Imagine if a white hole, which spews out matter, and a black hole, which sucks it in, met in space. It would be an epic cosmic showdown! Scientists think it could create intense gravitational waves, which we might detect from Earth. However, since white holes are theoretical and haven’t been observed, this encounter remains in the realm of imagination. If it did happen, it would change our understanding of the universe in a big way! Credit:
Black hole: by NASA / D. Berry https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black_hole_(NASA).jpg https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/questions/relativity.html
Early Universe: by NASA, ESA, CSA, Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), Ben Johnson (CfA), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Marcia Rieke (University of Arizona), Daniel Eisenstein (CfA). Image processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI).
https://www.nasa.gov/universe/early-universe-crackled-with-bursts-of-star-formation-webb-shows/
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Black hole: by NASA / D. Berry https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black_hole_(NASA).jpg https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/questions/relativity.html
Early Universe: by NASA, ESA, CSA, Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), Ben Johnson (CfA), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Marcia Rieke (University of Arizona), Daniel Eisenstein (CfA). Image processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI).
https://www.nasa.gov/universe/early-universe-crackled-with-bursts-of-star-formation-webb-shows/
Animation is created by Bright Side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/
Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV
Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz
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https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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FunTranscript
00:00You already know about black holes,
00:03giant space vacuums that pull inside
00:05everything in their way.
00:07But have you ever heard of a space phenomenon
00:10called white holes?
00:12And what would happen if these two met,
00:15and let's say, collided?
00:18Let's hop on a shuttle,
00:19venture into space,
00:21and get to know them better first.
00:23As you already know,
00:24you can't see black holes directly,
00:27even with fancy telescopes
00:28that detect light, x-rays,
00:30or other types of electromagnetic radiation.
00:34But we can see what a black hole does
00:36to the things that surround it.
00:39For example, when a black hole
00:40passes through a cloud of space matter,
00:43it pulls everything towards itself
00:45in a process called accretion.
00:48As the matter is pulled in,
00:50it becomes hot and emits detectable x-rays.
00:54Or something else can happen.
00:57Sometimes, a regular star
00:59comes too close to a black hole
01:01and gets torn apart.
01:03A black hole is a super-dense object
01:06with an incredibly strong gravitational pull
01:08that starts stretching the poor star out
01:11into a long and thin shape like spaghetti.
01:15You've probably guessed it.
01:16We call this spaghettification.
01:19As the pieces of the star are pulled in,
01:22they become hot and emit x-rays.
01:25A black hole can choose a different method, too,
01:28squishing the star and making it flat like a pancake.
01:33In the other corner,
01:34you have a mysterious white hole.
01:36These are less well-known
01:38because we don't have much information about them.
01:41Our knowledge of white holes
01:42is based on theories
01:44derived from the same mathematical equations
01:47used to describe black holes.
01:50To witness this battle,
01:52you would need to get close to a white hole.
01:54But don't worry.
01:55At least this one won't eat you
01:57and turn you into spaghetti or a pancake.
02:00Just like nothing can escape a black hole,
02:03nothing can enter a white hole.
02:06It's like the most exclusive club in space
02:09with no entry allowed.
02:11You can see that white hole
02:13also has a mass and even spin.
02:16There might be a ring of dust and gas
02:18around its outer edge,
02:19known as the event horizon,
02:22which acts as a border
02:23separating the white hole
02:25from the rest of the universe.
02:28While they share similarities,
02:30there is one crucial difference.
02:32A white hole can release matter and energy,
02:35while a black hole cannot.
02:37Scientists describe a white hole
02:39as the time reversal of a black hole,
02:43as if you're watching a video
02:44of a black hole played backwards.
02:48Things that are already inside a white hole
02:51can leave and interact with the outside world.
02:54However, nothing from outside space
02:56can ever affect the secretive inner world
02:59of a white hole.
03:01Einstein said that space and time are not flat.
03:05They can bend and fold,
03:07all because things like stars and planets have mass.
03:12A scientist named Carl Schwarzschild
03:14figured out how to use Einstein's ideas
03:17to describe what happens
03:18around a really heavy object.
03:21He discovered something called a singularity.
03:25It's a point of infinite density,
03:28and it lies at the center of a black hole.
03:31It's like a tiny, tiny point
03:33where everything is squished together,
03:36all the matter that the black hole has consumed.
03:39The tricky part is that the singularity is so small
03:43that it doesn't really make sense
03:45in our normal understanding of time and space.
