Plus de 90 faits qui vous feront cracher votre café

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Transcript

00:00:00In India, some people eat a mixture of chickpeas and tomato curry for breakfast.

00:00:05They can eat it with puri, a pan-fried bread cake that swells with steam when cooked.

00:00:12In South Africa, people eat putu pap for breakfast.

00:00:16It's a porridge made with corn flour and water.

00:00:19This dish can be eaten all day long.

00:00:22But for breakfast, it's made with milk and sugar.

00:00:26In Senegal, coffee has nothing to do with the one you know.

00:00:30The powder used to make this drink is made from coffee beans,

00:00:34selim pepper and clou de girofle.

00:00:37It gives a well-spiced, very energetic coffee.

00:00:41In Morocco, people prefer to drink mint tea.

00:00:44For breakfast, it's accompanied by freshly baked bread cakes.

00:00:48They can be covered with jam or honey,

00:00:51but sometimes they are stuffed with vegetables or meat.

00:00:54The chickpea soup, called lablani, is a typical Tunisian breakfast.

00:00:59It's well-spiced thanks to the onion, cumin and herbs we use to make it.

00:01:04If you're lucky, you might get a poached egg with it.

00:01:07In Nigeria, and in some neighbouring countries,

00:01:10people make bean cakes for breakfast.

00:01:13The main ingredients are niébé, black beans, dried pepper, fresh onions and fresh red pepper.

00:01:20These cakes are sold directly on the street.

00:01:23Korean breakfasts are quite unique.

00:01:26They are composed of many banchan, which are actually side dishes.

00:01:30There's kimchi, fermented cabbage, rolled omelette,

00:01:34marinated vegetables and jeon, a kind of crepe.

00:01:38Japanese breakfast is more like a lunch or dinner.

00:01:42It's made up of soup, rice, salmon and marinated vegetables.

00:01:46In Jamaica, people eat salted fish and laki for breakfast.

00:01:51It's an exotic fruit, similar to lychee, with a sweet and creamy texture.

00:01:56This fruit is illegal in the United States because its seeds are toxic.

00:02:00But you can eat its flesh without any problem when it's ripe.

00:02:03It's just important to make the difference.

00:02:06Maybe the craziest breakfast in the world comes from the Netherlands.

00:02:11They eat tarts sprinkled with candy.

00:02:14Yes, vermicelli for pastry on breadcrumbs.

00:02:17This is the Hagelslag, which means hail storm.

00:02:21There are several scents, such as chocolate, vanilla and fruit.

00:02:25German breakfast can seem a bit heavy,

00:02:28if you're used to eating just a bowl of oatmeal.

00:02:31You eat bread, cheese and meat.

00:02:34And if necessary, you can add eggs and coffee, of course.

00:02:39If you like gruau, welcome to Finland.

00:02:42The traditional breakfast of this wonderful country

00:02:45is made up of oatmeal called puuro.

00:02:48It's served with red berries, sugar and milk.

00:02:52Italian breakfast is certainly not the most important meal of the day.

00:02:56It can be a cornetto, which is a croissant, possibly covered in sugar,

00:03:00and a cappuccino.

00:03:02Italians usually drink cappuccino only in the morning.

00:03:05And if you ever order a latte in Italy, you'll only get a glass of milk.

00:03:09What you call a latte is called a caffè latte in Italy.

00:03:13Muesli is enjoyed all over the world, but especially in Switzerland.

00:03:17A typical breakfast is made up of oatmeal,

00:03:21dried fruit and nuts, usually mixed with yogurt.

00:03:25In Sweden, people eat salted pies called smörgås.

00:03:29It's a slice of buttered bread with ham, fish or cheese.

00:03:34They usually add cucumber, salad or tomatoes.

00:03:38Many people also like it with hard-boiled eggs.

00:03:41In Sweden, people love caffè filtre. It's excellent.

00:03:46French breakfast is perfect for those who love Viennese cuisine.

00:03:50There's a wide range of breads and delicious brioches,

00:03:53and of course, the famous croissants, so famous all over the world.

00:03:58Some people like fresh baguettes spread with butter and jam,

00:04:01while others prefer bread with chocolate.

00:04:04The most common drink is coffee,

00:04:06but many people prefer to replace it with an orange juice.

00:04:10Argentine breakfast is quite similar to French breakfast.

00:04:13You eat Viennese food and coffee.

00:04:16Media luna, which means half-moon,

00:04:19looks a lot like croissants, but sweeter.

00:04:22If you don't like sugar for breakfast,

00:04:24you can choose a toast called tostada.

00:04:27And if coffee isn't your thing,

00:04:29replace it with an orange juice.

00:04:32Yogurt, cereals and eggs are mostly served to tourists.

00:04:36If you ever want to try traditional Mexican breakfast,

00:04:39cook chilaquiles.

00:04:41Break corn tortillas into pieces

00:04:43and soak them in tomato sauce.

00:04:46Soften the tortillas,

00:04:48then add avocado, soft cheese and chicken.

00:04:51Put rice and red beans on the side of the plate

00:04:54and buen provecho.

00:04:56Do you want something lighter?

00:04:58Mexico has great pastries,

00:05:00including one in the shape of a delicious little slipper.

00:05:04Peruvian breakfast seems really exotic

00:05:07for those who've never been there.

00:05:09One of the traditional dishes

00:05:11is the tacacho con sesina.

00:05:13It's basically roasted plantain bananas

00:05:15with pieces of pork.

00:05:17It's a very popular street dish.

00:05:19The two most important elements

00:05:21of Brazilian breakfast

00:05:23are bread and coffee.

00:05:25The favorite bread of many Brazilians

00:05:27is a small ball of bread

00:05:29that must be generously buttered

00:05:31before being eaten

00:05:33and can be served with charcuterie.

00:05:35Tropical foods like papaya

00:05:37are not at all exotic in Brazil,

00:05:39so don't be surprised to eat them every day

00:05:41if you're traveling to Rio.

00:05:43Colombians have dozens of recipes

00:05:45for nice breakfasts.

00:05:47In Bogota, the capital,

00:05:49you'll find the changua,

00:05:51which is a soup with eggs, milk,

00:05:53coriander and parasi.

00:05:55Another popular dish is the calentado,

00:05:57made from leftover rice

00:05:59or heated beans

00:06:01and served with sausages, avocados and eggs.

00:06:03In Costa Rica,

00:06:05we often eat rice and beans

00:06:07for breakfast.

00:06:09Unlike Colombia,

00:06:11Costa Ricans roast plantain bananas,

00:06:13much less sweet than bananas,

00:06:15instead of sausages.

00:06:17The drinks are simple,

00:06:19coffee or fruit juice.

00:06:21Are you hungry?

00:06:23Malaysia is another country

00:06:25where eating rice for breakfast is common,

00:06:27but the way it's prepared is different.

00:06:29It's cooked in coconut milk

00:06:31and served with a variety of side dishes.

00:06:33It can be eggs,

00:06:35cucumber, anchovies

00:06:37or even peanuts.

00:06:39Omelette, cake,

00:06:41fried pasta sticks in hot soy milk,

00:06:43crêpes torcadées stuffed with vegetables.

00:06:45If all that puts water in your mouth,

00:06:47you should try a Taiwanese breakfast

00:06:49at least once in your life.

00:06:51Soak it in a variety

00:06:53of hot soy milk.

00:06:55There's natural milk or black milk,

00:06:57which is a milk seasoned

00:06:59with sesame seeds and peanuts.

00:07:01In Hong Kong,

00:07:03a breakfast wouldn't be complete

00:07:05without the famous milk tea.

00:07:07It all depends on the technique used

00:07:09to prepare it.

00:07:11The fabric that filters it

00:07:13must be very thick.

00:07:15When the black tea finally comes out

00:07:17from the other side,

00:07:19don't forget to add a little milk

00:07:21and sugar to get that authentic

00:07:23creamy flavor.

00:07:25Don't be surprised if you see sausages,

00:07:27you see rice,

00:07:29bacon marinated in brown sugar

00:07:31and this soy sauce,

00:07:33and a cup of hot chocolate.

00:07:35Welcome to the Philippines,

00:07:37and bon appétit!

00:07:39If you ever go to Indonesia,

00:07:41don't miss the chance to taste

00:07:43this black rice-based broth

00:07:45with coconut and milk

00:07:47served for breakfast.

00:07:49It's called the ketanitam bubur.

00:07:51Did I pronounce it right?

00:07:53This dish is delicious

00:07:55with bananas and cinnamon.

00:07:57There's also the papeda,

00:07:59a flour-based dish.

00:08:01It's a sticky broth that looks like pudding.

00:08:03At breakfast,

00:08:05the people of Myanmar

00:08:07are used to eating a soup called

00:08:09mohinga.

00:08:11It's full of flavor.

00:08:13It contains ginger, fish paste,

00:08:15lime juice, pepper,

00:08:17coriander and onions.

00:08:19It even contains paste.

00:08:21Salty, sweet, bitter and spicy.

00:08:23If there was a contest

00:08:25for the most popular breakfast in the world,

00:08:27Ireland would win.

00:08:29Imagine!

00:08:31This breakfast includes bacon,

00:08:33white pudding, black pudding,

00:08:35roasted potatoes,

00:08:37fried eggs,

00:08:39sausages, beans

00:08:41and even fried liver.

00:08:43Do you know how to burn all those calories afterwards?

00:08:45There are dangerous dishes

00:08:47that can poison you

00:08:49if they're not properly prepared.

00:08:51Ingredients that are seemingly harmless

00:08:53like honey or cashews

00:08:55can sometimes be harmful.

00:08:57Here's some information to know

00:08:59before eating certain products.

00:09:01Have you ever chewed on an apple's seeds?

00:09:03You know they have an unpleasant taste.

00:09:05It's because of the cyanide they contain.

00:09:07Don't panic right away.

00:09:09The seeds are covered with a protective layer.

00:09:11That's why cyanide

00:09:13doesn't get into your system

00:09:15even if you swallow the seeds.

00:09:17You have to be careful, though.

00:09:19This amount of cyanide

00:09:21can cause an acceleration of the breath

00:09:23and other extreme and unpleasant effects.

00:09:25Another danger lurking in your kitchen

00:09:27are potatoes,

00:09:29the ones with eyes and green spots.

00:09:31Getting rid of the green spots by cutting them

00:09:33only solves the problem aesthetically.

00:09:35These potatoes can contain

00:09:37toxic substances called glycoalkaloids.

00:09:39These are the substances

00:09:41that cause this green color

00:09:43and it's a warning signal.

00:09:45Eating green potatoes

00:09:47can cause nausea, headaches,

00:09:49and other symptoms.

00:09:51Are you a fan of bubble tea?

00:09:53So you know tapioca well.

00:09:55It's a tuberous root

00:09:57grown mainly in South America.

00:09:59It's also often used

00:10:01to make cakes and crisps.

00:10:03Tapioca can be sweet or bitter.

00:10:05All varieties of tapioca roots

00:10:07and tubercles contain toxins.

00:10:09That's why you have to prepare it properly.

00:10:11If it's not well cooked

00:10:13or even served raw,

00:10:15it can be serious.

00:10:17But when it's properly prepared,

00:10:19it's delicious and safe.

00:10:21Tapioca berries are recommended

00:10:23as a food to boost the immune system

00:10:25and help the body fight rheumatism and the flu.

00:10:27This medicinal plant

00:10:29must be handled and prepared

00:10:31meticulously.

00:10:33If you eat the berries before they ripen,

00:10:35it can make things worse,

00:10:37especially because of the lectins

00:10:39and cyanide they contain,

00:10:41which can cause stomach problems.

00:10:43This example makes me sadder

00:10:45than all the others on this list.

00:10:47And the list includes a lot of healthy products.

00:10:49Too bad, let's go.

00:10:51I spit the piece.

00:10:53I'm talking about popcorn.

00:10:55There are many studies

00:10:57that show that popcorn prepared in the microwave

00:10:59is bad for your health.

00:11:01First of all, you ingest the chemical products

00:11:03contained in the packaging.

00:11:05But not only that,

00:11:07there are also a lot of taste exhaustors

00:11:09that are not healthy.

00:11:11This experiment can cause irreversible damage

00:11:13to your lungs.

00:11:15There is a medical diagnosis

00:11:17called popcorn lungs

00:11:19that questions a chemical product

00:11:21used to give this smell of butter

00:11:23to popcorn prepared in the microwave.

00:11:25What to do?

00:11:27You can choose other packaging options

00:11:29or invest in an air popcorn machine.

00:11:31The popcorns prepared this way

00:11:33only contain 90 calories

00:11:35and less than 1 gram of fat.

00:11:37Number 6. Honey

00:11:39Honey is a liquid and sweet product

00:11:41produced by the... I'm kidding.

00:11:43But do you know that natural honey

00:11:45is dangerous for your health

00:11:47if you eat more than a teaspoon?

00:11:49It contains a toxin whose name is difficult to pronounce.

00:11:51To get rid of this toxin,

00:11:53honey must be pasteurized.

00:11:55We continue with the core of cherries.

00:11:57If you don't bite into it,

00:11:59everything will be fine.

00:12:01But know that it contains hydrogen cyanide.

00:12:03And that's poison.

00:12:05The fruit of which, do you know?

00:12:07It is the national fruit of Jamaica.

00:12:09It turns out that this fruit,

00:12:11if it is not ripe, contains a poison

00:12:13called hypoglycin.

00:12:15The fruit of which must be completely ripe

00:12:17if you decide to eat it.

00:12:19It should open by itself.

00:12:21When it is ready to be picked,

00:12:23it will open completely.

00:12:25The toxic pink flesh and black seeds are no.

00:12:27But the creamy pulp all around the seeds

00:12:29is yes.

00:12:31If the fruit is poorly consumed,

00:12:33it can cause the disease of vomiting in Jamaica.

00:12:35The fugu

00:12:37means globefish in Japanese

00:12:39and the base dish of this same fish.

00:12:41Its particularity?

00:12:43It can become the last dish of your life

00:12:45if it is not properly prepared.

00:12:47This fish contains an extremely dangerous toxin

00:12:49for humans.

00:12:51A single fish can intoxicate

00:12:5330 people.

00:12:55This is why Japanese chefs

00:12:57follow years of training

00:12:59in order to obtain a special license

00:13:01to be able to serve fugu.

00:13:03Despite all the precautions in the preparation,

00:13:05fugu has unfortunately been fatal

00:13:07for some.

00:13:09Would you take the risk?

00:13:11They are perfect for nibbling.

00:13:13These are cashew nuts.

00:13:15They can also be very dangerous

00:13:17if they are eaten raw.

00:13:19You can buy cashew nuts in stores

00:13:21labeled as raw,

00:13:23but they are not 100%.

00:13:25Before landing in the stores,

00:13:27they are steamed to eliminate a toxin

00:13:29called urushiol.

00:13:31What happens

00:13:33if you eat a raw cashew nut?

00:13:35You can have a strong allergic reaction

00:13:37if you are sensitive to certain substances.

00:13:39It all depends on this sensitivity.

00:13:41Speaking of raw food,

00:13:43know that raw red beans

00:13:45are just as dangerous.

00:13:47They contain toxins called lectins.

00:13:49They can cause stomach aches

00:13:51and problems related to digestion.

00:13:53You have to swallow 4 or 5 raw beans

00:13:55to feel its side effects.

00:13:57Red beans are rich

00:13:59in plant proteins,

00:14:01vitamins and minerals.

00:14:03Cook them enough

00:14:05to enjoy their benefits.

00:14:07They must be cooked

00:14:09for at least 10 minutes.

00:14:11Boiling them for less

00:14:13and at a low temperature

00:14:15can even increase their toxicity.

00:14:17They can become even more toxic

00:14:19than when they are raw.

00:14:21So yes,

00:14:2310 minutes minimum

00:14:25and at high temperature.

00:14:27Rhubarb leaves

00:14:29can also cause some problems.

00:14:31You can eat the stem,

00:14:33but it is better to avoid the leaves.

00:14:35They contain oxalic acid

00:14:37which prevents the body

00:14:39from properly assimilating

00:14:41the right amount of calcium.

00:14:43Mushrooms.

00:14:45Many people think that pizza

00:14:47and pasta are not really great

00:14:49without mushrooms.

00:14:51But we all know

00:14:53that we have to be careful

00:14:55with mushrooms.

00:14:57Carambol is also a risky choice

00:14:59for people with kidney problems.

00:15:01If you are one of them,

00:15:03it is better to avoid this fruit.

00:15:05Properly functioning kidneys

00:15:07can filter the toxins

00:15:09contained in carambol.

00:15:11In the opposite case,

00:15:13toxins remain in the body

00:15:15and can cause problems.

00:15:17Let's continue with our list.

00:15:19The next food is nutmeg.

00:15:21If you also like this peppery taste,

00:15:23small quantities of this spice

00:15:25are not a problem.

00:15:27But if you decide to eat

00:15:29whole spoons,

00:15:31it is a bit risky.

00:15:33Two small spoons

00:15:35and guess what happens?

00:15:37You are intoxicated.

00:15:39The canned tuna can save your life.

00:15:41It is cheap,

00:15:43a good source of protein

00:15:45and thanks to it,

00:15:47you can prepare delicious dishes

00:15:49very quickly.

00:15:51You can eat tuna

00:15:53between 3 and 5 times a week.

00:15:55You risk an intoxication

00:15:57with nutmeg.

00:15:59It is a side effect

00:16:01related to the type of food

00:16:03consumed and their quantity.

00:16:05Canned tuna contains

00:16:07nutmeg and that's why

00:16:09if you eat too much,

00:16:11you can get intoxicated.

