Parlons de quelques fascinants animaux disparus et de leurs dernières observations enregistrées. Le lion de l'Atlas, également connu sous le nom de lion d'Afrique du Nord, arpentait le Maghreb mais a été chassé jusqu'à presque extinction, avec la dernière observation en milieu sauvage en 1956 et environ 80 à 100 encore en captivité. Le dodo, un oiseau incapable de voler originaire de Maurice, a rapidement disparu en raison des espèces invasives et de la destruction de son habitat, avec sa dernière observation confirmée en 1662. La vache de mer de Steller a été découverte en 1741 et chassée jusqu'à l'extinction en seulement 27 ans, ne laissant comme preuves que des os et des fossiles. Le tigre de Tasmanie, ou thylacine, a été vu pour la dernière fois à l'état sauvage en 1930, et le dernier en captivité est mort en 1936 au zoo de Hobart. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Currently, there are about 20 billion animals on Earth.
00:06In ideal conditions, we could have 5 billion more.
00:11However, many species have disappeared and about 44,000 are currently endangered.
00:18The largest recent mass extinction event occurred at the time of the dinosaurs,
00:23eradicating 75% of the species on Earth.
00:29Gray's wallaby, a distant relative of the modern kangaroo,
00:32had a true superpower, night vision.
00:36This is why it was mainly active at night.
00:38Measuring 1 meter high, it fed on grass, leaves, fruit and other plants.
00:43These wallabies lived in grassy expanses, near swamps and other water plants,
00:48but their existence was short-lived.
00:50In the 19th century, their population had considerably decreased, bringing them closer to extinction.
00:56In 1920, only 14 of these wallabies remained in the wild.
01:00A rescue mission was organized to capture the last 14 specimens and protect them.
01:06But unfortunately, the situation worsened and 10 of these wallabies died.
01:11The remaining 4 were transferred to a special facility,
01:15where the last of them would die in 1939.
01:19Today, there is only one photo of Gray's wallaby left.
01:22Although it is reported to have been observed after this date,
01:25no evidence has ever been provided,
01:27and this wallaby was officially declared extinct in the 1970s.
01:31Short-faced bears were a unique species living in North America,
01:36and more particularly in Alaska.
01:38These massive plantigrades weighed about 680 kg.
01:42When they stood on their hind legs, they measured about 3.60 meters high,
01:47which is 30 cm more than the largest bear today, which is the polar bear.
01:52Unlike most modern bears, which are omnivores, except for polar bears,
01:57these bears were exclusively carnivores, which led to their extinction.
02:02At the end of the Ice Age, the disappearance of many herbivores
02:06led to a shortage of food for these predators.
02:09They were then the sprinters of the world of bears,
02:12and the fastest to have ever existed.
02:15They could reach a top speed of 64 km per hour,
02:19which is 8 km more than the grizzlies.
02:23There are currently nearly 400 million pigeons in the world.
02:27Once upon a time, a species of bird called the traveling turtle
02:31abounded in America, especially in the eastern forests.
02:35There were more than a billion of them,
02:37but their number quickly fell to zero in just a few years.
02:41With their small heads, long necks, long tails,
02:44large wings and powerful pectoral muscles,
02:47they could travel a very long distance.
02:50The last traveling turtle, called Martha,
02:54died in captivity in 1914,
02:56marking the disappearance of this species in the American ecosystem.
03:00Elephants are imposing animals,
03:03but they seem tiny compared to Megaloceros,
03:06where Irish elephants have now disappeared.
03:09This prehistoric elephant measured about 2.10 meters high at the neck,
03:14and had impressive woods of a width of 3.60 meters.
03:19Today, elephants only measure 1.30 meters at the shoulder
03:23and have woods of about 1.20 meters long.
03:26Despite its nickname, this elephant was found all over the world,
03:30from Asia to Europe.
03:32It was named so because a perfectly preserved specimen
03:36was discovered near the Irish capital of Dublin.
03:40The last Megaloceros died in Ireland
03:43due to its inability to adapt to the climatic changes of the post-glacial era.
03:49Somewhere in the heart of the Costa Rica forests lived the golden toad,
03:53a fascinating creature.
