アナザーストーリーズ 2025年1月13日
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00:00The 90s, when the world was overwhelmed by the expansion of the Internet.
00:10A software dropped the American music industry into the abyss of fear.
00:19Napster
00:23Users can freely share music files.
00:26It became a thing of the past when you could get any song for free.
00:40The business was booming.
00:44The music industry had no choice but to sue.
00:57Napster hijacked our music without asking.
01:01However, the world rebelled.
01:06Why not let the people listen to music?
01:10Napster gave me the opportunity to listen to them.
01:15It was the young people of the IT nerds.
01:23It was a big discovery.
01:26I was convinced that this technology would change the world.
01:31I was excited to be sued.
01:34To be at the center of this chaos.
01:38Is it a bad thing to destroy the industry?
01:43Or is it a revolution that opens up a new era?
01:48The case is a big question of whose music it is.
01:54It was also a turning point to change the business model.
01:59The truth of Napster, which has devastated society.
02:24The emergence of new technology can shake the world at any time.
02:31The turning point of fate is...
02:36July 1, 2001.
02:40The day Napster stopped the service on the order of the court.
02:46Until that day, the music industry in the United States was in a panic.
02:53Because of the many illegal copies of Napster.
03:01The first point of view is...
03:04The first point of view is...
03:09The youngest lawyer in the record industry, who was most upset by this new technology.
03:18Why did the riots continue to expand?
03:23Another story of nightmares that revolutionized the music industry.
03:2925 years ago.
03:32There is a man who was driven crazy by Napster.
03:39One day, the world suddenly changed.
03:44It was just like that.
03:47I still remember the shock of that day when I first learned about Napster.
03:52I still remember it clearly.
03:56Lawyer Chuck Haussmann.
04:01A group that dominates the music industry.
04:05He was a young man who had just gotten a job at the American Record Association.
04:11He studied copyright law at a university.
04:15In his twenties, he became a fan of the pirate version of Napster.
04:18The days of good and evil have changed that day.
04:27The American Record Association was a quiet organization that dealt with the rights of music.
04:33When I was looking for a job, my university lawyer said,
04:38It's a happy job to listen to records all day.
04:44I didn't expect to be involved in such a riot.
04:51Everyone was in a state of panic at that time.
04:59What happened?
05:06It was a new technology that had never been seen before.
05:14When I searched for the name of the song or artist,
05:19I instantly listed up the files that other users owned.
05:24All I had to do was download them.
05:27And it was all free.
05:34A new musical experience like magic.
05:39Broadband, a high-speed network line,
05:43It spread around the university.
05:58Of course, unauthorized downloads are illegal.
06:02For the music industry, it was a turning point.
06:09If the sales of CDs plummeted,
06:13The industry itself was in a state of emergency that could not be destroyed.
06:19The investigation was led by Houseman.
06:24The situation was more serious than expected.
06:28What surprised me was the vastness of the files shared by users.
06:34There was Brazilian music, Indian music, and Japanese music.
06:40I had to ask people in detail to see if the copyright infringement was true.
06:47As a result, almost 90% of them were illegal copies.
06:53It was necessary to deal with it as soon as possible.
06:59The other party is a small venture company in Silicon Valley.
07:05Immediately, I tried to contact them.
07:10The software of the company is a wonderful product.
07:15Unfortunately, the work of our members is not available.
07:20It is provided on the Internet.
07:24I want to consider whether or not we can build a productive relationship with each other.
07:35But the honest answer did not come back.
07:40He said he felt creepy.
07:44I have no intention of negotiating.
07:47They said they were just a technology company.
07:53They said they were not interested in music.
07:58They said they wanted everyone to use the cool technology we made.
08:04I did not know what the purpose was.
08:08I was really irritated.
08:12At this rate, there is no way out.
08:16I have no choice but to sue.
08:20If it is a trial, there is no way to lose.
08:24I thought it would be easy at first glance.
08:31The number of users has increased due to the news.
08:36They have joined the enemy's propaganda.
08:41Artists have also voiced their support for the expansion of illegal downloads.
08:53The world-famous metal band, Metallica's drummer, Lars Ulrich.
09:03The lawyer in charge since then, Howard King.
09:09He remembers Lars.
09:15They were making the theme song for Tom Cruise's movie.
09:21However, the demo tape of the song was released to Napster.