00:16:13Doctors say that all fish

00:16:15contain variable quantities

00:16:17of nutmeg

00:16:19and that seafood

00:16:21are excellent sources of omega-3

00:16:23and other essential elements

00:16:25for our brain and our health.

00:16:27To avoid any complications,

00:16:29experts advise to prefer

00:16:31seafood, poor in mercury.

00:16:33Then, here is an interesting information

00:16:35about the intake of omega-3 fatty acids.

00:16:37It is better to choose tuna water

00:16:39rather than tuna oil.

00:16:41In tuna oil jars,

00:16:43the latter mixes with the natural fats

00:16:45of the fish.

00:16:47In doing so, you eliminate

00:16:49the omega-3 that was mixed with the oil.

00:16:51But oil and water do not mix.

00:16:53Tuna water will not lose its omega-3.

00:16:55You can add oil

00:16:57to season it after being served.

00:16:59It is difficult to know

00:17:01if an egg is still good,

00:17:03especially if we no longer see

00:17:05the expiration date on the carton.

00:17:07If you want to make a hard egg

00:17:09but it has been dragging

00:17:11in your fridge for a long time,

00:17:13make sure it does not float in the water.

00:17:15If you have to make scrambled eggs,

00:17:17it is much easier.

00:17:19You just have to smell the eggs

00:17:21to know if they are still good.

00:17:23Do not throw the tomato slices.

00:17:25Throw a little more carefully.

00:17:27Yes, large cracks in vegetables

00:17:29can be dangerous

00:17:31as they attract flies

00:17:33and promote mold

00:17:35and bacterial development.

00:17:37But small cracks will not hurt you.

00:17:39If you are particularly careful,

00:17:41just cut the cracked part

00:17:43except in case of canned food.

00:17:45Tomatoes may explode.

00:17:47Bananas,

00:17:49apples and potatoes burn

00:17:51and there is no harm in that.

00:17:53It is a completely natural process.

00:17:55When these foods are exposed to air,

00:17:57the inside oxidizes,

00:17:59hence the burning.

00:18:01There is a way to prevent this reaction.

00:18:03You can put a little lemon juice

00:18:05on your apples, for example.

00:18:07You can also just put them in the fridge.

00:18:09Imagine you go home

00:18:11after going to the supermarket.

00:18:13Your shopping bag breaks

00:18:15and all your purchases spread on the sidewalk.

00:18:17When you get home,

00:18:19you notice that your vegetables are badly damaged.

00:18:21Trust me, it's not a problem.

00:18:23Yes, their structure is damaged,

00:18:25but they are still perfectly edible.

00:18:27It is better, however,

00:18:29to eliminate the damaged parts

00:18:31as they are conducive to the development of microbes.

00:18:33It looks like this watermelon

00:18:35has just been tattooed.

00:18:37The result is really cool,

00:18:39but the watermelon does not go to the tattoo artist

00:18:41and the only decoration that the shoppers can add

00:18:43is a barcode.

00:18:45This pattern indicates that the watermelon

00:18:47is in some way sick.

00:18:49Officially, it is a mosaic virus

00:18:51and it develops on pumpkins

00:18:53and other vegetables.

00:18:55Good news, you can still eat your watermelon

00:18:57and the virus will not hurt you,

00:18:59unless you are part of the family

00:19:01of the Cucurbitaceae

00:19:03and you are a pumpkin or a potty.

00:19:05Yes, it sounds crazy,

00:19:07but your fermented pasteurized milk

00:19:09will not hurt you.

00:19:11You will probably not like the smell

00:19:13and if the smell does not convince you,

00:19:15you can use it to make homemade cheese

00:19:17or pancakes.

00:19:19Trust your instinct.

00:19:21If you do not feel it, throw it away.

00:19:23It is better to avoid taking risks

00:19:25with dairy products.

00:19:27As for vegetable milk,

00:19:29some people think that as soon as it chokes,

00:19:31it is to be thrown away.

00:19:33This is not quite the case.

00:19:35You will see that it is probably still good.

00:19:37Green is often synonymous

00:19:39with freshness,

00:19:41but remember that it can also be synonymous

00:19:43with toxicity.

00:19:45The green parts of potatoes,

00:19:47their buds and their eyes

00:19:49are naturally toxic.

00:19:51No matter how long you fry your fries,

00:19:53there will always be toxins.

00:19:55Here are two things you should

00:19:57absolutely avoid in potatoes.

00:19:59The green color and a bitter taste.

00:20:01Your potatoes are green,

00:20:03but if you have a weird taste,

00:20:05do not hesitate to throw them away.

00:20:07Germs do not indicate that your vegetables

00:20:09are blooming.

00:20:11They indicate that they are a little too old.

00:20:13Do you know what that means?

00:20:15Yes, it's time to throw them away.

00:20:17Good news for pasta lovers.

00:20:19Dry pasta does not perish.

00:20:21Never. Or almost.

00:20:23Well, the real eternal food is honey,

00:20:25but pasta is also very well placed

00:20:27on the scale of longevity.

00:20:29It does not like too much air and humidity,

00:20:31so it is better to keep closed boxes

00:20:33of pasta that will last about two years,

00:20:35while open packets of pasta

00:20:37will last about a year.

00:20:39You enjoy your holidays in the Caribbean.

00:20:41Nature is luxurious.

00:20:43Look at this tree full of delicious fruits.

00:20:45Do you want to pick one?

00:20:47Not so fast.

00:20:49There is even a sign that says

00:20:51toxic.

00:20:53And yes, the sign is also translated into Spanish

00:20:55and German so that everyone knows.

00:20:57These fruits look like simple apples,

00:20:59but unless you want to starve

00:21:01because you did everything you wanted

00:21:03in life,

00:21:05you should not eat them.

00:21:07Do not touch them either

00:21:09and do not approach the tree.

00:21:11Yes, almost all parts of this tree

00:21:13can hurt you.

00:21:15There is another problem.

00:21:17It's really hard to get rid of it.

00:21:19When you cut the tree, a white liquid

00:21:21spills from the trunk.

00:21:23The result is not very pleasant.

00:21:25Bells and burns.

00:21:27If a drop of this liquid comes into contact

00:21:29with your eyes, you will become blind

00:21:31for a while.

00:21:33Good news, there is still a technique

00:21:35to control these trees.

00:21:37You must first burn them at the base,

00:21:39staying preferably at a distance.

00:21:41The tree falls and must be left to dry

00:21:43in the sun for a while.

00:21:45Once dry, the tree can be cut

00:21:47without danger.

00:21:49There are also wooden furniture

00:21:51that are not dangerous.

00:21:53Strangely.

00:21:55This is the fruit of football.

00:21:57The first can hurt you

00:21:59if you take one in your head,

00:22:01but the second is slightly more dangerous,

00:22:03even if it does not look like it.

00:22:05The fruit of football is another example

00:22:07of food to avoid.

00:22:09Chefs must really know

00:22:11all the characteristics of food.

00:22:13The seeds of this fruit are highly toxic.

00:22:15Despite everything, people have learned

00:22:17to use poisonous parts for medical reasons

00:22:19and even in the kitchen.

00:22:21For example, the fruit of football

00:22:23is used to kill parasites

00:22:25and to keep fish in the Philippines.

00:22:27Guacamole is better

00:22:29when it is made with very creamy avocados.

00:22:31But sometimes these very ripe avocados

00:22:33have dots or brown lines

00:22:35in the flesh.

00:22:37No worries, they are still edible,

00:22:39but the taste will not be better.

00:22:41If you want to make a shrimp avocado salad,

00:22:43be careful of this brown line

00:22:45on the back of the shrimp.

00:22:47It's their digestive tube.

00:22:49And by cooking it,

00:22:51it does not give life, does it?

00:22:53Ah, and what is this white thing

00:22:55full of holes in your mango?

00:22:57It is not the core,

00:22:59but it looks like it.

00:23:01In reality, it is simply a part of the mango,

00:23:03particularly rich in starch.

00:23:05It is edible,

00:23:07at least all around the white part.

00:23:09You cut a fish in half.

00:23:11The core is weird.

00:23:13The area all around is all bristled

00:23:15and the core itself is cracked.

00:23:17That's funny.

00:23:19The core probably appeared

00:23:21when the fish was still on the tree.

00:23:23And all this weird matter

00:23:25just around is the sign that the fish

00:23:27tried to repair the damage.

00:23:29Another info on the fish.

00:23:31The black dots on the skin.

00:23:33Do I eat or throw?

00:23:35I eat.

00:23:37But do not forget to peel it before.

00:23:39If the flesh of the fish looks quite good,

00:23:41do not hesitate to eat it.

00:23:43Once again, follow your instinct

00:23:45and your nose too, probably.

00:23:47Normally, there is no problem.

00:23:49This is a frequent question.

00:23:51The peel.

00:23:53It does not pose any problem,

00:23:55even if it is a mushroom.

00:23:57From the outside, it is not particularly appetizing,

00:23:59but we do not care.

00:24:01The important thing is that the apple

00:24:03is always delicious.

00:24:05Once again, it is better to remove the damaged parts.

00:24:07And what happens if the strawberries

00:24:09in your fridge are wet

00:24:11and it looks like they are soaking in juice?

00:24:13So yes, that's a sign.

00:24:15You have to get rid of it.

00:24:17They have dragged in your fridge for too long

00:24:19and they are vulnerable to germs.

00:24:21In addition, they will not have the same taste

00:24:23as when they were fresh and beautiful.

00:24:25Want some salmon?

00:24:27Ah yes, if you cook it in the oven

00:24:29or in the pan, you will notice a whitish substance

00:24:31that emanates from the flesh.

00:24:33Do you know what that means?

00:24:35Take your cutlery and get ready to enjoy yourself.

00:24:37This substance is composed of

00:24:39coagulated protein

00:24:41and it is perfectly edible.

00:24:43Do you remember?

00:24:45You should not eat germinated potatoes.

00:24:47Yes, but germinated sweet potatoes

00:24:49are still good to eat

00:24:51and the taste does not change.

00:24:53In fact, even germs are edible.

00:24:55But hey, let's be careful

00:24:57and throw them anyway in doubt.

00:24:59And no, it is not possible to see

00:25:01the Great Wall of China from space.

00:25:03It is a myth that leaves us thinking,

00:25:05but it is nothing more than a received idea.

00:25:07NASA has confirmed it, and now you know it too.

00:25:09Yet the wall is a magnificent place.

00:25:11And today is your lucky day.

00:25:13We are going to take you there.

00:25:15So buckle up.

00:25:17We are going to China, the largest country in Asia

00:25:19and the third largest territory in the world.

00:25:21And with its more than 1.3 billion inhabitants,

00:25:23still the most populated of today.

00:25:25Even if India approaches it

00:25:27and will probably soon

00:25:29take the first place.

00:25:31China is also

00:25:33one of the oldest nations in the world

00:25:35with 3,500 years of uninterrupted history.

00:25:37But civilization

00:25:39already existed before that.

00:25:41Historians believe that China

00:25:43was not populated by settlers

00:25:45from elsewhere at the origin.

00:25:47Chinese civilization

00:25:49is very likely formed from

00:25:51the local populations of the Stone Age

00:25:53who lived on this territory since prehistory.

00:25:55It is therefore not surprising

00:25:57that the country is full of history

00:25:59and ancient monuments.

00:26:01And we will show you some.

00:26:03We are at the Great Wall.

00:26:05It is more than 21,000 km long,

00:26:07the distance that separates New York from Los Angeles.

00:26:09Or even a little longer

00:26:11than the distance between the North Pole and the South Pole.

00:26:13It's impressive in itself.

00:26:15Even in our time.

00:26:17Of course, it did not happen in one day.

00:26:19In fact, the wall was erected

00:26:21over the centuries.

00:26:23You probably know that the ancient cities

00:26:25were surrounded by ramparts

00:26:27to protect their inhabitants from invaders.

00:26:29Well, the Chinese cities also had one.

00:26:31The first emperor of China unified the country

00:26:33in 220 BC

00:26:35with a brilliant and ambitious plan.

00:26:37He transformed all the houses of all the cities

00:26:39into a gigantic wall

00:26:41that would defend the border of the empire.

00:26:43This is how the process began.

00:26:45And at first, the wall was made

00:26:47only of beaten earth and wood.

00:26:49Each successive emperor resumed

00:26:51the project of the Great Wall,

00:26:53strengthening it, extending it

00:26:55and repairing it as and when necessary.

00:26:57But also bringing more modern

00:26:59construction techniques.

00:27:01Some favored bricks to erect the wall,

00:27:03but these platforms did not exist at first.

00:27:05They were added 19 centuries

00:27:07after the beginning of construction.

00:27:09The wall is therefore not very homogeneous

00:27:11in terms of materials.

00:27:13But this only adds to its charm

00:27:15and shows the time and effort needed.

00:27:17You can notice that some bricks

00:27:19have engraved inscriptions.

00:27:21They were left by the workers

00:27:23in charge of these works.

00:27:25These inscriptions were intended to guarantee quality.

00:27:27They contain a mine of information

00:27:29such as the location, the quality of the stone

00:27:31and who was responsible for the construction.

00:27:33Thus, in the event of a problem

00:27:35related to the material or the design,

00:27:37it was immediately known who was responsible.

00:27:39Do not forget either that the wall is toxic.

00:27:41To prevent it from being attacked

00:27:43by insects, arsenic,

00:27:45a famous poison, was included

00:27:47in its construction.

00:27:49It is therefore better not to lick it.

00:27:51Sometimes, killing this kind of weird luby.

00:27:53Construction stopped at the end of the 19th century

00:27:55because the wall had lost its strategic

00:27:57and military importance

00:27:59thanks to the technological advances of the world.

00:28:01The walls of encyclopedias

00:28:03are much less practical than before.

00:28:05Their efficiency is still close to zero.

00:28:07Construction has therefore lasted more than 2,000 years,

00:28:09which still makes it

00:28:11the longest construction project in the world.

00:28:15Alas, today the Great Wall

00:28:17looks rather pale.

00:28:19It is estimated that only 8% of these walls

00:28:21are still in good condition,

00:28:23the rest being considerably damaged.

00:28:25In addition, about a third of the wall

00:28:27has disappeared without leaving a trace

00:28:29due to natural erosion and damage

00:28:31caused by man.

00:28:33In addition, many bricks were removed

00:28:35from the wall during the last century

00:28:37to be used in the construction

00:28:39of farms and houses.

00:28:41Today, the wall is deconstructed

00:28:43stone by stone, but this time

00:28:45by tourists.

00:28:47Many of them tear down a stone

00:28:49as a souvenir.

00:28:51This makes a lot of stones,

00:28:53knowing that more than 50 million tourists

00:28:55do not have any memory

00:28:57of our trip today,

00:28:59but we will simply keep the memory.

00:29:01Now let's visit the Forbidden City.

00:29:03It is an imperial palace

00:29:05whose construction lasted 16 years

00:29:07and was completed 600 years ago.

00:29:09Today it is still the largest palace in the world.

00:29:11It has 980 buildings

00:29:13and more than 8,000 rooms.

00:29:15Why is it forbidden?

00:29:17Well, centuries ago,

00:29:19people like you and me

00:29:21could not walk in the streets of this city

00:29:23because it was considered a sacred place

00:29:25intended to shelter the emperor.

00:29:27No one could enter or leave the city

00:29:29without his permission.

00:29:31Today, the Chinese call it

00:29:33the Old Palace,

00:29:35the equivalent in Mandarin

00:29:37that we will not even try to pronounce.

00:29:39Its design is not at all due to chance.

00:29:41Its details reflect

00:29:43the traditional Chinese architecture

00:29:45and even the colors are chosen

00:29:47in accordance with the Feng Shui philosophy.

00:29:49The roofs of the city are yellow,

00:29:51which represented the supreme power of the emperor.

00:29:53Most of the walls

00:29:55and pillars of the city are red,

00:29:57representing fire, earth

00:29:59and robustness.

00:30:01The floors are made of gold bricks.

00:30:03It is not gold

00:30:05to speak of,

00:30:07but surprisingly they are just as precious.

00:30:09It is very difficult to make them

00:30:11and especially to reproduce this ancient technique.

00:30:13Two original slabs of the Forbidden City

00:30:15were sold for 800,000 yuan,

00:30:17or 106,000 euros.

00:30:21We can also see

00:30:23statues of animals on the roof.

00:30:25Just like the colors,

00:30:27they carry a meaning in Chinese culture.

00:30:29Dragons, phoenixes and lions

00:30:31are the most powerful.

00:30:33Dragons symbolize strength and good fortune

00:30:35and occupy a central place in this culture.

00:30:37They appear everywhere,

00:30:39in Chinese idioms, legends,

00:30:41astrology, art, etc.

00:30:43In ancient China, emperors were

00:30:45considered sons of dragons.

00:30:47It seems that the Targaryens of Game of Thrones

00:30:49and ordinary people

00:30:51were not even allowed to hold objects

00:30:53to the dragon's effigy.

00:30:55As for the phoenix,

00:30:57in Chinese mythology,

00:30:59its rare appearance

00:31:01during the accession to the throne

00:31:03of a new emperor

00:31:05was a sign of good luck.

00:31:07In Feng Shui,

00:31:09it is also a symbol of good luck

00:31:11and when it is used in a good way,

00:31:13it is supposed to bring

00:31:15positive energy to the house.

00:31:17A small animal on the roof

00:31:19indicates the importance of the building.

00:31:21The city is made of wood

00:31:23and without any nails.

00:31:25These were associated with violence

00:31:27and have never been welcome.

00:31:29You can imagine that a city made of wood

00:31:31presents serious risks of fire.

