Et si je vous disais qu'il pourrait y avoir eu des civilisations avancées sur Terre bien avant celles que nous connaissons ? 🌍🏛️ Certains scientifiques et historiens croient qu'il existe des preuves suggérant l'existence de sociétés incroyables qui auraient vécu il y a des dizaines de milliers — voire des millions — d'années. Des structures anciennes étranges qui semblent trop avancées pour leur époque aux artefacts mystérieux qui ne s'inscrivent pas dans nos livres d'histoire, les indices sont époustouflants. Ces civilisations perdues auraient-elles pu être anéanties par d'énormes cataclysmes, ne laissant derrière elles que des fragments de leurs histoires ? 🌋🌊 Certains pensent que les mythes de l'Atlantide et d'autres lieux légendaires pourraient en réalité être basés sur des événements réels. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Let's suppose that another species, humanoid or delphinoid, could have existed millions of years ago.
00:07How to find its trace?
00:09In an episode of Doctor Who, it was a question of a non-human industrial civilization that had existed on Earth long before us.
00:16These reptiles, called Silurians, were forced to sink into the depths of the Earth following a catastrophic rise in temperatures.
00:25They survived for centuries.
00:27This is what prompted scientists to create the Silurian hypothesis.
00:31If there was an advanced civilization before ours, we should find traces of it somewhere.
00:37Well, let's try.
00:39The climatologist Gavin Schmidt and the astrophysicist Adam Frank decided to look into the matter.
00:45Any technologically advanced civilization is empty of energy.
00:49These scientists therefore seek global effects that would leave an important trace.
00:54For example, traces of large-scale industrial processes, such as factories and factories, and their residues.
01:01Then comes the question of the lifespan of these civilizations.
01:04If they have existed for a long time, we should look for sustainable signs,
01:09such as fossil fuel residues, massive extinctions, non-present synthetic chemical substances in nature,
01:17and even traces of nuclear fission.
01:19In fact, we should look for all the things that man leaves behind today as proof of his activities.
01:25Unfortunately, these proofs are not so easy to find.
01:29Let's imagine a worrying scenario.
01:31Humanity suddenly disappears.
01:34Even if we feel that we have brought a lot of change to our planet,
01:38a future civilization, in millions of years, would have a hard time finding traces of our existence.
01:45Why? Our planet has existed for 4 or 5 billion years.
01:50Complex life on Earth has existed for more than 400 million years.
01:54In comparison, our industrial period lasted only about 300 years,
01:58and we still have not left any significant traces.
02:01Our archives on the history of the Earth are full of gaps, especially if we go back very far.
02:07The fossil record contains only a few elements.
02:10It is very selective and incomplete.
02:12On average, a fossil appears every 10,000 years.
02:15And dinosaur footprints are even rarer.
02:18The mountains rise, the oceans change,
02:21and the tectonics of the plates can easily erase traces of entire civilizations.
02:25After a few million years, there is a good chance that any physical sign of a civilization has disappeared.
02:31To find at least something,
02:33we must look for elements such as abnormal sedimentary configurations or unusual isotopic rates.
02:40In addition, fossils are mainly formed in water,
02:43which prevents us from knowing what was the destiny of terrestrial creatures.
02:48Thus, even if a technologically advanced society existed millions of years ago,
02:53and even if it was much more advanced than ours,
02:55we would have a hard time finding clues to its activity.
02:59Frank and Schmidt tried to understand how we could hope to find traces of it.
03:04The discovery of real cities would be the ultimate proof of the existence of a Silurian-type civilization on Earth.
03:10But Adam Frank is not very optimistic.
03:13Even today, our cities represent less than 3% of the surface of the globe.
03:18It is therefore easy to pass by ruins of old cities.
03:21The survival of a city over tens of millions of years depends on the level of erosion of the land around it.
03:27It can either be trapped in the rock, or be eroded by rain and wind.
03:32Thus, places such as the French neighborhood of New Orleans
03:36are more likely to appear in geological archives than, for example, the neighborhood of Haight-Ashbury in San Francisco.
03:43As for the discovery of ancient objects, chances are also quite slim.
03:48No prehistoric iPhone would survive for millions of years, whatever its material.
03:53Finding fossilized remains is perhaps a little more likely, but it remains problematic.
03:58Given that modern man has only existed for a hundred thousand years,
04:02it is quite possible that we simply do not see the traces of an older and more advanced species.
04:08But everything is not hopeless.
