Phénomènes naturels mystérieux que les scientifiques essaient encore de comprendre

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Transcript

00:00:00You are in the Atacama desert, north of Chile.

00:00:04It is one of the driest places on the planet.

00:00:07But this desert hides a pretty secret.

00:00:10Every 3 to 5 years, flowers grow from nowhere.

00:00:14That's why it's called the flowery desert.

00:00:17Seeds rest in the ground, waiting for a little rain.

00:00:21When the desert receives enough water, about 200 types of flowers grow.

00:00:26The Atacama sand is made up of purple, white, green and pink.

00:00:32Another phenomenon that can be observed in the desert is the sand waterfall.

00:00:36When the wind pushes a lot of sand along a canyon, it starts to fall.

00:00:41If there is really a lot of it, it creates a sand waterfall, like in Saudi Arabia.

00:00:46It looks like the Niagara Falls, but without water.

00:00:49Locals say that this phenomenon comes from an imminent sandstorm.

00:00:54The circle of fairies, also known as the circle of fairies, or mycelium annular,

00:01:00are mysterious circles of mushrooms that appear in prairies and forest areas.

00:01:05The reason why these perfect circles appear is the subject of many debates.

00:01:10Some superstitions claim that the dance of fairies would burn the ground,

00:01:14causing the growth of mushrooms.

00:01:17In southern India, between July and September 2001,

00:01:21people have witnessed one of the strangest meteorological phenomena in history.

00:01:26Red rain.

00:01:28The color was bright enough to stain clothes.

00:01:31There have also been rains of other colors, such as green, yellow, brown and even black.

00:01:37In the middle of the mushroom, a red rain began to fall periodically,

00:01:41and this over several weeks.

00:01:43Researchers have discovered that this rain was tinted with dust or algae,

00:01:48so avoid catching drops on your tongue.

00:01:51Scientists do not know how these algae could get there.

00:01:55This makes such events a little disturbing.

00:01:58People who live in the Esthalen Valley in Norway

00:02:02often see white, yellow and red lights floating in the sky.

00:02:07They appear day and night.

00:02:10In the 1980s, they were observed 15 to 20 times in a single week.

00:02:15These lights can last a few seconds to more than an hour.

00:02:19They literally seem to swing in the air.

00:02:22Some scientists believe that the reason for this phenomenon is due to ionized iron dust.

00:02:27Others say it is a combustion of sodium, oxygen and hydrogen.

00:02:32Many people claim that it is simply an airplane.

00:02:36Snowballs are one of the rarest meteorological curiosities to see,

00:02:41because it takes perfect weather conditions for them to form.

00:02:44In all snow-covered mountainous regions,

00:02:47wind, temperature, snow, ice and humidity must come together to create these strange snowballs.

00:02:54It all starts with a thin layer of wet snow on the ground.

00:02:57Under this layer must be ice or powder snow.

00:03:01A strong enough breeze can then take this snow off

00:03:04and make it roll down a hill like a snowball.

00:03:08These snowballs can be the size of a baseball or even a car tire.

00:03:12It all depends on the strength of the wind.

00:03:14These snowballs don't stay in place for long, so take a quick picture.

00:03:19Did you know that there is a place on Earth with its own ecosystem and its own atmosphere?

00:03:25The Movile cave, located in the southeast of Romania,

00:03:29has remained closed in total darkness for 5.5 million years.

00:03:34It was only when workers discovered it, while they were looking for a place to build, that it came to life.

00:03:40Scientists dug an opening in the cave

00:03:43and discovered that a totally viable and unique ecosystem was developing inside.

00:03:49By digging a path through the rock and through many tunnels,

00:03:53scientists discovered a lake of sulfurous water that smelled like rotten eggs.

00:03:58The air was filled with hydrogen sulfide

00:04:01and contained 100 times more carbon dioxide than the Earth's atmosphere.

00:04:05Needless to say, this air is toxic.

00:04:07But the craziest thing is that this cave housed an entire ecosystem,

00:04:12with 33 species that can't be found anywhere else on Earth.

00:04:16This cave gives us a glimpse of what could exist on other planets,

00:04:20with completely different atmospheres.

00:04:23The simple fact that it existed on Earth during all this time,

00:04:26without anyone knowing it, is pretty incredible, isn't it?

00:04:30Look at these trees.

00:04:32These are rubber figs.

00:04:34Their strong roots don't grow underground, but on the surface.

00:04:38With the help of tutors and special ties, people have learned to control the way their roots grow.

00:04:44Imagine that one of these trees is next to a pit where you want to build a bridge.

00:04:49You just have to direct its roots in the desired direction.

00:04:52Over time, the roots penetrate the ground and strengthen under the incessant winds.

00:04:57It takes about 15 years to build a bridge.

00:05:01Here is another amazing tree, called the tree of life.

00:05:04It grows in the Bahrain desert.

00:05:07This tree has been standing at the top of a sand dune for more than 400 years,

00:05:11in the middle of nowhere.

00:05:13It is extremely hot here, and there is no humidity.

00:05:16But despite everything, the tree has green leaves, and it continues to grow.

00:05:21So far, scientists have not yet understood where it gets its moisture and nutrients from.

00:05:27There are only oil wells all around.

00:05:29The inhabitants of the region believe that this tree is sacred.

00:05:32After all, it demonstrates the magic of life and the power of nature.

00:05:37Some experts are sure that everything comes from its roots.

00:05:40They are so deep that they can reach distant sources.

00:05:44Imagine that you have been driving all night.

00:05:47You haven't slept, and your mind starts to wander.

00:05:50You stop the car, and you go out to stretch your legs.

00:05:53You then look at the sky and see a magnificent sunrise.

00:05:57But wait, there are three suns in the sky?

00:06:01You rub your eyes, but there are still three shiny balls in the sky.

00:06:05No, you're not hallucinating.

00:06:07This is what is called a parallelepiped, or false sun.

00:06:11This occurs especially during strong frosts.

00:06:13Two small crystals of ice floating in the sky distort the light.

00:06:17That's why you think you see three bright spots in the sky instead of just one.

00:06:22This phenomenon is officially called a halo.

00:06:25Usually, it is often a circle around the sun.

00:06:29This phenomenon can also occur at night.

00:06:32Just look at a lamp to see a bright halo appear around it.

00:06:37Sometimes a halo can take on a more fanciful shape.

00:06:40The more ice there is in the air, the more the light will be distorted.

00:06:44A bit like in a room full of mirrors.

00:06:47A halo can even take the shape of a human eye.

00:06:50Because of this phenomenon, a false dawn can occur.

00:06:54When you look at the horizon, the sun seems to rise.

00:06:57Then it begins to dissolve in the sky and it is night again.

00:07:01And it is only a minute later that the true sun finally appears.

00:07:06It is the same effect of light curvature that you saw with the three suns.

00:07:10Except that there, the light is curved vertically and not horizontally.

00:07:15And instead of the true sun, it is its reflection in the ice crystals that has appeared.

00:07:19But there is a sunrise showing three stars on the horizon.

00:07:23Not on Earth, but 340 light-years away.

00:07:27There is a stellar system in the center of which a star is hidden,

00:07:30almost twice as large as the sun,

00:07:33with two small stars orbiting around it.

00:07:36This strange system also has a planet.

00:07:39Sunrises and sunsets therefore occur with three stars.

00:07:43If you organize a hangover on a bench to watch a sunset,

00:07:47it should go very well.

00:07:50And since we are talking about the most disturbing natural phenomena,

00:07:53what about snow in a desert?

00:07:56During the winter of 2018, the inhabitants of the Sahara desert,

00:08:00one of the warmest and driest places on our planet,

00:08:03woke up discovering a thick layer of snow on the sand.

00:08:07In some places, this layer of snow reached a thickness of nearly 40 cm.

00:08:13Meteorologists have found an explanation for this phenomenon.

00:08:16They said that the cold air masses, combined with the last precipitation,

00:08:20had led to a snowfall instead of a simple rain.

00:08:23So what can we do in this case?

00:08:26Snow camels? We need one or two bosses!

00:08:31Imagine, you are watching a volcano erupt,

00:08:35which is already a rather frightening spectacle in itself.

00:08:38But suddenly, you notice disturbing lightning that illuminates the sky above the volcano.

00:08:43This makes the nightmarish character of the experience go to a whole other level.

00:08:47One of the causes of this phenomenon is static electricity,

00:08:50which occurs when dense ash particles rub against each other,

00:08:54not very high above the ground.

00:08:56The other cause of volcanic lightning is very high above the surface,

00:09:00near the stratosphere, where chaotic moving ice crystals release powerful discharges.

00:09:05The Salar de Uyuni sometimes gives the impression of being a gigantic mirror.

00:09:09But it is actually a flat salt desert of more than 10,000 square kilometers.

00:09:13It is located in Bolivia, the highest country in South America.

00:09:17This natural mirror is a remnant of prehistoric lakes that evaporated a long time ago.

00:09:23Even if it looks flat, GPS technology has shown that part of the landscape

00:09:28has small reliefs that are less than 3 cm high.

00:09:32The area contains about 10 billion tons of salt.

00:09:36If you get there at the right time, some of the neighboring lakes spill a thin film of water,

00:09:40which gives this impression of a mirror of the sky.

00:09:43Many inhabitants extract salt and lithium from it.

00:09:46And by the way, don't forget to visit the world's first salt hotel when you pass by.

00:09:50You can find a real rainbow mountain in Peru.

00:09:54Scientists still can't explain it.

00:09:56This colorful peak is difficult to reach,

00:09:58but seeing the colors blue, red, green, yellow and pink in nature

00:10:02is a spectacle worth all the effort.

00:10:06This thing that looks like frozen flying saucers

00:10:08is actually a set of highly flammable and combustible methane pockets.

00:10:13Trapped underwater, they form psychedelic landscapes and amazing motifs.

00:10:17Typical of northern lakes, like Lake Abraham in Alberta, Canada,

00:10:22these bubbles appear when leaves, plants and dead animals

00:10:26fall into the water and are consumed by bacteria.

00:10:29These bacteria then excrete methane.

00:10:33At the end of March 2018,

00:10:34the inhabitants of Eastern Europe witnessed an event as beautiful as it is frightening.

00:10:39Skiers slipped on orange slopes under a red-tinted sky.

00:10:43At the same time perplexed and excited,

00:10:45people described this experience as a walk on Mars

00:10:48or a descent of sand dunes skiing.

00:10:51But as mysterious as this phenomenon may seem,

00:10:54it has an explanation as simple as disappointing.

00:10:57The person responsible for this extraterrestrial landscape

00:10:59was a powerful sandstorm coming straight from the Sahara desert.

00:11:03This storm carried particles of dust, sand and pollen

00:11:07that colored the snow orange.

00:11:09This is not an isolated natural phenomenon.

00:11:12Meteorologists say that orange snow

00:11:14covers Eastern Europe at least once every five years.

00:11:19On February 20 and 21, 2018,

00:11:21the inhabitants of Northeastern United States

00:11:24witnessed one of the most extraordinary meteorological events of recent years.

00:11:28And it was...

00:11:29a heat wave.

00:11:30Yes, in February.

00:11:31In fact, it was the most impressive winter heat wave

00:11:35since official meteorological data began in the 1800s.

00:11:39For example, in Freiburg, Maine,

00:11:42people took off their coats when the temperature reached a surprising 21°C.

00:11:47In Fitchburg, Massachusetts,

00:11:49Confucian people had no choice but to take off their sandals

00:11:52when they saw the outside temperature,

00:11:5427°C.

00:11:56The same thing happened in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,

00:11:59where the temperature reached 28°C.

00:12:02And in Wales, in Maine,

00:12:03where the thermometer indicated 25°C.

00:12:06About 11,000 years ago, in present-day Turkey,

00:12:09when no city or metal tools existed,

00:12:12incredibly skilled craftsmen completed the Gobekli Tepe site.

00:12:17We still don't know how they managed to break and lift blocks of limestone

00:12:21three times heavier than a T-Rex,

00:12:23or even what they symbolize.

00:12:25A stunning fact about the Devil's Tower in Wyoming, in the United States,

00:12:29is that scientists still can't explain how it came to be.

00:12:33It is a 264-meter rocky formation

00:12:36whose walls are so stiff that they are practically vertical.

00:12:40This piece of stone simply rose in the middle of the valley plains of Wyoming,

00:12:44without anything like it, a few miles around.

00:12:47So how is it that such a flat landscape

00:12:50could suddenly give birth to something so high?

00:12:53Theories abound, but no one has the answer yet.

00:12:57The Plitvice Lakes National Park

00:12:59is a major tourist attraction in Croatia

00:13:02and a site belonging to the world heritage,

00:13:04with the many unique animals and plants that surround it.

00:13:07It looks like a movie set,

00:13:09with endless waterfalls flowing everywhere

00:13:12and clear lakes all around.

00:13:15In the mid-1980s,

00:13:17a submarine diver discovered the submarine structure of Yonaguni,

00:13:20off the coast of Japan.

00:13:22Scientists are convinced that this set of reliefs

00:13:25is several thousand years old,

00:13:27but they still can't determine whether it is natural or artificial.

00:13:30If it turns out to be an ancient city,

00:13:32the new mystery is the following.

00:13:34What lost civilization built it

00:13:36and how did it get to the bottom of the sea?

00:13:38The formation of these rocks

00:13:40is not the result of the work of a few humans.

00:13:42They were created by intense volcanic eruptions.

00:13:45Scientists still don't know

00:13:47why the rocks of the Giant's Soil, in Ireland,

00:13:50have such a strange shape.

00:13:52In 1812, for some unknown reason,

00:13:54an English farmer paid a local painter

00:13:57to dig up tons of dirt on the side of a hill

00:14:00and fill the contours with chalk.

00:14:02The painter fled with the money,

00:14:04so that the farmer had to pay a second time

00:14:07for Alton Barnes' white horse to be completed.

00:14:10In Iceland, the Black Falls

00:14:12take the name of the dark lava columns that surround it.

00:14:15The base of the waterfall is made up of carved rocks.

00:14:18The whole structure was inspired by Icelandic architecture

00:14:21that can be seen in some of their famous buildings.

00:14:24You can see ice hair in the forest

00:14:27by a wet winter night.

00:14:29Similar to the beard of a dad or a wig of white hair,

00:14:32unusual ice crystals grow on the rotten wood.

00:14:35Unfortunately, this beauty fades as soon as the sun rises.

00:14:38It's only recently that scientists have understood

00:14:41what creates the ice hair,

00:14:43and the responsible ones are, in fact, mushrooms.

00:14:46They allow the ice to form very thin hairs

00:14:49and help to keep this shape all night long.

00:14:52When this particular type of mushroom is not present,

00:14:55instead of fragile hairs,

00:14:57the ice forms a structure similar to a crust.

00:15:00One of the most common causes of forest fires

00:15:03is the powder from storms.

00:15:05But have you ever heard of a forest fire

00:15:07that triggered a storm?

00:15:09Such an event occurred on May 11, 2018,

00:15:12not far from Amarillo, Texas.

00:15:15The super fire Malard

00:15:17not only created a massive and dense cloud,

00:15:19high in the air.

00:15:21Its heat also caused a violent storm

00:15:23that then poured tons of hail

00:15:25100 km away,

00:15:27in the county of Wheeler.

00:15:29Carenge is the strangest site in Nebraska.

00:15:32Its author studied Stonehenge

00:15:34and created his own version

00:15:36from old cars in tribute to his father.

00:15:38Some cars stand like monoliths,

00:15:41others are linked in an arch.

00:15:43When asked why he had done all this,

00:15:46the creator replied,

00:15:47and why not?

00:15:49Another copy of Stonehenge

00:15:51was discovered at the bottom of Lake Michigan in 2007.

00:15:54There is indeed a set of rocks in a circle

00:15:57with engravings of mastodons.

00:15:59This beast ceased to exist

00:16:01more than 10,000 years ago,

00:16:03so the sculpture must be older than that.

00:16:05Its location is kept secret for the public.

00:16:08Good luck finding it!

00:16:10The Hudson Bay in Canada

00:16:12is probably the only place in the world

00:16:14where gravity is lower than anywhere else on the planet.

00:16:17And even skeptics have to believe it,

00:16:19because the difference was measured

00:16:21with precision equipment.

00:16:23So, does this mean that gravity

00:16:25is as low there as, say, on the Moon?

00:16:28Unfortunately, no.

00:16:30The difference is tiny.

00:16:32The exact value is 0.005%,

00:16:35or one hundredth of a percent.

00:16:37You wouldn't be able to feel it,

00:16:39even if you paid attention.

00:16:41Scientists say that this anomaly

00:16:43is due to the layer of ice

00:16:45that covered the region about 10,000 years ago.

00:16:47It compressed the rocks so much

00:16:49that they still can't fully recover,

00:16:51which displaced the gravitational field

00:16:53of the Hudson Bay.

00:16:55But in the distant future,

00:16:57gravity will return to normal.

00:16:59In 2010, fossilized fish

00:17:01were discovered 400 km west of the Nile,

00:17:04where the Sahara Desert was

00:17:06more arid than ever.

00:17:08This fortuitous discovery led scientists

00:17:10to believe that there could have been

00:17:12a sea where the Sahara is now.

00:17:14They therefore carried out a geological study

00:17:16of the area,

00:17:18and this gave unexpected results.

00:17:20They found evidence of something

00:17:22huge under the sand,

00:17:24and it wasn't part of a sea.

00:17:26For several months,

00:17:28scientists followed it with GPS equipment

00:17:30on the ground,

00:17:32and later, when all the data

00:17:34on the ground had been collected,

00:17:36scientists observed the area

00:17:38from a satellite.

00:17:40The view was amazing.

00:17:42It turned out that there was

00:17:44a huge basin under the desert,

00:17:46with another smaller one nearby.

00:17:48On the banks of these basins,

00:17:50ancient human camps had been discovered,

00:17:52and now researchers are finally able

00:17:54to know why they had chosen

00:17:56such an impressive location.

00:17:58More than 109,000 km2 of fresh water

00:18:00in total,

00:18:02which is about half the size

00:18:04of Lake Michigan.

00:18:06The Kawah Ijen volcano,

00:18:08located in Indonesia,

00:18:10is not an ordinary lava mountain.

00:18:12Instead of producing black smoke

00:18:14and red lava,

00:18:16as most volcanoes do,

00:18:18this eccentric mountain

00:18:20lets out a blue flame

00:18:22and electric blue lava.

00:18:24This is one of the highest

00:18:26in the world,

00:18:28and when sulphuric gases

00:18:30interact with the burning air

00:18:32and are lit by the lava,

00:18:34they start to turn blue.

00:18:36Unfortunately, you can only see

00:18:38this enrapturing spectacle at night,

00:18:40but you can feel it all day long.

00:18:42By the way, the world's largest

00:18:44acidic lake is also

00:18:46inside this crater.

00:18:48The Dead Sea has a high concentration

00:18:50of salt and minerals compared

00:18:52to the rest of the world.

00:18:54It is almost impossible

00:18:56to swim there,

00:18:58but people go there

00:19:00to enjoy natural chemical substances

00:19:02for the body.

00:19:04Floating on the surface

00:19:06is an excellent way

00:19:08to relax.

00:19:10This ancient water stretch

00:19:12has received its name

00:19:14because being 9.6 times

00:19:16saltier than the oceans,

00:19:18no macroscopic organism

00:19:20There is an underground crystal cave

00:19:22in Mexico, and it looks

00:19:24like an interstellar world.

00:19:26It is located about 305 meters

00:19:28below the surface,

00:19:30and each tip is up to 11 meters long

00:19:32and weighs up to 55 tons.

00:19:34These crystals are

00:19:36one of the largest in the world.

00:19:38The Luskan Tire beach

00:19:40is an endless stretch of white sand

00:19:42and azure water dunes.

00:19:44But don't be fooled by this tropical aspect.

00:19:46It is located in Scotland.

00:19:48That's why it looks like this

00:19:50in May and June only.

00:19:52In December, the place receives

00:19:54an average of one hour of sunshine per day,

00:19:56which makes it just as spectacular,

00:19:58but in a monochrome style.

00:20:00The Georgia Guidestones

00:20:02are a structure of giant stones

00:20:04arranged in stars.

00:20:06They have inscriptions in eight languages,

00:20:08including Hindi, Chinese

00:20:10and Swahili.

00:20:12They also present an astronomical calendar

00:20:14completed in 1980

00:20:16and erected for centuries.

00:20:18No one knows who built it or why.

00:20:22In the center of California

00:20:24is the Sequoia National Park,

00:20:26where you can walk in the Giant Forest.

00:20:28It has existed for thousands of years.

00:20:30More than 8,000 colossal sequoias

00:20:32reign on Earth,

00:20:34and 10 of them are one of the largest

00:20:36living plants in the world.

00:20:38General Sherman is estimated

00:20:40to be nearly 2,700 years old,

00:20:42and is considered the largest tree

00:20:44in the world in terms of volume.

00:20:46The famous Stone Heads

00:20:48of Easter Island have existed

00:20:50for hundreds of years.

00:20:52No one knows exactly why

00:20:54they were built.

00:20:56Some scientists believe

00:20:58that the local population

00:21:00believed that the statues

00:21:02made the soil more fertile.

00:21:04The soil analysis has shown

00:21:06that the heads did their job well.

00:21:08It is the best place on the island

00:21:10for agriculture.

00:21:12It gives a magical look to the water

00:21:14that spills over the edge.

00:21:16They are beneficial for purifying

00:21:18not only the body, but also the mind.

00:21:20At the bottom of Saudi Arabia

00:21:22is a perfectly truncated rock

00:21:24in its center, with its two halves

00:21:26placed in parallel.

00:21:28What makes Al-Nasra so unique

00:21:30is that it was not artificially

00:21:32made, but is the result of the work

00:21:34of nature over the centuries.

00:21:36This glacier can give the impression

00:21:38that someone dropped tons of red paint

00:21:40in the Arctic, but it is actually

00:21:42a natural color. Blood drops

00:21:44are the result of extremely salty water

00:21:46mixed with iron oxide,

00:21:48which gives this sinister atmosphere

00:21:50in the middle of nowhere.

00:21:52In early May 2018,

00:21:54the inhabitants of New England

00:21:56were able to observe one of the most

00:21:58frightening and dangerous phenomena.

00:22:00A tornado with a very long trajectory.