00:31:33A small spark would be enough

00:31:35for the city, whose history dates back six centuries,

00:31:37to be quickly reduced to ashes.

00:31:39The fire prevention is therefore taken very seriously.

00:31:41The Forbidden City has a variety

00:31:43of fire fighting equipment.

00:31:45There is even a special brigade of firefighters

00:31:47who know the plan of the city like the back of their hand

00:31:49and who monitor it every day.

00:31:53As you walk around the city,

00:31:55you will notice something quite unusual.

00:31:57No birds ever land on these roofs.

00:31:59During the construction of the city,

00:32:01we took care of the birds

00:32:03and the engineers directed these roofs

00:32:05in a particular way

00:32:07so that no bird could land

00:32:09where it would stay.

00:32:11The edges of the roofs are wider

00:32:13and the height of each is elevated.

00:32:15In addition, the roofs are made of sliding tiles

00:32:17so that the volatiles

00:32:19cannot hold at all.

00:32:21What was there against the birds?

00:32:23Well, in this way,

00:32:25the city remains cleaner and more majestic.

00:32:29There are certainly no birds,

00:32:31but there are more than 100 cats

00:32:33that roam the city.

00:32:35They also play an important role in this story.

00:32:37Some of these cats

00:32:39come directly from the imperial family,

00:32:41the dynasties that occupied the Forbidden City

00:32:43owned cats.

00:32:45These dynasties then collapsed,

00:32:47but the cats remained in the city

00:32:49and have lived there since then.

00:32:51Of course, some stray cats

00:32:53joined the imperial family over the years,

00:32:55but no one cares about it

00:32:57and no DNA test has been carried out

00:32:59to determine which one

00:33:01could be an authentic aristocat.

00:33:03After all, they all roam the city

00:33:05in the same way, hunt mice

00:33:07and maybe some stray birds

00:33:09It's a beautiful Saturday afternoon

00:33:11and you are shopping in your usual supermarket

00:33:13when you come across a packet

00:33:15inflated with fresh products.

00:33:17You check the information

00:33:19on the product.

00:33:21It seems to have far exceeded

00:33:23its expiration date.

00:33:25So why this strange shape?

00:33:27The answer is not always obvious.

00:33:29For some types of fresh products,

00:33:31such as meat, fish or seafood,

00:33:33sometimes even salads and cheese,

00:33:35scientists have developed

00:33:37Modified Atmosphere Packaging

00:33:39or Packaging en Atmosphère Modifié

00:33:41in French.

00:33:43In order to keep these types of products

00:33:45relatively short,

00:33:47fresh as long as possible,

00:33:49a combination of gases

00:33:51is introduced into the packaging.

00:33:53This happens even before

00:33:55the product reaches your store.

00:33:57A French professor

00:33:59from the Montpellier Pharmacy School

00:34:01came up with this method

00:34:03after noticing that fruits

00:34:05contain oxygen.

00:34:07The types of gases contained

00:34:09in MAP packages can vary

00:34:11from one product to another,

00:34:13but the main idea is to reduce

00:34:15the oxygen content,

00:34:17usually replaced by nitrogen

00:34:19or carbon dioxide.

00:34:21Don't forget that an inflated

00:34:23packet of salad,

00:34:25even if it has not yet

00:34:27exceeded its expiration date,

00:34:29is not necessarily good to consume.

00:34:31The gases inside the bag

00:34:33are used to check

00:34:35that the product is not expired.

00:34:37If it has not exceeded the date,

00:34:39check if there are unusual smells

00:34:41or if the packaging is damaged.

00:34:43If something seems abnormal to you,

00:34:45it is better not to take any risk.

00:34:47You can contact any store employee

00:34:49if you have any questions or concerns.

00:34:51Nowadays, most supermarkets

00:34:53have a provision that allows

00:34:55a logical order of purchase,

00:34:57such as buying non-perishable items

00:34:59first, then adding frozen

00:35:01fruits and vegetables so that

00:35:03they do not end up crushed

00:35:05at the bottom of your basket.

00:35:07And while we are talking about

00:35:09fruits and vegetables,

00:35:11try to buy them in the morning

00:35:13if possible.

00:35:15Those who stay there all day

00:35:17may lose some of their shape

00:35:19and texture, while others

00:35:21may be a little flabby.

00:35:23Now, a little tip on

00:35:25waste management.

00:35:27Never buy more food than

00:35:29you have eaten for so long,

00:35:31so it is better not to give in

00:35:33to all your cravings.

00:35:35Shopping with a full stomach

00:35:37can also help you,

00:35:39just like shopping with a list

00:35:41of things you need to buy.

00:35:43Carefully inspecting the packaging

00:35:45of each product can also

00:35:47save you money later.

00:35:49Frozen products must be

00:35:51fresh or touched,

00:35:53while frozen products

00:35:55must be solid and

00:35:57fresh as possible.

00:35:59In general, they must not stay

00:36:01out of the refrigerator for

00:36:03more than 2 hours,

00:36:05otherwise their quality

00:36:07may be altered.

00:36:09Buying aromatic herbs in pots

00:36:11may not be the first thing

00:36:13on your list, but it is

00:36:15surely something to consider.

00:36:17Not only are they available

00:36:19for a modest price,

00:36:21but they are also easy

00:36:23to grow and maintain.

00:36:25If you are still in the store,

00:36:27don't forget to buy coffee filters.

00:36:29You may not have a filter machine

00:36:31at home, but they have

00:36:33many other uses.

00:36:35They can be used to filter liquids,

00:36:37to safely stack delicate porcelain

00:36:39in your cupboards,

00:36:41or even to polish your windows

00:36:43or shoes.

00:36:45If your favorite fruits and vegetables

00:36:47are on sale, but buying large

00:36:49quantities would mean wasting them,

00:36:51think about freezing them.

00:36:53You can make reservations

00:36:55for smoothies, especially

00:36:57for the cold season when

00:36:59the options are limited in terms

00:37:01of fresh fruits, and don't

00:37:03worry about catching the first

00:37:05thing on your list, especially

00:37:07if they may spoil quickly.

00:37:09Stores re-supply their products

00:37:11according to the principle of

00:37:13first come, first served.

00:37:15The items at the bottom of the

00:37:17shelves are therefore always

00:37:19a little fresher.

00:37:21Not only will you reduce your

00:37:23expenses, but you will also be

00:37:25able to make your own homemade

00:37:27mixtures. Leaf tea also has

00:37:29a stronger taste than bagged

00:37:31tea. As for other household

00:37:33items, make reservations for

00:37:35bulbs, napkins and batteries.

00:37:37There is a good chance that

00:37:39you will one day need one of

00:37:41these items, which is why it

00:37:43is preferable to buy them in

00:37:45large quantities when they are

00:37:47on sale. They will never be

00:37:49sold out.

00:37:53Try to reduce the number of

00:37:55times you go shopping to buy

00:37:57only one item. It is inefficient

00:37:59and you will probably end up

00:38:01buying things you don't really

00:38:03need. This shopping list is

00:38:05starting to make a lot more

00:38:07sense now, isn't it?

00:38:09Another list that is worth

00:38:11being made is the one that

00:38:13contains everything you have

00:38:15in your refrigerator. Try to

00:38:17make a list of everything you

00:38:19have in your refrigerator.

00:38:21If you already know what you

00:38:23will eat for Wednesday's

00:38:25dinner, why add something

00:38:27else to the basket if it is

00:38:29useless? At the same time,

00:38:31try to be creative with

00:38:33your leftovers. Why throw them

00:38:35away when you can mix and

00:38:37combine them, or add some

00:38:39herbs or additional flavors

00:38:41to make them better?

00:38:43Put your leftovers in transparent

00:38:45containers. It is just as pleasant

00:38:47to consider them as ingredients

00:38:49rather than as vulgar leftovers.

00:38:51Use the leftover pasta or steamed

00:38:53cooked vegetables to make an

00:38:55omelette. Mix your cooked

00:38:57vegetables with a few tomatoes

00:38:59to create a sauce for the pasta.

00:39:01Prepare some wraps for the

00:39:03next day's lunch with anything

00:39:05from rice to meat, including

00:39:07vegetables. If you are really

00:39:09looking for the simplest method

00:39:11to keep the leftovers, you can

00:39:13simply add a can of broth

00:39:15and mix everything.

00:39:17Even an old loaf of bread

00:39:19can be saved if you cut it

00:39:21diagonally, sprinkle the slices

00:39:23with a few herbs and olive oil

00:39:25and put them in the oven for a

00:39:27few minutes. You will then have

00:39:29beautiful homemade croutons

00:39:31for your leftover soup.

00:39:33A little trick about labels

00:39:35never hurts anyone either.

00:39:37Be aware of the ingredients you

00:39:39have never heard of or those

00:39:41that you can't pronounce.

00:39:43It is generally necessary to avoid

00:39:45products whose packaging contains

00:39:47more than 5 ingredients.

00:39:49Even the way you shop at the

00:39:51supermarket can have an impact

00:39:53on what you buy and how.

00:39:55If you prefer baskets to baskets,

00:39:57you are more inclined to impulsive

00:39:59purchases. This is what a study

00:40:01published by the Journal of

00:40:03Marketing Research states.

00:40:05This is due to the effort you

00:40:07make to actually transport the

00:40:09products you buy.

00:40:11If you do not have a label,

00:40:13you will probably be comfortable

00:40:15enough to evaluate enough

00:40:17products and read the labels

00:40:19carefully. When your shopping

00:40:21list is not too long,

00:40:23opt for the automatic box

00:40:25if it is available.

00:40:27Studies have shown that

00:40:29impulsive purchases are reduced

00:40:31to 32% if you have to scan

00:40:33your own articles when

00:40:35leaving. This is because the

00:40:37label can put your unwanted

00:40:39articles out of your basket,

00:40:41and if someone else is following

00:40:43you, good luck coming back.

00:40:45Food on the shelves can also

00:40:47be a threat to your budget

00:40:49and your habits. As people

00:40:51are more inclined to buy

00:40:53the articles they see first,

00:40:55the most expensive products are

00:40:57placed at eye level and the

00:40:59economic options are placed on

00:41:01the shelves at the top and

00:41:03bottom. Take your time and

00:41:05see that most of the articles

00:41:07placed on the upper or lower shelves

00:41:09are often not only more

00:41:11economical, but also less rich

00:41:13in additives or artificial flavors.

00:41:15In short, be careful,

00:41:17supermarkets are a real jungle.

00:41:19In many cities and forests,

00:41:21there are color marks on

00:41:23trees that may seem strange

00:41:25to the naked eye. In fact,

00:41:27most of these markings are used

00:41:29for two reasons. First, to make

00:41:31trees come out to be cut,

00:41:33or to avoid, and then to establish

00:41:35a line of visible markings

00:41:37delimiting a portion of the forest

00:41:39that you own. There are no specific

00:41:41rules for the color or shape of the markings,

00:41:43but the most universal for the cut

00:41:45are blue lines, while those

00:41:47that indicate preservation are

00:41:49generally orange or yellow.

00:41:51Trees located within the city limits

00:41:53are generally marked for the cut

00:41:55by lines or red dots,

00:41:57orange or yellow. If you see

00:41:59such a marking on a tree and your

00:42:01car is parked nearby, it is better

00:42:03to move it to prevent the tree

00:42:05from falling on it when it is cut.

00:42:07Trees in a forest can be marked

00:42:09for their preservation, especially

00:42:11if they are of interest to wildlife

00:42:13such as cavities in which

00:42:15animals can settle, or because

00:42:17there are nests on their branches.

00:42:19It is common to leave trees

00:42:21intact so as not to disturb

00:42:23birds and other animals that are there.

00:42:25Large trees with seeds

00:42:27and nuts are marked in the

00:42:29same way because they provide

00:42:31food to many animals that feed

00:42:33on these fruits. Surprisingly,

00:42:35trees in poor health can also be

00:42:37protected, for example, if the

00:42:39green pines seem to appreciate them,

00:42:41which means that they receive many

00:42:43insects, including crazy birds.

00:42:45Colored markings on trees in a forest

00:42:47can also mean their belonging

00:42:49to a certain limit to an owner

00:42:51who wants to let him know.

00:42:53These marks can be of any color

00:42:55and any shape, but they always

00:42:57have specific characteristics

00:42:59that you cannot miss. The first is that

00:43:01the marks are aligned relatively straight

00:43:03so as to signify the limit of a territory.

00:43:05The second characteristic is that

00:43:07according to the rules, the marks must

00:43:09be close enough to each other

00:43:11so that the next is clearly visible

00:43:13from the previous and vice versa.

00:43:15Some think that yellow marks

00:43:17are left on female ginkgo trees

00:43:19that grow around American cities,

00:43:21but there is no concrete proof of this.

00:43:23On the other hand, you can find a detailed map

00:43:25of the location of these trees in New York

00:43:27or in Washington, for example.

00:43:29Female ginkgo trees deserve their own map

00:43:31because they produce fruits that smell

00:43:33like rosewood. If you've ever had a piece

00:43:35of rancid butter in your kitchen,

00:43:37you probably know this scent.

00:43:39These trees were brought to the United States

00:43:41in the 18th and 19th centuries,

00:43:43at a time when the trend for exotism

00:43:45was strong. And like ginkgo trees,

00:43:47they are very robust trees that can

00:43:49withstand difficult conditions

00:43:51and have become popular in the country.

00:43:53Many cities planted them

00:43:55for decoration, but unfortunately

00:43:57many of them turned out

00:43:59to be female. To prevent trees

00:44:01from spreading their unpleasant smell

00:44:03in cities, they were sprayed

00:44:05with a special solution that prevents them

00:44:07from fructifying. The solution is

00:44:09harmless to people and animals,

00:44:11so there is no need to worry about being

00:44:13nearby when they are treated.

00:44:15Color marks can also be seen

00:44:17in the streets, not just on trees.

00:44:19If you walk around the city and see

00:44:21red lines on the sidewalk for example,

00:44:23it means there is a line or

00:44:25an electric cable underneath.

00:44:27These lines are red to draw attention

00:44:29to the potential danger, because if

00:44:31the cables are damaged by digging,

00:44:33it can lead to serious problems.

00:44:35Maybe even worse than with gas pipes.

00:44:37The orange lines essentially

00:44:39have the same meaning, except that

00:44:41they indicate the presence of a line

00:44:43or a telecommunication or signaling cable.

00:44:45These cables do not carry

00:44:47electricity, so disturbing them

00:44:49is not as serious as damaging

00:44:51electric cables, but it would still

00:44:53cause a lot of inconvenience to

00:44:55the people of the neighborhood.

00:44:57For example, the rupture of an optical fiber

00:44:59cable could cut the Internet into

00:45:01a vast area until the damage

00:45:03is repaired. A yellow line

00:45:05means that there is natural gas,

00:45:07oil, steam,

00:45:09gasoline or another conductant

00:45:11of flammable matter underneath.

00:45:13The lines are generally drawn

00:45:15to show the direction in which

00:45:17the pipe is placed underneath,

00:45:19and the line itself is in its center.

00:45:21Yellow is a warning color

00:45:23just like red,

00:45:25which is perfectly logical,

00:45:27since a gas pipe drilled

00:45:29and a spark can lead to

00:45:31a real disaster. Green lines

00:45:33mean that there is a sewer or a

00:45:35rainwater collector underground.

00:45:37The rupture of a sewer

00:45:39can cost a worker his entire

00:45:41career, and for a good reason.

00:45:43Just imagine the kind of damage

00:45:45a sewer can cause.

00:45:47In addition to the fact that the

00:45:49contents of the sewers create

00:45:51chaos on the surface, damaging

00:45:53the sewers will lead to huge

00:45:55repair costs and a lot of

00:45:57inconvenience for all residents.

00:45:59Being often associated with

00:46:01the color blue, logic wants

00:46:03the city markings indicating

00:46:05a source of drinking water

00:46:07to be blue as well.

00:46:09Damaging such a source is not

00:46:11as serious as breaking an oil

00:46:13pump. This will often cause more

00:46:15damage than serious accidents,

00:46:17because there is generally

00:46:19a privileged access to drinking

00:46:21water. The rupture of a pipe

00:46:23or a water pipe will cause

00:46:25problems for the excavation

00:46:27or construction project

00:46:29that probably caused it.

00:46:31Indeed, water will flood

00:46:33areas that can lead to serious

00:46:35complications. This problem

00:46:37must be addressed first.

00:46:39The purple markings also indicate

00:46:41a source of water or water

00:46:43recycled below. This water

00:46:45comes from sanding or washing

00:46:47the machine and is generally

00:46:49used for industrial purposes

00:46:51or irrigation. It is not intended

00:46:53for consumption, but the results

00:46:55of a rupture of a pipe carrying

00:46:57this water are about the same

00:46:59as with drinking water.

00:47:01The disorder resulting from it

00:47:03will be very concrete.

00:47:05The pink markings on the ground

00:47:07are left by the geometers.

00:47:09They can also be left

00:47:11on planned construction sites

00:47:13for similar reasons.

00:47:15The white lines, points and crosses

00:47:17delimit the territory for the

00:47:19routes or excavation limits

00:47:21proposed. This means that there

00:47:23will soon be excavation work

00:47:25in the area. The white markings

00:47:27generally indicate the exact

00:47:29location where the hole must

00:47:31be made. It constitutes the

00:47:33first preparatory step

00:47:35at the start of the work.

00:47:37If there are indeed installations

00:47:39in this area that must be avoided,

00:47:41if there are none, or if there is

00:47:43no conflict between the excavation

00:47:45work and the underground installations,

00:47:47the work can begin. The city markings

00:47:49can also take other forms than

00:47:51lines. For example, you can see

00:47:53an H-shaped shape on the ground.

