La NASA a récemement fait une prédiction importante concernant un immense astéroïde qui pourrait potentiellement frapper la Terre à l'avenir. Cette nouvelle a suscité une large attention et a éveillé un intérêt public considérable. L'astéroïde, qui est actuellement surveillé de près par les scientifiques de la NASA, représente une menace potentielle en raison de sa taille et de sa trajectoire. Utilisant des technologies de suivi avancées et des modèles sophistiqués, la NASA analyse minutieusement la trajectoire de l'astéroïde pour mieux comprendre son mouvement et évaluer les risques d'impact potentiel. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Hundreds of millions of rocks gravitate around the sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
00:07But only a few of them are relatively close to Earth.
00:11NASA ranks asteroids in orbit less than 48 million kilometers from our planet,
00:17in the category of geocruisers.
00:20In this group, some objects are particularly worrying.
00:24They are so big and orbit so close to our planet
00:27that they could be a real threat to the world in the event of a direct collision.
00:32At present, NASA closely monitors an asteroid named Bennu.
00:37It is a relatively large space object that could hit our planet in 159 years.
00:44According to experts, the asteroid, which was spotted for the first time in 1999,
00:51is likely to drift into the orbit of our planet.
00:54If this happens, it could collide with Earth on September 24, 2182.
01:01It is thought that the asteroid Bennu is larger than the Empire State Building.
01:05If it came to hit our planet, the collision would release 1,200 megatons of energy.
01:10It's a huge amount of energy.
01:13Nothing built on Earth can produce as much.
01:17NASA scientists think that during its flight of the 22nd century,
01:22the asteroid could pass through a gravitational lock hole.
01:26This area would place our space traveler on a certain trajectory,
01:30which could lead him to crash on Earth.
01:34Bennu approaches our planet every six years.
01:37It has hit Earth three times, in 1999, 2005 and 2011.
01:45Today, scientists estimate at 1 in 2,700,
01:48the probability that the asteroid will hit our planet by 2182.
01:53A person is five times less likely to be hit by lightning.
01:57Even if the collision risks between Bennu and Earth are for the moment quite low,
02:02this space rock has still been classified as a potentially dangerous asteroid.
02:08All this because it could approach 7.5 million kilometers from Earth.
02:14This is why it is also classified as a geocruiser.
02:19Bennu is a carbon-rich asteroid,
02:22which formed during the first 10 million years of the history of the Solar System.
02:26That is to say, about 4 or 5 billion years ago.
02:30It is therefore not surprising that this space body contains precious clues
02:34about the origin and development of the rock planets of our Solar System,
02:38namely Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
02:43Even better, it could contain organic molecules
02:46similar to those that are essential to the appearance of life.
02:50In 2020, NASA's Osiris-Rex probe
02:53managed to briefly touch the surface of the asteroid.
02:57It collected some samples and then moved away.
03:00For NASA, this was the first mission of this type.
03:04But you will probably not be surprised to learn
03:06that Bennu is not the only asteroid we should worry about.
03:10Asteroid 929.9 Fang 42 Apophis is another space body that we must be wary of.
03:17It is a geocruiser object about 335 meters in diameter.
03:22It was discovered in 2004 and was first considered
03:26as one of the most dangerous asteroids ever detected.
03:30Apophis quickly gained notoriety.
03:33It was thought to be a serious threat to Earth.
03:37Experts predicted that it would dangerously approach our planet in 2029.
03:42Fortunately, after a more in-depth examination of Apophis and its orbit,
03:47astronomers concluded that there was no risk
03:49that the asteroid would collide with our planet before at least a century.
03:54The risk of impact of 2029 has been completely ruled out,
03:58as has the potential impact that could be caused
04:01by the asteroid's approach in 2036.
04:05It is interesting to note that until March 2021,
04:08there was still a small risk of collision in 2068.