00:22:02The frightening natural phenomenon

00:22:04began its race not far from

00:22:06Charleston, in New Hampshire,

00:22:08and headed for the city of Webster

00:22:10in the county of Merrimack.

00:22:12It took 33 minutes per tornado

00:22:14to cover 58 kilometers

00:22:16and become the third

00:22:18on the list of tornadoes with the longest

00:22:20trajectory in New England.

00:22:22In the Philippines,

00:22:24you can swim in the most crystalline

00:22:26waters in the world and discover

00:22:28an underwater world under your feet

00:22:30in the province of Palawan.

00:22:32The city of Coron has white sand beaches

00:22:34with many small boats

00:22:36that sail in the many amazing landscapes.

00:22:38Tristan da Cunha

00:22:40is a small volcanic archipelago

00:22:42in the Atlantic,

00:22:44whose largest neighbors are the cities

00:22:46of Buenos Aires in Argentina

00:22:48and Le Cap in South Africa.

00:22:50It takes seven days by boat

00:22:52to get to this unique place.

00:22:54If you want to escape the rest of the world

00:22:56by staying among the 280 inhabitants,

00:22:58you will feel like you are far from everything.

00:23:00During the first week of January 2018,

00:23:02an exceptionally cold weather

00:23:04in the northeast of the United States

00:23:06froze the Atlantic Ocean

00:23:08to North Falmouth in Massachusetts.

00:23:10The ocean was so frozen

00:23:12that people could walk on the waves.

00:23:14It's obviously something

00:23:16you don't see every day.

00:23:18The red sand is what makes

00:23:20this beach so unique

00:23:22and the reason why tourists

00:23:24flock to Tianjin in China.

00:23:26A red plant called

00:23:28Suaida Salsa lives in the salt water.

00:23:30The whole beach is covered in red

00:23:32and only the upper layer of the sea is visible.

00:23:34If there is one thing

00:23:36that seems to challenge gravity,

00:23:38it is the stone of Tabasco in Argentina.

00:23:40The huge 300-ton rock

00:23:42stands precariously

00:23:44on the edge of a cliff

00:23:46and swings a little from one side to the other

00:23:48under the effect of the wind.

00:23:50People even verified it

00:23:52by putting bottles of glass

00:23:54under one of its edges.

00:23:56They exploded with a rock movement.

00:23:58Unfortunately, today you can no longer

00:24:00see the rock.

00:24:02In 1912, the rock suddenly fell

00:24:04from the perch it had been occupying

00:24:06for hundreds of years.

00:24:08The inhabitants of the nearby town of Tandil

00:24:10were so saddened by this event

00:24:12that 95 years later, in 2007,

00:24:14they decided to restore the rock.

00:24:16They made a plastic replica

00:24:18and placed it in the same place

00:24:20and in the same position.

00:24:22So even today,

00:24:24passing by Tandil,

00:24:26you can see its famous rock in balance

00:24:28because it no longer swings

00:24:30and weighs only 9 tons.

00:24:32But it is nevertheless

00:24:34immediately recognizable.

00:24:36Socotra is an alien-looking island

00:24:38located off the coast of Yemen

00:24:40in the Indian Ocean

00:24:42with one of the most unique trees in the world.

00:24:44It is called the dragonfly

00:24:46and can only be found on this amazing island.

00:24:48In 2008, it was recognized

00:24:50as a World Heritage Site.

00:24:52If you ever see a compact,

00:24:54burning air column,

00:24:56this is not the end of the world.

00:24:58The frightening combination of the sound

00:25:00of whirlwinds and blazing fires

00:25:02means that you are on the path

00:25:04of a fire tornado.

00:25:06This dangerous phenomenon occurs mainly

00:25:08during forest fires.

00:25:10Fires create a large area of very hot air

00:25:12just above the ground.

00:25:14When this burning air mixes

00:25:16with the fresher air located higher,

00:25:18it results in a whirlwind

00:25:20that burns burning debris and flames.

00:25:22The most powerful fire tornadoes

00:25:24can be seen in the sky.

00:25:26The Mystery House in Gold Hill, Oregon,

00:25:28amazes its visitors

00:25:30with effects defying gravity.

00:25:32You can not stand straight.

00:25:34You always lean on the side

00:25:36and you have to hold on to something

00:25:38to keep your balance.

00:25:40The balls roll up

00:25:42and there is a broom that remains perfectly still

00:25:44or that you put it down,

00:25:46unlike almost everything else in the cabin.

00:25:48Local Amerindian tribes

00:25:50called this place

00:25:52the Mystery House

00:25:54before the house was built

00:25:56and they avoided approaching it.

00:25:58But the owners of the cabin

00:26:00decided to make it an attraction

00:26:02and they succeeded.

00:26:04They created an atmosphere of mystery

00:26:06around the place

00:26:08and spread the news in the newspapers

00:26:10and later on the Internet.

00:26:12And now, a perfect anomaly is born.

00:26:14In fact, it is nothing more than a curiosity,

00:26:16an optical illusion created by man

00:26:18that deceives your eyes and your other senses.

00:26:20If you travel to the Philippines, Indonesia

00:26:22or Papua New Guinea,

00:26:24you will have the chance to see some of the most unusual

00:26:26and happiest trees in the world.

00:26:28The trunk of the rainbow eucalyptus

00:26:30seems to have been painted

00:26:32in orange, green, red,

00:26:34purple, yellow, brown and blue.

00:26:36Some trees are so bright

00:26:38that they seem artificial.

00:26:40The rainbow eucalyptus

00:26:42regularly loses stripes,

00:26:44which reveals a shiny green layer

00:26:46below. A little later,

00:26:48this green layer gradually changes color

00:26:50and as the rainbow eucalyptus occurs

00:26:52at a different time in different places

00:26:54of the trunk, the tree begins to have

00:26:56a multicolored and very attractive aspect.

00:26:58Yemen houses

00:27:00the oldest skyscrapers

00:27:02and the oldest metropolis in the world.

00:27:04The old city of Shibam is considered

00:27:06as the Manhattan of the desert

00:27:08because of the collection of earthen buildings

00:27:10coming out of the desert floor.

00:27:12It served as a stage for caravans

00:27:14during Antiquity.

00:27:16A purple sunset.

00:27:18You must have seen at least one

00:27:20during your lifetime.

00:27:22Normally, it is not disturbing

00:27:24and is related to the way the light spreads.

00:27:26The light produced by the sun

00:27:28is white.

00:27:30When it crosses a prism,

00:27:32we observe luminous waves of different colors,

00:27:34from red to orange,

00:27:36passing through blue, green and indigo.

00:27:38The light normally moves

00:27:40in a straight line

00:27:42if there are no obstacles.

00:27:44The shortest luminous waves,

00:27:46especially blue and purple,

00:27:48are more easily dispersed

00:27:50when they meet these obstacles,

00:27:52such as molecules and aerosols

00:27:54present in the atmosphere.

00:27:56As the sun is low on the horizon

00:27:58at sunset and sunrise,

00:28:00its light must cross more molecules

00:28:02that disperse the purple and blue light.

00:28:04The colors that your eyes perceive

00:28:06are yellow, orange and red.

00:28:08But in good conditions,

00:28:10you can see a beautiful purple sky.

00:28:12Sometimes, a purple sky

00:28:14appears for much more harmful reasons.

00:28:16It can be caused by hurricanes,

00:28:18forest fires

00:28:20or dust storms.

00:28:22The concentration of steam in the air increases

00:28:24and the light disperses more than usual.

00:28:26Dust, sunset

00:28:28and low clouds

00:28:30also contribute to this natural spectacle.

00:28:32The sky becomes orange and red

00:28:34at dusk

00:28:36if there is still enough light.

00:28:38Then it emits pink colors

00:28:40and dark blue colors from the sky.

00:28:42Do you remember what happens

00:28:44when you mix pink and blue?

00:28:46You get purple.

00:28:48All hurricanes do not make the sky turn purple.

00:28:50And trying to predict if this is going to happen

00:28:52is like trying to predict a rainbow.

00:28:54However, people have reported

00:28:56that several major hurricanes

00:28:58had so close to the sky.

00:29:00A green sky can seem just as spectacular

00:29:02as purple,

00:29:04but it is also synonymous with danger.

00:29:06It usually indicates that a storm,

00:29:08such as a hail storm or a tornado,

00:29:10is nearby.

00:29:12This unique color is the result

00:29:14of the mixture of yellow sun rays

00:29:16and the blue light of storm clouds.

00:29:18You enjoy a beautiful day by the sea

00:29:20with a cool breeze in your hair

00:29:22when suddenly you notice

00:29:24that the water begins to withdraw from the beach

00:29:26at full speed.

00:29:28This is the forerunner sign

00:29:30that you must flee as quickly and as far as possible

00:29:32from the beach,

00:29:34because this probably means

00:29:36that the storm is coming.

00:29:38A quick reaction maximizes your chances of survival.

00:29:40If you notice that the sea level rises,

00:29:42but without it seeming too extreme,

00:29:44it may be another sign

00:29:46of the approach of a tsunami.

00:29:48This happens in 40% of cases,

00:29:50and this flood is only

00:29:52the first wave of this tidal wave.

00:29:54The next one, much more

00:29:56significant and dangerous,

00:29:58usually follows in 10 minutes.

00:30:00Another characteristic of tsunamis

00:30:02is that they are accompanied by a powerful rumble.

00:30:04People have compared it to thunder,

00:30:06to the sound of a locomotive, a helicopter,

00:30:08or simply to a powerful

00:30:10deflagration.

00:30:12You see a channel of agitated water on the beach.

00:30:14It is in your interest not to approach the water.

00:30:16There may be a stream

00:30:18of rippling under the surface

00:30:20that can be extremely dangerous.

00:30:22Sometimes the waves hit

00:30:24the shore in an unusual way,

00:30:26which forms streams of rippling.

00:30:28You can then observe a strange rupture

00:30:30in the waves or an area

00:30:32where the colour is different

00:30:34from that of the rest of the water.

00:30:36Pieces of algae that go in all directions

00:30:38are another characteristic sign

00:30:40of these currents of return.

00:30:42If you are caught in such a phenomenon,

00:30:44try to continue to float,

00:30:46but do not try to go against the current.

00:30:48You would only waste precious energy.

00:30:50Call for help

00:30:52and try to float along the shore.

00:30:54Once you have come out of the current,

00:30:56swim diagonally towards the beach.

00:30:58The next time you see

00:31:00a conical-shaped cloud in the sky,

00:31:02remember that it is the right time

00:31:04to start looking for shelter.

00:31:06If it looks like this,

00:31:08it means that a violent storm is on its way.

00:31:10But if a cloud of this shape

00:31:12begins to spin on itself,

00:31:14it means that it is about

00:31:16to turn into a tornado.

00:31:18If bees are nearby,

00:31:20they can alert you to such a cataclysm.

00:31:22These little working animals

00:31:24become more active than usual

00:31:26when they feel that a storm is approaching.

00:31:28They accelerate to collect more nectar

00:31:30before the storm arrives.

00:31:32And once they have finished,

00:31:34they always come back to the hive

00:31:3610 to 15 minutes before a heavy rain.

00:31:38And this even if there are

00:31:40no obvious signs of its arrival.

00:31:42Their secret?

00:31:44Super-sensitive hairs on their backs

00:31:46that can detect the electrostatic accumulations

00:31:48of storm clouds.

00:31:50For centuries and centuries,

00:31:52people have noticed that animals

00:31:54behaved strangely a few days

00:31:56before a big earthquake.

00:31:58Dogs keep barking,

00:32:00cows stop producing milk,

00:32:02and toads, rats and snakes

00:32:04desert their habitats.

00:32:06It seems that animals can feel

00:32:08the first shock waves

00:32:10weaker than humans do not even notice.

00:32:12Scientists have tried to find

00:32:14a logical explanation for this phenomenon

00:32:16and have conducted countless experiments.

00:32:18Until now, they have not yet

00:32:20managed to fully explain this mystery.

00:32:22Can you feel the ozone in the air

00:32:24when a storm is preparing?

00:32:26It is the most distinct smell

00:32:28that we can perceive.

00:32:30It is the electric charge of the lightning

00:32:32that releases it at an altitude.

00:32:34The other smell of the rain,

00:32:36more pleasant, is the petrichor.

00:32:38Rainwater exalts the molecules

00:32:40of plants, trees, concrete and asphalt.

00:32:42Their aroma spreads everywhere

00:32:44and you can even feel this smell

00:32:46in your mouth.

00:32:48All the positive ions present in the air

00:32:50and released by a lightning

00:32:52are released into your saliva.

00:32:54This is how you get this metallic taste.

00:32:56When lightning is about to strike,

00:32:58you can hear cracks,

00:33:00rumbles or strange vibrations

00:33:02coming from metal objects

00:33:04located nearby.

00:33:06Your hands can start to sweat

00:33:08and finally, you can feel your hair

00:33:10standing on your head.

00:33:12It is a very clear sign that it is time to react

00:33:14and it consists of running away

00:33:16to save your life.

00:33:18Positive charges then cross your body

00:33:20trying to reach the negatively charged part

00:33:22of the storm.

00:33:24And believe me, you really don't want

00:33:26these charges to meet.

00:33:28If you don't see any shelter

00:33:30that you can reach quickly,

00:33:32try to make yourself smaller

00:33:34than the objects around you.

00:33:36Lower your umbrella and stay away

00:33:38from the iron wire fences,

00:33:40pipes, rails and any other metal object.

00:33:42Don't lie on the ground, however.

00:33:44It is probably wet,

00:33:46which means it is an excellent

00:33:48If you suddenly notice crevasses

00:33:50in the asphalt next to your house,

00:33:52it could be a forerunner

00:33:54of a landslide.

00:33:56Inspect your house from the inside.

00:33:58Does the door start to get stuck?

00:34:00Or maybe there is a space

00:34:02between the walls and the ceiling.

00:34:04Illegal cupboards and kitchen drawers,

00:34:06inclined floors, stairs

00:34:08that start to tilt,

00:34:10infiltrations after each rain

00:34:12and moldings moving

00:34:14are as many signs as a valley

00:34:16that you can't open.

00:34:18To know if it is a collapse

00:34:20and what is its degree of danger,

00:34:22you have to call a geotechnical engineering

00:34:24office.

00:34:26If you come across a pre-existing valley,

00:34:28you have to stay away from the area.

00:34:30Install a fence or a rope

00:34:32to make it less dangerous

00:34:34for passers-by.

00:34:36Finally, you will need the help

00:34:38of a professional to fill it.

00:34:40Some volcanoes scream

00:34:42when they are about to erupt.

00:34:44These screams generate a rumbling.

00:34:46It is generally inaudible

00:34:48to the human ear,

00:34:50but it sometimes reaches a frequency

00:34:52that allows to hear this strange rumbling

00:34:54coming from the ground.

00:34:56This noise is known as harmonic tremor.

00:34:58In the case of some volcanoes,

00:35:00it is the sound of magma bubbles

00:35:02vibrating when they cross

00:35:04the cracks of the earth's crust,

00:35:06but this is not always the case.

00:35:08If scientists were able to understand

00:35:10the exact cause of these volcanic screams,

00:35:12they would have created a limited system

00:35:14of pre-alert systems for eruptions.

00:35:16If you are in nature,

00:35:18pay attention to the water of streams,

00:35:20rivers and rivers.

00:35:22If their level drops rapidly

00:35:24while it is raining,

00:35:26it may be a sign of an imminent

00:35:28landslide.

00:35:30You are hiking in the wild

00:35:32looking for a safe place

00:35:34to set up your camp.

00:35:36You only hear the leaves and branches

00:35:38cracking under your feet.

00:35:40But suddenly,

00:35:42something unexpected happens.

00:35:44You notice something strange in the distance.

00:35:46Between the trees,

00:35:48it looks like a kind of concrete structure.

00:35:50Weird.

00:35:52At this moment,

00:35:54you are already about 30 km away

00:35:56in the woods,

00:35:58and there is no city

00:36:00or village nearby.

00:36:02At least, as far as you know.

00:36:04So you decide to go out

00:36:06on the beaten path with your friends

00:36:08and you realize that there is nothing else here.

00:36:10Hmm...

00:36:12What is this thing doing here?

00:36:14Literally in the middle of nowhere.

00:36:16And it doesn't seem to lead to anything.

00:36:18You put on your Sherlock Holmes hat

00:36:20and you investigate.

00:36:22Let's see.

00:36:24Maybe there was an old house

00:36:26or a manor here

00:36:28that collapsed over the years

00:36:30and the only thing left is this staircase.

00:36:32But strangely,

00:36:34after going around this strange structure,

00:36:36you realize that there is no trace of ruin

00:36:38or even foundation.

00:36:40It's as if someone had cut a staircase

00:36:42from his house, like in a cake,

00:36:44and had put it here

00:36:46for no reason.

00:36:48OK.

00:36:50Your friends and you didn't really want to get close.

00:36:52There is something wrong.

00:36:54The more you look at this structure,

00:36:56the more you think you feel

00:36:58a scary presence.

00:37:00Something tells you that you should probably

00:37:02leave the area

00:37:04as soon as possible.

00:37:06As strange as it may seem,

00:37:08these discoveries of incongruous stairs

00:37:10hanging alone in the woods

00:37:12are surprisingly common.

00:37:14Some are made of wood,

00:37:16others of brick or stone.

00:37:18Some look old,

00:37:20while others seem to have been finished the day before.

00:37:22The only thing they all have in common

00:37:24is that they lead absolutely nowhere

00:37:26and that they are all

00:37:28in very mysterious places.

00:37:30One of the most famous

00:37:32is this staircase in New Hampshire.

00:37:34A medieval-looking long staircase

00:37:36made of stone with Roman vaults

00:37:38in the middle of the woods.

00:37:40We think it was part of the castle

00:37:42of Madame Antoinette Chéry,

00:37:44a Parisian singer of the crazy years.

00:37:46This castle would be almost a century old

00:37:48and it was rediscovered in 1962.

00:37:50This time again,

00:37:52there was nothing but a staircase.

00:37:54Another old mysterious staircase

00:37:56would date from 9,000 years ago.

00:37:58It is located in a forest in Italy.

00:38:00It looks like a flight of stairs

00:38:02that leads to a tiny platform at the top.

00:38:04Why bother building it

00:38:06if it leads nowhere?

00:38:08Well, some experts

00:38:10think it could be some kind of tower

00:38:12with a ritual function,

00:38:14but these are just assumptions.

00:38:16There is a geoid anomaly

00:38:18in the Indian Ocean,

00:38:20simply known as

00:38:22the Indian Ocean Depression.

00:38:24It produces the largest

00:38:26deforming natural gravitational force

00:38:28in the world.

00:38:30Heavy mineral deposits,

00:38:32numerous deep-water pits

00:38:34and present magma reservoirs

00:38:36disturb the magnetic field of this area.

00:38:38Earth's gravity changes

00:38:40in different parts of the planet.

00:38:42This allows researchers

00:38:44to study certain models

00:38:46and understand what happens

00:38:48under the surface.

00:38:50Higher gravity fields

00:38:52generally mean that the materials

00:38:54are denser below and vice versa.

00:38:56This means that the anomaly

00:38:58could be a crevice in the mantle

00:39:00of the planet that would go

00:39:02up to the Earth's crust.

00:39:04The island of Niaou

00:39:06seems to be enjoying

00:39:08all modern progress.

00:39:10There is no car there

00:39:12because the inhabitants

00:39:14travel on foot or by bike.

00:39:16No wonder they look healthy.

00:39:18They live without running water,

00:39:20internet and shops.

00:39:22The only school on the island

00:39:24that is powered by the sun

00:39:26is the only school in the state.

00:39:28A resident of the island

00:39:30explains some basic rules

00:39:32that permanent residents must follow.

00:39:34If they break them,

00:39:36they can be expelled.

00:39:38Not far from Bangkok,

00:39:40in the northeast of Thailand,

00:39:42there is a rock formation

00:39:4475 million years old.

00:39:46These rocks look like three whales

00:39:48swimming together.

00:39:50This magnificent pattern,

00:39:52known today as

00:39:54the Three Whale Rock.

00:39:56Millions of years ago,

00:39:58this region was just a desert.

00:40:00But the Earth was changing.

00:40:02Little by little,

00:40:04the ridge was moved away

00:40:06by tectonic plates and erosion.

00:40:08This is how these spectacular formations

00:40:10were created.

00:40:12If you decide to explore the three whales,

00:40:14you will find waterfalls,

00:40:16a fauna and abundant flora.

00:40:18Located on the peninsulas

00:40:20of the Yamal and the Guidane,

00:40:22these vast pits were discovered

00:40:24in 2014.

00:40:26They seem to be constantly evolving.

00:40:28The pits tend to expand

00:40:30so that people spot them

00:40:32more and more often.

00:40:34Of course, the theories about

00:40:36how they appeared are not lacking.

00:40:38The hypotheses range from the impact

00:40:40of meteorites to the activity

00:40:42of ancient civilizations.

00:40:44But the most common explanation

00:40:46is that it is methane

00:40:48and that the crust of the planet

00:40:50is starting to melt.

00:40:52This would have caused the explosion

00:40:54of methane bubbles through the ice.

00:40:56These craters could be thousands of years old,

00:40:58but no one is sure.

00:41:00You find yourself in New Mexico,

00:41:02in the small town of Taos.

00:41:042% of the inhabitants hear

00:41:06a strange rumbling in the air every day.

00:41:08Some believe that this sound

00:41:10is linked in one way or another

00:41:12to the technologies used

00:41:14by the senders of other galaxies.

00:41:16There is also a legend

00:41:18that something sinister

00:41:20would happen in the city.

00:41:22It is rumored that Taos is cursed.

00:41:24A bad spirit or some ghosts

00:41:26would punish people for a mistake

00:41:28made by their ancestors in the past.

00:41:30Scientists still cannot explain

00:41:32the nature of this sound.

00:41:34Another theory advances

00:41:36that it would be caused by the unusual

00:41:38acoustics of the place,

00:41:40while others believe that this rumbling

00:41:42is nothing more than a collective hallucination.

00:41:44We hear it for the simple reason

00:41:46that everyone talks about it,

00:41:48and our minds generate the illusion

00:41:50of a sound that does not really exist.

00:41:52This sound is not the same for everyone.

00:41:54For some, it is a serious vibration.