09:28They were surprised that the unfinished song was shared by millions of people.
09:34And they were outraged to know what Napster was doing.
09:41So they decided to sue.
09:44To crush Napster.
09:48Metallica sues Napster.
09:53It was a natural move as an artist.
09:58However, the world reacted unexpectedly.
10:06The users of Napster have already rebelled.
10:14The sites that call for the sale of Metallica's music are rising one after another.
10:21The fire is spreading.
10:24The fire is spreading.
10:30I got a lot of emails every day.
10:35I won't go to Metallica's concert again.
10:39I will never buy an album.
10:44Lars was confused by the unexpected rebellion.
10:49Losing fans is the most painful thing.
10:54The background of the users' anger was the dissatisfaction with the record company at the time.
11:04The journalist Joseph Men, who chased the riot.
11:11At that time, everyone hated the record company.
11:16For example, even if you wanted to listen to one song of someone,
11:21you had to pay $ 10 or $ 15 for one album.
11:27The way of selling was unfair.
11:30Moreover, they didn't give enough money to the artist.
11:37As long as they didn't make a big hit,
11:40many people knew that the artist couldn't make much money.
11:45That's why people think of Napster as a political movement
11:51and as an ally of justice that opposes huge power.
11:57This man also said that he was in the wind.
12:03All my friends were on the side of Napster.
12:10Why do you work for such a group?
12:15Some people said to me.
12:18So when I walked outside, I didn't want to wear a badge of the American Record Association.
12:26I turned over the badge and was afraid that it wouldn't be a topic.
12:31I was afraid.
12:34There were only people who believed that music should be free.
12:43I thought it was different in my heart.
12:51Even my 13-year-old son used Napster.
12:56I told him not to do this.
13:02Even if he was beaten by the public,
13:05Lars didn't stop fighting in the front line.
13:09If he didn't raise his voice here,
13:12the income of the artist who didn't make much money would be cut off.
13:16He had a strong feeling about his future.
13:20In the midst of a crisis, Lars took a big gamble.
13:29He and King rushed to the office of Napster.
13:36They searched for the name of the user who downloaded Metallica's song
13:42and asked him to delete his account.
13:49We don't have anything to do with this.
13:52But if there are names out there that you can prove,
13:55so what we have here are...
13:58There you go.
14:01But this was accepted as a direct attack on the fans.
14:08Excited users rushed in.
14:11The scene became a mess.
14:14Even the fans who destroyed Metallica's CD.
14:35Their obvious claims didn't work.
14:44Interestingly, when we decided to sue,
14:49five or six artists promised to join the lawsuit.
14:56But when Metallica was attacked,
15:00they disappeared somewhere.
15:06Metallica was completely isolated.
15:14In the midst of this, a chance for a direct confrontation came.
15:21The Federation Council, which took the situation seriously,
15:25held a board meeting.
15:28Both parties were to meet at once.
15:34The president of Napster repeatedly argued for the fairness of the service.
15:43It's not hurting the recording industry and artists.
15:46A chorus of studies show that Napster users buy more records
15:49as a result of using Napster,
15:51and that sampling music before buying is the most important reason
15:54that people use Napster.
15:56Napster simply facilitates communication among people interested in music.
16:00It's a return to the original information-sharing approach of the Internet,
16:04and it allows for a depth and a scale of information
16:07that is truly revolutionary.
16:08Houseman listened with bitter feelings.
16:15Their claims were unacceptable.
16:20If you can get it for free, why do you have to buy a CD?
16:25They even say that they have the right to distribute
16:29the products of the Record Association for free
16:32for the growth of Napster.
16:35It's ridiculous.
16:40But the members of the House of Representatives
16:43also expressed doubts.
17:06The weight of being supported by tens of millions of users
17:12was dominating the atmosphere of the venue.
17:17Lars said bitterly.
17:35He told me that musicians should work for free.
17:38Nobody else works for free. Why should musicians?
17:41We should decide what happens to our music,
17:44not a company with no rights in our recordings,
17:47which has never invested a penny in our music,
17:50or anything to do with its creation.
17:52The choice has been taken away from us.
17:55Is Napster illegal or legal?
18:00The trial that the entire U.S. is paying attention to
18:03has come to an end.
18:08While distributing a large number of illegal copies,
18:11Napster gathered the user's support.
18:16What was the aim of the developers?