00:47:55The two parallel lines mean

00:47:57the edges of the pipe or cable

00:47:59below, while the central line

00:48:01that connects them is there to

00:48:03facilitate the measurement of the

00:48:05pipe. A diamond shape is another

00:48:07frequent marking on the ground.

00:48:09There may or may not be two

00:48:11parallel lines marking the edges

00:48:13of the pipe below, while the

00:48:15diamond shape indicates the approximate

00:48:17size of the marked element.

00:48:19Some markings look more like

00:48:21graffiti with many symbols and

00:48:23cryptic letters, but they are

00:48:25generally abbreviations and signs

00:48:27intended for maintenance or

00:48:29construction agents in the city.

00:48:31For example, you can see a cross

00:48:33on the ground to indicate an

00:48:35excavation site. Workers often

00:48:37write a NO, followed by an

00:48:39abbreviation of the installation

00:48:41below. One might think that this

00:48:43means that no excavation should

00:48:45be carried out here, but it is

00:48:47exactly the opposite. NO means

00:48:49no conflict between the electrical

00:48:51lines, the pipes or any other

00:48:53installation buried below, and

00:48:55the proposed plan. Abbreviations

00:48:57are also written in the colour

00:48:59of the installation they designate.

00:49:01In yellow, in a white square,

00:49:03this means that you can dig the site

00:49:05without fear of falling on a

00:49:07gas pipeline below. Hence the G.

00:49:09And if there is a telecommunications

00:49:11cable below, the municipal services

00:49:13will write NO in orange, followed

00:49:15by the company's abbreviation

00:49:17that laid the cable. Another way

00:49:19to say the same thing is to write

00:49:21the type of installation in abbreviation

00:49:23and to block it. A yellow G, sometimes

00:49:25in a circle, means there is a

00:49:27gas pipeline below. And if it is

00:49:29a gas pipeline, it means that

00:49:31there is no need to dig in this

00:49:33area, no gas pipeline will be

00:49:35damaged. Can you hear a sound

00:49:37and perceive almost instantly a

00:49:39specific colour? You could be

00:49:41part of a particular group of

00:49:43people, about 4% of the world's

00:49:45population, capable of experiencing

00:49:47synesthesia. It is not you who

00:49:49imagine things. A new study

00:49:51attempts to demonstrate that

00:49:53synesthesia is very real, and

00:49:55brain scanners attest to this.

00:49:57When synesthetic people hear

00:49:59colours, the scans reveal that

00:50:01parts of their brain linked to

00:50:03sight and sound communicate

00:50:05with each other. Since

00:50:07synesthesia seems to be of a genetic

00:50:09nature, some researchers

00:50:11chose three families where

00:50:13this characteristic was present.

00:50:15They then played with DNA sequencing

00:50:17and compared the genes of

00:50:19synesthetic members of the same

00:50:21family to those who were

00:50:23deprived of it. They still have not

00:50:25discovered this unique characteristic,

00:50:27but they have managed to restrict it

00:50:29to as few as 37 possible genes.

00:50:31Sometimes, after a nap in

00:50:33an uncomfortable position, you

00:50:35may have felt tingling or

00:50:37a tingling in your arm or

00:50:39leg. You might think that

00:50:41this has everything to do with

00:50:43poor blood circulation, but in

00:50:45fact it could be due to a

00:50:47little thing called paresthesia.

00:50:49It is when your body begins to

00:50:51feel unusual sensations

00:50:53when your nerves are compressed or irritated.

00:50:55Paresthesia can give you anything,

00:50:57from a burning sensation

00:50:59to this annoying sensation that

00:51:01your arm or leg no longer responds

00:51:03at all. It could even add

00:51:05tingling or these good old

00:51:07characteristic tingling.

00:51:09Normally, it should not take you

00:51:11more than 30 minutes.

00:51:13Shake the affected body

00:51:15vigorously and it could speed up

00:51:17the process. If it lasts longer

00:51:19or if you have repeated

00:51:21paresthesia for no apparent reason,

00:51:23it is better to consult a specialist

00:51:25to make sure everything is fine.

00:51:27Do you know what is also worth

00:51:29being checked?

00:51:31If you have already given a blue thumb

00:51:33to this video and if you are

00:51:35subscribed to the channel.

00:51:37You know, just to be sure not to

00:51:39miss anything.

00:51:41In normal time, you never think

00:51:43about your stomach or all the

00:51:45chemistry it contains. Can you imagine

00:51:47if one day this substance

00:51:49simply appeared to you?

00:51:51It contains Chlorhydric Acid,

00:51:53which is also used in fertilizers,

00:51:55rubber and steel.

00:51:57If you ever inhale it,

00:51:59you will have serious breathing

00:52:01problems and in your nose.

00:52:03Every time you chew something,

00:52:05your stomach begins to produce

00:52:07these gastric sugars. They are useful

00:52:09because they can break down proteins,

00:52:11activate pepsin, eliminate all

00:52:13the bacteria you have been able to swallow

00:52:15without even knowing it, and signal

00:52:17the food to go

00:52:19well, to the exit.

00:52:21Without this acid,

00:52:23the food would stay right there,

00:52:25turning into a breeding ground

00:52:27for bacteria.

00:52:29Proteins and nutrients would not be

00:52:31absorbed by it. Your lunch

00:52:33could quickly go through

00:52:35your digestive system and you

00:52:37would end up expelling undigested

00:52:39food.

00:52:41There is a reason why

00:52:43paper cuts hurt so much.

00:52:45To begin with, they occur

00:52:47on the tip of your fingers,

00:52:49which are very sensitive areas.

00:52:51It is because they are full of receptors,

00:52:53which are like the receptionists

00:52:55of your body, helping you

00:52:57determine the size, shape,

00:52:59texture and temperature

00:53:01of the things you touch.

00:53:03When you cut yourself with paper,

00:53:05these receptors are instantly

00:53:07solicited, sending unpleasant

00:53:09information to the brain.

00:53:11Paper cuts do not look like

00:53:13a sharp cut made with a sharp knife,

00:53:15because of the foam

00:53:17on the edges of the sheet.

00:53:19This exposes your receptors even more.

00:53:21Paper cuts do not bleed

00:53:23much and do not coagulate

00:53:25well either, which leaves the nerves

00:53:27alive and aggravates the discomfort

00:53:29even more.

00:53:31We always use our hands,

00:53:33so these cuts continue to reopen,

00:53:35taking an infinite time to heal.

00:53:37Paper is often treated

00:53:39with chemicals that can

00:53:41irritate your skin.

00:53:43The déjà vu seems to

00:53:45strike from nowhere.

00:53:47You are not a wizard and you do not

00:53:49communicate with the spirits of the

00:53:51beyond. It is simply

00:53:53your brain that works badly.

00:53:55According to doctors,

00:53:57déjà vu occurs when two parts

00:53:59of the brain have a little trouble understanding each other.

00:54:01These two parts are located

00:54:03on each side of your skull,

00:54:05just above your temples.

00:54:07They are a bit like the memory cards

00:54:09of your brain and help you remember

00:54:11certain things, such as places

00:54:13or the face of other people.

00:54:15They even disconnect

00:54:17emotions and are in charge of language.

00:54:19Now, in each

00:54:21of these areas of the brain,

00:54:23which are called temporal lobes,

00:54:25there is a region called the hippocampus.

00:54:27It is responsible for short-term

00:54:29memory. Sometimes,

00:54:31the brain can encounter small

00:54:33malfunctions, confusing the hippocampus.

00:54:35This is when we feel

00:54:37déjà vu.

00:54:39This whole process disrupts your

00:54:41recognition memory, giving you

00:54:43this strange feeling that you have

00:54:45already been there before.

00:54:47Or that you have already met a person

00:54:49you see for the very first time.

00:54:51It is a completely normal process

00:54:53and you are more likely to

00:54:55experience déjà vu if you are

00:54:57between 15 and 25 years old.

00:54:59It also seems that people who travel

00:55:01a lot or have the ability

00:55:03to remember their dreams

00:55:05feel it more often.

00:55:07It is difficult to imagine

00:55:09that an entire civilization

00:55:11can survive without anyone

00:55:13being able to see.

00:55:15This seems highly improbable

00:55:17and here is why.

00:55:19First, imagine trying to cultivate

00:55:21crops without even being able

00:55:23to see what you are doing.

00:55:25The preparation of the soil would become

00:55:27a nightmare because, without the view,

00:55:29we would get lost in the first field of wheat

00:55:31without any reference point.

00:55:33Harvesting just a little of this food

00:55:35would not be an easy thing either.

00:55:37Animals could hide

00:55:39everywhere, ready to harm us.

00:55:41Communication would be

00:55:43as complicated because we would not

00:55:45be able to read something without

00:55:47touching it.

00:55:49Even our social lives would be different.

00:55:51Without eyes, we should

00:55:53trust our voices.

00:55:55Confide in someone without knowing

00:55:57who else is listening? Thank you.

00:55:59If you have already eaten

00:56:01a very spicy pepper, you know

00:56:03that it is not technically hot.

00:56:05In terms of temperature,

00:56:07why do we feel like it is burning

00:56:09even if it just came out

00:56:11of the fridge?

00:56:13Well, spicy foods contain

00:56:15chemical compounds that deceive

00:56:17our body to alter its internal

00:56:19thermostat.

00:56:21First, our lips and tongue

00:56:23feel like they are on fire.

00:56:25Then, our nose starts to run

00:56:27and we can even shed a tear

00:56:29or two.

00:56:31Blood vessels dilate and suddenly

00:56:33our body temperature increases.

00:56:35To cool things down,

00:56:37we start to sweat.

00:56:39Our lungs can also

00:56:41participate and signal to our diaphragm

00:56:43to produce hocks

00:56:45in order to chase this irritating intruder.

00:56:47In most cases,

00:56:49all these bodily triggers

00:56:51are caused by a substance called

00:56:53capsaicin,

00:56:55often found in strong peppers like habanero

00:56:57and cayenne pepper.

00:56:59Even if we sometimes feel like

00:57:01we are moving while we are dreaming,

00:57:03this is not the case

00:57:05thanks to a complex system in our body.

00:57:07This one prevents our muscles

00:57:09from doing all kinds of extravagant things

00:57:11related to crazy stories

00:57:13that our brain could invent during the night.

00:57:15It turns out that most of this

00:57:17brain chemistry occurs during

00:57:19the paradoxical sleep phase

00:57:21or REM, about 90 minutes

00:57:23after you have fallen asleep.

00:57:25During this phase,

00:57:27your brain experiences strange dreams

00:57:29while your voluntary muscles

00:57:31like your arms and legs

00:57:33are deactivated.

00:57:35This muscular blockage is the reason

00:57:37why some people wake up

00:57:39and cannot move,

00:57:41experiencing what is called

00:57:43sleep paralysis.

00:57:45The great mystery was to know how

00:57:47the muscles entered this state of paralysis.

00:57:49At first, researchers thought

00:57:51that glycine, a neurotransmitter,

00:57:53was responsible for it.

00:57:55Research has shown that

00:57:57even if glycine production was blocked,

00:57:59the muscles remained frozen.

00:58:01It took a little more time

00:58:03for scientists to discover

00:58:05that to maintain these immobile muscles,

00:58:07you need both glycine

00:58:09and another chemical

00:58:11communication substance

00:58:13called GABA.

00:58:15We are not as hairy as our ancestors,

00:58:17but we still have chicken skin

00:58:19when we are cold.

00:58:21It is because of these small muscles

00:58:23in our hair follicles,

00:58:25called hair erector muscles,

00:58:27that pull them up.

00:58:29For furry animals,

00:58:31this feature helps them stay warm.

00:58:33But for us,

00:58:35it does not accomplish much in terms of heat.

00:58:37However,

00:58:39we and a few other less hairy creatures

00:58:41have maintained this ability

00:58:43over the years.

00:58:45Experiments have been conducted

00:58:47to find out more about this chicken skin.

00:58:49There are three key factors.

00:58:51These hair erector muscles,

00:58:53sympathetic nerves,

00:58:55and hair follicles.

00:58:57When we tried to influence the nerves,

00:58:59hair growth slowed down.

00:59:01These nerves and our hair follicles

00:59:03work together,

00:59:05creating chemical synapses.

00:59:07Thus, chicken skin is not only

00:59:09a quick solution to overcome

00:59:11a low temperature.

00:59:13It could also communicate

00:59:15to our stem cells to grow

00:59:17This is why the loss of these muscle cells

00:59:19could be linked to baldness.

00:59:23If it smells like fish at home

00:59:25and you have not eaten salmon for a while,

00:59:27it may be time to check

00:59:29your electrical installations.

00:59:31This nauseating smell can mean

00:59:33that your cables have failed,

00:59:35that your disjunctor is defective,

00:59:37or that your circuits are overheating.

00:59:39Did you not know that these hairy cables

00:59:41emitted a much more unpleasant smell

00:59:43than a sandwich with tuna forgotten in the sun?

00:59:45So call your electrician

00:59:47and have everything checked as soon as possible.

00:59:49But if it's a smell of rotten eggs

00:59:51floating in the air at home,

00:59:53call a plumber right away.

00:59:55Your channels are probably contaminated,

00:59:57but you can also smell

00:59:59such a smell if your water heater is defective.

01:00:01Or it could still be a gas leak.

01:00:03Manufacturers add water

01:00:05to natural gas, a chemical product

01:00:07with an unpleasant smell,

01:00:09so that people can immediately notice

01:00:11the slightest leak.

01:00:13The next smell is not as easy to notice

01:00:15as a unicorn in Central Park,

01:00:17so listen carefully.

01:00:19Have you ever smelled a strange smell

01:00:21just before turning on your kitchen?

01:00:23It is carbon monoxide,

01:00:25and it is very important to know it.

01:00:27Because this nasty gas can be extremely dangerous

01:00:29if you inhale too much of it.

01:00:31And the worst part is that it is totally odorless.

01:00:33So what is this strange smell?

01:00:35It is actually what is added to the gas

01:00:37to warn you that a danger is lurking.

01:00:39So, the next time your kitchen smells bad,

01:00:41tell yourself that it may not be

01:00:43because of the lasagna you ate the day before.

01:00:45It is not uncommon to find mold

01:00:47in places where there is stagnant water.

01:00:49For example, when a leak

01:00:51is hidden behind the walls.

01:00:53Mold spores can develop in these humid areas

01:00:55and can cause serious health problems.

01:00:57Socks have a weakness for shoes.

01:00:59They love to hide in them,

01:01:01but only in certain conditions.

01:01:03If you own a pair of shoes

01:01:05that you almost never wear,

01:01:07be careful.

01:01:09Laces could well be installed there

01:01:11comfortably.

01:01:13But don't worry,

01:01:15there is a trick to keep these beasts

01:01:17out of your shoes.

01:01:19Leather shoes are a little too smooth

01:01:21for laces to slip.

01:01:23It is therefore unlikely that you will find them there.

01:01:25Baskets, on the other hand,

01:01:27are one of the favorite places of these

01:01:29unbearable insects.

01:01:31All these interesting textures and patterns

01:01:33are perfect for hiding.

01:01:35So, if you want to prevent laces from entering,

01:01:37wear them regularly.

01:01:39They don't like to be stirred a lot.

01:01:41And who knows, you could even crush a few

01:01:43by the way. It's worth a try.

01:01:45So go ahead, put on your sneakers

01:01:47and show them who the boss is.

01:01:49Your feet and your mental health will thank you.

01:01:51If your nostrils are plagued

01:01:53by an unpleasant smell,

01:01:55it may also be time to check your mattress.

01:01:57Recent scientific studies

01:01:59have revealed that a 7-year-old mattress

01:02:01can house more bacteria

01:02:03than a science fiction movie taking place in space.

01:02:05More than 16 million units

01:02:07form a colony for 6 square centimeters.

01:02:09Enough to make the bravest of us

01:02:11want to sleep in a special suit.

01:02:13But don't worry,

01:02:15there is a solution to this problem.

01:02:17It is sodium bicarbonate,

01:02:19the unknown hero of housekeeping.

01:02:21Spray a little of this magic powder

01:02:23on your mattress,

01:02:25let it rest for half an hour

01:02:27and spend the time with something fun.

01:02:29Cat videos work every time,

01:02:31then vacuum over it.

01:02:33And there you go, your bed will feel

01:02:35fresher than a field of daisies in the spring.

01:02:37Don't let these damn bacteria

01:02:39take over. And who knows,

01:02:41maybe your refreshed mattress

01:02:43will encourage you to have beautiful dreams

01:02:45or at least keep nightmares away.

01:02:47Have you ever noticed

01:02:49that your towel sometimes smells like the monster of the swamp?

01:02:51Yes, it's because you've been using it

01:02:53for too long.

01:02:55To avoid bacteria, change your towel

01:02:57after three uses.

01:02:59And if you really want to ban these bad germs,

01:03:01use sodium bicarbonate from time to time.

01:03:03Your nose and, if you don't live alone,

01:03:05your roommates will be grateful.

01:03:07If your bathroom smells like the swamp,

01:03:09it may be because of a little stagnant water

01:03:11or a residue in your pipes.

01:03:13Don't worry,

01:03:15if the plumber can't come today,

01:03:17you can fix this problem by pouring

01:03:19a few drops of your favorite essential oil

01:03:21on your toilet paper roll.

01:03:23It's not a long-term solution,

01:03:25but at least you'll breathe a little better.

01:03:27Let's move on to this

01:03:29nasty toilet brush.

