MEDI1TV Afrique : LE GRAND JOURNAL MIDI - 29/01/2025
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00:00We are still together on Médien-TV, thank you for remaining faithful to us, here are the titles of your newspaper.
00:16In this edition, we will focus on the situation in Goma, in the east of the RDC, while diplomacy is for the powerless.
00:23Condemnations are multiplying against Rwanda, accused of supporting the M23 in its war against the Congolese armed forces.
00:35They are no longer part of the economic community of the states of West Africa.
00:38Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso have officially left the CDAO on January 29 as a political act, but not without economic consequences.
00:48In Morocco, last year, more than 114,300 citizens wanted to benefit from the program of direct aid to housing.
01:0063,000, of whom 25% of Moroccans living abroad, were able to benefit. We also talk about it in this edition.
01:08We start this newspaper with the situation in Goma, in the east of the RDC.
01:16A few gunfights were heard this morning at the military camp of Katindo, while condemnations are multiplying against Rwanda,
01:26accused of supporting the M23 in its war against the Congolese armed forces.
01:30Diplomacy remains for the powerless. The UN Security Council met for the second time yesterday on the subject.
01:38China has demanded the withdrawal of Rwandan troops. A meeting of the EAC, the East African Community, must be held today.
01:47But the president of the RDC, via his communication cell in Dorje, already said that he would not take part in it.
01:55The M23 remains out of the question for the Congolese army. Why was the city of Goma the epicenter of the combats?
02:05I will answer this question with Cheikh Hirodani, a geostrategic expert.
02:09Goma is the epicenter of the conflict of the M23. It is the capital of the north of Akivu. It is a frontier strategic city of Rwanda.
02:20Since 2022, the M23 has been supporting PAC, which, according to the UN report, has regained control of key territories such as Rotchoro, threatening to encircle the city.
02:33In February 2023, there were bombings that hit and displaced people near Goma, killing hundreds of victims.
02:42The situation today is that, for strategic reasons, the RDC is equipped with 70% of the world's cobalt reserves.
02:58Most of these reserves are found in the north of Akivu, in the south of Akivu, and when you talk about Goma, Goma is the epicenter.
03:07It is a strategic location. Having control over Goma means that you will have control over several strategic axes.
03:19Today, we can say that the north of Akivu and the south of Akivu are very rich regions.
03:26There are also implications when you talk about the north of Akivu. You are talking about frontier countries.
03:34You are talking about Rwanda, you are talking about Burundi, and you are even talking about Uganda.
03:41The situation in the RDC was also yesterday at the heart of a meeting of the Council of Peace and Security of the African Union.
03:48On this occasion, the head of Moroccan diplomacy sent a message to the participants,
03:54a message read by the permanent ambassador of the Kingdom to the United Nations and the United Nations, Mohamed Darouchi.
04:01Morocco reiterates its indispensable commitment to the fundamental principles of state sovereignty,
04:08good neighborhood, and non-interference in the internal affairs of all African states, including the RDC.
04:18The RDC is no longer part of the economic community of the states of West Africa.
04:28Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso officially left the RDC on January 29.
04:34The West African organization, however, leaves its door open for a period of six months.
04:40For the moment, the refugees from these three countries can continue to travel with their passport from the RDC.
04:47The African organization therefore invites them to put their passport in their suitcases.
04:58The effective departure of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from the RDC marks the realization of a political act.
05:06Eleven years ago, the heads of state of the three countries made the formal announcement in Niamey
05:12on the anniversary celebrated yesterday by thousands of people gathered in the Nigerian capital.
05:19Jean-Dybril William.
05:23On May 29, 2024, it was here in Niamey that the heads of state of Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso
05:29announced the withdrawal of their respective countries from the economic community of the states of West Africa.
05:35A year later, the divorce is now official and has been celebrated by thousands of people
05:41since the first hours on Tuesday in the place of Oumou de Niamey.
05:46Today we celebrate the courage of our three heads of state who dared to say no to imperialism.
05:51We are officially out of the RDC and it is a feeling of freedom and pride that drives me this morning.
