Quelle Est La Durée Réelle D'un Voyage Vers Jupiter ?

Sympa

Un voyage vers Jupiter n'est pas votre excursion routière typique : c'est un périple à travers des millions de kilomètres de l'espace ! Si vous montiez à bord d'un vaisseau spatial comme le Juno de la NASA, qui a été lancé en 2011, il vous faudrait environ 5 ans pour atteindre la géante gazeuse. Mais le timing dépend de la vitesse du vaisseau spatial et de la route qu'il emprunte, utilisant souvent des frondes gravitationnelles autour d'autres planètes pour économiser du carburant. Jupiter se trouve à environ 365 millions de kilomètres de la Terre à sa plus grande proximité, mais les distances changent car les deux planètes sont toujours en mouvement. Bien que nous ne puissions pas visiter la surface de Jupiter (elle n'en a pas — c'est principalement du gaz !), explorer ses lunes et son atmosphère est encore très passionnant. Alors, armez-vous de patience, car se rendre à Jupiter est un marathon, et non un sprint !  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00We could believe that the best way to get to a planet from Earth is to wait patiently for it to get as close as possible.

00:08Yes, here it is, and take off on a rocket oriented towards it.

00:12Great, hi mom, see you later.

00:14But why didn't this method work?

00:19First of all, planets, including ours, move constantly on their elliptical orbit at a speed of several tens of kilometers per second.

00:28Your rocket would therefore need to be placed on an elliptical orbit, wouldn't it?

00:32It's a bit like aiming at a moving target with an arrow or organizing a surprise party for a friend.

00:38You wouldn't want to shout surprise at the wrong time.

00:42Likewise, when we send space vehicles to other planets, we want to use as little energy as possible.

00:49And to reach any planet in the simplest way, you need a special trick called Hohmann transfer orbit.

00:58Let's imagine that you want to go to Mars.

01:01You have to wait for Earth and the red planet to be in the right position so as not to get lost or run out of fuel halfway.

01:09A trip using a transfer orbit would take about 259 days.

01:15Indeed, the transfer orbit between Earth and Mars takes 517 days, and the trip to Mars corresponds to half of this orbit.

01:27But couldn't we travel faster?

01:29Yes, but that would require a lot more fuel, which would complicate the launch because the rocket would be too heavy.

01:36In fact, it would be a bit like a dog biting its tail.

01:40If you could travel at the speed of light, the trip would take you 12.5 minutes.

01:46In addition, when your rocket finally reaches the other planet, it must still slow down to get into orbit around it or to land on its surface.

01:55This means that it will use even more energy, even if there are ways to save a little.

02:00For example, by using parachutes or the aerodynamic braking system.

02:05It's a bit like skateboarding and you have to stop.

02:09You wouldn't crash into a wall, you would use your foot or something else to slow down gradually.

02:17Travelling to Venus is a bit faster.

02:19It would take you about 146 days.

02:22It's not that bad, but the problem is that you would have to wait about 2 years before coming back to Earth.

02:29Indeed, the planets must be properly aligned so that the spacecraft can reach Earth's orbit.

02:36In total, a return trip to Venus would take about 2 years and a month, waiting time included.

02:43And this waiting time would not be very pleasant, since it is the warmest planet in our solar system.

02:50Let's say you wanted to go to Jupiter.

02:54How long will it take?

02:56It depends on a lot of things, especially its position.

02:59In addition, at what speed would you travel?

03:02If you want to use the best of current technology,

03:05know that it took a little more than a year for the fastest spacecraft ever built, New Horizons of NASA, to reach Jupiter.

03:13But don't forget that the New Horizons mission was just a simple overflight.

03:18The probe did not orbit around Jupiter.

03:21If you wanted to stay in orbit and explore Jupiter up close, it would take much longer.

03:27So it's certainly not a weekend trip.

03:32With the transfer of Oman, it would take you several years to reach Jupiter.