00:41:56For others, it is rather a rumbling.

00:41:58But it is not the only place

00:42:00where you can hear these strange noises.

00:42:02It is called the hum,

00:42:04and people from all over the world

00:42:06claim to have heard it.

00:42:08Some inhabitants of a small village in Scotland

00:42:10describe it as a serious and thick rumbling.

00:42:12While the inhabitants of Florida

00:42:14would also have distinguished a similar noise.

00:42:16We do not know exactly

00:42:18when this phenomenon appeared,

00:42:20but the first time the press

00:42:22began to talk about it

00:42:24was in the 1970s in England.

00:42:26In addition, there are written traces

00:42:28of a mysterious rumbling

00:42:30dating back nearly 200 years.

00:42:32According to some estimates,

00:42:34only about 2% of people on the planet

00:42:36can hear this famous hum.

00:42:38Maybe their ears

00:42:40produce low-frequency waves,

00:42:42or maybe the reason is something else.

00:42:44A volcano in Indonesia

00:42:46spits out bright blue lava

00:42:48and produces electric blue and purple flames.

00:42:50This phenomenon occurs

00:42:52because this volcano

00:42:54has sulfur levels

00:42:56among the highest in the world.

00:42:58It also has a rather characteristic

00:43:00nauseating smell.

00:43:02But I'm wrong.

00:43:04When sulfuric gases interact

00:43:06with hot and burning air,

00:43:08they produce blue flames.

00:43:10You can also find the largest

00:43:12acidic lake in the world

00:43:14inside this crater.

00:43:16Yes, this place is a real plague.

00:43:18It is not for nothing that

00:43:20rivers and underwater lakes

00:43:22are called saltwater basins.

00:43:24High salinity makes the water

00:43:26that is there denser

00:43:28than the surrounding sea water.

00:43:30This is why they sink to the bottom,

00:43:32forming rivers and lakes.

00:43:34They even have their own waves,

00:43:36so if you were to dive in a submarine,

00:43:38you would easily float

00:43:40on the surface of a saltwater basin.

00:43:42But without a submarine,

00:43:44swimming in such an environment

00:43:46would be too risky.

00:43:48It contains too much methane

00:43:50and toxic hydrogen sulfide.

00:43:52Yes, I would have fun too,

00:43:54but have fun.

00:43:56The Crystal Caves in Mexico

00:43:58are home to one of the most

00:44:00unique crystalline formations

00:44:02in the world.

00:44:04The air is incredibly humid

00:44:06and the water contains tons of minerals

00:44:08that stimulate the growth

00:44:10of these giant milky whites.

00:44:12Some of them are longer

00:44:14than telephone poles.

00:44:16Cylindrical snowballs occur

00:44:18when a gust of wind

00:44:20starts to roll snow

00:44:22on a snowy slope,

00:44:24a bit like making a snowball.

00:44:26But if it were a ball,

00:44:28it would end up being too heavy

00:44:30for the wind to move it.

00:44:32The center of the snowball is hollow.

00:44:34This happens because its inner layer

00:44:36is too thin and is carried away

00:44:38by the wind as the snowball forms.

00:44:40This makes the object lighter

00:44:42than a snowball.

00:44:44That's also why it rolls farther.

00:44:46Unfortunately, snowballs are rare

00:44:48because they need very precise conditions

00:44:50to appear.

00:44:52The Danakil Depression in Ethiopia

00:44:54is probably one of the weirdest

00:44:56places you'll ever see.

00:44:58It is made up of hot springs

00:45:00neon lights, lava pools

00:45:02and vast expanses of salt.

00:45:04You have to be particularly careful there.

00:45:06Toxic gases swirl

00:45:08above hydrothermal phenomena

00:45:10and many pools are extremely acidic.

00:45:12So don't go swimming there.

00:45:14Wait at least 30 minutes

00:45:16after lunch.

00:45:18No, I'm kidding.

00:45:20And finally, there is nothing mysterious

00:45:22in these 28,000 rubber ducks

00:45:24found in the seas in 1992.

00:45:26A boat carrying toys for the bath

00:45:28lost its cargo in the ocean

00:45:30while it was traveling from Hong Kong

00:45:32to the United States.

00:45:34Some of these ducks still float there

00:45:36several decades later.

00:45:38They have been spotted in South America,

00:45:40Alaska, Hawaii

00:45:42and even in Australia.

00:45:44And they always make the bath time

00:45:46as fun.

00:45:48Rocks that swallow the slopes

00:45:50of an erupting volcano,

00:45:52which grow other larger rocks

00:45:54on their way and which end up

00:45:56in a huge waterfall,

00:45:58causing a wave of a height

00:46:00never seen before.

00:46:02This is what could happen

00:46:04if the Ilina Slump of Hawaii

00:46:06fell into the water.

00:46:08The Kilauea Volcano is far from being asleep.

00:46:10The last eruption took place in 2018.

00:46:12These eruptions are usually accompanied

00:46:14by earthquakes

00:46:16of different magnitudes.

00:46:18And at each earthquake,

00:46:20the magma rocks on the slopes

00:46:22of the volcano move down.

00:46:24They are called slumps.

00:46:26And the Ilina Slump is the most famous of them.

00:46:28In 1868,

00:46:30the collapse of this slump

00:46:32caused a tidal wave of 18 meters high.

00:46:34But the most disturbing thing is that

00:46:36about 110,000 years ago,

00:46:38a landslide caused

00:46:40one of the most powerful earthquakes

00:46:42ever recorded, which in turn

00:46:44caused a mega-tsunami

00:46:46of more than 300 meters high.

00:46:48Scientists fear that such an event

00:46:50will not happen again in the future.

00:46:52As he said, the wave could swallow

00:46:54all of Hawaii and easily reach

00:46:56the coasts of North and South America.

00:46:58Geologists, however,

00:47:00are in a hurry to reassure people

00:47:02by explaining that such a landslide

00:47:04is unlikely in the near future.

00:47:06It's just too early for that.

00:47:08But when it happens,

00:47:10the consequences will be catastrophic.

00:47:12Have a nice day.

00:47:14Yellowstone National Park,

00:47:16in the west of the United States,

00:47:18is famous all over the world

00:47:20especially for the Grand Prismatic Spring,

00:47:22which is located in its heart.

00:47:24But we must all be aware

00:47:26that Yellowstone is above all

00:47:28a huge caldera,

00:47:30in fact, a super-sleeping volcano.

00:47:32The difference between an ordinary volcano

00:47:34like Kilauea

00:47:36and a super-volcano

00:47:38is that the latter

00:47:40is thousands of times more powerful.

00:47:42Imagine an eruption spitting out tons

00:47:44of huge rocks and rivers

00:47:46pumping ash clouds

00:47:48that make countries

00:47:50stop air travel for weeks.

00:47:52And now, multiply all this

00:47:54by a thousand.

00:47:56This is what an eruption

00:47:58in Yellowstone would look like.

00:48:00At first, a huge area

00:48:02in the middle of the National Park

00:48:04would tremble, collapse,

00:48:06then be propelled upwards

00:48:08in an explosion of several megatons.

00:48:10Waves of lava and magmatic rocks

00:48:12would cover an area

00:48:14of about 100 square kilometers,

00:48:16and the volcanic ash.

00:48:18The ash panache would rise

00:48:20to kilometers above

00:48:22and would be carried by the wind

00:48:24in all directions.

00:48:26As the eruption would be far from ordinary,

00:48:28the distance of propagation

00:48:30and the damage would also be

00:48:32much more important than usual.

00:48:34The ash is thick and heavy

00:48:36so that it would cover a vast area

00:48:38destroying crops and even buildings.

00:48:40Worse still, it would spread in the air

00:48:42and block the sun,

00:48:44creating an artificial winter.

00:48:46Even regular volcanoes

00:48:48can lower global temperatures

00:48:50by a few degrees.

00:48:52A supervolcano can potentially

00:48:54cause a new ice age.

00:48:56Fortunately, the chances

00:48:58that the Yellowstone supervolcano

00:49:00will erupt in the near or far future

00:49:02are extremely low.

00:49:04There have only been three

00:49:06in the history of the Earth

00:49:08and nothing indicates

00:49:10that such a disaster

00:49:12will occur,

00:49:14which is lower than the chance

00:49:16that an asteroid will destroy us all.

00:49:18Speaking of which,

00:49:20if dinosaurs could talk,

00:49:22and if they were alive by the way,

00:49:24they would tell you that the threat

00:49:26of asteroids is quite real.

00:49:28NASA scientists claim

00:49:30to have followed 90%

00:49:32of all large-scale geocruiser asteroids

00:49:34and none of them is worrying.

00:49:36But there are still 10%.

00:49:38In addition, asteroids can change

00:49:40due to the attraction

00:49:42exerted by other celestial bodies

00:49:44and end up heading towards us.

00:49:46What a chance!

00:49:48If a fairly large asteroid

00:49:50of the order of 1.6 km

00:49:52touches the Earth,

00:49:54it will first cause

00:49:56a powerful explosion

00:49:58to raze a dozen large cities

00:50:00in a few seconds.

00:50:02Then the impact will raise

00:50:04a cloud of dust and debris

00:50:06that will block the sun,

00:50:08and if it falls into the ocean,

00:50:10which is more likely,

00:50:12the resulting wave will rise

00:50:14several kilometers high,

00:50:16sweeping coastal cities

00:50:18from the surface of the planet.

00:50:20But at least there will be

00:50:22no new ice age.

00:50:24Although scientists are

00:50:26practically sure that such a threat

00:50:28does not exist in the near future,

00:50:30we cannot exclude it completely

00:50:32and humanity needs at least

00:50:345 years to prepare for this event.

00:50:36We will have no chance

00:50:38against it.

00:50:40A disaster movie, anyone?

00:50:42A much more likely calamity,

00:50:44however, lies just under our feet.

00:50:46It is the fault of San Andreas,

00:50:48in California.

00:50:50The fault has been ready to collapse

00:50:52for years now,

00:50:54and scientists estimate

00:50:56that such an earthquake

00:50:58is likely to occur

00:51:00in the next three decades.

00:51:02And when it happens,

00:51:04it will be one of the most devastating

00:51:06earthquakes in history.

00:51:08It is all the more dangerous

00:51:10because California houses

00:51:12some of the most populated

00:51:14cities in the west of the United States,

00:51:16including Los Angeles and San Francisco.

00:51:18High-rise buildings are common there

00:51:20and they are particularly vulnerable

00:51:22to underground earthquakes.

00:51:24The San Andreas earthquake

00:51:26could cause a lot of damage

00:51:28in cities and countrysides.

00:51:30In the worst case,

00:51:32it could even destroy the landscape.

00:51:34However, scientists believe

00:51:36that the probability of such an earthquake

00:51:38is only 7% for the next 30 years.

00:51:40So there is a good chance,

00:51:4293%, that we will never see

00:51:44it in our lifetime.

00:51:46However, there is another risk

00:51:48of an earthquake not so far from the previous one,

00:51:50the Chilean mega-earthquake.

00:51:52The country is just above

00:51:54the subduction zone,

00:51:56an area where two tectonic plates

00:51:58meet and overlap.

00:52:00In the place where they meet,

00:52:02the tension accumulates

00:52:04due to their continuous movement.

00:52:06And once this tension is too strong,

00:52:08a major earthquake occurs.

00:52:10Chile has experienced many earthquakes

00:52:12in recent years,

00:52:14and scientists are worried

00:52:16that they are not preparatory

00:52:18for an earthquake of a much larger scale.

00:52:20They think that a major earthquake

00:52:22is expected before the end of the century

00:52:24and that it could be devastating

00:52:26for the coastal area.

00:52:28Tsunamis have flooded the west coast

00:52:30and a huge earthquake like this

00:52:32is likely to raise

00:52:34a wave of an incredible height.

00:52:36The positive side

00:52:38is that Chile now knows

00:52:40that it must prepare in advance

00:52:42for future natural disasters.

00:52:44And geologists are practically sure

00:52:46that people will be able to evacuate

00:52:48before the earthquake strikes.

00:52:50In September 1859,

00:52:52astronomer Richard Carrington

00:52:54looked at the sun when he suddenly saw

00:52:56an earthquake on its surface.

00:52:58He took note of it, but only realized

00:53:00the importance of this eruption

00:53:02a few days later.

00:53:04The energy of this eruption hit the earth

00:53:06and hit it directly,

00:53:08causing the appearance of Boreal gold

00:53:10above Cuba and burning

00:53:12telegraph lines all over the world.

00:53:14This was what was called

00:53:16the Carrington event,

00:53:18a solar storm.

00:53:20Such storms hit the earth quite often,

00:53:22but none were as powerful

00:53:24In 2012, astronomers recorded

00:53:26a similar solar eruption

00:53:28whose energy almost hit our planet

00:53:30once again.

00:53:32If it had taken place a week earlier,

00:53:34we would have had big problems.

00:53:36Today, humanity depends on electricity

00:53:38in almost all aspects of life

00:53:40and a powerful solar storm

00:53:42would disrupt the earth's electromagnetic field.

00:53:44All electrical devices

00:53:46would stop or short-circuit

00:53:48and the huge transformers

00:53:50that feed practically everything

00:53:52It would take years to repair

00:53:54and the cost of such a massive failure

00:53:56would amount to billions of dollars.

00:53:58The worst is that science

00:54:00is almost unable to predict solar storms

00:54:02and even if we could know them in advance,

00:54:04we could not stop them.

00:54:06The eruption occurs in a few seconds

00:54:08and it takes about 8 minutes

00:54:10for the particles to reach the earth's atmosphere

00:54:12causing disturbances.

00:54:14The power failure would occur

00:54:16a little later,

00:54:18within a day or two,

00:54:20and a massive earthquake would hit our planet.

00:54:22For now, there is no protection

00:54:24against solar storms

00:54:26and the chances that there is a powerful one

00:54:28to cut all our electricity

00:54:30in the next few years are quite high,

00:54:32about 12%.

00:54:34The only positive point in all this

00:54:36is that we now know this possibility

00:54:38and that we can at least

00:54:40prepare for it in advance.

00:54:42Do not forget to take underwear and socks,

00:54:44it is always useful.

00:54:46Do you smell something coming from below?

00:54:48No, it is not your stomach.

00:54:50It is a deep and disturbing sound.

00:54:52You open your eyes and you see

00:54:54strange lights suspended above the ground.

00:54:56They look like sparkling light balls

00:54:58flying high in the sky.

00:55:00Your throat becomes dry

00:55:02and you swallow.

00:55:04This is what we call light of earthquakes.

00:55:06This phenomenon is misunderstood

00:55:08but witnesses claim to have observed it

00:55:10under different aspects.

00:55:12It can appear in the form of light balls,

00:55:14lightning, snails

00:55:16and a constant glow in the sky.

00:55:18Shortly after, a strong earthquake occurs.

00:55:20Scientists do not know

00:55:22why these lights appear

00:55:24and besides, they do not always appear.

00:55:26Some think it is a reaction

00:55:28of underground gases released

00:55:30in the atmosphere.

00:55:32Now, an earthquake begins to occur

00:55:34but, fortunately for you,

00:55:36it is not as strong as you expected.

00:55:38The ground shakes but you still manage

00:55:40to keep your balance.

00:55:42The tremor stops as abruptly as it started

00:55:44and you go home on foot.

00:55:46On the way back, you see a flash

00:55:48and hear a crackling of a whip.

00:55:50The lightning struck an isolated tree

00:55:52near where you were.

00:55:54The tree caught fire and

00:55:56a column of flames rises to the sky.

00:55:58Still no rain

00:56:00and the column rises higher and higher.

00:56:02Have you heard of a phenomenon

00:56:04called fire tornado?

00:56:06It occurs when the wind is caught

00:56:08in a circle near the ground

00:56:10because of the air pressure difference.

00:56:12These mini-tornadoes are generally

00:56:14easy to notice.

00:56:16Small gravel, dust, sand

00:56:18and leaves rise in the air

00:56:20and start flying in a fast circle.

00:56:22If a source of fire is nearby,

00:56:24the black smoke can suck it

00:56:26and shake it like a whistle.

00:56:28The flames roll up,

00:56:30rise higher and higher

00:56:32and end up creating a flaming tower.

00:56:34Fortunately,

00:56:36fire tornadoes have a very short life

00:56:38and generally do not cause

00:56:40much damage.

00:56:42Don't try to hide from the storm

00:56:44under this tree.

00:56:46You can find this unusual plant

00:56:48in Florida and in some parts

00:56:50of the Caribbean coast.

00:56:52Externally, it does not seem

00:56:54particularly special.

00:56:56A gray trunk, green leaves

00:56:58and fruits similar to small apples.

00:57:00What you have to remember

00:57:02is to never pick these apples

00:57:04and never stay next to the tree,

00:57:06especially if it rains.

00:57:08Its trunk, its bark,

00:57:10its branches and its fruits

00:57:12contain a toxic juice.

00:57:14A single drop of this corrosive liquid

00:57:16can damage your skin.

00:57:18The tree can secrete this juice

00:57:20and if you accidentally touch it,

00:57:22you risk burning your hand.

00:57:24When it rains,

00:57:26drops of water fall on the tree

00:57:28and mix with the poison.

00:57:30The water can also bounce on the bark

00:57:32and end up on your skin.

00:57:34That's why you shouldn't stay close either.

00:57:36There are almost no other shrubs

00:57:38or mushrooms growing nearby.

00:57:40Animals avoid these trees

00:57:42and people don't cut them

00:57:44and don't pick their fruits.

00:57:46You can't make a fire with these branches either.

00:57:48The burning wood releases a toxic smoke

00:57:50that can damage the eyes.

00:57:52Locals know this tree well,

00:57:54but tourists and travelers

00:57:56can get hurt accidentally.

00:57:58That's why most of the mentions

00:58:00are painted or have a warning sign.

00:58:02In the west of Venezuela,

00:58:04people who live near the Catatumbo river

00:58:06are probably not afraid of lightning

00:58:08because they see them almost every night.

00:58:10This phenomenon

00:58:12starts around 7 p.m.

00:58:14and continues until dawn.

00:58:16The eternal storm of Catatumbo

00:58:18stopped only once

00:58:20for a few months,

00:58:22from January to March 2010.

00:58:24It was probably due to drought

00:58:26or maybe the charge ran out.

00:58:28In 1991, a scientist suggested

00:58:30that the phenomenon occurred

00:58:32because of cold and hot air currents

00:58:34in the region.

00:58:36According to another theory,

00:58:38lightning could be due to the presence

00:58:40of uranium in the sea rock.

00:58:42Not all lightnings occur

00:58:44inside clouds.

00:58:46There is a rare phenomenon

00:58:48called volcanic storm.

00:58:50Lightning occurs above a volcano,

00:58:52the most famous of which is in Japan.

00:58:54It erupts almost every day

00:58:56and spits out black clouds

00:58:58very high in the air.

00:59:00Ordinary lightning occurs

00:59:02during a storm

00:59:04when ice crystals collide

00:59:06with each other.

00:59:08During a volcanic storm,

00:59:10ashes collide, creating friction

00:59:12and sparks that illuminate the sky.

00:59:14In the hottest and driest place

00:59:16on Earth, the Danakil Desert

00:59:18in East Africa,

00:59:20temperatures often exceed 50 ° C.

00:59:22This unusual landscape

00:59:24has many active volcanoes and geysers

00:59:26that spit out toxic gases

00:59:28such as chlorine and sulfur.

00:59:30The waters of a sparkling glass,

00:59:32an electric blue and a bright yellow

00:59:34are all rainwater and sea water

00:59:36heated by magma.

00:59:38A false step here can be fatal.

00:59:40The following phenomenon

00:59:42occurred in June 2009.

00:59:44Residents of certain regions of Japan

00:59:46left their homes after a heavy downpour

00:59:48to discover fish,

00:59:50frogs and tetras everywhere.

00:59:52The fields, roads,

00:59:54meadows and roofs

00:59:56were covered with aquatic creatures.

00:59:58A man was shocked to see 13 carps

01:00:00on and around his truck.

01:00:02Apparently, he stopped to count them.

01:00:04No one knows for sure

01:00:06where this strange rain came from.

01:00:08But the most popular theory

01:00:10claims that a powerful marine trombone

01:00:12picked up all these creatures.

01:00:14It then transported them into the high atmosphere

01:00:16and released the animals on the ground

01:00:18and on the populations without

01:00:20mistrust that were below.

01:00:22And now, welcome to Lake Abraham in Canada.

01:00:24It's completely frozen.

01:00:26You walk on the transparent ice

01:00:28and you look at what's underneath.

01:00:30No fish, just mysterious frozen bubbles.

01:00:32They look like small clouds

01:00:34frozen in the ice or like jellyfish

01:00:36who forgot to take their winter coats.

01:00:38There are thousands of these small bubbles

01:00:40which are actually composed of methane.

01:00:42But don't try to dig a hole in the ice

01:00:44to touch them.

01:00:46Methane is very flammable.

01:00:48It is created by bacteria

01:00:50that eat leaves, grass, insects

01:00:52and organic matter found in the lake.

01:00:54When methane touches

01:00:56frozen water, it turns into

01:00:58tens of thousands of small frozen bubbles.

01:01:00When the ice melts,

01:01:02they burst and crack.

01:01:04We find similar lakes

01:01:06near some shores of the Arctic Ocean.

01:01:08There, the size of the bubbles

01:01:10can reach several times the size of a sea bass.

01:01:12Magnificent,

01:01:14but not without danger.

01:01:16The following phenomenon

01:01:18occurs in Indonesia on Java Island.

01:01:20You arrive in front of a majestic volcano

01:01:22engulfed by grass and trees.

01:01:24The volcano seems asleep,

01:01:26but the smoke escapes.

01:01:28You climb to the top.

01:01:30Exhausted, tired, sweaty,

01:01:32you are ready to cool off.

01:01:34Bravo, you have managed to reach the top.

01:01:36You look into the mouth of the volcano.

01:01:38Hmm, no boiling lava,

01:01:40just a magnificent turquoise and luminous lake.

01:01:42It looks like an oasis.

01:01:44It is the ideal time

01:01:46for a refreshing swim.

01:01:48You run and prepare to jump.

01:01:50But it is not water,

01:01:52it is acid.

01:01:54Sulfuric gases infiltrate the lake

01:01:56from below the volcano.

01:01:58The lake itself is full of metals.

