Another idea is that meteorites would have brought this methane to the red planet.
05:57Interestingly, the levels of methane are higher in certain areas.
06:02I do not know what it is for you,
06:04but I like the theory that methane would come from living organisms.
06:09It is possible that the volcanoes of Mars are still active.
06:13We know that there are many volcanoes extinguished on the red planet,
06:17but we have never found enough evidence
06:20to affirm that some of them are still alive.
06:24Scientists have studied volcanic deposits
06:27and have discovered that some volcanoes could have erupted about 5,000 years ago.
06:32Previously, everyone thought that the last eruption
06:35occurred 3 to 4 billion years ago.
06:38If we could compress the geological history of Mars in a single day,
06:43it would be equivalent to an eruption that occurred a second ago.
06:47So, we never know.
06:49The magma is still boiling secretly under the Martian surface.
06:53Future generations coming to build colonies there would really have fun.
06:59But Mars is a cold and sterile place on which life is no longer possible.
07:03And one of the main reasons is the loss of its atmosphere.
07:07The red planet used to have a much thicker atmosphere,
07:11similar to that of Earth.
07:13This phenomenon is largely explained by the relative weakness of its magnetic field.
07:18The Earth's magnetic field protects our atmosphere from solar wind,
07:22a flow of charged particles from our beautiful star.
07:26Without a powerful magnetic field,
07:29Mars could not protect itself from this devastating force
07:32which ended up taking up most of its atmosphere.
07:36Another factor that played an important role in the loss of Mars' atmosphere
07:40is its relatively low gravity.
07:43Mars' gravity being lower than Earth's,
07:46gas molecules escape more easily into space.
07:50Mars was therefore quite close to our planet at a certain time.
07:54But with its thin atmosphere, it cannot keep the heat,
07:58which makes it very cold and very difficult to explore for us.
08:03But it may be a good thing that we did not have the opportunity
08:06to visit the red planet at its beautiful time.
08:09It is said that a huge flood would have taken place there.
08:13Yes, Mars was probably more humid and more hospitable than it is today.
08:19With beautiful rivers and magnificent lakes,
08:22springs and other springs of water.
08:25Some research has also highlighted the existence of large canals
08:29dug at the surface of the planet.
08:32These canals are much larger than all those we have been able to discover in the past.
08:36It is suggested that this great flood occurred billions of years ago.
08:41It may have been caused by different phenomena,
08:44such as volcanic activity,
08:46melting of glaciers,
08:48and the release of carbon dioxide by terrestrial crust.
08:52This flood may even have created temporary water expanses.
08:56Let's hope that we will find more clues about the presence of microbial life traces.
09:01It would still be nice.