D'ici 2050, la montée des niveaux de la mer pourrait mettre plusieurs pays en danger d'être submergés. Cela inclut des nations de basse altitude comme les Maldives et Tuvalu, qui font face à de graves menaces d'envahissement par l'océan. Les zones côtières dans des pays comme le Bangladesh et le Vietnam sont également très vulnérables. Si nous n'agissons pas rapidement, de nombreuses communautés pourraient être déplacées, perdant leurs maisons et leurs moyens de subsistance à cause de la montée des eaux. Vérifiez si votre pays est sur la liste d'alerte. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Here is Ulu Malé, also known as the City of Hope.
00:04This nickname is quite logical since this artificial island is part of the Great Plan of the Maldives
00:09to avoid being completely submerged in the near future.
00:13Ulu Malé was created by a sand deposit coming from the seabed on an immersed coral platform.
00:19And it worked.
00:20This city is located about 1.8 meters above sea level,
00:24that is twice as high as the capital of the Maldives, Malé.
00:28More and more people are settling there to live.
00:30But the island has also been designed to serve as a temporary evacuation site
00:34in case of storms and dangerous typhoons.
00:38The Seychelles are another gem of the Indian Ocean that may disappear.
00:43Unfortunately, coastal floods are more and more frequent there,
00:47especially during spring tides and during heavy rains.
00:50The problem is that the main island, Mahé, houses about 90% of the country's population.
00:56Along the coast, it is only about 1.8 meters above sea level.
01:01The Fijis are the third tropical paradise on our list
01:04and are also a first-class choice for travelers.
01:08But this country is in a difficult situation because it is located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean
01:13where huge storms can really wreak havoc.
01:17Take the cyclone Winston.
01:19It hit the Fijis in 2016 and cost them more than a billion dollars in damage.
01:25To protect themselves, the inhabitants plant mangroves along the coasts
01:29and preserve those that already exist.
01:33Their trees are formidable because they reduce the wind speed in the event of a cyclone
01:38and fight against erosion by retaining the sediments.
01:42Egypt could also be in trouble.
01:45It is not as if the whole country was going to be submerged
01:47and that it would only exceed the tip of the pyramids in a few years.
01:51But things could really change for them
01:54because coastal cities are facing a serious risk.
01:57Take Alexandria for example.
02:0045% of its population already lives below sea level.
02:04If the city is flooded, not only will everyone have to move
02:08but Egypt, in general, will have a major impact on its fish production.
02:13In Europe, one of the most threatened populations is in the Netherlands
02:17Almost half of the inhabitants live in areas below sea level.
02:21In the future, envisioning a romantic scene with tulips and your girlfriend
02:25could become an impossible mission.
02:28The Netherlands provide two-thirds of the world's production of tulips.
02:32If the fields are flooded by salt water, the flowering is over.
02:36But the good news is that the Dutch have centuries of experience in water management.
02:41The fact that they know how to use anti-storm barriers and digs
02:45can therefore prevent them from a catastrophic scenario.
02:48The rise in water levels represents a higher risk than anywhere else in the state of the Tuvalu.
02:53This chain of islands, located halfway between Australia and Hawaii,
02:58could be the first country to become uninhabitable.
03:01These amazing lands are only about 2.7 meters above sea level.
03:06Just look at the map to realize how narrow it is.
03:11In fact, the narrowest part, at Fongafal, is only 19 meters wide.
03:16Thus, even before the rise of the tides becomes a real problem,
03:20the country's limited agricultural lands could be flooded by salt water.
03:24The next country on our list are the Philippines.
03:27This archipelago in Southeast Asia offers landscapes among the most beautiful in the world.
03:32But it is faced with the risk of flooding for two reasons.
03:35First, because of the rise in sea level.
03:38Then, because of a crazy and unpredictable weather.
03:41Since 1990, events such as cyclones, earthquakes and tsunamis
03:47have cost the country more than 20 billion dollars.
03:50Have you ever heard of Vanuatu?
03:52This chain of islands located between Australia and Fiji could soon be submerged.