03:55Discovered in 1966,
03:58these batrachians gathered in a specific place to mate.
04:02The following year, in 1967,
04:05a large population of these golden toads was observed.
04:09But the following year, only 10 to 11 individuals were seen.
04:13In 1968, finally,
04:15we saw more than one lonely male.
04:18The search for the golden toads continued for years,
04:23and in 2004, they were officially declared extinct.
04:27This extinction was not due to humans for once,
04:30but to the impact of the drought of the 80s.
04:33However, the coup de grace came in the form of a new species of chytrid mushroom,
04:39causing the thickening of the skin of the batrachians and leading to premature death.
04:44This mushroom is responsible for the extinction of more than 90 species of frogs and amphibians,
04:50thus posing a serious threat to their survival.
04:55Canada is a glacial country, as everyone knows,
04:58and no one would expect to find tropical birds there, like parakeets.
05:02However, there used to be a species of parakeet that lived in America
05:06and in some parts of Canada,
05:08Caroline's conure.
05:11These magnificent birds had a yellow-orange head and a green body.
05:15They liked to perch in large trees along rivers
05:19and mainly fed on xanthium seeds,
05:22which are toxic to humans.
05:25The bird, on the other hand, had no problem consuming them.
05:28In addition, by ingesting these dangerous seeds in large quantities,
05:32their flesh became toxic
05:34and predators did not like to eat toxic birds.
05:38Although these parakeets were very numerous, with several million individuals,
05:42their population gradually decreased since the Ice Age,
05:46mainly due to temperature changes.
05:49In 1939, there were no more Caroline's conures in the wild.
05:56The current African lion had a much more imposing and feared cousin,
06:00the lion of the Atlas.
06:02Mentioned in many famous stories,
06:04these large felines were described as terrifying ferocious beasts.
06:08They are considered the largest species of lion to have ever existed,
06:12weighing about 270 kilograms
06:14and measuring 2.7 meters from head to tail.
06:18Unfortunately, this lion was declared extinct in the 90s
06:22due to various factors,
06:24but today we only have one photograph of the animal taken from a plane.
06:29Paradise parakeets were native to Australia.
06:32These birds were distinguished by their bright colors
06:35and their unique nesting method,
06:38which consisted of choosing termite mounds to lay their eggs there.
06:42Despite their beauty, they have always been threatened with extinction
06:45for reasons still unknown,
06:47although their many predators, including mice and rats,
06:51certainly contributed to their decline.
06:53The last paradise parakeet was observed in 1972,
06:57and today these birds can only be seen in museums.
07:02The Gulf of Mexico once sheltered the Moana seals of the Caribbean,
07:06who particularly appreciated the hot subtropical climate of the region.
07:10They were found most often near reefs and islands,
07:13looking for food.
07:15Similarly to us, they also flocked to sandy beaches
07:19where they rested in large groups of about a hundred individuals.
07:22The Moana seals have been considered extinct since 1950,
07:26but some specimens are still visible in two museums in the United Kingdom.
07:31As we all know, zebras have black and white stripes,
07:35but in the past, a species of zebra, the quagga, had a peculiarity.
07:40Only half of its body had brown and white stripes,
07:44while the back was simply brown and the belly white.
07:48The quaggas lived in the south of Africa,
07:51in the prairies and wet pastures,
07:53feeding on grass and plants, just like today's zebras.
07:56The last quagga died in 1888,
07:59but all hope is not lost.
08:01Research is indeed underway
08:03to reintroduce this species that has disappeared into nature.
08:09Australia is known for its extravagant fauna,
08:12in which the reobatrachis frogs are particularly fascinating.
08:17Unlike ordinary frogs,
08:19they incubate their young in their stomach
08:22and give birth by vomiting about 25 young frogs entirely formed.
08:28Sometimes, their stomach was so inflated that they had to breathe through their skin.
08:33Two species of this frog were discovered in the 1970s
08:37by a certain Mike Taylor, in the north and south of Australia.
08:40Unfortunately, a decade after their discovery,
08:43the two species disappeared mainly because of the chytrid mushroom we mentioned earlier.
08:48However, they are also the subject of a deforestation program,
08:52and researchers are not making any effort to reintroduce them into their natural habitat.