05:58We are going to make our own decisions, we are going to do everything ourselves.
06:03So really, we are out of slavery, we are very proud of that.
06:09If it took a year to see this withdrawal fulfilled in accordance with the texts of the regional body,
06:14for the Nigerian military authorities, the decision to leave the RDC will never have suffered from any question.
06:23We are out of the RDC and this decision is irreversible.
06:27A year ago, our countries decided to leave this regional organization
06:30that did not hesitate to impose inhumane sanctions on our populations.
06:35With the Alliance of the States of Sahel, we are going to create the conditions for our people to be protected and to flourish.
06:43Exit, the CDAO, for all this, the time has come for a new departure
06:47and now turned glances towards the Alliance of the States of Sahel
06:50that Niger shares with Burkina Faso and Mali.
06:54And for the actors of the civil society gathered in Niamey on Tuesday, new deadlines are already announced.
07:01It is the European who has come to draw subjective, obsolete borders.
07:06We are breaking these borders, we are unifying the same people of Sahel,
07:11but all this must necessarily go through currency and then through industrialization.
07:17We are creating a currency that will allow us to establish a stable economic development.
07:22Like Mali and Burkina Faso, the exit of Niger should be officialized by the CDAO on January 29,
07:29after a delay of one year planned by the regional board.
07:34The three countries had ignored an appeal to extend six additional months
07:38to discuss with the West African community.
07:42This exit of the CDAO is a political act, certainly of the AES countries,
07:46but it will not be without economic consequences.
07:49What do Malians think? Let's follow this report from Mohamed Danyoko.
07:54Mali is preparing to leave the CDAO.
07:57If Mali is part of the founding fathers of this institution,
08:00the recent events in Mali and in other countries of the Alliance of the States of Sahel
08:05have made the difficult situation and the impossible cohabitation between the CDAO and the AES,
08:11as explained by the teacher-researcher in community law, Yuba Nimaga.
08:16When Mali, on January 9, 2020, was hit by the sanctions of the CDAO,
08:25following the coup d'état in Burkina Faso and the one in Niger,
08:30we brought the community organization to inflict heavy sanctions.
08:35At the 24th hour of this exit, several questions arose
08:39about the possible consequences and future relations between the two entities.
08:43The consequences, first of all, can be economic.
08:48Because, above all, the community organization was built on the economic pillar,
08:54and then the political part was grafted.
08:58This means that we will have to go back to a large market, like that of the CDAO.
09:06But also, the question we ask ourselves,
09:10is it necessary to leave an organization to rebuild,
09:14in favor of an organization to build or to experiment?
09:19Faced with an irreversible situation,
09:21some believe that other paths could have been preferred instead of divorce.
09:26For me, as it is water to be poured,
09:28if we could stay in the CDAO, even create the AES,
09:31it could be done.
09:33But as they have decided, we will see what happens next.
09:37Otherwise, people are divided between concern and opportunity.
09:41At the end of a meeting of the ministers of foreign affairs of the three countries,
09:45held on January 26 in Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso,
09:48the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mali, Abdoulaye Diop,
09:52reassured the population about the CDAO.
09:57In the rest of the community, there is the Lebanese Ministry of Health,
10:01which is the state of 24 injured in two Israeli strikes yesterday in the south of the country,
10:06despite the ceasefire in force since the end of November.
10:09The Israeli army was supposed to finish it on Sunday at its retreat.
10:13Only the Lebanese army and the UN Blue Helmets were to be deployed there.
10:19But this delay was extended until February 18,
10:23announced by the United States, which is part of the 13th Committee of Surveillance.
10:31And in northern Gaza, more than 376,000 Palestinians
10:35are in favor of the fragile ceasefire between Israel and Hamas.
10:40This is what the UN Humanitarian Affairs Office said yesterday.
10:44Men represented half of these displaced people.
10:48Women and children each have a car.
10:50Pregnant women who are in need of help.
10:53Older people, people with disabilities.
10:56Chronic illnesses or people in need of urgent medical help.
11:00Or unaccompanied minors are among the vulnerable groups on site.
11:10I will announce it to you in the titles.