18:22The second point of view is
18:24the young people of Napster.
18:27Ari Ida and Jordan Ritter, former employees,
18:30saw the growth and collapse of Napster
18:33up close.
18:36What was the grand vision they drew
18:39behind the conflict?
18:42Another story of the dreams and frustrations
18:45of the young people who tried to change the world.
18:47Another story of the dreams and frustrations
18:50of the young people who tried to change the world.
18:57Napster has put the music industry
19:00into a state of panic.
19:03What was going on behind the scenes?
19:11A former developer,
19:14now managing an IT company,
19:17Ari Ida.
19:20He says the time he spent at Napster
19:23was an unforgettable time of his youth.
19:29This is a photo I took with my friends
19:32around 3 a.m.
19:35I'm standing on this desk.
19:40We had a pretty big technological revolution,
19:43so we were all excited.
19:45Napster's vision was revolutionary
19:48for me.
19:51I'm willing to do anything
19:54to be a part of this company.
19:57I remember saying,
20:00if you ask me to wipe the floor,
20:03I'd be happy to do it.
20:06Anyway, please put me on your team.
20:09I remember saying that.
20:11What was the future
20:14for the young people
20:17who dreamed of Napster?
20:22The young people who were afraid
20:25of the music industry
20:28were computer nerds.
20:31They were a so-called hacker group.
20:37They witnessed the birth of Napster
20:39and later became employees.
20:42This is Jordan Ritter.
20:46We were all curious.
20:49We wanted to explore the digital world
20:52and learn about the system.
20:55There weren't a lot of places
20:58to download music at that time.
21:01We all loved music,
21:04so we thought it would be fun
21:06to play music.
21:09At first, it was a software
21:12to have fun with friends.
21:15We never thought it would
21:18become a business.
21:21Sean Parker,
21:2419 years old at the time,
21:27invited Sean Fanning,
21:30the developer,
21:33to his company.
21:36When he started
21:39distributing software for free,
21:42the number of people
21:45who could access it increased.
21:48Ida,
21:51who joined the company
21:54to improve his system management skills,
21:57struggled with programming
22:00all night long
22:03so that the server wouldn't crash.
22:06It was almost as if
22:09you were interacting
22:12with users who enjoyed the service.
22:15It was almost as if
22:18you were working
22:21in a big stadium
22:24surrounded by a lot of people.
22:27It wasn't scary
22:30to be a part of that.
22:33Their goal
22:36was not just to spread technology.
22:40Joseph Menn,
22:43a journalist,
22:46obtained a strategy document
22:49that was secretly shared in the company.
22:53Most of the purpose of Napster
22:56was about defeating the record company.
22:59But the document contained
23:02something different.
23:05They were going to sell the document
23:08and make a deal with the record company.
23:11This is the plan.
23:16First,
23:19we will increase the quality of the service
23:22and focus on increasing the number of users.
23:25Then,
23:28we will make a deal with the record company
23:30and sign the contract.
23:33There was another
23:36big ambition.
23:39Parker,
23:42the founder of Napster,
23:45said in an interview
23:48that his vision was
23:51that in the near future,
23:54music will evolve in a direction
23:57that anyone can listen to.
24:00People will be able to enjoy music.
24:05People will pay money
24:08for convenience,
24:11not for music.
24:15The goal was
24:18that users would pay a low fee
24:21to access the catalog of huge music.
24:24The sales would be distributed
24:27to the record company
24:30and we would receive
24:33a portion of the sales.
24:38The plan was
24:41as planned.
24:44Even if a request came
24:47from the record company,
24:50they would ignore it
24:53and make time
24:56before the number of users
24:58would increase.
25:01It was an opportunity
25:04to promote the company
25:07and increase the number of subscribers.
25:10We also secured funds.
25:13We got 13 million dollars
25:16from Venture Capital.
25:19We welcomed a new president
25:22with rich management experience.
25:25And finally,
25:28the time came.
25:31The record company
25:34started to consider
25:37a partnership with Napster.
25:41At the time,
25:44Edgar Bronfman,
25:47who was the representative
25:50of Universal,
25:52thought that
25:55the system of Napster
25:58would be a big possibility
26:01for the industry.
26:04Because
26:07it would not cost much
26:10to make a digital copy
26:13and distribute it.
26:16I thought that
26:19it would be an opportunity
26:22for the industry.