04:13But Apophis then overflew Earth,
04:16and astronomers took advantage of it to use powerful radars
04:20to more precisely estimate the orbit of the asteroid around the Sun.
04:24This allowed them to rule out any risk of impact for the next 100 years at least.
04:30The reason why such discoveries worry us so much
04:33is that even a relatively small asteroid,
04:36the size of a house,
04:37could wreak havoc by colliding with our planet.
04:41So, when an asteroid is more than 1 km in diameter,
04:45we are talking about a planet destroyer.
04:48The energy released by the impact of such an asteroid would be devastating.
04:52This is why it is essential to know where these asteroids are located
04:56and in which direction they are moving.
04:58The problem is that our ability to protect the planet from asteroid impacts
05:02is not yet optimal.
05:04If such a disaster was about to occur,
05:07we would need a lot of time to prepare.
05:10A collision with an asteroid was something serious.
05:14The crater of Chicxulub is probably the most famous asteroid impact site.
05:19It bears witness to the terrifying collision that led to the extinction of dinosaurs.
05:23Curiously, this crater is not very visible, but others are.
05:27For example, the Barranger crater in Arizona,
05:30which is also called the Meteor crater.
05:32When we think about the collision that caused it,
05:34we get chills down our spine.
05:37Anyway, we now know that space rocks have not only hit the Earth,
05:43but also the Moon, Mercury and Mars.
05:47No rocky planet in the solar system is sheltered from asteroid impacts.
05:53This is why there is a whole scientific enterprise
05:56whose goal is to find and catalog the asteroids of the solar system.
06:01This may seem a little scary,
06:03but there are about 25,000 asteroids of more than 140 meters in diameter
06:08near the orbit of our planet.
06:10Such an asteroid is big enough to scratch an entire city on the surface of the Earth.
06:16So far, less than 50% of these asteroids have been detected.
06:21There are also 230,000 objects of equal or greater than 49 meters in diameter.
06:28These objects are capable of destroying a concentrated urban area.
06:32And yet, less than 8% of them have been detected.
06:37There are also tens of millions of smaller geocruisers.
06:42They measure more than 10 meters in diameter and can cause damage to the surface.
06:47Less than 1% of these small spaceships have been discovered so far.
06:53Our internal solar system poses enormous problems for the search for asteroids.
06:58Every night, there are only two 10-minute clocks
07:01during which astronomers can observe the region.
07:05The reason is that the sun creates a dazzling background light.
07:09In addition, the atmosphere of our planet deforms and blurs the images.
07:13Detecting asteroids in such conditions exceeds the capabilities of most telescopes.
07:18We need a truly unique instrument to accomplish this task.
07:22The preferred tool is the Dark Energy Camera
07:25of the Inter-American Observatory of Cerro Tololo in Chile.
07:29This device was not designed to search for asteroids.
07:32Researchers have built it to detect something even more unspeakable.
07:37The dark energy, the mysterious force that governs the expansion of the universe.
07:42The Dark Energy Camera is supposed to observe hundreds of millions of galaxies.
07:46It is therefore both large and deep.
07:49Thus, it can observe the universe in depth and capture a wide field of vision.
07:55This allows it to record the movements of galaxies
07:58and to inform us about the conditions that prevailed at the beginning of the universe.
08:03But this also means that the Dark Energy Camera is perfectly adapted
08:06to locate asteroids near the sun.
08:10Interior asteroids are rare and deep images are necessary
08:15because these objects are not very bright.
08:18Scientists must be able to fight both the brightness of the twilight sky near our star
08:24and the distorting effect of the Earth's atmosphere.
08:27And the DECAM can help them in this task.
08:30The Dark Energy Camera was built to study dark energy.
08:34A mission that was completed in 2019.
08:37Today, astronomers can use the power of this device for other missions.
08:42They claim that the DECAM survey is the most precise ever carried out
08:47in terms of objects located near the orbits of Venus and our planet.
08:52Thanks to it, we will be able to know what types of objects move inside our solar system.