11:11In Morocco last year, more than 114,300 citizens
11:15wanted to benefit from the Direct Housing Aid Program,
11:19according to the Secretary of State to the Minister of Housing,
11:23of the National Territory of Urbanism, Habitat and City Policy.
11:2963,000 people were able to benefit from it.
11:3263,000 people, 25% of whom are Moroccans living abroad.
11:36Young people represent 32% of beneficiaries
11:39and have received aid ranging from 70,000 to 100,000 dirhams.
11:44This support now covers cities that have not benefited enough from this program,
11:49such as Fez, Cetat, Jadida, Ben Slimane, Oujda, Berkane and Taza.
12:01We stay in the kingdom with the implementation of a new program
12:05of urban transport by bus for the period 2025-2029 in 6 Moroccan cities.
12:11The announcement was made by the Minister of the Interior,
12:14Abdellafi Laftite, to detail this new program in the Chamber of Councils.
12:19The main principles of this program are the separation of investment and operating functions.
12:25The State proceeds with the purchase of high-end buses
12:29and takes charge of their maintenance,
12:31while the management task will be entrusted to the companies.
12:36The total cost of investments allocated to this program
12:39is 11 billion dirhams for the acquisition of 3,746 buses
12:47for the cities of Fez, Marrakech, Tangier, Tétouan, Agadir and Ben Slimane.
12:59And right now, let's move on to the guest of the big newspaper of the day.
13:04We are with Mamadou Diouf, historian and editorialist.
13:08He is live from Lomé with us.
13:10Mamadou Diouf, hello and thank you for accepting our invitation.
13:15Hello, dear Pope. It is I who thank you.
13:20The countries of the Alliance of States of the Sahel, the AES,
13:23officially leave the CDAO, which leaves its door open to them.
13:28This departure is a political act.
13:31What would be the economic consequences for Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso?
13:39It is indeed a clear political act
13:43that was taken by the three member countries of the AES to leave the CDAO.
13:49It should be remembered that a common letter had been written
13:53and the CDAO had recalled that joining the CDAO was individual.
13:59Leaving the CDAO must be done individually.
14:03And according to the texts of the CDAO, there was a year.
14:06It turns out that today we have been doing it for a year
14:09since each of these countries has submitted its letter.
14:12And besides, the CDAO Commission has actually acted
14:16on the departure of these three countries from the CDAO.
14:19Now, there are indeed indisputable economic consequences.
14:24And when we say economic consequences,
14:26it is also at the level of the member countries of the AES
14:30currently than the countries that have remained within the framework of the CDAO.
14:34To take a fairly simple example,
14:37everyone knows that Nigeria was leaving and receiving its products
14:43essentially from the port of Benin.
14:47This border is closed today.
14:50Benin has a lack to gain since these Nigerian products
14:54no longer pass through its port.
14:56But Benin is in a situation of surplus
14:59because the products pass through the port of Togo and must leave Lomé,
15:04pass through Burkina Faso before reaching Niger,
15:09which, of course, leads to a surplus in fuel,
15:12in the consumption of the vehicle itself,
15:15in terms of dampers, etc.
15:17So, the economic consequences are there.
15:19They are indisputable.
15:21We are already starting to see them through this example,
15:24which is truly not the only one.
15:27So, this departure, as you said, will also weaken
15:31the West African organization economically.
15:35Among these countries of the AES,
15:37which state could suffer or suffer the most
15:41the consequences of this departure?
15:44In fact, all countries will suffer,
15:48but at levels that will be different.
15:51If I take the case of Burkina Faso, for example,
15:54which is borderline with Togo,
15:57which is also borderline with Ghana,
16:00when we look from a port point of view,
16:03they can benefit from the port of Lomé.
16:05They can also benefit from the port
16:07which is located at the level of Ghana,
16:09which is the closest to Burkina Faso.
16:12When you take the case of Nigeria,
16:14it becomes more complicated.
16:16When you take the case of Mali,
16:18it still happens, since the port of Dakar is still used,
16:21although the relationship with Abidjan is still extremely difficult,
16:26although the contacts are there.