26:25I wanted to make a contract
26:28as a representative of the industry.
26:31We owned the technology of Napster
26:34and tried to find a legal business.
26:38The trial of Napster
26:41began.
26:44Of course,
26:47the Napster side
26:49used the copyright law
26:52as one of the reasons
26:55to claim that it was legal.
26:58It was a government harbor.
27:01The exchange of files
27:04was only between users.
27:07Napster only provided
27:10the search results.
27:13Search sites such as Yahoo!
27:16and Google
27:19were not responsible
27:22for the copyright infringement.
27:25The same was true for Napster.
27:28However,
27:31there was a pitfall.
27:34It was only legal
27:37if the operator did not
27:40recognize it as illegal.
27:43At that time,
27:46the original country
27:49had a mail
27:52that recorded the speech
27:55at the meeting.
27:58There was a parker
28:01who talked about the legality
28:04of the service.
28:07The trial became
28:10a hotbed.
28:13I remember
28:16when that mail
28:19was sent to me.
28:22I was very disappointed.
28:25However,
28:28I certainly did not have
28:31any anger at Parker.
28:34Because the honest truth
28:37is that the content of the mail
28:40was something that
28:43everyone had
28:45seen.
28:48The atmosphere in the company
28:51had changed quite a bit.
28:54I felt like that was
28:57the beginning of the end.
29:00Parker was pursued
29:03for responsibility
29:06and was chased
29:09out of the company
29:12he had founded.
29:15Bronfman's
29:18proposal was
29:21concrete.
29:24The major labels
29:27jointly acquired
29:30Napster's shares
29:33and launched
29:36a new legal business.
29:39Once,
29:42it was about to be
29:45sold.
29:48As far as I could tell,
29:51Napster's managers
29:54were looking at the value
29:57of the company
30:00as billions of dollars
30:03and were not willing
30:06to compromise.
30:09They were too greedy
30:12in order to make a deal.
30:15If they had
30:18signed the contract,
30:21it would have been beneficial
30:24to everyone.
30:27Two weeks later,
30:30the court ruled
30:33that Napster was illegal
30:36and ordered a suspension.
30:39Then,
30:42in July
30:45the website
30:48shut down.
30:53We were young
30:56and didn't have a lot of money.
30:59So our first thing
31:02was to make a successful software.
31:05And we just decided
31:08that we would figure out
31:11how to deal with
31:13the company.
31:16We didn't have any
31:19rewards for our work,
31:22and the managers
31:25were only interested
31:28in making money.
31:31I wrote the program
31:34for the suspension,
31:37but I didn't use it
31:40because I didn't want
31:43to lose my job.
31:46After Napster
31:49shut down,
31:52Luigi Software
31:55appeared one after another.
31:58Illegal downloads
32:01never stopped.
32:04At the peak of 1999,
32:07the revenue of the record industry
32:10continued to decline
32:13due to the suspension.
32:16What happened?
32:19Part 3
32:22Sweden's first
32:25music streaming service
32:28Spotify's former engineer
32:31Frederik Niemela
32:34used to be a Napster user.
32:37How did they change
32:40the music industry?
32:43Another story
32:46about the birth of
32:49a music streaming service.
32:56This is a photo
32:59taken 10 years after
33:02Napster shut down.
33:05The man in the photo
33:08is Sean Parker,
33:10Metallica's Lars Ulrich,
33:13who once competed with him
33:16in a trial.
33:19What happened
33:22to these two men?
33:26This man
33:29holds the key.
33:35The world's largest
33:37music streaming service
33:40Spotify's founder
33:43Daniel Ek
33:50I have repeated
33:53and talked about it.
33:56Napster
33:59changed my life.
34:03As Ek's right-hand man,
34:05Spotify's founder
34:08Frederik Niemela
34:14I mean, you always have
34:17some level of respect
34:20as part of the industry
34:23as somebody who was inspired
34:26by Napster
34:29and has a lot of respect
34:32for them.
34:35What is the future
34:38that Napster has changed?
34:43Illegal downloads
34:46are rampant all over the world.
34:49The damage is serious
34:52even in Sweden.
34:55CD sales fell by half
34:58in 10 years.
35:01Record companies
35:03were down.
35:06Daniel Ek,
35:09a young entrepreneur,
35:12found a business chance
35:15here.