03:57Vanuatu was one of the first nations in the Pacific to move an entire community to a safer place.
04:03In 2005, the inhabitants of the coastal areas at risk of the northern island of Tegua
04:09moved to higher lands.
04:12We then have the Marshall Islands, a country located in the central Pacific.
04:18Studies show that 40% of the capital's buildings, Majuro, could end up under water.
04:24But this country does not intend to throw the sponge immediately.
04:27It has developed an action plan.
04:30Its inhabitants have reinforced the infrastructure of their low-altitude airports,
04:34moved key buildings to higher ground and erected dikes on rural islands.
04:40Heading south, we have Nauru.
04:43It is one of the smallest countries in the world, with a surface area of only 21 square kilometers.
04:49Today, it houses 10,000 people, but it is about to become uninhabitable.
04:54The water level there increases three times faster than the world average.
04:59The lagoon of Buada raises a particular concern,
05:02because it is the only freshwater resource on the surface,
05:05and it is located only 5 meters above sea level.
05:09Our next step in the Pacific Ocean is the Republic of the Palau.
05:13The elevation of the sea level is not a joke for them either.
05:17And the protection of their culture, in particular the taro, is a priority at the moment.
05:23Halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand are the Samoa.
05:28This country is faced with a unique situation.
05:31Not only is the water volume increasing there, but the earth is sinking as well.
05:36Indeed, two strong earthquakes and tsunamis hit the Samoa in 2009.
05:42Thus, while the earth's crust returns to its original position, the total surface of the land decreases.
05:49As a result, housing and main infrastructures could be seriously affected.
05:54Especially since all airports are located along the coast.
05:58We are now in Kiribati.
06:00This Pacific country is faced with frequent flooding problems,
06:04because most of its inhabitants and its infrastructures are located near the coast.
06:09With the exception of the volcanic island of Banaba,
06:11none of the Kiribati lands are located more than 2 meters above the ocean.
06:17To remedy this situation and ensure the safety of the population,
06:21the authorities had the idea to build a gigantic floating platform,
06:25a bit like those of oil companies.
06:28But the problem is that it would cost them a fortune,
06:31the project being estimated at about 2 billion dollars.
06:35If visiting Vietnam is part of your travel dreams, hurry up.
06:39Among the most interesting things to do in this country,
06:42we mainly find cruises to breathtaking sites,
06:46like the Ha Long Bay, which means the Dragon's Descent.
06:50In 25 years, the surrounding lands may be submerged.
06:54Another major problem facing Vietnam is the salinization of the main rice fields.
07:00And if you like Vietnamese cuisine, you know how important rice is to them.
07:05At present, they are particularly concerned about the vulnerability of the Mekong Delta region.
07:10After all, it is a very fertile region,
07:13which ensures most of Vietnam's agricultural production,
07:17and more than half of it is made up of rice.
07:21This country is really making an effort to adapt to this new reality.
07:25The rice fields of the Mekong Delta are regularly watered with fresh water
07:28to counter the effects of salinity.
07:31Our next step is in the Caribbean Sea.
07:34Grenada is an island country, but you may know it by the name of the Spice Island,
07:39because its tropical climate is perfect for the cultivation of nutmeg,
07:43cinnamon, clove and ginger.
07:46Unfortunately, Grenada and its incredible fertile soil
07:49are also facing an uncertain future and the submersion of land.
07:54Let's talk about the last country on our list, the Solomon Islands.
07:58Five islands of this archipelago have already disappeared under the waves,
08:02and six others are submerged at 20%.
08:06Among them, the island of Nusa Ivili,
08:09which was once a favorite place for picnics.
08:13Even if the situation is complicated,
08:16it is important to note that more than 300 islands are inhabited.
08:21The Solomon Islands are still a bit in the mode of recovery,
08:26because they are often affected by tropical cyclones and sudden floods.
08:31The population is already trying to protect its houses from rising waters
08:35by building stone walls along the coast,
08:38planting mangroves and building buildings in higher areas.