01:02:00When the gases touch them,

01:02:02they form this beautiful turquoise water,

01:02:04or rather this beautiful acid.

01:02:06It is better to return to the nearest village,

01:02:08rest and return in the evening

01:02:10when it is cooler.

01:02:12In the darkness, the lake seems to shine.

01:02:14Just above it,

01:02:16there is a small luminous cloud that explodes.

01:02:18Sulfuric gases come out of the lake,

01:02:20combine in the air

01:02:22and light up a bright blue.

01:02:24But do not get too close.

01:02:26The sea takes a sinister red hue

01:02:28and no living being

01:02:30can survive it.

01:02:32It must be black magic.

01:02:34In fact, these are tiny algae

01:02:36that spread uncontrollably

01:02:38and give to the water this specific hue

01:02:40called the red tide.

01:02:42They contain toxins that destroy

01:02:44humans, birds and turtles

01:02:46as well as creatures that feed on them.

01:02:48For humans, the contact is solved

01:02:50by respiratory problems or an intoxication.

01:02:52Sometimes,

01:02:54huge ships

01:02:56sink in the middle of the sea for no apparent reason.

01:02:58In reality,

01:03:00this is often due to the pockets of bubbles

01:03:02that underwater volcanoes produce

01:03:04even while they sleep.

01:03:06These magma plants are hidden

01:03:08under 2,600 meters of water.

01:03:10When they wake up,

01:03:12they can cause terrestrial disasters

01:03:14and destructive tsunamis.

01:03:16This tree looks like a bottle.

01:03:18No wonder it is called the bottle tree.

01:03:20It grows in Namibia

01:03:22and attracts many tourists.

01:03:24But do not get too close to it

01:03:26because it is one of the most dangerous on Earth.

01:03:28A milky juice flows inside the trunk.

01:03:30It is highly toxic for the human body.

01:03:32But the good thing

01:03:34is that these trees

01:03:36have beautiful pink and white leaves

01:03:38with a red heart.

01:03:40There is a tree that used to be used as a prison.

01:03:42A cell for criminals

01:03:44has long existed

01:03:46inside the Boab prison tree.

01:03:48People were generally kept there temporarily,

01:03:50just for one night.

01:03:52After that, they were taken to their final destination.

01:03:54The prison was built

01:03:56more than 1,500 years ago

01:03:58and has been perfectly preserved to this day.

01:04:00Tourists who visit this place

01:04:02can take a look inside.

01:04:06Hey, have you ever seen a fire rainbow?

01:04:08Yeah, me neither.

01:04:10And a circumhorizontal arc.

01:04:12I don't think so,

01:04:14but just so you know,

01:04:16it's the same thing.

01:04:18At first glance,

01:04:20it looks like a painting

01:04:22or a big rainbow in the sky.

01:04:24Despite their name,

01:04:26they have nothing in common

01:04:28with fire or rain.

01:04:30This phenomenon occurs on rare occasions

01:04:32when the sun shines

01:04:34through a certain formation of clouds

01:04:36that are just as unique.

01:04:38Here again, a specific type of ice crystal

01:04:40must be present in the clouds

01:04:42so that the Earth's surface

01:04:44curves the sun's light into a perfect ring.

01:04:46The same thing can happen

01:04:48with the moon's light.

01:04:50The only difference is that

01:04:52the lunar halos are generally white

01:04:54and the solar halos can be

01:04:56the color of the rainbow.

01:04:58When you visit high-altitude regions,

01:05:00you can be one of the few lucky ones

01:05:02to see snow penitents.

01:05:04These are actually

01:05:06natural ice peaks.

01:05:08To form them,

01:05:10you need a really cold environment

01:05:12where the air is dry.

01:05:14The sun's light

01:05:16directly transforms the ice into steam

01:05:18rather than melting it into water.

01:05:20That's why these snow and ice blades

01:05:22start to appear on the Earth's surface.

01:05:24As graceful as they may be,

01:05:26they can reach a height

01:05:28of nearly 5 meters.

01:05:30What happens when small droplets

01:05:32of lava meet the wind?

01:05:34Well, it's the hair of Pele.

01:05:36Let me explain.

01:05:38The word Pele comes from the ancient Hawaiian goddess

01:05:40of volcanoes.

01:05:42Every time the wind carries small drops of lava,

01:05:44it stretches them to form

01:05:46braids similar to hair,

01:05:48a bit like in the process of creating

01:05:50a glass thread.

01:05:52These delicate braids can stretch up to 2 meters.

01:05:54On rare occasions,

01:05:56it can rain without any clouds.

01:05:58But is it really rain?

01:06:00Let's examine the scientific aspects

01:06:02of this rare phenomenon.

01:06:04It is sometimes called a sunburst

01:06:06because it looks like the rain

01:06:08is falling straight from our star.

01:06:10But let's be clear,

01:06:12it is impossible for rain to fall directly from the sun.

01:06:14Rain clouds are located

01:06:16at a certain distance from where it rains.

01:06:18When the sun's rays are oriented

01:06:20in a certain way,

01:06:22the clouds are out of sight.

01:06:24Add a little wind to blow the rain in your direction

01:06:26and abracadabra!

01:06:28You get sunbursts in the sun.

01:06:30In Bolivia,

01:06:32there is a place called the Salar de Uyuni.

01:06:34It is the largest salt desert in the world,

01:06:36measuring about

01:06:3810,580 square kilometers.

01:06:40This is also where

01:06:42half of the planet's lithium is located,

01:06:44a crucial element in the

01:06:46manufacture of batteries.

01:06:48But what else is so special about this place?

01:06:50Every time the rainy season arrives,

01:06:52it transforms this flat earth

01:06:54into a perfectly reflective mirror lake.

01:06:56What comes to mind

01:06:58when you hear about a blood cascade?

01:07:00A horror movie?

01:07:02Well,

01:07:04it is simply a series of waterfalls

01:07:06located in one of the driest regions

01:07:08of Antarctica.

01:07:10They emerge from an underground lake

01:07:12filled with a certain type of bacteria.

01:07:14These small organisms use sulfates

01:07:16as nutrients instead of sugar,

01:07:18which makes them fascinating for scientists.

01:07:20The water contained in this lake

01:07:22is so saturated with iron

01:07:24that it simply rusts

01:07:26in contact with the air,

01:07:28hence the reddish color of the waterfall,

01:07:30which is worth its name.

01:07:32Ok, we all know the song

01:07:34Rose of the Desert by Sting,

01:07:36but it is not totally imaginary.

01:07:38There is indeed a thing called

01:07:40the rose of the sands.

01:07:42It is not a plant,

01:07:44but a unique formation of gypsum.

01:07:46It develops in dry and sandy places

01:07:48that can occasionally be flooded.

01:07:50This constant passage between a wet and dry environment

01:07:52allows the gypsum to emerge

01:07:54between the grains of sand,

01:07:56imprisoning them in a form of rose.

01:07:58Have you ever heard of the eye of Africa?

01:08:00Scientists always try to understand

01:08:02how it was formed.

01:08:04You can only see it if you fly over it,

01:08:06but it is actually a natural dome.

01:08:08The structure of Richat

01:08:10was formed about 100 million years ago.

01:08:12And no, I was not there at the time.

01:08:14It has an approximate diameter

01:08:16of 40 km

01:08:18and consists of several concentric rings.

01:08:20The large one, or the central zone,

01:08:22measures about 30 km in diameter.

01:08:24Astronauts were among the first

01:08:26to notice it,

01:08:28and it has been studied extensively since.

01:08:30Even today,

01:08:32when astronauts land in Florida,

01:08:34they know they are almost home

01:08:36when they see the eye of Africa.

01:08:38One of the most beautifully colored

01:08:40trees in the world is found

01:08:42in the Philippines and Indonesia.

01:08:44It is called the rainbow eucalyptus.

01:08:46It owes its name to its bark,

01:08:48which changes color and detaches

01:08:50as the tree ages.

01:08:52The greenish bark is the youngest

01:08:54because it is full of chlorophyll,

01:08:56which is usually found in the leaves.

01:08:58It then turns purple

01:09:00and then red.

01:09:02Finally, it turns brown as it grows

01:09:04and loses its chlorophyll.

01:09:06Don't get the illusion

01:09:08that there is an entire forest here.

01:09:10It is actually a single tree.

01:09:12And no, it is not a kind of optical illusion either.

01:09:14Let me explain.

01:09:16Under the Earth,

01:09:18there is a complex network of roots

01:09:20that connects about 47,000 tree forms

01:09:22that emerge from the ground.

01:09:24It is called the faux-tremble poplar.

01:09:26Some of these trees are part

01:09:28of the oldest and largest organisms

01:09:30in the world.

01:09:32This is a good destination for all travelers.

01:09:34Well, maybe not as good as that, actually.

01:09:36The area most frequently affected

01:09:38by lightning in the world,

01:09:40according to recent data published by NASA,

01:09:42is Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela.

01:09:44On average,

01:09:46every day of the year,

01:09:48300 thunderstorms occur here.

01:09:50But what makes this region so unique

01:09:52that thunderstorms occur so often?

01:09:54Well, it is because it is here

01:09:56that the cool air of the mountains

01:09:58meets the hot and humid breeze of the lake,

01:10:00which generates electricity

01:10:02above it.

01:10:04The eternal flame falls

01:10:06in the north of the state of New York,

01:10:08near the Canadian border.

01:10:10In this region,

01:10:12there is a great secret,

01:10:14a fireball about 20 cm high.

01:10:16It turns out that

01:10:18a natural gas leak

01:10:20feeds the flame behind this waterfall.

01:10:22The waterfall, on the other hand,

01:10:24provides enough cover

01:10:26for it to remain on almost all the time.

01:10:28Hikers like to turn it back on

01:10:30if they see that it has gone out.

01:10:32This phenomenon is quite common,

01:10:34but this example has gained popularity

01:10:36because it is more recent than most.

01:10:38And it is very beautiful in the photos,

01:10:40I heard about yellow sand,

01:10:42white sand,

01:10:44and even black sand here and there,

01:10:46but I had never heard of green beach

01:10:48until now.

01:10:50Papakohela, also known

01:10:52as Greensand Beach,

01:10:54is located in Hawaii

01:10:56and is one of the rare beaches in the world

01:10:58to present green sand.

01:11:00This unique color comes from the olive rock

01:11:02that formed during the eruption

01:11:04of a neighboring volcano.

01:11:06And to be honest, in Hawaii,

01:11:08forget about the green sand,

01:11:10because some other beaches in the world

01:11:12can even shine at night,

01:11:14and it is completely natural.

01:11:16The responsible for this is a small thing

01:11:18called phytoplankton,

01:11:20or microalgae, as they are sometimes called.

01:11:22These are actually small plants

01:11:24that contain chlorophyll

01:11:26and need sunlight to live and develop.

01:11:28Most types of phytoplankton

01:11:30are capable of floating in the upper part

01:11:32of the ocean,

01:11:34where sunlight can still reach them underwater.

01:11:36Because phytoplankton is agitated

01:11:38by the movement of waves and currents,

01:11:40it emits light,

01:11:42which gives the impression

01:11:44that some shine during the night.

01:11:46These particular microorganisms

01:11:48can be found on the beaches

01:11:50of many places in the world,

01:11:52such as the Maldives,

01:11:54Puerto Rico and the Everglades.

01:11:56At the foot of a mountain

01:11:58located near Afton,

01:12:00in Wyoming,

01:12:02is a small river

01:12:04that produces something mysterious.

01:12:06Maybe the fact that it starts and stops

01:12:08every few minutes.

01:12:10Scientists have not yet found

01:12:12the precise reason for this phenomenon.

01:12:14They think it is simply a siphon effect

01:12:16that occurs in the depths of the ground

01:12:18and that makes the river

01:12:20start and stop frequently.

01:12:22If you want to take a look at it,

01:12:24make sure to do it at the end of summer,

01:12:26because it is at this time

01:12:28that the intermittent source is the most active.

01:12:30Well, for once,

01:12:32you walk through a hot summer afternoon.

01:12:34The grass is green,

01:12:36the sun is high in the sky

01:12:38and suddenly you feel like you're sinking.

01:12:40You start to panic,

01:12:42but you get up right away.

01:12:44You test your support

01:12:46and jump slightly.

01:12:48The grass bounces under your feet

01:12:50like a trampoline.

01:12:52This phenomenon is caused

01:12:54by the liquefaction of the ground.

01:12:56Excess water from heavy rain

01:12:58or flooding is trapped in the ground,

01:13:00and although it can be tempting

01:13:02to run and bounce on this elastic grass,

01:13:04it is better to be careful.

01:13:06The grass can potentially open

01:13:08and if someone falls through,

01:13:10it will be very difficult for them to get out.

01:13:12An erupting volcano

01:13:14is already quite a terrifying spectacle,

01:13:16with its black smoke clouds

01:13:18and its hot lava that flows.

01:13:20But what is even more terrifying

01:13:22is that it can produce lightning.

01:13:24Volcanic lightning is quite difficult to study,

01:13:26so scientists do not know

01:13:28what causes it exactly.

01:13:30A common theory is that during an eruption,

01:13:32ash accumulates so much friction

01:13:34that it creates a static accumulation of electricity

01:13:36that triggers volcanic lightning.

01:13:38A fire tornado

01:13:40is exactly what its name suggests.

01:13:42It occurs when the wind

01:13:44on the ground picks up the flames

01:13:46and turns the embers

01:13:48into a whirling force.

01:13:50These columns of tornadoes

01:13:52can reach a height of 300 meters,

01:13:54but fortunately they only last a few minutes.

01:13:56Fire tornadoes are quite rare,

01:13:58but they can be extremely dangerous.

01:14:00In Tokyo in 1923,

01:14:02a large fire in the whole city

01:14:04produced a gigantic fire tornado.

01:14:06It lasted 15 minutes

01:14:08and devastated the city,

01:14:10causing significant damage

01:14:12and injuring 38,000 people.

01:14:14On a cold winter night without clouds,

01:14:16you may have been lucky

01:14:18to be a witness to colorful beams

01:14:20of blue and orange light rising to the sky.

01:14:22These are called luminous pillars.

01:14:24They occur when the light

01:14:26is reflected by tiny ice crystals

01:14:28floating in the atmosphere.

01:14:30These pillars are more common

01:14:32in cold and northern countries

01:14:34like Canada or Russia.

01:14:36We have all seen the colorful rainbows

01:14:38produced by the sun,

01:14:40but it is much rarer to see a rainbow

01:14:42illuminate the night sky produced by the moon.

01:14:44This is called a lunar rainbow.

01:14:46It is bright and colorful

01:14:48like a rainbow

01:14:50and occurs when the moon's light

01:14:52is reflected on droplets of water in the sky.

01:14:54Lunar rainbows are incredibly rare

01:14:56and can only occur

01:14:58in specific conditions.

01:15:00The moon must be low,

01:15:02the sky must be dark,

01:15:04and the rain must fall directly

01:15:06opposite the moon

01:15:08to create a lunar rainbow.

01:15:10If you walk in the moonlight

01:15:12on the beach at night,

01:15:14you may come across the strange phenomenon

01:15:16of a bioluminescent beach.

01:15:18This occurs when a microorganism

01:15:20is agitated by the movement of the waves

01:15:22and emits a bright blue color.

01:15:24These microorganisms tend to live

01:15:26in warmer waters,

01:15:28so you will find these luminescent beaches

01:15:30in places like the Maldives,

01:15:32Puerto Rico or Florida.

01:15:34In Antarctica, you may see the famous

01:15:36blood drops.

01:15:38Red blood-colored water

01:15:40spills from the Thaler Glacier

01:15:42from an underground lake.

01:15:44Scientists originally thought

01:15:46that this amazing color was caused

01:15:48by the luminescence of plankton.

01:15:50But after several studies,

01:15:52we discovered that the water contained

01:15:54abnormally high levels of iron

01:15:56that oxidize and turn into rust

01:15:58the second they come in contact with the air.

01:16:00In cold climates,

01:16:02where lakes are frozen all year long,

01:16:04if you look closely under icy water,

01:16:06you will notice frozen bubbles

01:16:08trapped in the ice.

01:16:10These are small pockets of gaseous methane.

01:16:12Bacteria in the water feed on other organisms

01:16:14and digest them to produce methane.

01:16:16Methane turns into bubbles

01:16:18floating in frozen water

01:16:20trapped under the layers of ice.

01:16:22Asperitas clouds are one of the rarest

01:16:24events in nature.

01:16:26This cloud formation is composed

01:16:28of incredibly dark and storm-like

01:16:30waves of clouds.

01:16:32Although these clouds look like bad omens

01:16:34and foretell a big storm,

01:16:36they usually dissipate without affecting the weather.

01:16:38These clouds appear most often

01:16:40in the Great Plains of the United States,

01:16:42but have not been observed since 2009.

01:16:44Although known for its harsh climate,

01:16:46the desert can produce

01:16:48magnificent things like sand roses.

01:16:50This is a complex formation

01:16:52in the shape of a rose

01:16:54made up of a cluster of crystals.

01:16:56The intense alternation of dry and humid conditions

01:16:58forms the crystals

01:17:00and traps the grains of sand inside

01:17:02to give them this characteristic color.

01:17:04From afar, you could easily confuse

01:17:06a marine storm with a big tornado

01:17:08that moves above a water level.

01:17:10In reality,

01:17:12marine storms are a type of cloud

01:17:14in the shape of a funnel.

01:17:16They are rotating columns of wind

01:17:18filled with clouds that often take

01:17:20a dark color.

01:17:22Storms are much weaker

01:17:24and smaller than tornadoes,

01:17:26and they are not strong enough

01:17:28to absorb anything.

01:17:30This phenomenon usually occurs

01:17:32in tropical climates,

01:17:34and it usually dissipates before

01:17:36reaching the Earth.

01:17:38Lenticular clouds are flat clouds

01:17:40that usually form at high altitudes

01:17:42where geographical characteristics

01:17:44such as mountains or large buildings

01:17:46interrupt the air flow.

01:17:48Because of their unique shape,

01:17:50lenticular clouds have been mentioned

01:17:52to explain some observations.

01:17:54As our climate changes,

01:17:56new natural phenomena appear.

01:17:58One of them is the explosion

01:18:00of the permafrost.

01:18:02The increase in temperature in the Arctic

01:18:04causes the permafrost to melt.

01:18:06Just like in frozen lakes,

01:18:08lakes are trapped in the permafrost.

01:18:10When the permafrost begins to melt,

01:18:12the gas is released.

01:18:14This causes large explosions in the ground

01:18:16that leave behind massive holes.

01:18:18The first case of this kind

01:18:20was reported in 2013,

01:18:22and several others have been reported since.

01:18:24When you think of icebergs,

01:18:26you usually think of a large piece

01:18:28of white, immaculate ice.

01:18:30But in the Antarctic,

01:18:32you can find icebergs with green,

01:18:34blue, yellow, and more colors.

01:18:36The different colors are due to the fact

01:18:38that the ice is formed in special conditions.

01:18:40Green usually appears

01:18:42when the water, rich in algae, freezes.

01:18:44Blue stripes are most often

01:18:46of the freshly frozen water.

01:18:48The other colors are usually caused

01:18:50by debris sediments collected by the water

01:18:52when it freezes.

01:18:54Clouds are one of the rarest

01:18:56clouds on the planet.

01:18:58They usually occur at high altitudes

01:19:00and are only visible in the 2 hours

01:19:02after sunset.

01:19:04Clouds have different colors

01:19:06and have bright flashes.

01:19:08But don't be fooled.

01:19:10These clouds are actually quite dangerous.

01:19:12Clouds are incredibly destructive

01:19:14to our atmosphere.

01:19:16Their presence encourages the chemical reactions

01:19:18that break down our ozone layer.

01:19:20However, the latter is an essential shield

01:19:22that protects us from harmful sun rays.

01:19:24The poorer it is,

01:19:26the more we are threatened

01:19:28by global warming.

01:19:30The last place you expect to find a natural fire

01:19:32is in the middle of a waterfall.

01:19:34But it's more common than you think.

01:19:36In the north of New York,

01:19:38in the middle of a small waterfall,

01:19:40there is an eternal flame

01:19:42about 20 cm high.

01:19:44Under the waterfall,

01:19:46there is a natural gas leak,

01:19:48a low-pressure gas

01:19:50that escapes from the subsurface

01:19:52to the earth's atmosphere.

01:19:54The small fire is sufficiently sheltered

01:19:56by the rocks of the waterfalls

01:19:58to remain permanently lit.

01:20:00But in Hawaii and on other volcanic islands

01:20:02around the world,

01:20:04you will find beaches covered in dark green sand.

01:20:06This remarkable color

01:20:08is due to the erosion of olivine,

01:20:10a type of rock formed by volcanic eruptions

01:20:12nearby.

01:20:14Over the years, the rock slowly crumbles

01:20:16to turn into sand

01:20:18and dries on the shore,

01:20:20giving these beaches strange colors.

01:20:22The penitents are peaks of ice

01:20:24formed at high altitudes.

01:20:26They occur when the sun's rays

01:20:28directly melt the ice,

01:20:30turning it into water vapor

01:20:32instead of melting it.

01:20:34The sun's rays vaporize small crevices

01:20:36on the surface of the snow,

01:20:38giving rise to pointy formations

01:20:40resembling crystals.

01:20:42The peaks can reach a height of 4.5 m.

01:20:44The mammatus clouds

01:20:46are among the most unusual

01:20:48and distinctive formations of clouds.

01:20:50They can extend for hundreds of kilometers

01:20:52and give the impression that the sky

01:20:54has been covered with cotton balls.

01:20:56Clouds are dense,

01:20:58but they often mean that a dangerous storm is coming.

01:21:00So if you see them,

01:21:02be on the lookout.

01:21:04A green ray is a rare phenomenon

01:21:06that occurs briefly at sunset

01:21:08or sunrise,

01:21:10when it is almost entirely out of the sky.

01:21:12In good weather,

01:21:14spectators can witness a distinct green flash

01:21:16making the sun appear in bright green.

01:21:18This phenomenon is due to the reflection

01:21:20of sunlight on the Earth's atmosphere,

01:21:22which refracts the light in different colors.

01:21:24The sun may seem green,

01:21:26but in reality,

01:21:28it is only an optical illusion.

01:21:30In Russia, on the shores of the Baltic Sea,

01:21:32there is an enigmatic national park.