01:03:31Pour a little scented detergent into your little bucket

01:03:33or make your own perfume

01:03:35with distilled water and essential oil.

01:03:37This will eliminate bacteria

01:03:39and essential oil will hide

01:03:41bad smells.

01:03:43Just make sure you don't have an allergy

01:03:45to the oil of your choice.

01:03:47Did you know that mold can form

01:03:49in your dishwasher? Disgusting, isn't it?

01:03:51Launch a dry heat cycle,

01:03:53without a dish, but with white vinegar.

01:03:55Make sure to rinse the inside well,

01:03:57including filters and panels.

01:03:59And if your bucket looks a little moldy,

01:04:01soak it in a little

01:04:03diluted antibacterial detergent

01:04:05before rinsing it carefully.

01:04:07Now let's talk about the weird noises

01:04:09in your house.

01:04:11The clicks and bangs in winter or fall

01:04:13can come from the start of your heating.

01:04:15If condensed steam is stuck

01:04:17in the pipes, try to purge your radiators.

01:04:19If you hear a boil,

01:04:21it may be a leak of water

01:04:23or sediment in your boiler.

01:04:25When you move into a new house,

01:04:27check the walls and ceilings.

01:04:29Fresh paint could hide something.

01:04:31So ask your landlord

01:04:33to estimate it.

01:04:35And avoid grainy ceilings.

01:04:37Not only are they ugly,

01:04:39but they contain laminate.

01:04:41Laminate is like a bowl of alphabetic pads.

01:04:43It is made up of all those

01:04:45crystalline fibers.

01:04:47And if you don't know

01:04:49what laminate is,

01:04:51ask your landlord.

01:04:53Laminate is made up of all those

01:04:55hard-to-pronounce crystalline fibers.

01:04:57But beware of these crazy names.

01:04:59Laminate is a hard-to-bake.

01:05:01It can withstand high temperatures,

01:05:03chemical products,

01:05:05and even electricity.

01:05:07No wonder so much was used

01:05:09in construction in the past.

01:05:11Laminate is a rusty ninja.

01:05:13It can break down into tiny fibers

01:05:15that float in the air for days and days.

01:05:17And by accidentally breathing these fibers,

01:05:19you let something dangerous

01:05:21into your lungs.

01:05:23So be careful. Avoid laminate

01:05:25and protect your lungs.

01:05:27Be careful if you're renovating an old house.

01:05:29This toxic material could be in your roof.

01:05:31Bacteria responsible for odors

01:05:33love to party in the sink

01:05:35and in the drain of your kitchen.

01:05:37And let's not even talk about the

01:05:39hard-to-break grinder.

01:05:41A real disco for bacteria.

01:05:43But there is a fun solution.

01:05:45Once a week,

01:05:47organize your own party by inviting

01:05:49a cup of baking soda,

01:05:51three thin slices of lemon,

01:05:53and a teaspoon of javelin water

01:05:55into your grinder.

01:05:57Turn on the grinder

01:05:59and let the ice cubes act.

01:06:01Once the party is over,

01:06:03rinse everything in cold water for 30 seconds.

01:06:05And there you have it.

01:06:07A clean and fresh sink.

01:06:09Your new sofa and your new cupboards

01:06:11could secretly release

01:06:13nosebomb gases into the air.

01:06:15Yes, it's true.

01:06:17But don't worry.

01:06:19I'm here for you.

01:06:21If you can,

01:06:23open your windows

01:06:25to let the fresh air circulate.

01:06:27And if you're looking for

01:06:29new furniture or objects

01:06:31for the house,

01:06:33find out about the

01:06:35low-heat options in your cupboards.

01:06:37Your nose will thank you.

01:06:39And then,

01:06:41who would like to live

01:06:43in the middle of smelly furniture?

01:06:45The Titanic sank on April 14, 1912,

01:06:47carrying with it

01:06:49all the passengers' belongings

01:06:51as well as the ship's equipment

01:06:53in the dark depths of the oceans.

01:06:55These objects

01:06:57patiently waited to be found

01:06:59until 1985.

01:07:01Despite the ship's rapid disappearance,

01:07:03divers in small submarines

01:07:05managed to recover

01:07:07many artifacts from the wreck.

01:07:09If you're wondering what

01:07:11these surprising objects look like,

01:07:13a number of museums

01:07:15have collections of objects

01:07:17from the Titanic that were recovered

01:07:19by divers or given by survivors

01:07:21and their loved ones.

01:07:23Some of these objects

01:07:25are even sold at auction,

01:07:27so if you're ready to spend a nice sum

01:07:29for a unique artifact,

01:07:31why not?

01:07:33The first artifact on my list

01:07:35is the pocket watch of John Chapman,

01:07:37a Titanic passenger on a honeymoon

01:07:39with his wife Elizabeth.

01:07:41When the ship hit the iceberg,

01:07:43Elizabeth had a seat

01:07:45in a lifeboat

01:07:47next to her friend,

01:07:49Emile Richard.

01:07:51But Mr. Chapman could not board.

01:07:53Faithful to his love,

01:07:55Elizabeth turned away

01:07:57from the boat

01:07:59and said goodbye.

01:08:01If John cannot board,

01:08:03neither can I.

01:08:05This is a striking demonstration

01:08:07of true love.

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01:08:11of true love.

01:08:13This is a striking demonstration

01:08:15of true love.

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01:23:19of true love.

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01:23:23of true love.

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01:23:55of true love.

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01:23:59of true love.

01:24:01This is a striking demonstration

01:24:03of true love.

01:24:05This is a striking demonstration

01:24:07of true love.

01:24:09This is a striking demonstration

01:24:11of true love.

01:24:13This is a striking demonstration

01:24:15of true love.

01:24:17This is a striking demonstration

01:24:19of true love.

01:24:21This is a striking demonstration

01:24:23of true love.

01:24:25This is a striking demonstration

01:24:27of true love.

01:24:29This is a striking demonstration

01:24:31of true love.

01:24:33This is a striking demonstration

01:24:35of true love.

01:24:37This is a striking demonstration

01:24:39of true love.

01:24:41This is a striking demonstration

01:24:43of true love.

01:24:45This is a striking demonstration

01:24:47of true love.

01:24:49This is a striking demonstration

01:24:51of true love.

01:24:53This is a striking demonstration

01:24:55of true love.

01:24:57This is a striking demonstration

01:24:59of true love.

01:25:01This is a striking demonstration

01:25:03of true love.

01:25:05This is a striking demonstration

01:25:07of true love.

01:25:09This is a striking demonstration

01:25:11of true love.

01:25:13This is a striking demonstration

01:25:15of true love.

01:25:17This is a striking demonstration

01:25:19of true love.

01:25:21This is a striking demonstration

01:25:23of true love.

01:25:25This is a striking demonstration

01:25:27of true love.

01:25:29This is a striking demonstration

01:25:31of true love.

01:25:33This is a striking demonstration

01:25:35of true love.

01:25:37This is a striking demonstration

01:25:39of true love.

01:25:41This is a striking demonstration

01:25:43of true love.

01:25:45This is a striking demonstration

01:25:47of true love.

01:25:49This is a striking demonstration

01:25:51of true love.

01:25:53This is a striking demonstration

01:25:55of true love.

01:25:57This is a striking demonstration

01:25:59of true love.

01:26:01This is a striking demonstration

01:26:03of true love.

01:26:05This is a striking demonstration

01:26:07of true love.

01:26:09This is a striking demonstration

01:26:11of true love.

01:26:13This is a striking demonstration

01:26:15of true love.

01:26:17This is a striking demonstration

01:26:19of true love.

01:26:21This is a striking demonstration

01:26:23of true love.

01:26:25This is a striking demonstration

01:26:27of true love.

01:26:29This is a striking demonstration

01:26:31of true love.

01:26:33This is a striking demonstration

01:26:35of true love.

01:26:37This is a striking demonstration

01:26:39of true love.

01:26:41This is a striking demonstration

01:26:43of true love.

01:26:45This is a striking demonstration

01:26:47of true love.

01:26:49This is a striking demonstration

01:26:51of true love.

01:26:53This is a striking demonstration

01:26:55of true love.

01:26:57This is a striking demonstration

01:26:59of true love.

01:27:01This is a striking demonstration

01:27:03of true love.

01:27:05This is a striking demonstration

01:27:07of true love.

01:27:09This is a striking demonstration

01:27:11of true love.

01:27:13This is a striking demonstration

01:27:15of true love.

01:27:17This is a striking demonstration

01:27:19of true love.

01:27:21This is a striking demonstration

01:27:23of true love.

01:27:25This is a striking demonstration

01:27:27of true love.

01:27:29This is a striking demonstration

01:27:31of true love.

01:27:33This is a striking demonstration

01:27:35of true love.

01:27:37This is a striking demonstration

01:27:39of true love.

01:27:41This is a striking demonstration

01:27:43of true love.

01:27:45The lazy ones

01:27:47can hold their breath longer

01:27:49than the dolphins.

01:27:51They slow down their heart rate

01:27:53and can stay like this

01:27:55for 40 minutes.

01:27:57The dolphins must go back

01:27:59to the surface

01:28:01to breathe every 10 minutes.

01:28:03The starfish has no brain

01:28:05or heart

01:28:07and no lungs.

01:28:09However, it has hundreds

01:28:11of tiny feet

01:28:13on its back.

01:28:15The bees have two stomachs.

01:28:17One is used to feed them

01:28:19while the other is used

01:28:21to store the nectar

01:28:23they collect on the flowers

01:28:25so that they can bring it

01:28:27to their hive.

01:28:29The dolphins always sleep

01:28:31with their eyes open

01:28:33and are never completely asleep.

01:28:35This is because their breathing

01:28:37is not automatic

01:28:39and they must continue

01:28:41to breathe.

01:28:43The dolphins

01:28:45are the only animals

01:28:47whose brain shrinks

01:28:49with age.

01:28:51They can even do it

01:28:53because of isolation

01:28:55and loneliness.

01:28:57Other animals,

01:28:59even some of our distant cousins

01:29:01from a branch far away

01:29:03from the genealogical tree

01:29:05like monkeys and chimpanzees

01:29:07do not have this kind of problem.

01:29:09The nectar

01:29:11can be absorbed

01:29:13by the skin

01:29:15even if it is not in your mouth.

01:29:17Strange, isn't it?

01:29:19The Alps are the absolute

01:29:21champion of climbing

01:29:23in the animal world.

01:29:25Seas and goats

01:29:27seem to challenge gravity

01:29:29by climbing vertical cliffs

01:29:31where no other creature

01:29:33can evolve.

01:29:35Adult males

01:29:37have an internal timer

01:29:39that stops at some point.

01:29:41Some cells stop reproducing

01:29:43rather than others.

01:29:45On average, cells stop dividing

01:29:47when we reach the age of 100.

01:29:49This means that if we found

01:29:51a way to encourage our cells

01:29:53to stop the timer,

01:29:55we could potentially live

01:29:57eternally, as long as

01:29:59our contemporary allows it.

01:30:01Queen's eyes change color

01:30:03depending on the season.

01:30:05In winter, when it gets darker

01:30:07and the days are shorter,

01:30:09their eyes turn blue.

01:30:11The blue color helps them see

01:30:13in the dark and prevents

01:30:15pressure from accumulating in the eye.

01:30:17This is due to the fact that the pupils

01:30:19remain dilated for a long time

01:30:21during the dark months of winter.

01:30:23The shells prevent them from becoming

01:30:25deaf when they sing by tilting

01:30:27their heads back.

01:30:29This covers their auditory channel

01:30:31and acts as an integrated ear plug.

01:30:33The surface of the Earth

01:30:35is not uniform,

01:30:37which means that its mass

01:30:39is also unequal.

01:30:41Thus, gravity is not the same

01:30:43everywhere on Earth.

01:30:45There is a mysterious anomaly

01:30:47in the Dudson Bay, Canada.

01:30:49Gravity there is weaker

01:30:51than in other surrounding regions,

01:30:53and scientists think it is

01:30:55due to the melting of glaciers.

01:30:57During the last glacial period,

01:30:59this region was covered with ice

01:31:01and melted for a long time.

01:31:03But the planet has not completely

01:31:05given up its icy burden.

01:31:07The gravity of any area

01:31:09is proportional to its mass.

01:31:11However, the glacier left an imprint

01:31:13that pushed back part of the mass

01:31:15of the planet, which is one of the

01:31:17reasons why gravity is weaker

01:31:19in this area.

01:31:21The strongest earthquake

01:31:23ever recorded took place in Chile

01:31:25with a magnitude of 9.5.

01:31:27If an earthquake reached

01:31:29Chile, it could split our planet in two.

01:31:31When sharks need their

01:31:33morning coffee,

01:31:35they also go to the local café.

01:31:37In 2002, researchers discovered

01:31:39an area in the Pacific Ocean

01:31:41that they nicknamed the White Shark Café,

01:31:43where big white sharks come

01:31:45during the winter.

01:31:47They spend time together,

01:31:49tell jokes and laugh at the number

01:31:51of humans they have frightened,

01:31:53then return to the coast to frighten us

01:31:55a little more when the weather warms up.

01:31:57White sharks have three hearts,

01:31:59two of which pump blood to the branches

01:32:01and the third to other organs.

01:32:03Their blood is blue, by the way,

01:32:05and they also have up to nine brains.

01:32:07One is central, and the other eight

01:32:09control, you guessed it, their eight members.

01:32:11Orcs are one of the

01:32:13most intelligent creatures on the planet.

01:32:15They hear the calls of their

01:32:17congeners tens of kilometers around

01:32:19and have unique calls

01:32:21for each of their groups.

01:32:23These calls have a function

01:32:25for humans.

01:32:27You come from your evening

01:32:29to eat in your favorite restaurant.

01:32:31The waiter comes to take your order

01:32:33of drinks.

01:32:35You wanted soda all day,

01:32:37so you order a Coke.

01:32:39The waiter looks really sorry,

01:32:41but he says, we only have Pepsi.

01:32:43Can you count the number of times

01:32:45it happened to you?

01:32:47Even when you travel abroad,

01:32:49it's either Coke or Pepsi

01:32:51and you end up having to choose your side.

01:32:53Let's dig a little into this rivalry.

01:32:55Is one of the two objectively

01:32:57better than the other?

01:32:59First criterion, variety.

01:33:01Both drinks are pretty good in this area.

01:33:03You can easily choose between

01:33:05a light Coke, a zero Coke,

01:33:07or even a cherry Coke.

01:33:09With Pepsi, you can order flavors

01:33:11as original as lemon, lime, caramel

01:33:13and even some spicy flavors.

01:33:15The next criterion is taste.

01:33:17It's something very personal,

01:33:19so there is no absolute truth.

01:33:21But everyone has their favorite.

01:33:23The Coca-Cola recipe

01:33:25has been a secret

01:33:27since 1891.

01:33:29When John Pemberton,

01:33:31the inventor of the drink,

01:33:33sold his recipe.

01:33:35It was then modified by the buyer

01:33:37Asa Candler, and it is still

01:33:39the recipe we know and love today.

01:33:41The sweet taste of Pepsi,

01:33:43meanwhile, was put to the test

01:33:45by Caleb Bradham.

01:33:47Some time later, Charles Goose

01:33:49also owned a candy company

01:33:51called Loft.

01:33:53Can this explain why Pepsi's recipe

01:33:55is sweeter than Coca-Cola's?

01:33:57What do grandpas say? Coke or Pepsi?

01:33:59Now, you just woke up.

01:34:01You ordered a pizza the day before

01:34:03and you are ready to devour the leftovers

01:34:05for your breakfast.

01:34:07You open the fridge and oh!

01:34:09You are faced with a difficult choice.

01:34:11Cold pizza or cold pasta?

01:34:13Why do these two dishes still taste so good

01:34:15when they are cold?

01:34:17It's a matter of chemical composition.

01:34:19According to pasta experts,

01:34:21spaghetti tastes even better the next day

01:34:23thanks to an element called starch.

01:34:25It is mainly found in cereals

01:34:27and potatoes.

01:34:29To put it simply,

01:34:31the ingredients of these dishes have more time

01:34:33to mix when they spend the night in the fridge.

01:34:35The starch absorbs the fat,

01:34:37the sauce and the seasoning

01:34:39during the night.

01:34:41It sucks out all the flavor

01:34:43and makes the flavor much richer.

01:34:45It's not a coincidence

01:34:47that some people

01:34:49order this kind of food

01:34:51just to have leftovers to enjoy

01:34:53the next morning.

01:34:55Still on the theme of pizza,

01:34:57let's solve the pineapple question

01:34:59once and for all.

01:35:01It is true that it is a red line

01:35:03that many of us refuse to cross.

01:35:05On the one hand, some people say

01:35:07that bees don't have their place on a pizza.

01:35:09Wait, what?

01:35:11Yes, in case you didn't know,

01:35:13pineapples are precisely a group of bees

01:35:15that have merged together.

01:35:17On the other hand, there are the

01:35:19unconditional of Hawaiian pizza.

01:35:21Those will try to convince you

01:35:23that pineapple is delicious

01:35:25when it is mixed with tomato sauce.

01:35:27It is supposed to add sweetness

01:35:29and freshness to counterbalance

01:35:31the spiciness of the sauce.

01:35:33What do you have to say about this?

01:35:35Are you for or against?

01:35:37By the way, have you ever tried

01:35:39pineapple in a hamburger?

01:35:41It plays the same role as pickles.

01:35:43It brings this sweet and sour flavor

01:35:45that your burger needs.

01:35:47Two twin sisters are never

01:35:49really identical,

01:35:51except when it comes to bar Twix.