03:37Indeed, the transfer of Oman consists of transferring an object from one orbit to another.

03:42Jupiter is on an orbit higher than that of our planet.

03:45Thus, to make the transfer, your rocket will have to take a trajectory that will lead it to exceed the orbit of our gas giant.

03:53The rocket must therefore accelerate when it approaches Jupiter to avoid falling back to the sun,

03:58then slow down when it exceeds Jupiter to avoid flying into space.

04:03It's a bit like when a car accelerates to climb a hill and slows down to go down the other side.

04:10This is how the probe uses Jupiter's gravity to get into orbit around this planet.

04:17It is difficult to determine the exact distance between Jupiter and Earth.

04:21They both rotate around the sun following different oval trajectories.

04:26Sometimes they are very close to each other, and sometimes they are very far away.

04:31In short, they constantly play with cats and mice.

04:34But on average, they are 714 million kilometers from each other.

04:38When Jupiter is at its maximum distance from Earth, it is at 967 million kilometers.

04:45That's 24,000 times the Earth's circumference.

04:48But if you could go to Jupiter at the speed of light, you would get there in about 40 minutes.

04:54There is a very fast spacecraft that we must talk about.

04:57The Parker Solar Probe.

04:59Imagine that you are on Russian mountains that move at incredible speeds, and even difficult to conceive.

05:07These Russian mountains would actually be our Parker Solar Probe,

05:11which is getting closer and closer to the sun, beating speed records.

05:16During its 10th flight over the sun in November 2021,

05:21the Parker Solar Probe managed to reach a maximum speed of 586,000 kilometers per hour.

05:29This is equivalent to going around the Earth in just a few minutes.

05:33And listen carefully.

05:34When the spacecraft in question gets even closer to the sun in December 2024,

05:40it should reach a speed of 690,000 kilometers per hour.

05:44So it's better to eat light before embarking on such a trip.

05:48Imagine that you are aboard the Parker Solar Probe,

05:52and that you wish to make a detour to visit Jupiter.

05:56If you could travel in a straight line at the same speed as this probe during its 10th flight,

06:01it would only take you 42 days to reach Jupiter when its orbit is close to ours.

06:07At an average distance, it would take about 51 days.

06:11You must also take into account the duration of your trip.

06:15Your rocket can arrive on a planet in two ways.

06:18Either by orbiting around the planet, or by flying over it very quickly.

06:22If the spacecraft is to go into orbit, it must slow down as it approaches the planet.

06:28Imagine that it is gripped by the gravity of the planet,

06:31and that it begins to rotate around it.

06:33It is therefore better to slow down upon arrival.

06:35This means that you have to burn a lot of additional fuel,

06:39and this makes the trip longer.

06:41Here's something interesting.

06:43To travel faster, we can use what is called gravitational assistance.

06:48This means that we use the gravity of the planets and other objects in space

06:52to give us a little push and accelerate our precious rocket.

06:56This is how the traveled probes were able to reach Saturn and beyond.

07:01But even with gravitational assistance,

07:04it still takes a lot of time to travel to other stars.

07:08For example, the closest star to us is Proxima Centauri,

07:12and it is 4.2 light years away.

07:15Let's now change methods to compare with the previous examples.

07:20If we traveled at the same speed as Traveler U,

07:23it would take us 75,000 years to reach it.

07:26If you prefer to go to Uranus,

07:29know that the distance can reach 3 billion kilometers

07:32depending on where the planets are in their orbit.

07:35Traveler 2 took about 9.5 years to reach Uranus.

07:41But Uranus is cold,

07:43and as an ice giant, it does not even have a real surface to land on.

07:47Anyway, most of the planet is made up of turbulent fluids.

07:52Not only would you have nowhere to land,

07:55but your rocket would have trouble crossing the atmosphere of Uranus without a hitch.

07:59The temperatures and pressures there are extreme

08:02and would quickly destroy your precious ship.

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