01:21:34The Enchanted Forest

01:21:36is a place that no scientist

01:21:38has managed to explain so far.

01:21:40The pine trees are all curved,

01:21:42twisted in a loop and in a spiral.

01:21:44This forest has only existed

01:21:46since the early 1960s,

01:21:48when trees were planted

01:21:50to make the sand of the dunes

01:21:52According to one theory,

01:21:54it is the lack of stability of the soil

01:21:56that would have caused the deformation of the pine trees.

01:21:58Other theories put these twisted trees

01:22:00on the account of the power of the winds

01:22:02or even of supernatural forces.

01:22:04According to some,

01:22:06positive and negative energies

01:22:08would converge in the forest,

01:22:10causing these strange shapes.

01:22:12A local legend says that by passing

01:22:14through the circle of a tree,

01:22:16you add a year to your life

01:22:18or that you can make a wish.

01:22:20The Enchanted Forest is located

01:22:22in the region of Piedmont, Italy.

01:22:24If you travel, you will see a cherry tree

01:22:26that has grown to the top of a wall.

01:22:28And the strangest thing is that

01:22:30both trees are in perfect health.

01:22:32A permanent storm is raging

01:22:34in the north pole of Saturn

01:22:36and its shape is very strange.

01:22:38It is hexagonal.

01:22:40This is probably due to the gradient of the winds.

01:22:42The total length of this cloud configuration

01:22:44is 14,500 km,

01:22:46which represents about 1,900 km more

01:22:48It's been years since we've seen this hexagon,

01:22:50but the most mysterious thing

01:22:52is that it changes color.

01:22:54It used to be turquoise

01:22:56and has recently taken a golden hue.

01:22:58The reason for this change in color

01:23:00is that the pole is progressively exposed

01:23:02to sunlight as the seasons change.

01:23:04Rain is not uncommon in Oakville,

01:23:06in the state of Washington,

01:23:08but the one that fell one day

01:23:10in the form of a cluster of frost

01:23:12is still to this day without a precise explanation.

01:23:14We witnessed this strange rain

01:23:16on an area of about 58 km2.

01:23:18Those who approached it

01:23:20later felt symptoms

01:23:22similar to those of the flu.

01:23:24So what were these clusters?

01:23:26Scientists claimed

01:23:28they contained human white blood cells.

01:23:30Subsequent tests, however,

01:23:32denied the presence of nucleus

01:23:34characteristic of lococytes.

01:23:36Some then said

01:23:38it could be evaporated jellyfish

01:23:40or even waste from a airline.

01:23:42Sliding stones, also called moving stones,

01:23:44travel alone in the National Park

01:23:46of the Valley of Death in California,

01:23:48leaving long tracks in the earth

01:23:50and sand on their way.

01:23:52Several accelerated sequences

01:23:54have been carried out to test

01:23:56the strange phenomenon.

01:23:58Scientists have even installed

01:24:00GPS navigators on certain stones

01:24:02to demonstrate their considerable speed.

01:24:04According to several researchers,

01:24:06these movements are due to thin layers of ice

01:24:08that form during the night in the valley

01:24:10and make the stones slide

01:24:12during the day.

01:24:14But maybe someone is just listening

01:24:16to the Rolling Stones in the corner.

01:24:18No, probably not.

01:24:20The crater of Batagaika in Siberia

01:24:22looks like the entrance to hell.

01:24:24It is about 1 km long

01:24:26and more than 86 m deep.

01:24:28But it keeps growing.

01:24:30The deeper it gets,

01:24:32the more it exposes its underground layers.

01:24:34These strata tell us what our planet

01:24:36looked like thousands of years ago.

01:24:38And the depressions tell us

01:24:40The crater appeared in the 1960s

01:24:42as a result of a rapid deforestation.

01:24:44Trees no longer cast shadows

01:24:46on the ground, and the heat increased.

01:24:48The melt of the permafrost

01:24:50then led to the formation of the crater.

01:24:52The collapse of Taos in New Mexico

01:24:54has been driving the inhabitants

01:24:56of this city crazy

01:24:58since the 1990s.

01:25:02This low-frequency noise

01:25:04deprives people of sleep and exhaustion.

01:25:06Scientists have tried to find

01:25:08the source of this rumbling in wine

01:25:10until now.

01:25:12Various rumblings have also been heard

01:25:14in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada

01:25:16and in other regions of the United States.

01:25:18Fortunately, only 2% of the world's population

01:25:20is able to hear them.

01:25:22Their cause is attributed

01:25:24to mechanical devices,

01:25:26to various disturbances in the auditory system

01:25:28and even to certain animals.

01:25:30The rumbling of West Seattle, for example,

01:25:32was attributed to toadfish.

01:25:34The circle of fairies, also called

01:25:36circle of witches or

01:25:38annular mycelium, is a mysterious

01:25:40circular formation of mushrooms

01:25:42that appears in meadows and forest areas.

01:25:44The reasons why these mushrooms

01:25:46align in this way are the subject

01:25:48of many debates.

01:25:50According to some superstitions,

01:25:52the fairies, by dancing, would burn the soil,

01:25:54which would cause a rapid growth

01:25:56of the mushrooms.

01:25:58In Costa Rica, a set of about

01:26:00300 megalithic spheres was discovered.

01:26:02The inhabitants call them

01:26:04spheres, which simply means

01:26:06balls in French.

01:26:08These stones are almost perfectly round.

01:26:10Some of them are huge, weighing up to 16 tons.

01:26:12In addition, they are made of

01:26:14different materials, gabbro,

01:26:16limestone and grey.

01:26:18They were once placed just in front of

01:26:20the chiefs' residence, but their origin

01:26:22is still unknown.

01:26:24Some claim that these stones

01:26:26are native to the Atlantic.

01:26:28If you go to see the Mekong at the end of October,

01:26:30you will have the chance to see

01:26:32the ball of fire

01:26:34emerge from the water

01:26:36and rise in the air.

01:26:38The inhabitants of the region

01:26:40call these balls fireballs.

01:26:42The size of these fireballs

01:26:44can be as small as a spark

01:26:46and as big as a basketball.

01:26:48There can be tens or even thousands

01:26:50of balls every night.

01:26:52Scientists have no precise explanation

01:26:54for this phenomenon,

01:26:56but it could be due to the flammable gas

01:26:58released by the swamps.

01:27:00It could also be due to a giant snake

01:27:02that lives in the river.

01:27:04In Minnesota, on the northern shore

01:27:06of Superior Lake, there is a park

01:27:08known for sheltering the Devil's Kettle.

01:27:10It is a waterfall

01:27:12that splits in two.

01:27:14One part of the river continues,

01:27:16while the other part disappears

01:27:18into a hole in the ground.

01:27:20If you throw an object into the Devil's Kettle,

01:27:22it will not reappear.

01:27:24Scientists still do not know

01:27:26where the water that falls into the hole goes.

01:27:28The Devil's Kettle is dangerous

01:27:30because it is almost impossible

01:27:32to trace its course.

01:27:34Yes, not the best place

01:27:36to do tubbing.

01:27:38The Grunion are fish

01:27:40known for their strange mating rituals.

01:27:42The females come out of the water

01:27:44and climb on the shore.

01:27:46They sink their tails into the sand

01:27:48to lay eggs.

01:27:50After fertilization by the males,

01:27:52the eggs remain hidden in the sand.

01:27:54The high tide arrives

01:27:56and the eggs hatch.

01:27:58The inhabitants of the countryside

01:28:00in central Norway,

01:28:02above the valley of Esdalen,

01:28:04can often see white, yellow and red

01:28:06floating lights crossing the sky.

01:28:08These lights appear day and night

01:28:10and in the 1980s

01:28:12they were even seen

01:28:14between 15 and 20 times

01:28:16in a single week.

01:28:18Esdalen lights can last a few seconds

01:28:20and sometimes more than an hour.

01:28:22The lights move, seem to float

01:28:24in the water.

01:28:26Others say that the phenomenon

01:28:28is due to a combustion of sodium,

01:28:30oxygen and hydrogen.

01:28:32But most people think

01:28:34it's just a plane.

01:28:36Yellowstone Park has a famous boiling lake

01:28:38but it is not the only place

01:28:40where the water is naturally boiling.

01:28:42At the bottom of the Amazon

01:28:44is the Chanay-Timpishka River,

01:28:466.5 km long and hot all the time.

01:28:48Its name means

01:28:50boiled by the sun.

01:28:52In fact, it is not really boiling

01:28:54but it can reach 91 ° C,

01:28:56enough to cook pasta.

01:28:58Shall we try?

01:29:00The lowest temperature

01:29:02is about 45 ° C.

01:29:04This phenomenon is inexplicable

01:29:06since the river would have to be

01:29:08near a volcano

01:29:10for the water to reach such a temperature.

01:29:12However, the closest volcano

01:29:14is 640 km away.

01:29:16Another possibility,

01:29:18an underground fault.

01:29:20People who live near the Katatumbo river

01:29:22are not afraid of the fault

01:29:24because they see it almost every night.

01:29:26It starts around 7 p.m.

01:29:28and does not stop before dawn.

01:29:30The eternal fault of the Katatumbo

01:29:32stopped once for a few months,

01:29:34from January to March 2010.

01:29:36It was probably due to drought

01:29:38or maybe there was no more electricity.

01:29:40In 1991,

01:29:42a scientist suggested

01:29:44that the phenomenon occurred

01:29:46due to the meeting of cold and hot air currents

01:29:48in the region.

01:29:50According to another theory,

01:29:52the fault could be due to the presence of uranium

01:29:54in the rocky substrate.

01:29:56Speaking of lightning,

01:29:58I have to go, bye!

01:30:00The Baltic Sea Anomaly

01:30:02In 2011, a diving team

01:30:04went all the way down

01:30:06from the Baltic Sea to the north.

01:30:08They went treasure hunting

01:30:10but they discovered a rather strange object.

01:30:12They took pictures

01:30:14that they then shared

01:30:16with the crew

01:30:18of an unknown spaceship.

01:30:20Others thought

01:30:22that a natural phenomenon

01:30:24had formed this object.

01:30:26But the metals inside the structure

01:30:28could not have been formed naturally.

01:30:30Today, some scientists think

01:30:32that it is an object

01:30:34dating from the Ice Age.

01:30:36Maybe even a meteorite

01:30:38that found itself caught in the ice

01:30:40at that time.

01:30:42A maelstrom is a whirlwind,

01:30:44which creates a circular vortex.

01:30:46Even the intrepid Vikings

01:30:48were afraid of maelstroms.

01:30:50Their power was such

01:30:52that they could make very large ships sink.

01:30:54These whirlwinds

01:30:56are still dangerous today.

01:30:58But fortunately,

01:31:00the great modern ships

01:31:02are no longer afraid of anything.

01:31:04They are now able to resist this power.

01:31:06However, a shipwreck

01:31:08that crosses the path of a maelstrom

01:31:10will generally be exposed

01:31:12to a massive wave

01:31:14that will be violently shaken.

01:31:16The strength of some maelstroms

01:31:18is so formidable

01:31:20that they are sometimes compared

01:31:22to black holes.

01:31:24And no, black holes

01:31:26do not belong only

01:31:28to the interstellar space.

01:31:30They are found here,

01:31:32on our planet,

01:31:34in the form of oceanic whirlwinds.

01:31:36What brings them closer

01:31:38to these celestial monsters

01:31:40is their diameter.

01:31:42If you were caught in one of them,

01:31:44you would probably not even realize it.

01:31:46Their influence extends far beyond

01:31:48what can be detected.

01:31:50Because of their size,

01:31:52they even escape the most modern equipment.

01:31:54Here is something more relaxing.

01:31:56The next time you go to the beach,

01:31:58open your eyes wide

01:32:00and you may see this optical phenomenon

01:32:02called the green flash.

01:32:04You can see it a little after sunset

01:32:06or just before sunrise.

01:32:08It means that the sun is almost

01:32:10completely under the horizon

01:32:12but its upper edge is still visible.

01:32:14For one or two seconds,

01:32:16the solar crown will seem green to you.

01:32:18Because in reality,

01:32:20you will observe the sun

01:32:22through the thickest parts

01:32:24of the atmosphere,

01:32:26at the very bottom of the sky.

01:32:28As it descends under the horizon,

01:32:30its light refracts into the atmosphere

01:32:32or curves and disperses.

01:32:34Choose a clear day,

01:32:36close to the horizon

01:32:38and you will see this phenomenon.

01:32:40You were impatient to swim

01:32:42but when you get to the beach,

01:32:44you see that the ocean is red.

01:32:46It is better to avoid swimming.

01:32:48Florida is famous for its red tides.

01:32:50This occurs when the concentration

01:32:52of the Karenia brevis algae

01:32:54is higher than normal.

01:32:56Most of the algae in the sea,

01:32:58rivers and lakes

01:33:00are safe for animals and humans.

01:33:02They even help us.

01:33:04The Karenia brevis algae

01:33:06is a great source of oxygen.

01:33:08But some of them,

01:33:10like the one that gives

01:33:12this red tint to the ocean,

01:33:14can be extremely dangerous

01:33:16for aquatic fauna,

01:33:18sea turtles,

01:33:20fish and marine birds.

01:33:22This type of algae

01:33:24can develop uncontrollably

01:33:26and produce very harmful

01:33:28neurotoxins for humans,

01:33:30especially for those

01:33:32who live on land.

01:33:34Volcanoes can emit toxic gases,

01:33:36ashes and a reddish lava.

01:33:38These dangers have been well known

01:33:40to humans for centuries.

01:33:42But underwater volcanoes

01:33:44can also be dangerous.

01:33:46Sometimes those located

01:33:48in shallow waters

01:33:50reveal their presence

01:33:52by projecting rock debris

01:33:54and steam very high above the surface.

01:33:56Because of the presence of water,

01:33:58their effects will be different

01:34:00When they erupt,

01:34:02seawater can penetrate

01:34:04their events.

01:34:06The lava can spread

01:34:08on the ocean floor,

01:34:10sometimes even spilling

01:34:12from terrestrial volcanoes.

01:34:14When it enters the water,

01:34:16it cools down so quickly

01:34:18that it can become

01:34:20a gravel of sand.

01:34:22Volcanic debris is found

01:34:24in large quantities in these areas.

01:34:26Have you ever seen

01:34:28lava and powerful eruptions

01:34:30represent an obvious danger?

01:34:32But underwater volcanoes,

01:34:34in deep waters, are just as dangerous.

01:34:36Even when they do not erupt,

01:34:38they produce air pockets.

01:34:40These bubbles reduce

01:34:42the density of the surrounding waters,

01:34:44which can even cause shipwrecks.

01:34:46The worst part is that

01:34:48when you look at the surface of the ocean,

01:34:50you will not know that a danger awaits you.

01:34:52You will not see these air pockets

01:34:54that can unbalance

01:34:56a very large ship.

01:34:58And without warning.

01:35:00Cross-sea is a rare phenomenon,

01:35:02beautiful to observe,

01:35:04but also very dangerous.

01:35:06It is when you see square waves.

01:35:08They are quite common

01:35:10in the shallow areas of the ocean.

01:35:12You can observe this phenomenon

01:35:14near the island of Ré

01:35:16or from the beaches of Tel Aviv,

01:35:18but also in many other areas

01:35:20around the world.

01:35:22This occurs when two waves

01:35:24from two different directions

01:35:26come together.

01:35:28They then form a pattern.

01:35:30This usually happens

01:35:32after the passage of an atmospheric front.

01:35:34And this state of the sea

01:35:36is structured in a large amount

01:35:38of directional flows.

01:35:40These waves can be dangerous

01:35:42for swimmers and amateurs.

01:35:44The waves produced by

01:35:46strong ocean currents

01:35:48can be unpredictable

01:35:50and measured up to 3 meters high.

01:35:52These waves can make

01:35:54large boats sink.

01:35:56If you fill a glass

01:35:58with seawater

01:36:00and look closely,

01:36:02you will see very small particles.

01:36:04Seawater contains

01:36:06dissolved salts, fats,

01:36:08algae, proteins,

01:36:10and other debris of artificial

01:36:12and organic matter.

01:36:14If you shake the glass,

01:36:16tiny bubbles will appear

01:36:18on the surface.

01:36:20This happens when waves

01:36:22and winds shake the ocean.

01:36:24When seawater is thick,

01:36:26it can be due to a large

01:36:28concentration of algae.

01:36:30When the algae disintegrate

01:36:32in the sea,

01:36:34their matter often drifts

01:36:36to the shores.

01:36:38In general, seawater

01:36:40is not dangerous for humans.

01:36:42But when it contains

01:36:44decomposed algae,

01:36:46it can be harmful

01:36:48and irritate the eyes

01:36:50as well as other health problems.

01:36:52Square masses occur

01:36:54in the mouth

01:36:56and the lower reaches

01:36:58of certain watercourses.

01:37:00A strong tidal wave

01:37:02meets the current

01:37:04and pushes the river back.

01:37:06Square masses are part

01:37:08of the hydraulic spring category,

01:37:10a sudden change in water level.

01:37:12It is a positive push,

01:37:14which means that the wave

01:37:16has a negative tidal rate.

01:37:18This is when the watercourse

01:37:20suddenly becomes shallow.

01:37:22You won't see square masses everywhere.

01:37:24The river must be shallow

01:37:26and its mouth must be narrow.

01:37:28The area where the sea

01:37:30meets the river must be flat and wide.

01:37:32In addition, the area between

01:37:34the low tide and the high tide

01:37:36must be at least 6 m wide.

01:37:38Of course, there are some exceptions,

01:37:40such as the Amazon,

01:37:42the largest river in the world.

01:37:44The Amazon is not narrow,

01:37:46but it still produces square masses.

01:37:48This is because its mouth

01:37:50is shallow and has many sand banks

01:37:52and other low islands.

01:37:54This square mass is the reason

01:37:56why the Amazon does not have

01:37:58real deltas.

01:38:00The Atlantic Ocean quickly

01:38:02takes away these sediments,

01:38:04preventing such a formation.

01:38:06Square masses are often unpredictable

01:38:08and can be extremely violent.

01:38:10It even happens that the water

01:38:12can turn brown or blue.

01:38:14They can damage the vegetation

01:38:16and even tear down trees.

01:38:18Thus, leisure sports

01:38:20such as kayaking and surfing

01:38:22can be dangerous in these areas.

01:38:24But if you just want to observe

01:38:26a square mass a little closer,

01:38:28be careful.

01:38:30It could literally tear down

01:38:32the ground under your feet

01:38:34and take you into these agitated waters.

01:38:36Ah, Kiev!

01:38:38You've been dreaming of coming here for years.

01:38:40With your faithful camera,

01:38:42you start taking pictures of cathedrals,

01:38:44the Aviation Museum and the Dnipro River

01:38:46when, without warning,

01:38:48a huge boom

01:38:50is heard behind you.

01:38:52When you turn around,

01:38:54you see something rising in the distance

01:38:56and that looks like a gigantic explosion.

01:38:58Oh oh, it's time to leave,

01:39:00and quickly.

01:39:02In June 2020, what the inhabitants of Kiev

01:39:04saw that day was a cloud in the shape of an anvil,

01:39:06a rare storm formation in the sky.

01:39:08As strong air currents

01:39:10transport water vapor upwards,

01:39:12the air expands and spreads

01:39:14when it reaches the bottom of the stratosphere.

01:39:16It pushes the dense cloud

01:39:18to give it the shape of an anvil you see.

01:39:20And sometimes,

01:39:22it even takes the shape of a mushroom.

01:39:24Clouds in the shape of an anvil

01:39:26produce some of the most dangerous lightning

01:39:28of all storms.

01:39:30These lightnings seem to come out

01:39:32as if by magic from the blue sky

01:39:34when the storm is several kilometers away.

01:39:36This type of lightning comes from the top of the anvil

01:39:38and can be ten times more powerful

01:39:40than a classic lightning strike.

01:39:42People were so scared

01:39:44to see this giant cloud

01:39:46only 100 kilometers away

01:39:48that they thought something terrible

01:39:50had happened.

01:39:52Residents shared pictures of the big cloud

01:39:54on social media

01:39:56even before the authorities could explain what was happening.

01:39:58Then, they managed to calm

01:40:00the fears of the population

01:40:02by informing them that it was nothing more

01:40:04than a natural phenomenon

01:40:06and that it was beautiful.

01:40:08Before dissipating,

01:40:10these clouds usually remain in the same area

01:40:12regardless of the strength of the wind.

01:40:14Let's go to the northern tip of Queensland,

01:40:16in Australia,

01:40:18far from all these rampant animals.

01:40:20It's time to take a break

01:40:22and relax at the beach.

01:40:24By making yourself comfortable,

01:40:26you notice that a large shadow

01:40:28passes over you,

01:40:30then another,

01:40:32then another.

01:40:34This type of cloud,

01:40:36called Morning Glory,

01:40:38looks like a massive tube,

01:40:40is very rare,

01:40:42and seems to be rolling in the sky.

01:40:44It can be up to 1,000 kilometers long

01:40:46and sometimes appears in large groups.

01:40:48This phenomenon is the result

01:40:50of an upward current

01:40:52that pushes the cloud,

01:40:54creating a tube-like appearance,

01:40:56while humid and cooler air

01:40:58makes it spin on itself.

01:41:00In 2001, people witnessed

01:41:02one of the strangest meteorological phenomena

01:41:04in history.

01:41:06The rain was red.

01:41:08Many were shocked.

01:41:10The color was bright enough

01:41:12to stain clothes.

01:41:14There were also other colors,

01:41:16such as green, yellow, brown,

01:41:18and even black.

01:41:20In the middle of a cloud,

01:41:22a red rain began to fall

01:41:24and recurred periodically

01:41:26for several weeks.

01:41:28Clouds are formed

01:41:30either by dust

01:41:32or by algae.

01:41:34They are not quite sure

01:41:36how the algae got there,

01:41:38which made this event

01:41:40a little more disturbing.

01:41:42You like to take a foam bath

01:41:44to relax after a rough day,

01:41:46but your bathtub takes too long

01:41:48to fill. Problem solved.

01:41:50Get on any coast

01:41:52after a big storm

01:41:54and scratch your head.

01:41:56However, they are more likely

01:41:58to occur along rocky coasts,

01:42:00such as the coast of San Francisco,

01:42:02Northern Ireland,

01:42:04or Mooroo in Australia.