04:10We could find these traces in the rocks.
04:12Our current chaotic era could leave a mark on the geological history of the Earth.
04:17Especially since we are living a PETM 2.0.
04:21I will come back to this in a moment.
04:23Researchers are therefore trying to study the changes in the carbon cycle.
04:27Since the 18th century, human activity generates a large amount of fossil carbon.
04:32It results in a particular mark in the isotopic ratio of carbon.
04:36A kind of signature that shows the difference between the carbon present in living beings, such as shells,
04:42and the carbon present in lifeless volcanic rocks.
04:45Scientists are also trying to identify clues in the arrangement of sediments.
04:50The presence of large coastal deltas may mean that artificial rivers
04:55were once dug by the inhabitants of a hypothetical civilization.
04:59Traces of nitrogen can suggest a large-scale agriculture, where a lot of fertilizers were used.
05:05Peaks of metal concentrations in the sediments could reveal the presence of rejection from heavy industry.
05:11Of course, a single discovery of this type would teach us nothing.
05:15According to Mr. Schmidt, it is necessary to look for several signs at the same time.
05:19In the absence of unquestionable artifacts,
05:21the unique character of an event can only be demonstrated by a variety of clues,
05:26and not by a series of changes related to a single cause.
05:29In their search for Silurian-type clues, scientists even decided to examine the Moon.
05:35Some astronomers are surprised that no one has ever thought about the matter.
05:39They even joked about the possibility that dinosaurs could have built rockets
05:44and left traces on the Moon or other celestial bodies.
05:47These astronomers think that planets similar to Earth tend to erase traces of civilization on their surface.
05:54They therefore explore the idea that these hypothetical beings were able to travel in space.
06:00In this case, traces of their technology, called technosignatures,
06:05could be found not only on our Moon, but also on asteroids, or even buried on Mars.
06:11There, they could last for millions, or even billions of years.
06:16Unfortunately, until now, although they have studied the past 380 million years
06:22and examined all abnormal events,
06:24researchers have not found any obvious traces of a technological civilization.
06:29But they do not give up.
06:31Frank calls on us to continue the research.
06:34For example, we could study how modern industrial chemical products
06:38are preserved in oceanic sediments.
06:41This could help us identify similar chemical traces in the history of the Earth.
06:45If there are no traces, why give so much trouble?
06:48These researches are based on the recent articles of Schmitt and Frank.
06:52They looked at the Anthropocene.
06:54This is the period dominated by human activities on Earth.
06:58It is filled with what we call hyperthermia.
07:02These are prehistoric events during which temperatures on Earth
07:06have increased strongly over a relatively short period.
07:10Some kind of extreme heat waves of the past.
07:13The maximum thermal of the Paleocene-Eocene or PETM passage is a good example.
07:20This phenomenon, which occurred about 55 million years ago,
07:25resulted in a rapid rise in global temperatures.
07:28In the space of 200,000 years, the average temperature on Earth
07:32went from about 12.8 to 10 degrees Celsius.
07:37We study these hyperthermias to understand how they occurred,
07:41whether they are due to natural causes or to human activities.
07:45And they are therefore at the origin of Frank and Schmitt's research.
07:49To study them, scientists began to examine the chemical signs
07:53and their different traces in the rocks.
07:56Doing so, Schmitt and Frank discovered strange parallels
07:59between all the current climate problems
08:02and the past periods of rapid temperature changes.
08:05There is a great similarity between PETM and other hyperthermal events.
08:11All these studies do not only aim to solve a historical mystery.
08:15Understanding our impact on the environment
08:18can help us find better ways to live in harmony with the planet
08:21and avoid disappearing as a species.
08:24Our milky way is full of planets that could be conducive to life.
08:28But we do not know if there are other civilizations.
08:31The Earth is the only place we know where living beings live.
08:35About 200 years ago,
08:37we wondered if there was no civilization on Mars.
08:41At the time, it was a real question.
08:43But once our space probes sent us photos,
08:46we found that there was no proof of the existence of an extraterrestrial civilization.
08:51And we went a little too far.
08:53Today, this question is no longer considered a serious scientific subject.
08:57It is even a little ridiculous.
08:59But no one has yet set clear limits
09:01to what could have happened on our own planet a very long time ago.
09:05Even we have no proof.
09:07We should not ignore this possibility.
09:09Let us not forget that humanity has taken time to identify the dinosaurs.
09:13The Silurians may be patiently waiting for their time.