01:35:53Have you already chosen your side?

01:35:55Do you eat the Twix on the left

01:35:57or on the right first?

01:35:59Does it make a difference

01:36:01or is it all just a marketing trick?

01:36:03If you bought Twix recently,

01:36:05you have probably been faced

01:36:07with three options.

01:36:09One is supposed to contain

01:36:11two bars on the left

01:36:13and the other two bars on the right.

01:36:15As you may know,

01:36:17Twix comes in pairs.

01:36:19But in 2012, the company Mars,

01:36:21which makes the Twix,

01:36:23shook the world of chocolate bars.

01:36:25They started to say that

01:36:27bars were not real twins.

01:36:29Thanks to very humorous ads,

01:36:31Mars made people believe

01:36:33that the production process

01:36:35of each bar was different.

01:36:37In fact, the brothers Earl and Simus

01:36:39one day reached a breaking point.

01:36:41They did not agree on the technique

01:36:43of pouring chocolate

01:36:45and the consistency of caramel.

01:36:47So each brother started

01:36:49to found his own company.

01:36:51For example, in the Twix company on the left,

01:36:53the base of the crispy biscuit

01:36:55is sprinkled with caramel

01:36:57and bathed in chocolate.

01:36:59While in the Twix company on the right,

01:37:01the crispy biscuit and the creamy base

01:37:03of caramel are enveloped in chocolate.

01:37:05But anyway,

01:37:07some enthusiastic fans

01:37:09even went to check the facts

01:37:11to know if there are real differences

01:37:13between the Twix bars on the left and on the right.

01:37:15It turned out that the left bar

01:37:17was just a little more crispy.

01:37:19And in case you wonder

01:37:21how it was tested,

01:37:23know that it required a digital decibel meter.

01:37:25The bars on the left

01:37:27got an average of 72.3 decibels of crispiness,

01:37:29while those on the right

01:37:31had an average of 69.6 decibels.

01:37:33Do you think the left bar is better?

01:37:35It's up to you to judge.

01:37:37Fans think it could be due to the packaging

01:37:39or the storage of the Twix bars.

01:37:41They suggest that it is less of a left-right

01:37:43difference than at the bottom.

01:37:45The Twix bar at the bottom of the packaging

01:37:47during the production process

01:37:49could be less crispy.

01:37:51Each country has its food debates.

01:37:53In the United States,

01:37:55the main debate is peanut butter

01:37:57above or below jam.

01:37:59If you are an amateur,

01:38:01you can choose.

01:38:03Unless you consider it a sacrilege

01:38:05to mix peanut butter and jam.

01:38:07Some people have

01:38:09well-defined opinions

01:38:11about how to make the perfect peanut butter

01:38:13jam sandwich.

01:38:15Some say that peanut butter

01:38:17is the perfect base for jam,

01:38:19while others say that jam

01:38:21should be spread first

01:38:23because it is thinner and spreads more easily.

01:38:25So, which side are you on?

01:38:27Now, are you more on Tacos or Falafel?

01:38:29You may be wondering

01:38:31if it is really comparable.

01:38:33These two types of rolled sandwiches are delicious

01:38:35but serve completely different objectives.

01:38:37Tacos are a Mexican dish

01:38:39made of a fried tortilla

01:38:41folded and stuffed with beans,

01:38:43salad or the meat of your choice.

01:38:45Falafel is a dish from the Middle East

01:38:47which consists mainly of

01:38:49chickpeas or ground beef

01:38:51seasoned to perfection,

01:38:53stuffed with pita bread

01:38:55with many different fillings and sauces.

01:38:57I certainly did not go through all the food debates

01:38:59but it certainly made you drool,

01:39:01didn't it?

01:39:03And in case you don't know what to choose,

01:39:05opt for a Taco Falafel.

01:39:07Yes, it really exists!

01:39:09Have you ever wondered

01:39:11if coffee was a soup?

01:39:13Apparently, some people are convinced

01:39:15that coffee is not a drink,

01:39:17but rather a soup.

01:39:19According to some supporters of this theory,

01:39:21coffee is actually a broth

01:39:23because the coffee beans are finely ground

01:39:25in the water.

01:39:27This process creates a non-thick liquid

01:39:29generally recognized as a broth.

01:39:31This theory has its detractors, of course.

01:39:33They claim that coffee

01:39:35does not look like a broth at all

01:39:37because it should imply

01:39:39that the liquid has a certain nutritional value.

01:39:41However, coffee is simply coffee.

01:39:43It is supposed to taste good

01:39:45and give you energy

01:39:47but it will not fill your stomach.

01:39:49Tell us in the comments below

01:39:51what is your preference

01:39:53for each of these food debates.

01:39:55The Tower of the Empire State Building

01:39:57was designed to serve as a reception station

01:39:59for the managers.

01:40:01At the time, people thought

01:40:03that these machines would become

01:40:05the main means of transport in the future.

01:40:07The project included bridges,

01:40:09recording offices, customs

01:40:11and other infrastructures.

01:40:13But the engineers realized

01:40:15that the wind up there was too strong

01:40:17for their plans,

01:40:19and they gave up on their idea.

01:40:21The Tower of the Empire State Building

01:40:23is the tallest building on the planet

01:40:25and more than twice as high

01:40:27as the Empire State Building.

01:40:29During the dry season,

01:40:31the water sometimes evaporates

01:40:33before reaching the ground.

01:40:35The Bloop is one of the most mysterious

01:40:37sounds ever heard on Earth.

01:40:39It occurred in 1997

01:40:41and sounded like marine animals.

01:40:43But the volume was too large

01:40:45for a sound produced by a living creature.

01:40:47The Bloop continued for a minute.

01:40:49The Antarctic may look like

01:40:51a huge ice field,

01:40:53but there is actually

01:40:55a huge continent below.

01:40:57This means that there are volcanoes,

01:40:59mountains and valleys,

01:41:01like on any other continent.

01:41:03Scientists have recently discovered

01:41:05that the continental mass of Antarctica

01:41:07had the lowest point on the planet

01:41:09outside the oceans,

01:41:11as well as huge mountain ranges.

01:41:13If one of these many volcanoes

01:41:15erupted, it would melt a huge part

01:41:17of the surface ice and increase

01:41:19the ice flow in the ocean.

01:41:21The sea level would increase

01:41:23and flood the coastal areas

01:41:25of the entire world.

01:41:27The waters of the ocean would also be

01:41:29disturbed, putting marine life at risk.

01:41:31Fortunately, all these volcanoes

01:41:33are asleep for now.

01:41:35A day at the South Pole

01:41:37lasts six months on this continent.

01:41:39The South Pole has only one sunset

01:41:41and one sunrise over a whole year.

01:41:43Primitive Earth

01:41:45was purple and not green.

01:41:47There is a theory that

01:41:49ancient microbes used molecules

01:41:51other than chlorophyll

01:41:53to absorb sunlight.

01:41:55These molecules probably gave

01:41:57living organisms a purple hue.

01:41:59At the Stone Age,

01:42:01the total population of Central Europe

01:42:03was about 1,500 people,

01:42:05which means they could have held

01:42:07on a modern medium-sized

01:42:09cruise ship.

01:42:11Astronomers have discovered

01:42:13that the Sun's mass

01:42:15weighed about 1,500 billion solar masses.

01:42:17A solar mass is the mass of our Sun.

01:42:19A very small part of this weight

01:42:21is made up of a supermassive black hole

01:42:23in the center of the galaxy,

01:42:25with 4 million solar masses

01:42:27and 200 billion stars.

01:42:29The rest is black, mysterious

01:42:31and invisible matter.

01:42:33If all the layers of ice

01:42:35and glaciers in the Arctic flooded at the same time,

01:42:37the sea level would rise

01:42:39to the height of a 26-story building.

01:42:41Under the black light,

01:42:43the bananas that ripen

01:42:45have a bright blue color.

01:42:47This is because of the chlorophyll

01:42:49that breaks down when the fruit ripens.

01:42:51Because of the movement of the tectonic plates,

01:42:53the Pacific Ocean shrinks every year

01:42:55and the Atlantic Ocean

01:42:57increases in proportion.

01:42:59Today, there are only

01:43:01two glacial caps in the world

01:43:03dating from the last glacial period

01:43:05of the planet.

01:43:07The first is the Glacier Cap of Greenland.

01:43:09The second, huge,

01:43:11is that of the Antarctic.

01:43:13It is the size of Mexico and the United States combined.

01:43:15Tsunami waves often pass unnoticed

01:43:17in the middle of the sea.

01:43:19They do not rise more than a few centimeters

01:43:21above the surface

01:43:23until they reach the shallow waters.

01:43:25But when the ocean is deep,

01:43:27they can travel as fast as a long-haul airline.

01:43:29The corals that live in the shallow waters

01:43:31produce their own protection

01:43:33against the sun.

01:43:35Without them, the sunlight

01:43:37does not penetrate the algae

01:43:39that live inside them.

01:43:41To protect these algae,

01:43:43which are the main source of food for corals,

01:43:45they become fluorescent.

01:43:47This process allows

01:43:49to make proteins

01:43:51that act like a solar screen.

01:43:53Nearly 90% of all volcanic activity

01:43:55on Earth

01:43:57occurs in the oceans.

01:43:59The South Pacific has the largest

01:44:01concentration of volcanoes

01:44:03that we know of.

01:44:05It is located in a state-sized area

01:44:07of New York.

01:44:09The Zemschug Canyon,

01:44:11in the middle of the Bering Sea,

01:44:13is the largest underwater canyon

01:44:15ever discovered.

01:44:17There are more treasures and artifacts

01:44:19at the bottom of the ocean

01:44:21than in all the museums of the world.

01:44:23In 1900, one of the biggest hurricanes

01:44:25that hit near Central America

01:44:27was in the Gulf of Mexico.

01:44:29It then continued its course

01:44:31to Florida and Texas.

01:44:33The hurricane was the first

01:44:35to hit the United States.

01:44:37It was detected for the first time

01:44:39on August 27 and lasted several days.

01:44:41When it reached the Texas coast,

01:44:43the storm turned into a category 4

01:44:45hurricane.

01:44:47The hurricanes are classified

01:44:49according to the speed and intensity

01:44:51of the winds using a scale

01:44:53called the Saffir-Simpson scale.

01:44:55There are 5 categories,

01:44:57ranging from 1 to 5,

01:44:591 being the weakest

01:45:01After the arrival of the hurricane

01:45:03that even reached Oklahoma and

01:45:05Kansas, the great hurricane

01:45:07then headed for the Great Plains

01:45:09and briskly towards the Great Lakes,

01:45:11New England and Sudan.

01:45:13The storm was so violent

01:45:15that more than

01:45:173600 houses were damaged

01:45:19even if they were strong enough

01:45:21to resist.

01:45:23Given the population of the time,

01:45:25that's hundreds of thousands

01:45:27of destroyed houses,

01:45:29Spotted Lake is often considered as the most magical place in Canada.

01:45:33In winter and spring, it's just an ordinary lake that looks like any other.

01:45:37But try to go there in summer, when the water starts to evaporate.

01:45:41You will have the impression of entering another world,

01:45:44a woodland landscape with blue, green and yellow spots.

01:45:47During the summer, there are more than 300 pools here, and they all look magical.

01:45:52Over the centuries, people have believed that each of them had different healing properties.

01:45:56The explanation of these sparkling colors comes from pure science.

01:46:00Each of them has a high concentration of different minerals.

01:46:04We actually live inside the sun.

01:46:06Its atmosphere extends well beyond its visible surface.

01:46:09And even if the Earth is 150 million kilometers from the star,

01:46:13it is still within the atmosphere of the sun.

01:46:15Polar auroras occur when charged particles from the sun

01:46:20are captured by the magnetic field of the Earth

01:46:22and crash into the high atmosphere near the poles.

01:46:26The speed of rotation of our planet decreases gradually.

01:46:29It happens at a calm rate of 17 milliseconds per slice of 100 years.

01:46:34Because of this, our days are getting longer and longer.

01:46:37And yet, it is only after 140 million years that a day on Earth will last 25 hours.

01:46:43Antarctica, the southernmost continent of the Earth, is only the fifth largest.

01:46:47But it contains nearly 70% of all the fresh water on the planet

01:46:51and 90% of the world's ice.

01:46:53The Antarctic is also considered a desert.

01:46:56Many rocks on Earth have a Martian origin.

01:46:59Scientists have analyzed the chemical content of some meteorites

01:47:03found in the Sahara Desert, Antarctica and other places.

01:47:07And it turned out that these rocks came from the Red Planet.

01:47:12The world's largest sand castle is in Denmark.

01:47:15The 30 sculptors who created it used more than 5,000 tons of sand.

01:47:19To make it more durable, they added 10% clay,

01:47:23as well as a layer of glue.

01:47:25They built it to resist long and stormy winters.

01:47:29Some photons that are not absorbed are re-emitted

01:47:32and their wavelength determines the color we see.

01:47:35When you expose a material to sunlight or high-energy photons,

01:47:40it can damage its chromophores.

01:47:42That's why they can't emit photons with a certain wavelength.

01:47:46Red materials stick the most to sunlight.

01:47:49Their chromophores emit red light

01:47:52to absorb the photons of other wavelengths.

01:47:56Every day, between 60 and 100 tons of space dust

01:47:59drift to the surface of our planet.

01:48:02These tiny cosmic particles are mainly released by comets,

01:48:06which are generally composed of dust and ice.

01:48:09When the sun turns this ice into steam,

01:48:12the remaining dust descends to Earth.

01:48:17There are always two sides to every story,

01:48:20just like a classic cotton disc.

01:48:22Two different textures to be more precise.

01:48:25One is smooth and you are supposed to use it

01:48:27for the most sensitive areas of your face,

01:48:29for example, the eyes.

01:48:32The rougher side can help you remove makeup

01:48:34and clean your face in less sensitive areas,

01:48:37such as the forehead.

01:48:40If you like to have plants in your house,

01:48:41you probably noticed that flower pots have holes in the bottom.

01:48:46These holes are the reason why your plant friends

01:48:48lead a happy life.

01:48:50They are extremely important for water evaporation.

01:48:53Thanks to these holes,

01:48:54you will avoid the accumulation of stagnant water

01:48:56that can possibly harm your plant.

01:48:59In addition, thanks to the holes,

01:49:00the roots can develop and extend beyond the limits of your skin.

01:49:06Have you noticed that aviator sunglasses

01:49:08often have green glasses?

01:49:11This has something to do with their origin.

01:49:13They appeared in the 1930s.

01:49:16Before that, pilots had protective glasses

01:49:19to protect their eyes when they were flying.

01:49:22The high altitudes, the dazzling sun

01:49:24and the negative temperatures

01:49:25were a real test for their eyes.

01:49:29The glasses helped them to solve these problems,

01:49:31but there was another one.

01:49:32As the temperature differences between the outside air

01:49:35and the inside air of the glasses were significant,

01:49:37the lenses fogged up and darkened the pilot's vision.

01:49:41The company Bausch & Lomb

01:49:43designed lenses in the form of drops of water

01:49:46surrounded by a light metal frame.

01:49:48The lenses were dark green

01:49:50because this shade eliminates blue light,

01:49:52which is also a problem for pilots

01:49:54when they fly above the cloud line.

01:49:58In addition, green glasses reduce reflections

01:50:00and improve contrast and sharpness.

01:50:04Oh, there are holes on the side of your Converse sneakers.

01:50:08Are they really necessary?

01:50:09Well, they allow the air to penetrate into your shoes

01:50:12so that your feet stay cool.

01:50:14You can also use them to give style to your sneakers

01:50:17and tie them in different ways.

01:50:20There are two reasons why plastic bottles have holes.

01:50:24First, if you drink water and it's hot outside,

01:50:27you will see that there is a lot of condensation on your bottle.

01:50:30Or if you do sports or weight training.

01:50:34Your hands are wet and if the bottle had a smooth surface,

01:50:37it would be more difficult to grab it.

01:50:39The strips are there to improve your grip.

01:50:43The second reason is that thanks to these strips,

01:50:45manufacturers can use a thinner plastic.

01:50:48This means that they need less material

01:50:50in the total production.

01:50:52And this plastic remains firm enough

01:50:54for the bottle to keep its shape.

01:50:58Wooden coat hangers are not only there to be beautiful.

01:51:01As they are made of cedar wood,

01:51:03they bring a pleasant scent to your closet.

01:51:05In addition, they repel insects.

01:51:07They are also super hard,

01:51:09which is convenient for heavy clothes like jackets.

01:51:12And as it is difficult to damage them,

01:51:14they will last longer.

01:51:18You may have noticed that there is a square of color

01:51:20at the bottom of your toothpaste.

01:51:22These blocks are generally in blue, red, iron and black.

01:51:27These are kind of markers

01:51:29because they help the machines of the assembly line

01:51:31to recognize where and when to cut the toothpaste

01:51:34and seal the end of the tube.

01:51:38Some boots have loops on the top and back.

01:51:42This can seem like a fashion effect, right?

01:51:44Or maybe it's something that manufacturers add for fun.

01:51:47But these loops are actually useful.

01:51:50They allow you to pull the shoe when you try to put it on.

01:51:53In addition, you can easily hang them

01:51:56or use the loop to better hold the laces.

01:51:59Time for confessions.

01:52:00Do you remember the accessories provided with your vacuum cleaner?

01:52:04You also put them aside and never used them again?

01:52:08They are actually very useful when you clean the house,

01:52:11because you can use them in particular areas

01:52:13that are sometimes difficult to reach with the normal accessory.

01:52:17We all know what a condom is for.

01:52:20But in addition to peeling carrots or potatoes,

01:52:22you can also use it for onions.