03:49Plus, it bends space around it so much
03:52that it creates a special area
03:55that's cut off from the rest of the universe.
03:58We call this area a no-man's land,
04:01which is basically where black holes exist.
04:04Scientists still can't understand what happens
04:07at the point of singularity in black holes,
04:10let alone white holes.
04:13So let's go back to the questions
04:14we started the story with.
04:16What's stronger, and what would win then?
04:19It seems black and white holes
04:21have completely different strategies.
04:23A white hole is a mystery
04:25that we still don't know much about,
04:27but it seems more experienced at conquering space
04:31than a black hole is.
04:33I mean, a black hole swallows matter
04:35and everything it encounters, true,
04:38but a theory suggests that white holes
04:40may have once been black holes.
04:45They're purely imaginary for now,
04:47but stories say white holes can only exist
04:50if there is absolutely no matter
04:52inside their boundaries.
04:55If even the smallest particle entered a white hole,
04:58it would cause it to collapse.
05:00That's a significant disadvantage
05:03in a potential battle, don't you think?
05:05But it's also a really tough task
05:08to try to sneak a small asteroid inside a white hole.
05:12Its gravity is most likely extremely powerful
05:15and will push you away.
05:18This is where the singularity comes into play.
05:21Remember when I said scientists
05:23were not sure what really happens
05:25with this tiny, tiny dot of infinite density?
05:29It can't be that a black hole
05:31just infinitely collects matter in its center.
05:34Something else has to be happening there.
05:39What if this singularity kind of rebounds
05:41and actually becomes a white hole?
05:44Of course, it would take a really long time
05:46for this to happen,
05:48like billions of years,
05:50even for the smallest black holes.
05:54There's a special type called primordial black holes,
05:58and scientists think those probably formed
06:00right after the Universe was born.
06:03And if there were really tiny black holes
06:05created after the Big Bang,
06:07they might have already exploded
06:10and turned into white holes.
06:13Some scientists even think white holes
06:15could possibly explain the Big Bang,
06:18since both involve an enormous amount of matter
06:21and energy appearing out of nowhere.
06:24All this doesn't sound promising for a black hole.
06:27Can this be the first time ever it's going to lose?
06:30If a black hole becomes a white hole,
06:33it doesn't even matter how much it's consumed.
06:36It might throw everything back out into space.
06:40In that case, a white hole might not last that long,
06:43so it will need to make a move against its opponent
06:46really quickly.
06:49Whoa, you may have thought you were safer near the white hole
06:52because it wasn't about to eat you,
06:54but look at it!
06:55It's shaking!
06:57Oh no, it's started ejecting all the things
06:59it's been keeping inside at the speed of light.
07:02Get out of the way to not have some ripped planet
07:05catapulted in your direction.
07:08After millions, even billions of years
07:11of making a mess all around the Universe,
07:14a magnificent, spectacular, and chaotic battle
07:17is about to start.
07:19The black hole is patiently taking the attack,
07:23pulling in everything that the white hole
07:25is throwing in its direction.
07:27Asteroids, all those ripped stars
07:30that used to shine so brightly in the night sky,
07:33and even entire galaxies,
07:35it's all getting out of it insanely fast
07:38and in all directions.
07:41Both the white and black hole have managed to survive
07:44against every space object till now,
07:47but that's just because they haven't faced each other yet.
07:50It's an exhausting battle that doesn't stop.
07:53All odds were against the black hole at the beginning,
07:56but look, it seems something is changing.
07:59The white hole is slowly losing energy
08:01since it can't swallow any new things
08:04and renew its supplies.
08:07Meanwhile, the black hole is patiently collecting
08:10everything its opponent has thrown at it
08:12during this fierce attack,
08:14growing bigger and bigger.
08:17It can keep doing it for thousands of years.
08:20Its insanely strong gravity brings the white hole closer,
08:24even though it's trying to escape.
08:28And the time comes for the last strike.
08:30The black hole's gravity starts stretching its enemy
08:33until it swallows it entirely.
08:36The white hole is completely gone,
08:38and now that it has so much energy,
08:40our winner is more massive and stronger than ever.
08:45Oh no, run!
08:46Now you have this hungry supermassive black hole
08:49wandering around looking for more things to eat,
08:52until it falls apart into a white hole again one day
08:56and starts an even bigger, more magnificent battle
09:00that the entire universe will watch.
09:03That's it for today.
09:04So hey, if you pacified your curiosity,
09:07then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
09:09Or if you want more, just click on these videos
09:12and stay on the bright side.