01:42:06Each coast has different conditions

01:42:08that make up such a foam.

01:42:10If you take seawater in a glass

01:42:12and look closely,

01:42:14you will see that it is full of tiny particles.

01:42:16Many elements, such as plants,

01:42:18chemical products,

01:42:20and a lot of salt and minerals

01:42:22create the perfect formula for this foam.

01:42:24When the wind mixes everything,

01:42:26you get something that looks like

01:42:28milk foam floating above the water.

01:42:30When glacial temperatures

01:42:32hit the shanties of Michigan,

01:42:34all kinds of unusual things happen,

01:42:36like ghost apples.

01:42:38No, they are not scary.

01:42:40But if you want to find one in winter,

01:42:42be careful.

01:42:44All conditions must be met

01:42:46for this to happen,

01:42:48and it will be a glacial cold.

01:42:50It is actually a rare meteorological phenomenon

01:42:52caused by the fact that apples

01:42:54freeze on their branches,

01:42:56the rain covering the fruit of a thin layer of ice.

01:42:58The apples then thaw

01:43:00and flow like compote,

01:43:02leaving behind only a beautiful ice envelope.

01:43:04The Catatumbo River in Venezuela

01:43:06could well be

01:43:08the most electric area in the world,

01:43:10with nearly 300 days of thunderstorms per year.

01:43:12Thunderstorms are so frequent

01:43:14that they are predicted three months in advance.

01:43:16During the rainy season,

01:43:18in October, you can see 30 lightning

01:43:20in just one minute.

01:43:22A truly unique experience.

01:43:24Each lightning has the energy

01:43:26necessary to power a single bulb

01:43:28for six months,

01:43:30so this impressive spectacle

01:43:32could power all of Venezuela forever.

01:43:34At sunset, strong winds

01:43:36circulate around the three surrounding mountains,

01:43:38forming thunderstorms above the water.

01:43:40When water droplets from the humid air

01:43:42collide with the ice crystals

01:43:44of the cold air,

01:43:46this produces static charges

01:43:48almost every night.

01:43:50And as if that weren't enough,

01:43:52some thunderstorms also have lightning

01:43:54above them.

01:43:56Transitional light phenomena

01:43:58are electrical discharges

01:44:00located very high in the Earth's atmosphere.

01:44:02They are associated with powerful thunderstorms,

01:44:04but they have nothing to do with rain.

01:44:06These phenomena occur

01:44:08at an altitude of 50 to 80 km

01:44:10in the mesosphere.

01:44:12The artificial lights of the night

01:44:14make it much more difficult

01:44:16to detect low-intensity lightning.

01:44:18If you see one,

01:44:20it looks tiny,

01:44:22when it can be more than 50 km wide.

01:44:24These red lights are a type

01:44:26of cold plasma discharge

01:44:28above a thunderstorm cloud.

01:44:30It results from the equilibrium

01:44:32of the charge of lightning

01:44:34between the thunderstorm clouds

01:44:36and the ground below.

01:44:38Snowballs are one of the rarest

01:44:40meteorological curiosities,

01:44:42because you need perfect conditions

01:44:44for snow to form.

01:44:46The wind, the temperature, the snow,

01:44:48the ice and the humidity

01:44:50must work together

01:44:52so that we can admire these snowballs.

01:44:54First, you need a thin layer of wet snow

01:44:56on the ground.

01:44:58Under this layer, ice or powder.

01:45:00Then, a strong enough breeze

01:45:02to make the snowball roll

01:45:04down a hill, like a snowball.

01:45:06Once it has stopped rolling,

01:45:08it can be the size of a baseball

01:45:10or as big as a car tire.

01:45:12It depends on the strength of the wind.

01:45:14A newly formed snowball

01:45:16won't stay there for long,

01:45:18so hurry up and take a picture!

01:45:20Looking at the sunset,

01:45:22the beautiful purple and pink

01:45:24above are nothing compared

01:45:26to the three suns you see in front of you.

01:45:28Wow!

01:45:30Since when does the Earth have three suns?

01:45:32These ghost stars,

01:45:34which sometimes appear next to the sun,

01:45:36are called parallelepipeds.

01:45:38They often appear in the form

01:45:40of stars that the sun

01:45:42above the horizon.

01:45:44They are mostly observed on a ring or halo

01:45:46where ice crystals best reflect light.

01:45:48Some parallelepipeds also appear

01:45:50next to the moon

01:45:52and are formed by the lunar light

01:45:54passing through the ice crystals,

01:45:56but they are not as visible

01:45:58as their solar homologues.

01:46:00By taking pictures in nature,

01:46:02you have finally found the ideal place

01:46:04to make the perfect shot.

01:46:06Crystal clear water,

01:46:08flying saucer.

01:46:10Wait, what? A flying saucer?

01:46:12The aliens are there?

01:46:14That's what you might think

01:46:16if you saw a cloud in the form of a saucer.

01:46:18It bears the sweet name

01:46:20Daltocumulus Lenticulare.

01:46:22These are in fact

01:46:24unusual cloud formations

01:46:26above the mountain tops.

01:46:28When the humid air passes over a mountain,

01:46:30a wave is created

01:46:32if the temperature difference is ideal.

01:46:34When the air crosses the wave,

01:46:36a wave is created

01:46:38and a bunch of these clouds

01:46:40can then take an oval shape.

01:46:42So they are not aliens after all.

01:46:44The sky falls on our heads.

01:46:46People who have already seen these clouds

01:46:48claim that they seem to fall from the sky.

01:46:50The Mammatus clouds

01:46:52look like gigantic white

01:46:54and cloudy chameleons,

01:46:56but it would be very difficult

01:46:58to make them shine.

01:47:00These strange cloudy clouds

01:47:02can extend for hundreds of kilometers

01:47:04in one direction,

01:47:06remaining visible for short periods

01:47:08at the bottom of a cumulonimbus

01:47:10or other storm clouds.

01:47:12These strange formations

01:47:14are due to the turbulence

01:47:16within the storm itself,

01:47:18creating an irregular cloud base.

01:47:20They can appear anywhere in the world.

01:47:22The Mammatus forms

01:47:24when humid air descends into dry air.

01:47:26The air must be cooler than its environment,

01:47:28cooled by ice

01:47:30or filled with water.

01:47:32This triangle of Bermuda is located

01:47:34in Transylvania.

01:47:36Sorry, I was wrong.

01:47:38So, once upon a time,

01:47:40in the heart of Transylvania,

01:47:42there was a mysterious place

01:47:44that people called

01:47:46the Bermuda Triangle of Transylvania.

01:47:48Look at these twisted trees

01:47:50and these undergrowth.

01:47:52It looks like an evil creature

01:47:54can appear from behind a tree

01:47:56at any time.

01:47:58There could even be ghosts

01:48:00and mysterious creatures

01:48:02from space,

01:48:04as some legends tell us.

01:48:06This forest became very popular

01:48:08in the 1960s.

01:48:10One day, a man was relaxing

01:48:12on a hot August day

01:48:14with his girlfriend and some friends.

01:48:16Suddenly, his fiancée pointed

01:48:18at something unusual in the sky.

01:48:20A man approached from where she was

01:48:22and, to his great surprise,

01:48:24saw it too.

01:48:26It was a strange silver disc

01:48:28He quickly took out his camera

01:48:30and took four pictures

01:48:32before the strange object disappeared.

01:48:34It only lasted two minutes,

01:48:36but the man developed his film

01:48:38and his pictures were published

01:48:40in local newspapers.

01:48:42Many people were skeptical.

01:48:44They thought it was

01:48:46a meteorological balloon

01:48:48that looked like a spaceship

01:48:50because it had been photographed

01:48:52under a strange light.

01:48:54However, that day,

01:48:56it was not the only legend

01:48:58of this region.

01:49:00It is said that those

01:49:02who ventured too far

01:49:04into the dark depths

01:49:06of this sinister place

01:49:08did not come back often,

01:49:10which earned him his nickname.

01:49:12A shepherd entered the forest

01:49:14with his 200 sheep.

01:49:16They were never found.

01:49:18People also tell the story

01:49:20of a 5-year-old girl

01:49:22who disappeared one day.

01:49:24She was wearing the same clothes

01:49:26as the day of her disappearance

01:49:28and had not taken a ride.

01:49:30There are people who entered the forest

01:49:32and managed to get out of it,

01:49:34but with serious burns,

01:49:36a severe fever

01:49:38and other health problems

01:49:40that they did not have before.

01:49:42Some are convinced that this happened

01:49:44because the basement contains

01:49:46a lot of natural uranium

01:49:48with a high level of radioactivity.

01:49:50According to others,

01:49:52it looks like someone is watching you

01:49:54or that your electronic devices are reaching.

01:49:56And now,

01:49:58here is something that is not a legend.

01:50:00The forest has an incredible history.

01:50:02Some sources claim

01:50:04that it housed

01:50:06the oldest colony in Romania

01:50:08dating from 6,500 BC.

01:50:10The trees themselves

01:50:12are quite mysterious.

01:50:14They grow in the form of strange spirals

01:50:16or with funny zigzag patterns.

01:50:18Although scientists

01:50:20have come to explore this phenomenon,

01:50:22they have not been able to find

01:50:24the answer to the question

01:50:26of why they are like this.

01:50:28It seems that the trees bend their branches

01:50:30to be able to stretch and catch

01:50:32when you do not look.

01:50:34And what is interesting

01:50:36is that each of these twisted trees

01:50:38turns in a spiral in the direction

01:50:40of the needles of a watch.

01:50:42But the legends claim

01:50:44that many inexplicable things

01:50:46happened in a specific part of the forest

01:50:48with a perfect example called

01:50:50The Clearing.

01:50:52The perfect name for a horror movie

01:50:54inspired by all these stories.

01:50:56The soil of this vegetation-free area

01:50:58has been tested

01:51:00and no one has found anything

01:51:02strange or anomalous

01:51:04that could prevent plants

01:51:06from growing there.

01:51:08Some inhabitants believe

01:51:10that the forest has a positive energy

01:51:12and that it is good to make wishes there.

01:51:14But even more people

01:51:16believe that there are roles here

01:51:18like mysterious spheres

01:51:20that arise in the middle of the forest

01:51:22or extraterrestrial lights.

01:51:24Anyway, Dracula, you and your castle,

01:51:26you can get out

01:51:28because you are not the only scary story

01:51:30of Transylvania.

01:51:32Here is another place

01:51:34because of which you will not be able

01:51:36to sleep peacefully tonight.

01:51:38The Isla de las Monecas

01:51:40or the Island of the Dolls.

01:51:42In the middle of the troubled and sinister

01:51:44island, there is a place

01:51:46that you will not see

01:51:48until you realize

01:51:50that it houses hundreds of dolls

01:51:52suspended in trees

01:51:54and scattered in the dense vegetation.

01:51:56These dolls are old and rotten.

01:51:58They have lost their color

01:52:00over time and their smiling faces

01:52:02are now twisted

01:52:04and express despair and horror.

01:52:06A sad story

01:52:08is hidden behind this sinister place.

01:52:10It is said that the island

01:52:12has been abandoned for 50 years

01:52:14to live alone on the island.

01:52:16He began to obsessively collect

01:52:18dolls lost in the canal.

01:52:20The story goes that he even exchanged

01:52:22the products he was growing

01:52:24with the inhabitants of the island

01:52:26to get more dolls.

01:52:28The man did not clean his dolls

01:52:30and did not try to repair them.

01:52:32He was content to decorate his island

01:52:34with them, whatever the state

01:52:36in which he had found them.

01:52:38Even those that were in good condition

01:52:40were not only outside.

01:52:42His cabin was also full of his sinister toys.

01:52:44Many people were terrified

01:52:46by this place and claimed

01:52:48that it was cursed.

01:52:50But others thought that the dolls

01:52:52protected the island.

01:52:54In the northern suburbs of London

01:52:56is the mysterious Highgate Cemetery.

01:52:58It is certainly not a place

01:53:00of typical last rest.

01:53:02This cemetery has many strange tombs,

01:53:04including those of Karl Marx

01:53:06and Douglas Adams.

01:53:08But this is not what attracts visitors.

01:53:10People come here

01:53:12because of the legends

01:53:14that claim that this place is haunted

01:53:16by all kinds of scary creatures,

01:53:18including vampires.

01:53:20It is clear that we never get bored

01:53:22with these stories of dark characters

01:53:24flying above the tombs,

01:53:26with red eyes and pointed horns.

01:53:28But this place has not always been so scary.

01:53:30Created in the middle of the 19th century,

01:53:32it had been abandoned and invaded

01:53:34by plants, with ruined monuments

01:53:36and a vegetation that seemed to swallow the tombs.

01:53:38But these legends have become popular

01:53:40at the same time as the place itself

01:53:42in the 1970s,

01:53:44after the cemetery appeared

01:53:46in several horror movies.

01:53:48There are even visitors who call themselves

01:53:50vampire hunters.

01:53:52There is a peaceful and charming village

01:53:54called Pluckley,

01:53:56located a few kilometers from London.

01:53:58This is at least what it would look like at first glance.

01:54:00But it is rumored that Pluckley

01:54:02could be the most haunted village in England.

01:54:04By walking through these haunted streets,

01:54:06you will discover many places

01:54:08that legends say are haunted.

01:54:10Many of them are linked

01:54:12to the Derring family,

01:54:14which bore the title of Lord of the Manor

01:54:16for more than four centuries.

01:54:18The windows surrounded by many buildings

01:54:20give the impression of being from another time.

01:54:22Legend has it that

01:54:24hundreds of years ago,

01:54:26Lord Derring escaped when his enemies

01:54:28captured him. He jumped out of one of his windows,

01:54:30head first.

01:54:32In commemoration of this rather daring act,

01:54:34all the windows of the manor

01:54:36and the village were made in the same style.

01:54:38Even if the manor

01:54:40burned down in 1951,

01:54:42the legacy of Lord Derring's escape

01:54:44is perpetuated in the charming

01:54:46Pluckley village.

01:54:48Some say that Pluckley is surrounded

01:54:50by a screaming wood.

01:54:52There are many legends about paranormal events

01:54:54that have occurred there.

01:54:56There are nice hiking trails in this wood,

01:54:58but to be honest,

01:55:00I'm not brave enough to borrow them during the day.

01:55:02And the Twisted Forest?

01:55:04It is located in Poland

01:55:06and consists of 400 pine trees

01:55:08whose trunks take a 90-degree

01:55:10tight bend and then become

01:55:12strangely curved, like the letter J.

01:55:14Someone planted them in the early 1930s,

01:55:16but we still don't really know

01:55:18how all these trees all have the same curve.

01:55:20A scientist said

01:55:22that it looked like a classical reaction

01:55:24to gravity.

01:55:26Plants have a special mechanism

01:55:28to reorient themselves when the stem is horizontal

01:55:30in relation to gravity.

01:55:32It is therefore possible that these trees

01:55:34were cultivated in this way to make

01:55:36boats or furniture.

01:55:38Of course, human imagination goes far beyond science.

01:55:40Many have thus tried

01:55:42to explain the existence of these trees

01:55:44by telling stories of spirits

01:55:46that possessed these trees

01:55:48or mysterious creatures from space

01:55:50that made them that way.

01:55:52Wait for me for the rest, I'm going to get my popcorn.

01:55:54Uyuni's salary

01:55:56looks like it is above a large mirror,

01:55:58but it is actually an extension

01:56:00of more than 10,000 square meters.

01:56:02It is located in Bolivia,

01:56:04the highest country in South America.

01:56:06This natural mirror

01:56:08is a remnant of a prehistoric lake

01:56:10that evaporated a long time ago.

01:56:12Although it looks flat,

01:56:14GPS technology has proven

01:56:16that part of the landscape has small flaws

01:56:18that all measure less than 2.5 cm.

01:56:20The place is so crowded

01:56:22that it contains

01:56:24about 10 billion tons of salt.

01:56:26If you get there at the right time,

01:56:28some of the neighboring lakes

01:56:30overflow with a small layer of water

01:56:32that acts like the mirror of the sky.

01:56:34Many inhabitants extract salt and lithium from it.

01:56:36Don't forget to stop by the world's first

01:56:38salt hotel during your visit.

01:56:40You can find a real

01:56:42rainbow mountain in Peru.

01:56:44Scientists still can't explain it.

01:56:46The colored peak is difficult to reach,

01:56:48but seeing the colors blue,

01:56:50red, green, yellow

01:56:52and pink in nature

01:56:54is something impossible to forget.

01:56:56The three bridges of Lebanon

01:56:58have three natural bridges

01:57:00that anyone can cross,

01:57:02take great pictures and even go on picnics.

01:57:04The waterfall is the result

01:57:06of the erosion of limestone

01:57:08that has lasted for millions of years,

01:57:10even if it looks like someone

01:57:12made a hole in the middle.

01:57:14It is located in the village of Tanurin,

01:57:16just two hours from the capital, Beirut.

01:57:18The Dead Sea has a high concentration

01:57:20of salt and minerals

01:57:22compared to the other seas,

01:57:24even if it is technically a lake.

01:57:26It is almost impossible to swim there,

01:57:28but people go there

01:57:30for the natural chemical compounds

01:57:32they find there.

01:57:34Floating on the surface

01:57:36is an excellent way to relax.

01:57:38This ancient stretch of water

01:57:40has received its name

01:57:42because no macroscopic organism

01:57:44can live there,

01:57:46as it is 9.6 times

01:57:48the lowest point on Earth,

01:57:50at 420 meters below sea level.

01:57:52In Saudi Arabia,

01:57:54there is a perfectly truncated rock

01:57:56in the middle with two parallel pieces.

01:57:58What makes al-Nasra

01:58:00so unique is that it was not

01:58:02made artificially,

01:58:04but as a result of the work of nature

01:58:06over the years.

01:58:08This glacier can give the impression

01:58:10that someone threw tons of red paint

01:58:12in the middle of Antarctica,

01:58:14but it is actually its natural color.

01:58:16It is the result of extremely salty water

01:58:18mixed with iron oxide,

01:58:20which gives this strange atmosphere

01:58:22in the middle of nowhere.

01:58:24In Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam,

01:58:26you can taste your coffee

01:58:28a few meters from a...

01:58:30train on the move.

01:58:32The inhabitants of this neighborhood

01:58:34must make sure that no one

01:58:36is on the rails when the train

01:58:38passes twice a day.

01:58:40On days of great affluence,

01:58:42you have to stick to a wall behind you

01:58:44to avoid falling into the Abraham Lake in Canada.

01:58:46It looks like a gelatinous substance,

01:58:48but it is only methane

01:58:50produced by bacteria

01:58:52when they eat the organisms

01:58:54that sink to the bottom.

01:58:56During this process,

01:58:58methane bubbles are released,

01:59:00but as the temperatures are lower

01:59:02at the freezing point,

01:59:04these bubbles freeze on site.

01:59:06Australia houses a unique horizontal

01:59:08waterfall of its kind

01:59:10on the coast of the Kimberley region.

01:59:12The water quickly accumulates

01:59:14between two narrow gorges,

01:59:16like a goulet.

01:59:18In this area, the tides

01:59:20vary by 9 meters.

01:59:22There is also the largest

01:59:24rock in the world.

01:59:26It is so big that it looks

01:59:28like a large hill.

01:59:30It has a circumference of 10 km

01:59:32and is 351 meters high.

01:59:34The edges are eroded

01:59:36because the rock has always been there.

01:59:38The Antelope Canyon in Arizona,

01:59:40on the other side of the rock,

01:59:42has two sections of melted canyons.

01:59:44Over the years, the water

01:59:46that flows through the gorge

01:59:48has created a picturesque formation

01:59:50unique in its kind.

01:59:52In the Philippines,

01:59:54you can swim in one of the most

01:59:56crystalline waters

01:59:58and discover an underwater world

02:00:00in the province of Palawan.

02:00:02The municipality of Coron

02:00:04has beaches of white sand

02:00:06and many small boats

02:00:08whose only neighboring cities

02:00:10are Buenos Aires in Argentina

02:00:12and the Cape in South Africa.

02:00:14It takes 7 days by boat

02:00:16to get to this incomparable place.

02:00:18If you want to escape from the rest of the world

02:00:20by staying with the 280 inhabitants,

02:00:22you will have the impression

02:00:24of being far from everything.

02:00:26An island even more isolated

02:00:28than Tristan de Cunha

02:00:30is Pitcairn Island,

02:00:32located 2,200 km off Tahiti.

02:00:34This place is a mixture

02:00:36of volcanic soil

02:00:38used for agriculture.

02:00:40The population is about 50 people.

02:00:42This small island

02:00:44is considered the second largest

02:00:46protected marine zone.

02:00:48If you plan to visit it,

02:00:50prepare for a long sea trip

02:00:52on a refueling boat

02:00:54that welcomes 12 passengers.

02:00:56This abandoned and magical railway tunnel

02:00:58in Ukraine is one of the most romantic

02:01:00places you can visit.

02:01:02Walking through the leaves

02:01:04you will feel like you are in a fairy tale.

02:01:06The Plitvice Lakes National Park

02:01:08in Croatia

02:01:10is a major tourist attraction

02:01:12and a World Heritage Site

02:01:14with many animals and unique plants.

02:01:16It looks like a magic movie set

02:01:18with infinite waterfalls

02:01:20flowing from all sides

02:01:22and transparent lakes all around.

02:01:24Lake Baikal in Siberia

02:01:26is the oldest lake in the world

02:01:28and contains 20% of the fresh water

02:01:30that is not frozen on Earth.

02:01:32It is the deepest lake in the world

02:01:34with a maximum depth of 1,646 meters.

02:01:36Due to its age and isolation,

02:01:38it is one of the most diversified

02:01:40places for organisms.

02:01:42More than 1,300 species of animals

02:01:44and 570 plants live there.

02:01:46A cave of underground crystals

02:01:48exists in Mexico

02:01:50and it looks like an interstellar world.

02:01:52It is located about 300 meters

02:01:54below the surface,

02:01:56each point measuring up to 10 meters long

02:01:58and weighing up to 55 tons.

02:02:00It is one of the largest crystals in the world.

02:02:02The red sand is what makes

02:02:04this beach unique and why

02:02:06tourists flock to Tianjin in China.

02:02:08A red plant called

02:02:10Swaida Salsa

02:02:12lives in the salt water.