01:52:25It may be faster than doing it with a knife

01:52:27and it will save you a few tears.

01:52:30Some condoms have something quite special about the neck.

01:52:35A V-shaped seam, which you can see in the middle of the neck.

01:52:39This V-shaped element, similar to the edges of the hem and sleeves,

01:52:43will allow the owner to put on the clothes more easily.

01:52:46And it won't even lose its shape.

01:52:48The V-shaped piece is extendable,

01:52:49so that a person wearing the condom can pass their head through the neck.

01:52:53Its purpose is also to absorb sweat.

01:52:56In its first versions, the green condom had a collar at the front and at the back.

01:53:00Over time, they lost the back.

01:53:03And this V has become something decorative,

01:53:05since the manufacturers began to sew a V to the collar,

01:53:08without using the ribbed fabric they added before.

01:53:12The squares or bright colored circles that you see on the packaging of food

01:53:16are not an indication of vitamins, minerals or certain aromas that they contain.

01:53:21And no, it's not a secret code that consumers are supposed to decipher.

01:53:26It's actually for printers.

01:53:28They are called alignment markers.

01:53:33During the printing process of the food packaging,

01:53:35the manufacturers use these color blocks to check if the printing ink is correct.

01:53:40They compare the color of the blocks they print

01:53:42to ensure that the brand they work for has a constant and recognizable quality all over the world.

01:53:49Most printers use only four colors,

01:53:52yellow, magenta, cyan and black.

01:53:55Some printers have additional colors, like green, orange and purple.

01:54:00That's why you sometimes see several circles on some packaging.

01:54:05They test each ink color.

01:54:08The margins in the notebooks.

01:54:09They are not there as a kind of guide to take notes and write.

01:54:13Someone has imagined a potential solution

01:54:15supposed to protect the written work against, well, the rats.

01:54:18In the past, they were quite common in people's homes.

01:54:22They are known for their diet, which includes almost everything, including paper.

01:54:27So people started to add large margins, like in Musgul,

01:54:31which was supposed to satisfy the rats.

01:54:33So they couldn't reach the main dish, the written pages.

01:54:38The costumes have a buttonhole near the back of the cover.

01:54:42Manufacturers sew it so that you can't open it without damaging your costume.

01:54:46And when you compare it to the other cover,

01:54:48you see that this one is completely smooth, without any trace.

01:54:53You won't find a buttonhole so little marked only on a suit jacket.

01:54:56Sportswear shirts, jackets and other clothes are also provided.

01:55:01And this is linked to the history of the cover.

01:55:04The first covers appeared at the beginning of the 19th century.

01:55:08Before that, men mainly wore blouses with high collars.

01:55:12They buttoned them up.

01:55:14During the hot days, they released the position of the buttons,

01:55:17lowered the collars and left the upper button unbuttoned.

01:55:20It was a way to relieve the heat.

01:55:22And in addition, their folded back was symmetrical at the chest level.

01:55:26And today, we identify it as a back.

01:55:30People stopped using this buttonhole after the appearance of the back,

01:55:33except for certain formal occasions,

01:55:35such as when you wanted to put a flower on it.

01:55:38That's why seamstresses left it as a fashion item.

01:55:43Let's talk a little about tea bags.

01:55:44It is quite easy to guess what they are for,

01:55:46but they can also be useful if you have feet that smell bad

01:55:49after a long day in your shoes.

01:55:51All you have to do is place new tea bags, of course,

01:55:53in your shoes at night.

01:55:55When you wake up, the tea bags will have absorbed all the unwanted smells.

01:55:59However, don't forget to throw them away afterwards.

01:56:00You don't want to soak a tea with a weird smell, do you?

01:56:03The pins can also have an additional use.

01:56:05You can pinch your money to keep it together.

01:56:07The same goes for the trombones.

01:56:09If your favorite bracelet breaks and you are looking for a way to keep it together,

01:56:13a trombone can be useful.

01:56:15You just have to hang one on each end of the bracelet,

01:56:18tightly twist it, and voila, it's ready to go.

01:56:22The world's largest sand castle is located in Denmark.

01:56:25It is over 21 meters high.

01:56:28The 30 sculptors who created it used more than 5,000 tons of sand.

01:56:33To make it more durable, they added 10% clay,

01:56:36as well as a layer of glue.

01:56:38They built it to withstand long and stormy winters.

01:56:45You can really spend the night inside a giant potato.

01:56:48The next time you want to rest in a rather unique way,

01:56:52you can book a bed inside an 8.5-meter-long and 3.7-meter-wide potato.

01:56:58This is at least what this original structure offers,

01:57:01made of concrete, steel and plaster,

01:57:03which looks like a potato.

01:57:06The teenagers of the other decades are different from today's high school students.

01:57:11At first glance, they seem much older, don't you think?

01:57:17But it's simply because they have a different style.

01:57:20As they grew up, they continued to buy the same clothes they thought were cool.

01:57:26Today, we associate this same style with people in their 50s or 60s.

01:57:31So, when we see photos of these people when they were teenagers,

01:57:34we get the impression that they have aged.

01:57:38In fact, they look like today's teenagers.

01:57:41The same thing will happen with today's teenagers.

01:57:44They will continue to buy the clothes they think are cool when they are older.

01:57:48This is why future generations will associate their clothing style with the elderly.

01:57:55Jaguars, black caimans, sloths, giant tattoos,

01:57:58there are many different animals that you can find in the Amazon rainforest.

01:58:02But what was just there?

01:58:04Let's rewind a bit.

01:58:06Yes, there, in the middle.

01:58:08You can find a humpback whale.

01:58:10It is rare to see one, even in the middle of the ocean.

01:58:13But it's really amazing to find one in the middle of the Amazon.

01:58:17And that's what happened in 2019

01:58:19when inhabitants found a lifeless humpback whale there.

01:58:22The animal probably died in the mouth of the Amazon river

01:58:26and ended up on the mainland when the tides withdrew.

01:58:32Elephants have huge ears.

01:58:34And normally, they stretch them to perceive the sound from front to back.

01:58:38But there are sometimes vocalizations and distant sounds

01:58:41that they can hear with their paws.

01:58:44When they detect something distant,

01:58:47elephants freeze and lean forward.

01:58:49They transfer their weight to their front paws

01:58:51and can even lift one of their feet.

01:58:56People often think that apple pie is native to America.

01:58:59But no.

01:59:00Apples are actually native to Asia.

01:59:02And the first recorded apple pie recipe

01:59:04appeared in England.

01:59:08When a material turns white in the sun,

01:59:10where does the color go, according to you?

01:59:12The color of a given material

01:59:14comes from the part of the molecules called chromophores.

01:59:17They absorb photons at particular wavelength.

01:59:20The photon is the basic particle of light.

01:59:23Some photons that are not absorbed are re-emitted.

01:59:26And their wavelength determines the color we see.

01:59:29When you expose a material to sunlight

01:59:32or to photons more charged with energy,

01:59:34it can damage its chromophores.

01:59:36That's why they won't be able

01:59:38to emit photons at certain wavelengths.

01:59:41Red materials are those

01:59:43that stick the most to sunlight.

01:59:45Their chromophores emit red light

01:59:47in a way that absorbs photons

01:59:49from other wavelengths.

01:59:52You prepare a meal.

01:59:53You cut the vegetables.

01:59:54And, oh no, the tears flow.

01:59:57We cry when we cut an onion

01:59:59because breaking the skin

02:00:01releases enzymes and sulfenic acid.

02:00:03When they combine,

02:00:05they produce a gas that spreads in the air

02:00:07and irritates your eyes.

02:00:09This causes tear glands to produce tears

02:00:11to evacuate this irritating acid.

02:00:15Your brain can't perform at the same time

02:00:17two things that require a high-level brain function.

02:00:20And no, you can't really be multitasking.

02:00:23We can't consider subaltern functions

02:00:25like pumping blood and breathing

02:00:27as multitasking.

02:00:29It's an action you have to think about.

02:00:31So, what you consider multitasking

02:00:33is quickly switching from one task to another.

02:00:39Try moving your feet and hands

02:00:41in opposite directions.

02:00:43Sit on a chair and turn your left leg

02:00:45clockwise.

02:00:47Draw an 8 with your left hand

02:00:49or do the same thing

02:00:51with your right hand and leg.

02:00:53It looks like your leg has changed direction, doesn't it?

02:00:55That's what happens to almost everyone.

02:00:57If you turn your leg in the opposite direction

02:00:59of the hands of a watch,

02:01:01the same thing will happen.

02:01:03When you are on a carousel

02:01:05that spins very fast,

02:01:07you can feel this strange force

02:01:09and it looks like it wants to make you fall.

02:01:11Our planet is like a huge carousel

02:01:13that spins in space

02:01:15at about 1,609 km per hour.

02:01:17But we don't feel this rotational force

02:01:19because another force acts on our planet

02:01:21and on us, gravity.

02:01:23It holds us firmly to the ground

02:01:25about a thousand times stronger

02:01:27than our planet spins

02:01:29trying to catapult us into space.

02:01:33The toothpaste contains edulcorants

02:01:35because it is composed of detergent

02:01:37that creates foam when you brush your teeth

02:01:39and it needs something to mask

02:01:41the horrible taste of soap they bring.

02:01:43Of course, sugar is excluded,

02:01:45but there are other edulcorants,

02:01:47xylitol or sorbitol,

02:01:49that do a good job

02:01:51by covering the detergent.

02:01:53These chemical edulcorants attract water.

02:01:55They keep the water molecules

02:01:57locked in the toothpaste

02:01:59so that they do not dry out.

02:02:01Have you ever noticed

02:02:03that you are often less hungry

02:02:05when it is hot outside?

02:02:07All the metabolic processes

02:02:09that take place in our body,

02:02:11including digestion,

02:02:13produce heat.

02:02:15Of the 1,000 calories you eat,

02:02:17the rest of the calories

02:02:19turn into lost heat.

02:02:21When it is hot outside,

02:02:23your body works hard

02:02:25to keep you from overheating.

02:02:27It does not really need

02:02:29the additional heat

02:02:31it generates by digesting

02:02:33the big breakfast you took.

02:02:35This is why your body

02:02:37reduces your appetite

02:02:39for a while

02:02:41and then uses more energy

02:02:43in the fat reserves

02:02:45of the food you eat.

02:02:47When you are in another

02:02:49unfamiliar place,

02:02:51you experience what scientists

02:02:53call the first night effect.

02:02:55One of these studies

02:02:57revealed that the left side

02:02:59of our brain sleeps

02:03:01less well than the right side

02:03:03during the first night

02:03:05spent in a new environment.

02:03:07This is probably due

02:03:09to an evolutionary mechanism

02:03:11that makes us more

02:03:13likely to wake up

02:03:15during the first night

02:03:17in your new environment.

02:03:19When you wake up often,

02:03:21you remember your dreams

02:03:23much better.

02:03:25This is why they can seem

02:03:27more lively in such situations.

02:03:29You are at work,

02:03:31you have just had lunch

02:03:33and you are about to finish

02:03:35the last task of the day,

02:03:37but you can't make it.

02:03:39You have such a drop in energy

02:03:41that you don't feel alive again.

02:03:43This can be due to a gluttonous

02:03:45meal, a lack of sleep

02:03:47or a certain dehydration.

02:03:49And there is another possible reason.

02:03:51A small region of your brain,

02:03:53the suprachiasmatic nucleus

02:03:55or NSC,

02:03:57controls your internal biological

02:03:59clock, also called circadian rhythm.

02:04:01This part sends signals

02:04:03to your body to release

02:04:05melatonin, a hormone

02:04:07inducing insomnia.

02:04:09You can't sleep well

02:04:11and your body temperature

02:04:13also drops.

02:04:15You also go through a reduced

02:04:17version of this process

02:04:19between 2 p.m. and 4 p.m.

02:04:21We still don't know why,

02:04:23but some researchers think

02:04:25it could be due to the fact

02:04:27that our circadian rhythm

02:04:29has both a primary cycle

02:04:31of 24 hours and a cycle

02:04:33of 12 hours.

02:04:35You may have the impression

02:04:37that this is a hypnagogic state.

02:04:39Scientists think it could be

02:04:41linked to creativity.

02:04:43Marie Shelley said

02:04:45that the idea of her popular novel

02:04:47Frankenstein came to her

02:04:49during the phase of the awakened dream.

02:04:51Salvador Dali, a famous artist,

02:04:53called this phase

02:04:55the sum with a key.

02:04:57In this state, your mind feels free

02:04:59to wander and has no phone,

02:05:01no one or anything else

02:05:03that can disturb it.

02:05:05This is ideal for spontaneous ideas

02:05:07and creative thoughts.

02:05:09If you fall asleep just after

02:05:11entering this state,

02:05:13you will probably forget

02:05:15most of your original ideas.

02:05:17So keep a piece of paper

02:05:19and a pen close to your bed

02:05:21just in case.

02:05:2336.7°C is a temperature

02:05:25that seems hot

02:05:27even if the human body

02:05:29is at the same temperature.

02:05:31In fact, it is the average temperature

02:05:33of 33.9°C.

02:05:35But our fingers, our toes

02:05:37and our face can be much colder.

02:05:39The receptors of our skin

02:05:41react to differences

02:05:43and temperature changes.

02:05:45If you touch your naked belly

02:05:47with your hand,

02:05:49it will record heat

02:05:51but your belly will feel cold

02:05:53even if both have the temperature

02:05:55of the skin.

02:05:57Likewise, if you put a finger

02:05:59in your mouth,

02:06:01even the smartest people

02:06:03make serious mistakes

02:06:05when it comes to protecting their belongings.

02:06:07Like using a combination lock, for example.

02:06:09This means that bunnies like me

02:06:11are really in trouble.

02:06:13Anyway, we can't deny

02:06:15that combination locks are very practical.

02:06:17You don't have to worry about

02:06:19losing the key or anything else.

02:06:21But one of the biggest problems

02:06:23with combination locks

02:06:25is that they can be opened

02:06:27by means of repeated attempts.

02:06:29If you spend enough time

02:06:31you will be able to force it.

02:06:33So, this convenience

02:06:35is done at the expense of security.

02:06:37This is due to the mechanism

02:06:39of operation of these locks.

02:06:41Inside a combination lock

02:06:43there are several rotating discs.

02:06:45Each of them is aligned

02:06:47with a number on the dial.

02:06:49When you enter the right combination,

02:06:51its internal components align perfectly

02:06:53releasing the way that allows the lock to open.

02:06:55This simplicity, however,

02:06:57is also its Achilles heel.

02:06:59The use of a fixed digital code

02:07:01means that anyone who has enough time

02:07:03and patience can try the simplest approach

02:07:05which consists of trying

02:07:07methodically different combinations

02:07:09until they find the right one.

02:07:11This is how combination locks

02:07:13offer the most predictable challenge

02:07:15and therefore exploitable

02:07:17to potential intruders.

02:07:19In addition, there are other practical limits.

02:07:21Some combination locks

02:07:23may not be very resistant

02:07:25to extreme weather conditions

02:07:27such as rain, snow,

02:07:29or negative temperatures

02:07:31which can affect their performance

02:07:33and their reliability.

02:07:35In addition, entering a combination lock

02:07:37can be slower than using a key

02:07:39which can be a problem in an emergency

02:07:41or in situations where quick access is necessary.

02:07:43That being said, we do not suggest

02:07:45to rely more on other types of locks.

02:07:47They all have their own weaknesses.

02:07:49Now let's move on to key locks.

02:07:51At first glance, with their unique

02:07:53and complex internal mechanisms,

02:07:55they seem to offer

02:07:57a higher level of security.

02:07:59Certainly, their sophisticated design

02:08:01with pins that must align

02:08:03perfectly with the notches of the key

02:08:05seems to provide a solid protection

02:08:07against intruders.

02:08:09But the truth is

02:08:11that these locks are vulnerable

02:08:13to various forcing techniques,

02:08:15starting with hooking,

02:08:17a skill that certain locksmiths

02:08:19can easily master.

02:08:21A real inception of security.

02:08:23The common practice

02:08:25which consists of hiding

02:08:27double keys around the house,

02:08:29like under the rock or under the garden stones,

02:08:31considerably reduces

02:08:33the security offered

02:08:35by such locks.

02:08:37There is also the risk

02:08:39that the keys are duplicated

02:08:41without the owner knowing it.

02:08:43And even if you are careful

02:08:45not to leave your keys anywhere

02:08:47or not to give them to anyone,

02:08:49you can still try to force your lock.

02:08:51If the thief has strength in his wrist

02:08:53and knows that you will not be at home

02:08:55for a while,

02:08:57then say goodbye to your valuables.

02:08:59And now, what do you think

02:09:01of secured key boxes?

02:09:03You know, the ones that people

02:09:05fix in front of rental apartments?

02:09:07These devices are generally

02:09:09attached to a wall or another surface

02:09:11and can only be accessible

02:09:13by entering the right code.

02:09:15They offer a safe place to store your keys,

02:09:17but what about this risky game

02:09:19of hide-and-seek with your double

02:09:21under a flower pot?

02:09:23It seems to be a good plan,

02:09:25doesn't it?

02:09:27Well, before taking a deep breath of relief,

02:09:29it is important to remember

02:09:31our mantra.

02:09:33No lock in the world is impenetrable.

02:09:35In this case,

02:09:37secured key boxes

02:09:39are not only likely to be opened

02:09:41by brute force,

02:09:43but are also exposed

02:09:45to burglars,

02:09:47which can make your home

02:09:49all the more attractive.

02:09:51It's quite paradoxical, isn't it?