35:18People turned out
35:21to the pirate version
35:24because there were no other
35:27options.
35:30We wanted to do better
35:33and we thought that people
35:36would actually pay
35:39if it was made good.
35:43Starting with Napster,
35:46downloading was the main
35:49technology at that time.
35:52It took time to get the file
35:55and play it.
35:58So we developed
36:00the streaming technology.
36:06We followed the speed
36:09and pressed the play button
36:12to shorten it to 0.2 seconds.
36:17The biggest challenge
36:20was to get permission
36:23from the record company.
36:26Even though we had to pay
36:28a lot of money,
36:31Ek insisted.
36:36The engineer,
36:39Rasmus Andersson,
36:42had a hard time.
36:45Negotiations were
36:48really hard.
36:51It was like a child
36:54begging for something.
36:56So we finally
36:59got one deal,
37:02but the conditions were
37:05really tough.
37:08You can use the song
37:11for 1000 people,
37:14but you have to pay
37:17and come back
37:20a year later.
37:23Is there a chance
37:26that it will work?
37:29The company was trying
37:32to find out.
37:35The result was a big success.
37:38Users were enthusiastic
37:41and used it for hours every day.
37:44This was a strong proof
37:47that it might work.
37:50And the condition
37:53was to distribute
37:56the song.
37:59When the service
38:02started in 2008,
38:05the popularity exploded.
38:08It was a big success
38:11in Europe.
38:14That man
38:17couldn't have left
38:20this success alone.
38:23Because of his statement,
38:26Sean Parker
38:29became a Napster.
38:32After that,
38:35he became an investor
38:38and was the first CEO
38:41of Facebook.
38:44He was a big success
38:47in Silicon Valley.
38:50He sent a lot of emails
38:53to ECHO
38:56and became a big star.
38:59Since then,
39:02I've been dreaming
39:05of making a product
39:08like Spotify.
39:11I'm very excited
39:14about what you've done.
39:17Kikihodai's music distribution service
39:20has become a new business model.
39:23The profits of the music industry
39:26have increased.
39:29Metallica's Lars,
39:32who used to compete with Napster,
39:35has also recognized his song distribution.
39:38I think it's really great
39:41that the music industry
39:44has come together
39:47and the future we imagined
39:50has come true.
39:53Innovation
39:56is created by chains.
39:59It's not just one system
40:02or one moment.
40:06It's a chain of moments.
40:09It's a chain of innovations.
40:13There were things that came about
40:16before Napster
40:19that allowed us to take action.
40:22And there are things
40:24that happened
40:27after Spotify was born.
40:30I would say the primary thing
40:33I learned is that
40:36innovation takes time.
40:39Change takes time.
40:42That's what I learned.
40:45But the only people
40:48who benefited from the service
40:51were big record companies
40:54and artists.
40:57The profits of artists
41:00are now less than
41:031 yen per view.
41:06Many people criticize
41:09the lack of rewards
41:12for small labels
41:15and new artists.
41:18No matter how much the music industry changes,
41:21the only thing that doesn't change
41:24is the fact that artists
41:27can't make enough money.
41:30It's a sad thing.
41:33The convenient technology
41:36has become convenient
41:39for big companies.
41:42It's a depressing situation.
41:47In the near future,
41:50AI will produce music
41:52with a high degree of satisfaction.
41:55It will become better.
42:02When we face the truth,
42:05the argument of
42:08who gets how much money
42:11may become meaningless.
42:14The only thing that doesn't change
42:17is that music is essential
42:19for society and human emotions.
42:28New technology
42:31brings a temporary chaos
42:34to society.
42:37But people all over the world
42:40want music.
42:43I believe that love for music
42:46will continue to exist forever.
42:49I believe that love for music
42:52will continue to exist forever.
42:55A new revolution
42:58is happening.
43:01Analog records and CDs
43:04have become popular again
43:07among young people.
43:10I came to see it today.
43:13I feel warm
43:16surrounded by old things.
43:19I feel like I'm being guided
43:22by the same content
43:25over and over again.
43:28Touching the record
43:31and listening to it
43:34without skipping
43:37is something special.
43:43The evolution of technology
43:46never stops.
43:49It's up to you
43:52to turn back.
44:19A new world,
44:22born of unique nature,
44:25is coming to life.
44:28Please look forward to it.
44:5030 years of a family
44:53talking about their memories.