02:02:14The whole beach is covered in red

02:02:16with only the upper layer of the visible sea.

02:02:18In China, there are also the Tianzi Mountains

02:02:20which inspired a famous Hollywood movie.

02:02:22These unique mountains

02:02:24extend over 50 square kilometers

02:02:26in the Wulinggan region.

02:02:28Millions of years of rock erosion

02:02:30have formed this amazing beauty.

02:02:32Under the California sun

02:02:34is the Sequoia National Park

02:02:36which houses the giant forest.

02:02:38It has existed for thousands of years.

02:02:40More than 8,000 of these colossal trees

02:02:42reign on the territory

02:02:44of the world's largest living plants.

02:02:46The Sequoia, General Sherman,

02:02:48whose age is estimated at 2,700 years,

02:02:50is the tree with a single trunk

02:02:52the most imposing in the world.

02:02:54The Osha Island of Japan

02:02:56is home to less than 10 people

02:02:58and more than 120 cats.

02:03:00The island is located in an isolated region

02:03:02and the inhabitants love it.

02:03:04If you decide to visit this place,

02:03:06make sure to bring someone who loves cats.

02:03:08Yemen houses the oldest skyscrapers in the world

02:03:10and the oldest metropolis.

02:03:12The ancient city of Shibam

02:03:14is considered as the Manhattan of the desert

02:03:16because of all the earthen buildings

02:03:18that emerge from the arid ground.

02:03:20They were used as caravans during Antiquity.

02:03:22These earthen buildings

02:03:24make seven floors

02:03:26and were built from fertile soil,

02:03:28hay and water,

02:03:30transformed into bricks

02:03:32and left to cook in the sun for days.

02:03:34The ground floor was used

02:03:36to store cattle and cereals

02:03:38while the upper floors

02:03:40were places to meet

02:03:42and enjoy the beautiful view.

02:03:44The chemical composition

02:03:46of the ancient hot springs

02:03:48of Pamukkale in Turkey

02:03:50gives the water that flows

02:03:52from the hot springs

02:03:54to the hot springs.

02:03:56The shape and the formation

02:03:58of these rocks

02:04:00are not the result

02:04:02of the work of a few humans.

02:04:04They were created

02:04:06by intense volcanic eruptions.

02:04:08Scientists still do not know

02:04:10why the Giant's Sock

02:04:12in Ireland has such a strange shape.

02:04:14Socotra is an island

02:04:16similar to an alien

02:04:18located off the coast of Yemen

02:04:20and classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

02:04:22The Black Waterfall in Iceland

02:04:24owes its name to the dark lava

02:04:26that surrounds it.

02:04:28The base of the waterfall

02:04:30is made up of carved rocks.

02:04:32The whole structure

02:04:34was inspired by Icelandic architecture

02:04:36that can be found

02:04:38in some of these famous buildings.

02:04:40Welcome dear guests

02:04:42and welcome to the Aquarium.

02:04:44Here you will be able to admire

02:04:46the most dangerous marine and oceanic creatures

02:04:48It is possible that you met

02:04:50one of these underwater creatures

02:04:52during a simple walk on the beach.

02:04:54So look at them carefully

02:04:56right now

02:04:58and you could avoid the worst.

02:05:00Is it a fish

02:05:02or an old rock?

02:05:04What you are observing

02:05:06is commonly called the stone fish

02:05:08or synanced for the intimate.

02:05:10If you like diving

02:05:12and observing the seabed

02:05:14you may have already met one

02:05:16Its appearance makes it almost impossible

02:05:18to distinguish it from any other stone

02:05:20because of its gray color

02:05:22and its spotty appearance.

02:05:24Especially if your diving glasses

02:05:26are a little fogged.

02:05:28Finally, you'd better be careful

02:05:30because otherwise the consequences

02:05:32could be disastrous

02:05:34since stone fish

02:05:36are among the most venomous.

02:05:38Although some types of stone fish

02:05:40are known to live in rivers

02:05:42most of them reside in coral reefs

02:05:44The spines of their dorsal fins

02:05:46in the shape of needles

02:05:48stand up when they feel disturbed or threatened

02:05:50and inject the poison they contain.

02:05:52The most common reason for stone fish bites

02:05:54is that swimmers walk on them without realizing it.

02:05:56However, it is not necessary

02:05:58to be in the water to be bitten.

02:06:00As they can survive out of the water

02:06:02up to 24 hours,

02:06:04you should also be careful where you walk

02:06:06when you go to the beach.

02:06:08People who have been bitten by stone fish

02:06:10describe it as an extremely painful experience.

02:06:12This venom can cause infections

02:06:14and in some cases it is known

02:06:16to have resulted in a state of shock

02:06:18or even a paralysis.

02:06:20It may seem surprising

02:06:22but despite its bad reputation

02:06:24stone fish is quite edible

02:06:26if it is properly prepared.

02:06:28When the fish is cooked,

02:06:30its venom decomposes

02:06:32and if its dorsal fins

02:06:34which are the main source of its venom

02:06:36are removed,

02:06:38the raw stone fish can also be served as sashimi.

02:06:40But it is very real.

02:06:42Say hello to the blue-tailed octopus.

02:06:44Don't be fooled by its small size

02:06:46which can go from 12 to 20 cm

02:06:48when counting the tentacles

02:06:50because these little creatures

02:06:52are full of venom

02:06:54capable of affecting up to 26 people

02:06:56in a few minutes.

02:06:58Just like stone fish,

02:07:00blue-tailed octopuses

02:07:02are found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans

02:07:04from Japan to Australia.

02:07:06They generally live in the coral reefs

02:07:08and rocky areas of the bottom of the seas.

02:07:10They can also be found

02:07:12in residual seas,

02:07:14marine herbivores and lidalgos.

02:07:16Blue-tailed octopuses are not aggressive by nature.

02:07:18When they are not in search of food

02:07:20such as crabs and shrimps

02:07:22or in search of a partner,

02:07:24they often hide in marine reefs,

02:07:26shells or crevasses.

02:07:28It is only if they are provoked,

02:07:30attacked or caught in the act

02:07:32that they become dangerous for humans.

02:07:34When they are threatened,

02:07:36they appear on all their bodies

02:07:38as a warning to their potential predators.

02:07:40Their bite is generally unnoticed.

02:07:42You will not be able to realize

02:07:44that you have been bitten

02:07:46before it is too late.

02:07:48The venom of a blue-tailed octopus

02:07:50can cause dizziness,

02:07:52as well as a loss of senses

02:07:54and motor abilities

02:07:56and finally paralysis.

02:07:58So it's better to keep your hands to yourself

02:08:00and move back quickly if you see one.

02:08:02No, it's not a bouquet of flowers

02:08:04but to feel one of these pink things

02:08:06in the shape of a cube.

02:08:08What is in front of your eyes

02:08:10is a marine animal called the blue-tailed octopus.

02:08:12It may look beautiful,

02:08:14but don't be fooled by its appearance.

02:08:16It was named the most dangerous

02:08:18in the Guinness Book of Records in 2014.

02:08:20Blue-tailed octopuses live in tropical areas

02:08:22of the Indo-Pacific basin

02:08:24and generally live in coral reefs.

02:08:26Rocks, sand and marine shrubs

02:08:28have depths from 0 to 90 meters.

02:08:30Their most remarkable feature

02:08:32is their pedicellae,

02:08:34which are defensive organs

02:08:36in the shape of claws

02:08:38that can also be found

02:08:40in starfish.

02:08:42What differentiates them

02:08:44from all other bears

02:08:46is the fact that their pedicellae

02:08:48are, as their name suggests,

02:08:50in the shape of flowers

02:08:52and generally pink-white

02:08:54to yellowish-white

02:08:56with a purple central point.

02:08:58Although many bears

02:09:00deliver their venom

02:09:02through their thorns,

02:09:04blue-tailed octopuses

02:09:06do so through their pedicellae,

02:09:08or flowers.

02:09:10If they are not disturbed,

02:09:12the ends of these flowers

02:09:14generally have an elongated

02:09:16round-cut shape.

02:09:18Their surface has tiny sensors

02:09:20with which they can detect dangers.

02:09:22And when they come in contact

02:09:24with such threats,

02:09:26they can sometimes detach

02:09:28themselves from their stems,

02:09:30cling to the point in contact

02:09:32and keep injecting venom

02:09:34for hours,

02:09:36until you touch them.

02:09:38Doesn't it look like a giant

02:09:40ice flake with a melted raspberry?

02:09:42You'd like to,

02:09:44except it's a lion's mane jellyfish,

02:09:46also called capillary cyanide.

02:09:52They are known to prefer cold waters,

02:09:54which is why they are found

02:09:56mainly in the Arctic,

02:09:58North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

02:10:00But they can also be found

02:10:02around the British Isles

02:10:04and in the Scandinavian waters.

02:10:06The lion's mane jellyfish

02:10:08is one of the largest species

02:10:10known of jellyfish.

02:10:12They are called long tentacles,

02:10:14similar to hair,

02:10:16and can reach a length of 3 metres.

02:10:18Although the average diameter

02:10:20of a lion's mane jellyfish bell

02:10:22can be up to 1 cm,

02:10:24it can sometimes reach

02:10:26a diameter of more than 2 metres.

02:10:28The largest lion's mane jellyfish

02:10:30ever seen was seen in 1865

02:10:32off the coast of Massachusetts.

02:10:34It was estimated to have

02:10:36tentacles about 36 metres long

02:10:38and a diameter of more than 2 metres.

02:10:40To give you an idea of its size,

02:10:42it was longer than a blue whale.

02:10:44Lion's mane jellyfish hunt

02:10:46by spreading their tentacles

02:10:48all around, creating a trap

02:10:50for predators to escape their food.

02:10:52As they have about 1,200

02:10:54stinging tentacles,

02:10:56it would take an extremely lucky fish

02:10:58to hope to escape them.

02:11:00The sting of a lion's mane jellyfish

02:11:02is generally not deadly,

02:11:04but you still have to avoid

02:11:06swimming through its tentacles

02:11:08because it can be very painful

02:11:10for humans.

02:11:12And if you see one on the beach,

02:11:14it's better not to touch it

02:11:16because it can sting you

02:11:18The lion's mane jellyfish

02:11:20appears in the story of Sherlock Holmes

02:11:22as a suspect.

02:11:24But don't worry,

02:11:26we won't give any spoilers.

02:11:28The last marine animal you see

02:11:30is a sea snake.

02:11:32Yes, they are different from eels.

02:11:34There are 69 species

02:11:36identified as sea snakes.

02:11:38Most of them are found

02:11:40in the tropical and subtropical

02:11:42waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

02:11:44And they have existed for millions of years.

02:11:46To make things easier,

02:11:48scientists have separated

02:11:50all the different species of sea snakes

02:11:52into two categories.

02:11:54The real sea snakes

02:11:56and the striped ones.

02:11:58While the real sea snakes

02:12:00spend almost all their time at sea,

02:12:02the striped ones can also

02:12:04crawl on the ground.

02:12:06If you see a snake on the beach,

02:12:08you can determine whether it is

02:12:10a sea snake or a land snake

02:12:12by looking at its tail.

02:12:14But make sure to keep your distance

02:12:16in both cases.

02:12:18All sea snakes must surface regularly

02:12:20to breathe because they have no gills.

02:12:22That's why you could run into one

02:12:24while you're swimming.

02:12:26If that happens, you'd better

02:12:28get away as soon as possible

02:12:30because most sea snakes have more venom

02:12:32than the average cobra or crocodile.

02:12:34However, as they only attack

02:12:36if they are provoked,

02:12:38bites are quite rare.

02:12:40Another trivial fact about sea snakes

02:12:42is that they give birth in the ocean.

02:12:44The majority of sea snakes

02:12:46keep their eggs in a nest

02:12:48and give birth to small snakes

02:12:50almost already formed while swimming.

02:12:52But that's not the case

02:12:54with the striped one.

02:12:56They go to the mainland

02:12:58to lay their eggs.

02:13:00Do you remember the stone fish

02:13:02at the beginning of our visit?

02:13:04They are hunted by sea snakes.

02:13:06Yes, that's the food chain.

02:13:08Here's John.

02:13:10One day,

02:13:12John notices that his dog is agitated.

02:13:14The dog keeps scratching

02:13:16at the front door and getting agitated

02:13:18in the house.

02:13:20He even tries to hide in a corner

02:13:22by barking and barking.

02:13:24When cups start to spill in the cupboard,

02:13:26John understands what that means.

02:13:28The noise is produced by pre-occurring shocks,

02:13:30mini earthquakes that precede

02:13:32the main event.

02:13:34Earthquakes often occur in groups.

02:13:36After a few small earthquakes,

02:13:38it is likely that a bigger one

02:13:40is in preparation.

02:13:42Before the disaster,

02:13:44we can also notice strange blue lights.

02:13:46Some of them seem to come out of the ground,

02:13:48others float in the air.

02:13:50These are earthquake lights.

02:13:52They can appear

02:13:54several days or a few seconds

02:13:56before the ground starts to shake.

02:13:58Now, John walks along the ocean shore.

02:14:00Suddenly, he sees the water

02:14:02retreating from the beach

02:14:04at lightning speed.

02:14:06He runs as fast as he can

02:14:08and finds a high point.

02:14:10A tsunami is coming

02:14:12and your life could depend on

02:14:14the speed of your reaction.

02:14:16If John spots an unexpected rise

02:14:18in the sea level,

02:14:20it could be another sign

02:14:22of the approach of a tsunami.

02:14:24This happens in 40% of cases.

02:14:26The water that is coming

02:14:28is the first wave of the tsunami.

02:14:30The second, much, much bigger,

02:14:32will arrive about 10 minutes later.

02:14:34A tsunami is coming

02:14:36and creates strange patterns.

02:14:38It is another sign

02:14:40that a tsunami is coming.

02:14:42Now, John feels

02:14:44that something is wrong with the sun.

02:14:46Through his very polarized

02:14:48special sunglasses,

02:14:50he sees irregular eruptions

02:14:52around the star's outline.

02:14:54If these strange rays

02:14:56are accompanied by aurora

02:14:58all over the world,

02:15:00they are the sign of a solar storm.

02:15:02In this case,

02:15:04the explosions of gas and radiation

02:15:06at the surface of the sun

02:15:08become so massive and powerful

02:15:10that they can even reach our planet.

02:15:12Fortunately, solar storms are not

02:15:14really dangerous for people,

02:15:16but they can disrupt the electrical network

02:15:18and even cause breakdowns.

02:15:20The sky above John's head

02:15:22darkens and becomes sinisterly green.

02:15:24Something hits him on the forehead.

02:15:26Ouch! He picks up the object in question.

02:15:28It's a hail.

02:15:30Now, it is not so cold outside

02:15:32and it does not rain.

02:15:34Soon, he hears a noise

02:15:36that approaches quickly

02:15:38and turns into a loud roar.

02:15:40It looks like a freight train

02:15:42is rushing towards him,

02:15:44but it is not a train,

02:15:46it is a tornado.

02:15:48The funnel is not visible

02:15:50behind a cloud of debris,

02:15:52but John cannot confuse

02:15:54this air column in rotation

02:15:56with anything else.

02:15:58It's a tornado!

02:16:00It's a tornado!

02:16:02It's a tornado!

02:16:04It's a tornado!

02:16:06It's a tornado!

02:16:08It's a tornado!

02:16:10It's a tornado!

02:16:12It's a tornado!

02:16:14It's a tornado!

02:16:16It's a tornado!

02:16:18It's a tornado!

02:16:20It's a tornado!

02:16:22It's a tornado!

02:16:24It's a tornado!

02:16:26It's a tornado!

02:16:28It's a tornado!

02:16:30It's a tornado!

02:16:32It's a tornado!

02:16:34It's a tornado!

02:16:36It's a tornado!

02:16:38It's a tornado!

02:16:40It's a tornado!

02:16:42It's a tornado!

02:16:44It's a tornado!

02:16:46It's a tornado!

02:16:48It's a tornado!

02:16:50It's a tornado!

02:16:52It's a tornado!

02:16:54It's a tornado!

02:16:56It's a tornado!

02:16:58It's a tornado!

02:17:00It's a tornado!

02:17:02It's a tornado!

02:17:04It's a tornado!

02:17:06It's a tornado!

02:17:08It's a tornado!

02:17:10It's a tornado!

02:17:12It's a tornado!

02:17:14It's a tornado!

02:17:16It's a tornado!

02:17:18It's a tornado!

02:17:20It's a tornado!

02:17:22What would you say now about a walk in the park?

02:17:24John loves this idea.

02:17:26The sun is shining and the sky is blue.

02:17:28Suddenly, he sees a vertical cloud

02:17:30that grows rapidly.

02:17:32At first, it looks like a bright white,

02:17:34but as it approaches

02:17:36at an alarming speed,

02:17:38it becomes dense and ink-colored.

02:17:40The sky darkens.

02:17:42There begins to be wind.

02:17:44That's when John notices

02:17:46his hair standing on his head.

02:17:48It's a sign that he's about to be hit by lightning.

02:17:50At this precise moment,

02:17:52positive charges rise from his body.

02:17:54They are directed towards the negatively charged part of the storm.

02:17:56If he doesn't react quickly,

02:17:58these charges will meet.

02:18:00There's nowhere to hide.

02:18:02So John has to crouch

02:18:04and try to make himself smaller

02:18:06than the objects around him.

02:18:08Oh no, John, don't lie on the ground!

02:18:10He may be wet and,

02:18:12therefore, an electrician.

02:18:14There are other signs

02:18:16that indicate the danger during an electric storm.

02:18:18John's palms may begin to sweat.

02:18:20He may hear cracks

02:18:22and strange rumbling

02:18:24coming from nearby metal objects.

02:18:26His skin may begin to itch.

02:18:28He may feel a strange metallic taste

02:18:30in his mouth.

02:18:32In addition, it is likely that John

02:18:34smells chlorine, which is ozone.

02:18:36Electric charges

02:18:38divide nitrogen and oxygen molecules,

02:18:40which are the main gases

02:18:42in the atmosphere,

02:18:44into separate atoms.

02:18:46When they combine again,

02:18:48some of them produce molecules

02:18:50made up of three oxygen atoms.

02:18:52It's ozone.

02:18:54You can smell it during a storm

02:18:56because the descending currents

02:18:58bring this gas from high altitudes

02:19:00to our level.

02:19:02Some insects can feel a storm coming.

02:19:04They prepare for the natural disaster

02:19:06by freezing.

02:19:08So when John notices that the insects

02:19:10around him seem to be drowsy,

02:19:12he knows he has to prepare.

02:19:14He has to work much harder

02:19:16the day before it starts to rain.

02:19:18As he walks near the river

02:19:20during a period of heavy rain,

02:19:22John hears a rustle.

02:19:24He is paralyzed by fear.

02:19:26It is probably a sudden rain

02:19:28heading in his direction.

02:19:30Indeed, he soon sees debris

02:19:32coming down with the current.

02:19:34The water quickly changes color,

02:19:36becoming muddy and dark.

02:19:38Lightning rains are very dangerous.

02:19:40So put yourself right away

02:19:43Another day, John sees

02:19:45a spectacular wall cloud.

02:19:47It seems to extend over 8 km.

02:19:49In the best case,

02:19:51it is simply a violent storm coming.

02:19:53But if the wall cloud starts

02:19:55to move in circles,

02:19:57it is the sign of a tornado.

02:19:59John walks on an ice field

02:20:01in the mountains,

02:20:03listening to the sounds

02:20:05of the ice under his feet.

02:20:07The noise is rather hollow.

02:20:09Quick, John, check if there are

02:20:12If this is the case,

02:20:14there is a good chance

02:20:16that an avalanche is about to occur.

02:20:18Soon, John actually sees

02:20:20an avalanche moving in his direction.

02:20:22He does his best to leave the slope.

02:20:24In most cases,

02:20:26he could probably distance it

02:20:28by heading down the slope,

02:20:30then by heading to the side.

02:20:32But not this time.

02:20:34He realizes that he does not have

02:20:36enough time and heads

02:20:38towards the nearest tree.

02:20:40If it does not work,

02:20:42he has to try to swim

02:20:44to the surface of the avalanche

02:20:46as long as it is still moving.

02:20:48By a beautiful summer evening,

02:20:50John notices that leaves

02:20:52on the soft stem suddenly disappear.

02:20:54Ah, it may be because

02:20:56of a storm to come.

02:20:58Just before the arrival of a storm,

02:21:00the air usually becomes more humid,

02:21:02the leaves also become humid

02:21:04and heavy, and the wind

02:21:06returns them easily.

02:21:08But one day, he notices

02:21:10that some of them have widened.

02:21:12And look, there is also news.

02:21:14It's a warning signal.

02:21:16He lives in a very limestone region,

02:21:18so new cracks can mean

02:21:20that a gulf is about to open

02:21:22next to his house.

02:21:24John hurries home

02:21:26trying not to waste time

02:21:28admiring the clouds.

02:21:30They seem straight from

02:21:32a sci-fi movie.

02:21:34They form when hot and humid air

02:21:36often means that a storm is coming.

02:21:40Seismic lights are

02:21:42one of the most mysterious

02:21:44natural phenomena.

02:21:46They can occur before, during

02:21:48or after an earthquake.

02:21:50They are generally white or blue

02:21:52and last only a short time,

02:21:54but can sometimes last up to 10 minutes.

02:21:56It is difficult to study them

02:21:58because they can occur

02:22:00at varying distances from the epicenter

02:22:02of the earthquake.

02:22:04They only appear during powerful earthquakes

02:22:06of a magnitude of 5 or more

02:22:08on the Richter scale.

02:22:10Scientists think they could be caused

02:22:12by the release of ionized oxygen

02:22:14that occurs when

02:22:16some rocks crack.

02:22:18The next phenomenon is not

02:22:20spontaneous, but it is

02:22:22no less impressive.

02:22:24You have to go to La Macarena in Colombia

02:22:26to see it.

02:22:28It is the liquid rainbow

02:22:30of the Cagno Crystallis,

02:22:32the five-colored river.

02:22:34You can see the river

02:22:36changing from red to yellow,

02:22:38to green and purple

02:22:40depending on the light

02:22:42and the condition of the water.

02:22:44This amazing spectacle is caused

02:22:46by a remarkable aquatic plant.

02:22:48It settles on the rocks of the river

02:22:50and gives the water a reddish color.