16:28Because it must be said clearly,
16:29the relations are not cut off at all between these countries.
16:33Now, where there is the greatest risk,
16:35it is not only in this activity that we see the most,
16:38but it is rather in the activity that we do not see.
16:41What I call the activity that we do not see,
16:43you have several outputs without member countries of the IAS,
16:47which are in countries that today belong to the CDAO.
16:51They have economic activities.
16:54And when you weigh the IAS and the CDAO,
16:59it is the IAS populations that we find much more
17:03in the CDAO countries
17:05than the populations of the countries that remain in the CDAO,
17:09which we find at the level of the IAS.
17:11If we take the case of Nigeria, for example,
17:13in relation to Togo, also in relation to the Ivory Coast,
17:17but it is clear that these people are asking themselves questions.
17:20The report of your correspondent at the level of Mali
17:24showed it earlier.
17:25The economic operators of these countries are beginning to worry.
17:29But fortunately for the moment,
17:31the Commission of the CDAO does not ask
17:33that we apply the exit measures,
17:36even if the three countries had said with immediate consequences.
17:40On the contrary, they ask that we let people continue to circulate
17:43with the identity cards and passports of their countries.
17:46They also ask that we leave the right of establishment
17:50at the level of the populations,
17:51that is to say, those who already have their affairs there
17:53can continue to do their business.
17:55They also ask that we respect what we call
17:57the framework of liberalisation of exchanges,
18:00so no additional taxes on these products.
18:02But the consequences can be even more complicated
18:06if the CDAO is not content to take action,
18:10but considers that these countries no longer being members of the CDAO
18:13no longer have the right to facilitate
18:15that exists between the member countries of the CDAO.
18:18And that is one of the biggest concerns of the economic operators
18:22of these countries that intervene in other countries
18:24or who, for their affairs,
18:27need the support of the front-line countries of the AIS.
18:31In any case, the AIS countries speak of irrevocable decisions,
18:36while the CDAO insists that these doors are open.
18:42Could these AIS countries reintegrate the West African organization,
18:47let's say, in a few years,
18:49if there are, for example, regime changes?
18:53Yes, that is quite possible.
18:55Let's not forget that we are currently in a case
18:59that is extremely conjunctural,
19:01linked to the coup d'état in Mali, in Burkina,
19:04and especially in Niger, and the sanctions that followed.
19:08When I say conjunctural,
19:10in Senegal, it is no longer Makesale who is the president,
19:13it is Bassour Diomayefe who is the president.
19:15In Ghana, in a very recent way,
19:17there is also John Mahama who came to power.
19:20And Bassour Diomayefe and John Mahama
19:22do not have the same position at all
19:24in relation to the AIS as the former president of Senegal
19:27or the former president of Ghana.
19:29So, very quickly, there is a concrete evolution that is there.
19:32We are going to have elections in Côte d'Ivoire in 2025,
19:36but all these factors mean that we have to be careful,
19:39we do not master the future.
19:41I believe that we need to stop a little bit
19:44with the words, go to war,
19:46which are trying to create a crisis between our countries,
19:49but we are rather going into speeches to establish peace
19:52and facilitate integration between our countries.
19:55What has been done has been acted on by the heads of state of these three countries,
19:59but other heads of state in these same countries can act on other things,
20:03such as an evolution at the level of the CEDEAO
20:07can make the criticisms we make to the CEDEAO
20:10and at the moment it is clear that if the cause of the exit
20:14was these criticisms in relation to the CEDEAO,
20:17these three countries must be able to reintegrate the CEDEAO
20:20while maintaining the framework of the AIS.
20:23Because we must not forget that within the CEDEAO
20:26there is the Council of the Agreement,
20:28within the CEDEAO there is the UMOA,
20:30which does not bring together all the countries of the CEDEAO.
20:33The AIS can also be found within the CEDEAO
20:36in the same circumstances.
20:39So, you said it, you talked about the AIS passports.
20:43We saw these documents circulating on the web.
20:46For the moment, they must remain in the suitcases of the AIS representatives.