02:09:53But the worst part is that a piece of paper

02:09:55can be enough to open them.

02:09:57Secured key boxes are generally

02:09:59composed of several wheels

02:10:01that turn inside the lock.

02:10:03Each wheel has a small notch

02:10:05and when you enter a combination,

02:10:07you actually turn these wheels.

02:10:09The right combination aligns

02:10:11all these notches in a straight line

02:10:13and once aligned,

02:10:15a bar or a lever inside the lock

02:10:17falls into these notches

02:10:19and the box can finally be opened.

02:10:21The intruders could be able

02:10:23to understand the configuration

02:10:25of your key box

02:10:27using a thin piece of paper

02:10:29and the rest of the process

02:10:31will require some computing skills

02:10:33as well as a lot of luck.

02:10:35But as this whole operation

02:10:37will take some time,

02:10:39it is likely that someone

02:10:41will be able to help you.

02:10:43So, before you can have

02:10:45complete confidence

02:10:47to keep the intruders away,

02:10:49let's enter the era of digital locks.

02:10:51This apparently futuristic solution

02:10:53is provided with features

02:10:55such as the recognition

02:10:57of digital prints,

02:10:59keyboards with unique PIN codes

02:11:01and even remote access

02:11:03via your smartphone.

02:11:05But wait before you rush

02:11:07to the first store to buy one.

02:11:09As well as the modification alert

02:11:11and the ability to change the codes

02:11:13when needed,

02:11:15they also have their own weaknesses.

02:11:17Thus, electronic locks

02:11:19can be vulnerable to technical problems,

02:11:21hacking or battery breakdowns.

02:11:23Another new type of technological lock

02:11:25is the biometric lock.

02:11:27They seem to belong to the spy movies

02:11:29but they are actually

02:11:31very practical.

02:11:33Instead of using keys or codes,

02:11:35these locks use parts of your body

02:11:37such as your fingerprints,

02:11:39your face

02:11:41or even the iris of your eyes

02:11:43to unlock the doors.

02:11:45In this way, they offer protection

02:11:47against the volume of keys,

02:11:49the loss of codes,

02:11:51forcing, drilling,

02:11:53flashing and hacking.

02:11:55In addition, some strong locks

02:11:57have an opening delay

02:11:59and an automatic lock

02:12:01in case of unsuccessful attempts.

02:12:03This makes them the safest

02:12:05pair lock with a high price

02:12:07because they are among the most expensive

02:12:09types of locks to produce.

02:12:11But there is more than the price to consider

02:12:13before investing in one of them.

02:12:15For example, if the digital

02:12:17or facial recognition features

02:12:19fail. These locks

02:12:21are also equipped with emergency options

02:12:23such as a keyboard or a regular key

02:12:25that will allow you to open them.

02:12:27In addition, they require occasional maintenance.

02:12:29Don't forget that they work on batteries,

02:12:31so you should replace them regularly.

02:12:33You should also clean

02:12:35the sensors,

02:12:37especially the digital part

02:12:39to make sure they recognize you every time.

02:12:41And let's not forget the issue of confidentiality.

02:12:43The storage of your personal

02:12:45biometric information in an electronic lock

02:12:47raises some questions.

02:12:49As you can see,

02:12:51no lock is perfect.

02:12:53But the secret of the safety of your home

02:12:55does not only lie in the choice of your lock.

02:12:57It also depends on

02:12:59taking some simple precautions.

02:13:01For example, you could be

02:13:03one of those who prefer to keep their private life to themselves.

02:13:05But for security reasons,

02:13:07it would be wise to think

02:13:09about making some friends in your neighborhood.

02:13:11You see,

02:13:13interacting with your neighbors

02:13:15or participating in a neighborhood surveillance program

02:13:17can also increase your security.

02:13:19When you are absent,

02:13:21you can let your neighbors know

02:13:23and so, vigilant neighbors

02:13:25will be able to report any suspicious activity

02:13:27they notice around your house.

02:13:29Objects of value

02:13:31that are easily visible through windows

02:13:33or left unattended in the garden

02:13:35can attract unwanted attention.

02:13:37Make sure to keep expensive items

02:13:39out of sight

02:13:41and close your curtains or shutters to reduce this risk.

02:13:43Many owners

02:13:45neglect to reinforce the windows

02:13:47and doors on the floor

02:13:49assuming they are inaccessible.

02:13:51However,

02:13:53burglars can find clever ways

02:13:55to reach these weak points.

02:13:57Do not leave any ladder

02:13:59or equipment of the kind

02:14:01that allows burglars to climb your house

02:14:03and secure each floor.

02:14:05Forget to update

02:14:07or maintain the security system of your home

02:14:09can make it vulnerable

02:14:11to alterations or deactivation.

02:14:13Make sure you have

02:14:15regular maintenance and updates

02:14:17to ensure its good operation.

02:14:19A bad outdoor lighting

02:14:21offers a cover for burglars

02:14:23who want to approach without being seen.

02:14:25Try solutions like

02:14:27light installation with motion detector

02:14:29and make sure

02:14:31the outside of your house is well lit

02:14:33to dissuade potential intruders.

02:14:35You must also take into account

02:14:37that whatever security measures

02:14:39you take,

02:14:41there is always the possibility

02:14:43that a burglar can bypass them

02:14:45and enter your house.

02:14:47This is why you should have a safe at home.

02:14:49It is an ultimate line of defense

02:14:51that is often neglected

02:14:53but a secure network

02:14:55can help you protect precious documents,

02:14:57jewels and other irreplaceable objects.

02:14:59And finally,

02:15:01a often unknown aspect

02:15:03of the security of your home

02:15:05is digital.

02:15:07If your Wi-Fi network is not secure,

02:15:09it can be a gateway

02:15:11for cybercriminals

02:15:13who want to access your personal information

02:15:15and your smart devices.

02:15:17The use of a password

02:15:19and the adoption of advanced security measures

02:15:21are key.

02:15:23In any case, it works for me.

02:15:51Thank you for watching.

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02:30:23Bien avant les arbres, les requins remontent à environ 400 millions d'années,

02:30:27les arbres arrivant environ 50 millions d'années plus tard.

02:30:31La police de caractère comique sans MS divise les gens du monde entier depuis des décennies

02:30:37et a acquis la réputation d'être si informelle que peu professionnelle.

02:30:41C'est parfaitement logique quand on connaît son origine puisque le designer Vincent Conner

02:30:47s'est inspiré de ses bandes dessinées préférées, comme Watchmane par exemple.

02:30:51If you are looking for a bodyguard in the animal kingdom, we have what you need.

02:30:56The gorilla, with a silver back, can lift up to 10 times its own body, which represents

02:31:02a total of about 800 kilos.

02:31:04This makes it one of the strongest living mammals on the planet.

02:31:08Humans are the only animals to have a chin.

02:31:11Although other animals, like the chimpanzee, share similarities with humans,

02:31:16like walking on two legs or having a jaw,

02:31:19none really have this little bone in the middle of the lower jaw.

02:31:24Originally, movie trailers were broadcast after the movie.

02:31:29That's why they are called trailers, which also means trailer in English.

02:31:34The current American flag was designed by a high school student.

02:31:38Bob Heft designed the flag for his history class in 1958 and received only a B for his work.

02:31:45Later, his design was chosen among more than 1,500 others to become the new 50-star flag.

02:31:52Unsurprisingly, its grade was changed to an A after that.

02:31:56Unlike humans, cats don't have the same amount of fingers on their front and back legs.

02:32:01They usually have 5 fingers on their front legs, but only 4 on their back legs.

02:32:05So if you have a feline companion, go take a look.

02:32:09Have you ever wondered what this little pocket in your jean was for?

02:32:13It was originally intended to store pocket watches.

02:32:16It dates back to 1879, the date of the creation of the first Levi's jeans.

02:32:21Your brain uses different hemispheres to store different memories.

02:32:26The things you hear or read are stored in the left hemisphere,

02:32:30while the images or events you witnessed are stored in the right hemisphere.

02:32:35Hidden under the ice and frozen lands of Antarctica and Siberia are giant viruses.

02:32:41They are 10 times bigger than those we know and can survive for tens of thousands of years.

02:32:47There is a real Jurassic Park in Morocco.

02:32:50The Kem Kem Plateau is an extremely rich area of fossil dinosaurs,

02:32:55with dozens of species discovered over the last decades.

02:32:58About 34 million years ago, ancient primates crossed the Atlantic from Africa to South America.

02:33:05And no one knows how.

02:33:07Sorry to tell you, but money is not really made of paper,

02:33:10which also proves that it does not grow on trees.

02:33:13American banknotes, for example, are made of 25% linen and 75% cotton.

02:33:19That's why they have such a distinct texture and appearance.

02:33:22In the 19th century, money was made of paper,

02:33:25so that people could easily counterfeit it, unlike today.

02:33:29The Eiffel Tower is almost 15 cm higher during the summer.

02:33:34When you heat a substance, these particles start to move more actively and occupy a larger volume.

02:33:39This is called thermal dilation.

02:33:42When the temperature drops, the substance contracts again.

02:33:45Such an effect is more important in gases,

02:33:48but can also be seen in liquids and solids, including iron.

02:33:52This is why, when large structures are built, such as bridges,

02:33:56dilation joints are used.

02:33:58They allow the structure to have a certain margin of maneuver to dilate and contract,

02:34:03and these changes do not cause any damage.

02:34:06Honey can last thousands of years without deteriorating.

02:34:09Bees land on flowers to collect the sweet nectar.

02:34:13Then they transport it to their hive and transfer it to other worker bees.

02:34:17They reduce the water content of the nectar

02:34:20by swallowing and squeezing the liquid several times.

02:34:23Yum! Bee vomit!

02:34:25Special enzymes in their stomach decompose the glucose contained in the nectar

02:34:29and it becomes more acidic.

02:34:31Bees deposit this nectar in the alveoli

02:34:34and begin to lift it with their wings so that the water evaporates more quickly.

02:34:38Honey is now very acidic and poor in water,

02:34:41which preserves it from deterioration.

02:34:44Bacteria that cause food deterioration cannot survive in such conditions.

02:34:48In the past, people did not lift their mattresses from the ground.

02:34:52This practice began in ancient Egypt and continued in many other cultures.

02:34:57People realized that it was colder on the ground

02:35:00and that they could heat their beds more easily if they were not directly in contact.

02:35:04In the past, houses also had more air flow.

02:35:07The cold air entered through the bottom of the doors.

02:35:09There was no central heating,

02:35:11so people had to find other ways to warm up.

02:35:14However, the hot air tends to rise,

02:35:16so by placing their bed higher, it was not as cold as on the ground.

02:35:19In addition, in this way, they could keep their beds clean more easily.

02:35:23Indeed, in modest homes, the floors were much dirtier than today,

02:35:26and all this dirt generally migrated into the beds.

02:35:29Speaking of cleanliness,

02:35:31do you think people are naturally clean and tidy?

02:35:34After all, our ancestors, who lived thousands of years ago,

02:35:37already used latrines and combed their hair with combs,

02:35:40and they kept their interiors and bodies clean.

02:35:44Our natural need for hygiene and cleanliness

02:35:47is motivated by our sense of disgust.

02:35:49It is this mechanism that helps our body to remain safe

02:35:52and protects it from various infections.

02:35:55This is why we are more sensitive to certain smells and certain things.

02:35:58But we still have rather unhealthy habits.

02:36:01For example, eating an anchovy on top of a keyboard.

02:36:04Yuck!

02:36:05But some animals are even more well-groomed than we are.

02:36:08Rattlesnakes, for example, like to keep their environment tidy.

02:36:12Some of them even use their muscular necks and triangular heads

02:36:16to sweep the dirty grass when they hunt.

02:36:19Many animals like to clear their path when they go looking for their future meal,

02:36:23and reptiles are one of them.

02:36:25Less vegetation increases their chances of catching food.

02:36:28Birds also like to clean up and get rid of unconsumed food,

02:36:32eggshells and any other waste in their nests.

02:36:35In this way, they also make them less visible to their predators.

02:36:39Meanwhile, in space,

02:36:41the shadows are darker on the moon than on our planet.

02:36:44We know that the Earth's atmosphere scatters more sunlight.

02:36:47But if you could visit the moon,

02:36:49you would see shadows so dark that you wouldn't be able to see where you are going.

02:36:53You would also notice footprints on the lunar surface.

02:36:57Humans have not set foot on it for a few decades,

02:37:00but the footprints seem to have been left only yesterday.

02:37:03Since there is no water or wind on the moon,

02:37:06nothing can erase these footprints.

02:37:08They can therefore remain there, in their original form,

02:37:11for millions of years.

02:37:13The core of the Earth contains enough gold to cover the entire planet.

02:37:17And if you decide to do it,

02:37:19the level of this precious metal will reach the height of your knees.

02:37:22For thousands of years, people have been exploiting gold and platinum,

02:37:26as well as a lot of other precious minerals,

02:37:28under the surface of our planet.

02:37:30This is why we may have exhausted some minerals in some regions.

02:37:34But the Earth still has a huge number of these deposits,

02:37:37especially as it approaches its core.

02:37:39It is because of the countless meteorites

02:37:41that collided with our planet during the period of its formation.

02:37:45These meteorites contained different minerals, including gold.

02:37:48At the time, the Earth was still in a state of fusion.

02:37:51This is why most of the gold, a heavy element,

02:37:54sank deeply into its core.

02:37:56And the silicate mantle, which is above the core,

02:37:59trapped colossal amounts of gold and other minerals.

02:38:02Unfortunately, most of them are clearly out of reach today,

02:38:06as we are talking about 2,900 km below the surface

02:38:09and temperatures of several thousand degrees.

02:38:13If you were about to go into space,

02:38:15one of the first things you would think of

02:38:17would undoubtedly be your space suit.

02:38:19But do you know that it is possible to survive in space

02:38:22even if you do not wear any protection?

02:38:25Well, don't worry, you won't last more than 15 seconds.

02:38:29It's the time you need to lose consciousness,

02:38:31because oxygen will no longer reach your brain.

02:38:34In 1965, a technician accidentally depressurized his suit

02:38:39inside an empty room.

02:38:41He lost consciousness after 12 to 15 seconds.

02:38:4427 seconds later, his suit was fortunately repressurized.

02:38:48The man said later that he remembered

02:38:50that the humidity on his tongue was starting to boil.

02:38:53He also lost his sense of taste,

02:38:55and he only came back to himself four days after the accident.

02:38:58You can't hold your breath in space either,

02:39:01so it won't save you.

02:39:03Your lungs would eventually break at some point,

02:39:05because the air inside would expand.

02:39:07Oxygen in other parts of your body would also begin to expand,

02:39:11which means that you would inflate up to twice your normal size.

02:39:15A bit like Harry Potter's Marge.

02:39:18It is only thanks to your elastic skin that you will not explode.

02:39:21It will continue to hold you in one piece,

02:39:23and the liquids in your body

02:39:25will also begin to evaporate quite quickly.

02:39:28We're having fun here, aren't we?

02:39:30The ocean owes its emblematic blue color to the light of the sun.

02:39:34When the sun shines,

02:39:35the water absorbs the highest wavelengths of orange light and red light,

02:39:39and reflects the shortest luminous waves of blue light.

02:39:42This is only possible when there is a huge amount of water.

02:39:45So, the more water you have in one place,

02:39:47the more it turns blue.

02:39:50That's why the water you pour into your glass

02:39:52doesn't have this beautiful ocean blue color.

02:39:55The ocean has many important functions.

02:39:58First of all, it produces 50 to 80% of all the oxygen on our planet,

02:40:03which means that it keeps us alive.

02:40:05But it also helps the Internet to work.

02:40:07So, when you're folded in half watching a hilarious dog video,

02:40:11or you're watching your favorite show,

02:40:13you can thank the oceans.

02:40:15Most of the cables that power the Internet,

02:40:17and therefore allow people from all over the world to use it,

02:40:21go underwater.

02:40:23These are underwater communication cables.

02:40:25Kilometers of cables that run through the bottom of the ocean.

02:40:29There are special boats to put all this in place.

02:40:32They are specially designed for this purpose.

02:40:35To make sure that nothing damages the cables,

02:40:37and your Internet,

02:40:39you have to put them on relatively flat extensions at the bottom of the ocean.

02:40:43The cables must also be kept away from old wrecks

02:40:45or large oceanic ecosystems.

02:40:48Some of these cables have a special coating that protects them from damage.

02:40:52Thus, no hungry shark or any curious fish

02:40:55has the opportunity to nibble on the cables.

02:40:58Trees speak.

02:40:59Well, not exactly like people,

02:41:01but they have their own mode of communication.

02:41:04Their roots are connected by an underground mushroom network.

02:41:08Thanks to this network,

02:41:09trees can share their resources with each other.

02:41:11That's how they speak.

02:41:13They use these mushrooms to transmit nutrients and water from one tree to another.

02:41:18For example,

02:41:19if a tree is stronger and older than the other trees in the forest,

02:41:23it will share some of its nutrients and sugars

02:41:26with the small trees that grow nearby.

02:41:29Thanks, Dad.

02:41:31Look at all these insects that fly through a beautiful sunny day.

02:41:34Do you think they get sunburns?

02:41:36No, because creatures that spend most of their time outdoors don't get any.

02:41:40They have dark exoskeletons that contain melanin.

02:41:43This is how they block UV rays.

02:41:45But insects that live underground and in water,

02:41:48as well as nocturnal creatures,

02:41:50have a paler and thinner skin.

02:41:52If they spend too much time outdoors during the day,

02:41:54they can actually catch a sunburn.

02:41:56Or, even worse, they could be eaten.

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