20:52The CEDEAO, for the moment, does not recognize these documents,
20:56i.e. the passports, hidden from the West African organization.
21:00What reading can we make of this?
21:02Is this a new form of handshake with the AIS leaders?
21:08Yes, the handshake is still there,
21:10because even the communiqué of the Commission of the CEDEAO
21:14which clearly dictates the departure from January 29,
21:18the communiqué continues to remind that the six months are still there
21:23and these six months are still an open space
21:26which allows the dialogue, which eventually allows the countries of the AIS
21:30to be able to return to their positions.
21:32But we certainly shouldn't believe that.
21:34We must not forget that three foreign affairs ministers
21:37from these countries of the AIS
21:39met at the Burkina Faso level in Ouagadougou
21:42to recall what had been said.
21:44The exit is a definitive exit.
21:47They will not take a step back.
21:49We will be able to resist and add for the moment.
21:52This is clear.
21:53So, certainly, we are going towards an exit.
21:57What consequences will it have on this asset of the CEDEAO,
22:01the circulation of people and goods?
22:04But these consequences can be difficult for the countries of the AIS.
22:08Remember that one day before the last summit of the CEDEAO,
22:13the countries of the AIS, knowing the consequences
22:16that the freedom of movement and goods can have on their fellow citizens
22:20who are in the CEDEAO zone,
22:22were in a hurry to open their borders to all CEDEAO refugees.
22:28A kind of call for the foot to say at the summit of the CEDEAO
22:32which was to be held the next day,
22:34do the same as us, open your borders
22:36so that our refugees can continue to circulate in your countries.
22:39Because it must be said clearly,
22:41if there are problems of integration at the summit of our states,
22:45there is no real problem of integration at the level of the populations.
22:49The populations know a wedding.
22:51People leave and settle in one country or another.
22:54You have marriages between people belonging to these different countries.
22:58It is rather in official relations, in state relations,
23:02that there are problems.
23:03Let's hope that, as the CEDEAO has done today,
23:06by waiting for the exit in a way that I personally find very responsible,
23:11that the CEDEAO will continue with this responsible attitude
23:14and will not engage in a kind of forceful relationship
23:17with the member countries of the AIS.
23:19A forceful relationship in which the populations on both sides
23:22will unfortunately pay the consequences.
23:25In any case, this passport of the AIS,
23:27if the CEDEAO goes beyond the fact of taking action on this decision,
23:34this passport could weaken the mobility,
23:38as you said, of the Malian, Nigerian and Burkinabe refugees.
23:43Now, when are we beyond the borders of the CEDEAO?
23:49What will it be like?
23:51Beyond the borders of the CEDEAO,
23:54the CEDEAO will not really pose a problem,
23:57since each country can make its passport,
23:59each country can make its identity card.
24:02It will come back to these three countries,
24:04because when we do it, we signify it to the other countries
24:07to let them know that we have changed our identity card,
24:10we have changed our passport.
24:13And this will allow other countries to be able to receive their refugees
24:17with their conditions,
24:18because each country has its conditions of acceptance or not
24:21of such or such other country
24:24at the level of entry and establishment in the country that is sought.
24:29Now, at the level of the CEDEAO,
24:31it must be said that for the moment the problem does not arise,
24:34but in the note, we must pay attention to the last part of the note,
24:38talking about provisional,
24:40saying that these passports will be recognized,
24:44we will let the citizens of the AIS continue with the CEDEAO passports
24:50while waiting for the decision of the Conference of Heads of State.
24:54That is to say that for the moment,
24:56a decision has not yet been taken.
24:59We are still in the framework of these six months
25:02where at the level of the CEDEAO,
25:05we still leave the door open to a possible reintegration
25:09at the level of the AIS, at the level of the CEDEAO.
25:12Now, what will be decided after these six months,
25:15we do not know for the moment.
25:18Mamadou Diouf, thank you for all these details.
25:20Thank you for answering our questions.
25:24It is I who thank you.
25:27That's it, which closes this newspaper.
25:30Thank you for following it.
25:31In a few moments, a new point on the news.
25:47You