02:22:52This water is also very clear

02:22:54with very little impurity,

02:22:56which makes the red pigments

02:22:58even more visible.

02:23:00You will also get to know

02:23:02a variety of fauna around.

02:23:04You can see red macaws

02:23:06and howling monkeys.

02:23:08Every autumn and spring,

02:23:10a magnificent natural phenomenon

02:23:12occurs in the Vaden Sea region

02:23:14in northern Europe.

02:23:16About one and a half million

02:23:18tadpoles gather in the same place

02:23:20to rest in the tall grass at night.

02:23:22However, before night

02:23:24sets in, the tadpoles

02:23:26can be attacked by hungry

02:23:28predators.

02:23:30The tadpoles then form complex patterns

02:23:32to escape the raptors,

02:23:34resulting in a hypnotic ballet.

02:23:36This spectacle is known

02:23:38as the black sun

02:23:40and involves thousands,

02:23:42if not millions of birds

02:23:44flying in formation.

02:23:46The reason for this synchronized flight

02:23:48is that it makes it more difficult

02:23:50for predators to spot

02:23:52and capture a particular tadpole.

02:23:54Volcanic sounds, also called

02:23:56trémors volcaniques,

02:23:58occur before an eruption.

02:24:00They come from the magma

02:24:02under pressure in the crevasses

02:24:04and tunnels, explosions of gas

02:24:06bubbles and thermal networks

02:24:08near the surface of the volcano.

02:24:10When the magma rises,

02:24:12the gas accumulates and cracks

02:24:14the surface.

02:24:16The magma, rich in gas,

02:24:18then produces a sound

02:24:20similar to that of a barbary organ

02:24:22known as a volcanic tremor.

02:24:24A volcanic tremor is the sign

02:24:26of an imminent eruption.

02:24:28It is therefore preferable to take shelter

02:24:30if you hear something unusual

02:24:32near the site of a volcano.

02:24:34One of the most unreal phenomena

02:24:36that can occur on Earth

02:24:38occurs near sand dunes.

02:24:40If you are at the top of a dune,

02:24:42you may have the chance

02:24:44to hear one of the strangest things

02:24:46ever, singing sand.

02:24:48In reality, scientists

02:24:50have not yet fully understood

02:24:52why this phenomenon occurs.

02:24:54According to a theory,

02:24:56sand would produce this sound

02:24:58by sliding along the dunes

02:25:00and would be caused by friction

02:25:02between these grains.

02:25:04But how do you recognize

02:25:06the sound of sand?

02:25:08It's a bit like a plane

02:25:10flying in the distance.

02:25:12One of the rare places on Earth

02:25:14where sand makes such a powerful sound

02:25:16that it can be heard by tourists

02:25:18is the Namib Desert in Africa

02:25:20or the Yosemite National Park

02:25:22and, more precisely,

02:25:24Horsetail Falls.

02:25:26You will have to plan your trip in advance

02:25:28to be sure to arrive in winter

02:25:30or early spring.

02:25:32It is the only time of year

02:25:34where you can admire this magnificent spectacle.

02:25:36Let's be clear,

02:25:38it is not real gold

02:25:40that falls from the mountain.

02:25:42It is actually an optical illusion.

02:25:44At dusk, the sunlight

02:25:46hits the waterfall in such a particular way

02:25:48that it looks like a river made of gold

02:25:50or lava.

02:25:52In the California National Park

02:25:54of the Valley of Death,

02:25:56some rocks seem to move by themselves

02:25:58and leave traces behind them.

02:26:00Scientists first thought

02:26:02that the great geocuckoo,

02:26:04you know, the beep-beep of the cartoon,

02:26:06could be at the origin of these movements.

02:26:08But this creature is far too small

02:26:10to drag rocks.

02:26:12It was also thought

02:26:14that the wind could be at the origin

02:26:16of these movements.

02:26:18Scientists have been studying these rocks for years.

02:26:20But until 2014,

02:26:22no one had really seen them move.

02:26:24They had simply been found

02:26:26in different positions at different times.

02:26:28Thanks to chronophotography,

02:26:30we discovered that this movement

02:26:32was due to a combination of precipitation,

02:26:34rapid temperature change

02:26:36and a little wind.

02:26:38When it rains, the water sometimes freezes

02:26:40and the rocks remain trapped in the ice.

02:26:42When the temperature rises,

02:26:44it starts to melt

02:26:46and moves slowly,

02:26:48dragging the rocks with it.

02:26:50The traces left solidify

02:26:52under the heat of the sun.

02:26:54The layer of ice that moves these rocks

02:26:56is very thin and evaporates quickly.

02:26:58And that's why scientists have had

02:27:00a hard time understanding this phenomenon for so long.

02:27:02Have you ever heard of a dirty storm?

02:27:04Fasten your seatbelt

02:27:06because we're going to show you

02:27:08the world of volcanic ash.

02:27:10No, it's not a new type

02:27:12of tectonic dance,

02:27:14even if we all look forward to it.

02:27:16It's just a stylish name

02:27:18to talk about the lightning and thunder

02:27:20that occur during an eruption.

02:27:22During a normal storm,

02:27:24positive and negative particles

02:27:26collide and create powerful sparks.

02:27:28And the rumbling you hear?

02:27:30It's thunder.

02:27:32But when a volcano starts to rumble,

02:27:34some ash particles are electrified

02:27:36and collide with each other.

02:27:38This causes electrical discharges,

02:27:40which gives the impression

02:27:42that the lightning comes

02:27:44directly from the volcano.

02:27:46With all these ashes,

02:27:48these fumaroles,

02:27:50and these gases in suspension,

02:27:52you'd think you were diving

02:27:54into a science fiction movie.

02:27:56And that's what we sometimes

02:27:58call a dirty storm.

02:28:00Have you seen this giant ray of light

02:28:02rising in the sky?

02:28:04It's what we call a luminous column.

02:28:06And don't worry,

02:28:08when it's cold outside,

02:28:10these crystals floating near the ground

02:28:12reflect direct light

02:28:14and create these columns of light

02:28:16that seem to come from space.

02:28:18In reality,

02:28:20these are just a bunch of small crystals

02:28:22that show us their ability to reflect.

02:28:24And if you think these natural light columns

02:28:26are cool, wait until you see

02:28:28those that are artificial.

02:28:30They can be even bigger,

02:28:32because the light from light bulbs

02:28:34is not quite the same.

02:28:36You can always reflect the light,

02:28:38even if they are slightly tilted.

02:28:40Imagine that all this light

02:28:42comes from light bulbs

02:28:44located just a few meters away.

02:28:46So the next time you see

02:28:48a luminous column,

02:28:50don't run to take cover

02:28:52and enjoy the show instead.

02:28:54If you see these weird,

02:28:56bubble-like shapes in the sky,

02:28:58you can consider yourself lucky.

02:29:00These little wonders

02:29:02are called mammatus clouds,

02:29:04and they form when the air rises,

02:29:06which makes them look like big cotton balls.

02:29:08But mammatus clouds

02:29:10form when the air sinks,

02:29:12which makes them float upside down.

02:29:14The air above and below

02:29:16these clouds creates a small turbulence,

02:29:18and before you notice it,

02:29:20the particles of the clouds

02:29:22form perfectly round orbs.

02:29:24Don't stay too long

02:29:26to look at them,

02:29:28because they are often the sign

02:29:30that a storm is coming.

02:29:32The sun wears a festive hat

02:29:34in the color of the rainbow

02:29:36at the top of the metallic mountains in Germany.

02:29:38This phenomenon is called

02:29:40a solar halo,

02:29:42and these snow-covered trees

02:29:44also look like they are part of the party.

02:29:46All this is due to the ice crystals

02:29:48that are in the clouds at an altitude.

02:29:50They like to bend

02:29:52and reflect the light,

02:29:54which gives the impression

02:29:56that the sun is dancing

02:29:58like in a lava lamp.

02:30:00But don't let this spoil your fun.

02:30:02You can always stay in the corner

02:30:04and take great pictures.

02:30:06This pointed hedgehog tree

02:30:08knows how to shoot,

02:30:10so you'd better not get too close.

02:30:12It's called the bombardier tree,

02:30:14and you can find it in the Amazon.

02:30:16At first, its seeds

02:30:18look like a small pumpkin.

02:30:20Over time, they harden and mature.

02:30:22But here's the fun part.

02:30:24Just when they reach their maturity,

02:30:26the seeds burst

02:30:28at a speed of 240 km per hour.

02:30:30They can even reach

02:30:32distances of 18 meters.

02:30:34That's why it's so risky

02:30:36to be on their way during the explosion,

02:30:38not to mention that the seeds

02:30:40are also toxic.

02:30:42Of course, some trees

02:30:44don't grow quite vertically.

02:30:46But a completely curved tree

02:30:48whose branches even touch the ground

02:30:50is a show not to be missed.

02:30:52A tree like this,

02:30:54the Genevrier Sabine, grows in Spain.

02:30:56Its shape depends on the wind,

02:30:58because the tree bends in its direction.

02:31:00Therefore,

02:31:02not only does it often have a strange shape,

02:31:04but it can also change

02:31:06completely over different periods of the year.

02:31:08This flexible tree

02:31:10can reach more than 8 meters high

02:31:12and tends to grow in the most

02:31:14improbable places, like on rocks.

02:31:18What do you think of a tree

02:31:20that is as old as dinosaurs?

02:31:22Discovered in 1994,

02:31:24the Wollemi tree can be found

02:31:26in the Blue Mountains of Sydney, Australia.

02:31:28It dates back to more than 200 million years.

02:31:30So we can easily imagine

02:31:32that dinosaurs walked around it.

02:31:34As these trees are on the verge of extinction

02:31:36and that only 100 specimens

02:31:38still exist in nature,

02:31:40scientists don't want to

02:31:42disclose their location.

02:31:44They want to make sure that the trees are well preserved.

02:31:46In addition, they are important for science,

02:31:48because studying them can help us

02:31:50discover new information

02:31:52about the past of the Earth.

02:31:54The bark of a tree can teach us

02:31:56a lot of different things,

02:31:58like the different periods of temperature

02:32:00it went through or its exposure

02:32:02to various chemical compounds.

02:32:04The tree of life is named

02:32:06because it is able to resist

02:32:08very difficult conditions

02:32:10and still thrive.

02:32:12Located in the Bahrain desert,

02:32:14the Prosopis cineraria

02:32:16has a very deep root system

02:32:18that allows it to survive

02:32:20even if it manages to get enough water.

02:32:22It is so special

02:32:24that it gathers more than 50,000 tourists

02:32:26each year.

02:32:28The India Dormida,

02:32:30in Panama, is a mountainous area

02:32:32that looks like the body of a young girl

02:32:34asleep. It is part of a

02:32:36larger and more mysterious region

02:32:38called El Valle de Antón,

02:32:40near one of the largest dormant volcanoes

02:32:42in the world.

02:32:44There are also quite strange trees,

02:32:46square trees.

02:32:48These trees, inside their trunk,

02:32:50have the same shape, with clearly drawn

02:32:52edges, sometimes even

02:32:54a perfect angle of 90 degrees.

02:32:56Researchers have tried to understand

02:32:58why these trees grow in this particular shape.

02:33:00They even tried to take samples

02:33:02of some of these trees

02:33:04to plant them elsewhere

02:33:06to see if they kept this shape.

02:33:08And it didn't work.

02:33:10It is therefore clear that the strange shape of these trees

02:33:12has something to do with the valley itself.

02:33:14Some people think that originally

02:33:16local farmers would have planted these trees

02:33:18in boxes, forcing them to grow

02:33:20in order to reduce losses

02:33:22in forestry, because round trees

02:33:24often end up being cut into rectangles.

02:33:28One of the oldest and largest trees

02:33:30in the world is located in the

02:33:32Sequoia National Park in the United States.

02:33:34This is General Sherman

02:33:36and it measures a record height of

02:33:3884 meters. It is almost as big

02:33:40as the Statue of Liberty.

02:33:42Its circumference is just as impressive

02:33:44because at ground level, its trunk

02:33:46measures about 30 meters wide.

02:33:48As for its age,

02:33:50we can only guess that it is

02:33:52between 2,300 and 2,700 years old.

02:33:54How are you, old branch?

02:33:58There are many species of

02:34:00magnificent trees, but none

02:34:02are as striking as the rainbow eucalyptus

02:34:04found in the Philippines.

02:34:06It almost looks like it was painted by hand

02:34:08because of its multicoloured

02:34:10bark layers.

02:34:12The eucalyptus tree has an irregular

02:34:14colour scheme, displaying many

02:34:16colours at once, from green to blue,

02:34:18then to purple, then to orange

02:34:20and finally to brown.

02:34:22It is not used for decoration

02:34:24but rather for paper making.

02:34:26In Namibia,

02:34:28there is a tree with a strange

02:34:30and rather dangerous shape,

02:34:32the bottle tree.

02:34:34As for its shape,

02:34:36the name speaks for itself,

02:34:38with a round trunk that stretches

02:34:40but the milky sap collected

02:34:42on this tree is extremely toxic.

02:34:46Legend has it that the local hunters

02:34:48dipped their arrows in it for more efficiency.

02:34:50However, it is very beautiful

02:34:52at the time of flowering,

02:34:54with pink and white flowers in the centre.

02:34:58Seeing a twisted tree from time to time

02:35:00is nothing special.

02:35:02But to see an entire forest,

02:35:04you have to go to the Polish city

02:35:06of Gryfino. Nearby,

02:35:08there is a forest made up of 400

02:35:10trees with strange shapes.

02:35:12They were curved thanks to a mechanical intervention.

02:35:14They did not just grow like that,

02:35:16but the purpose of the manoeuvre

02:35:18remains a mystery to this day.

02:35:20Some have said that it was because the wood of these trees

02:35:22was intended for the manufacture of furniture

02:35:24or even for the construction of boats.

02:35:26But whatever it is,

02:35:28the exploitation of this forest has ended up being abandoned.

02:35:30The Sayba Pantandra

02:35:32or Cheesemonger,

02:35:34undertook to invade the ancient temples

02:35:36of Rome or Cambodia,

02:35:38creating a spectacular view.

02:35:40The massive branches of these trees

02:35:42have been free to grow on the structures

02:35:44since the Enlightenment,

02:35:46going back to the 12th century.

02:35:48The temples have since been restored

02:35:50and are accessible to tourists.

02:35:52The dragonfly grows in the Canary Islands,

02:35:54northwest of Africa.

02:35:56Locals said that once a dragon dies,

02:35:58it turns into a tree.

02:36:02With an impressive length of 15 metres,

02:36:04the tree produces a red sap

02:36:06that is called sandragon

02:36:08and can be harvested from the bark.

02:36:10This substance is still used today

02:36:12as a remedy or to create dyes.

02:36:14One of the largest,

02:36:16oldest and most impressive trees in the world

02:36:18is the Baobab of Sunland.

02:36:20It measures 22 metres high

02:36:22and has a circumference of 47 metres.

02:36:26It is located in South Africa.

02:36:28What makes it even more spectacular

02:36:30is the fact that it is naturally hollow inside.

02:36:32A small living room

02:36:34was installed inside the tree

02:36:36in 1933.

02:36:38Initially, it could accommodate

02:36:40up to 20 people,

02:36:42but it can now accommodate up to 60,

02:36:44not to mention that the tree

02:36:46is more than 6,000 years old.

02:36:48The white dragonfly

02:36:50has spread to Scandinavia

02:36:52and northeast Europe

02:36:54and has found a way to reflect light.

02:36:56Its bark has become lighter

02:36:58and, during the cold season,

02:37:00it can be seen as a winter fairy tale.

02:37:02The tree has also developed

02:37:04a partnership with a mushroom

02:37:06that connects to its roots

02:37:08and spreads under the forest,

02:37:10recovering the nutrients

02:37:12that trees cannot reach.

02:37:14For its services,

02:37:16the tree gives back sugar to the mushroom.

02:37:18The companion of the work is toxic

02:37:20and must not be consumed by people.

02:37:22This amanita is easy to recognize,

02:37:24with its classic hat at the top

02:37:26and sprinkled with white.

02:37:28A natural festival to not miss

02:37:30is the season of cherry blossoms

02:37:32in Japan.

02:37:34The white-pink flower is deeply

02:37:36anchored in Japanese culture

02:37:38and goes hand in hand with a spiritual concept

02:37:40mono no aware,

02:37:42which translates to the fact

02:37:44that everything is ephemeral,

02:37:46even if everything seems perfect and beautiful.

02:37:48If you go to Japan one day,

02:37:50you will quickly see that the symbol

02:37:52of the cherry blossom is everywhere,

02:37:54from company logos to clothes

02:37:56as well as household items.

02:37:58The Yosemite National Park

02:38:00in the United States

02:38:02used to have an amazing tree structure

02:38:04that was transformed into a tunnel.

02:38:06It was a sequoia

02:38:0870 meters high.

02:38:10It was nicknamed Wawona,

02:38:12an Amerindian word

02:38:14for the hillock of the Ibu.

02:38:16The tree fell in 1969

02:38:18due to abundant snow,

02:38:20but it survived as an ecosystem

02:38:22for animals, plants and insects.

02:38:24The Yosemite National Park

02:38:26is a tunnel-shaped tree

02:38:28known as Penansia Baylissiana

02:38:30and the rarest plant on Earth.

02:38:32The Guinness Book of Records

02:38:34recorded only one tree of its kind

02:38:36off the coast of New Zealand.

02:38:38It has not always been so lonely,

02:38:40but humans have brought goats to the island

02:38:42that have nibbled all the other members

02:38:44of its family.

02:38:46Fortunately, scientists are looking

02:38:48for ways to plant new specimens.

02:38:50The moon, our faithful friend,

02:38:52accompanies us in this great dark and cold space.

02:38:54It is not surprising

02:38:56that all the events associated with it,

02:38:58such as solar or lunar eclipses,

02:39:00fascinate us.

02:39:02But what about the black moon,

02:39:04the blue moon, the super moon?

02:39:06Have you ever heard of them?

02:39:08Well, let me tell you everything

02:39:10and explain how you can observe them.

02:39:12Prepare your calendars.

02:39:14The distance between Earth and the moon

02:39:16is 384,472 km.

02:39:18Yes, I measured it.

02:39:20But believe me,

02:39:22most people greatly underestimate this distance.

02:39:24Did you know that all the planets

02:39:26in the solar system,

02:39:28including Jupiter and Saturn,

02:39:30could stand between the moon and us?

02:39:32I couldn't believe it myself.

02:39:34The moon is linked to Earth by its position.

02:39:36That's why it's always facing us

02:39:38with one side.

02:39:40There are several phases in a lunar cycle.

02:39:42The new moon is the first phase.

02:39:44The sun illuminates the hidden side of our satellite,

02:39:46so we can't see the moon.

02:39:48It is almost invisible in the sky.

02:39:50The crescent moon is the light part

02:39:52that gradually grows.

02:39:54The full moon is the phase

02:39:56during which the sun completely illuminates

02:39:58the visible phase.

02:40:00The descending moon is a progressive decline

02:40:02of the luminous part.

02:40:04And finally comes another new moon.

02:40:06And the entire cycle starts again.

02:40:08There are 29.5 days in a lunar cycle,

02:40:10so it takes about a month

02:40:12if we ignore the month of February.

02:40:14But why am I telling you all this?

02:40:16So that you can better understand

02:40:18the black moon.

02:40:20A rare astronomical event

02:40:22that occurs once every 29 months,

02:40:24that is, two and a half years.

02:40:26This term does not exist in astronomy.

02:40:28It was invented by astrologers.

02:40:30It is not official and has several meanings.

02:40:32The black moon can mean

02:40:34the second new moon in a month.

02:40:36Usually, there is only one new moon per month,

02:40:38to have two, and therefore a rare phenomenon.

02:40:40This is due to a slight offset

02:40:42between the lunar cycle

02:40:44and the annual cycle of the Earth.

02:40:46A bit like the bisextile years.

02:40:48The black moon can also mean something else.

02:40:50For example, usually

02:40:52there are only three new moons per season.

02:40:54Basically, a new moon

02:40:56every 30 days.

02:40:58However, if there are four,

02:41:00the black moon means the third.

02:41:02There are also less popular meanings.

02:41:04For example, this is how

02:41:06people call the month of February

02:41:08when there are no new moons or full moons.

02:41:10This happens about once every 19 years.

02:41:12But what is so special about it?

02:41:14The satellite is entirely hidden in the sky

02:41:16during a new normal moon.

02:41:18But during a black moon,

02:41:20you will be able to see its dark silhouette.

02:41:22You will have to choose a good place

02:41:24without light from the city.

02:41:26If you live in a big city,

02:41:28you will have trouble seeing it without a telescope.

02:41:30In addition, as the sky becomes black

02:41:32during this phenomenon,

02:41:34you will be able to see different constellations

02:41:36that were hidden before,

02:41:38as well as Jupiter and Venus.

02:41:40The last time this phenomenon occurred

02:41:42was on April 30, 2022.

02:41:44You could see it in most regions of the United States,

02:41:46with the exception of areas of the Pacific Ocean,

02:41:48Alaska or Hawaii.

02:41:50Aloha!

02:41:52Yes, unfortunately, if this is the first time

02:41:54you hear about the black moon,

02:41:56you have already missed it.

02:41:58You will now have to wait another two and a half years.

02:42:00The next black moon

02:42:02will take place in September 2024

02:42:04according to the standard method

02:42:06and on May 19, 2023

02:42:08But don't worry,

02:42:10you will still be able to see another astronomical event.

02:42:12Once upon a time,

02:42:14there was a blue moon.

02:42:16I'm not kidding, I'm serious.

02:42:18You can still see the blue moon.

02:42:20Well, not literally, of course.

02:42:22The moon doesn't turn blue,

02:42:24it's just what astronomers call

02:42:26the second full moon in a month.

02:42:28Black and blue moons are similar by definition,

02:42:30but they are actually opposite.

02:42:32If the black moon is a second

02:42:34new rare moon in a month,

02:42:36the blue moon is a second rare full moon.

02:42:38They also occur both

02:42:40every 29 months.

02:42:42Not so rare, is it?

02:42:44It is quite ironic that this event

02:42:46is called the blue moon.

02:42:48The folklorist Philip Hiscock

02:42:50assumes that the term blue moon

02:42:52in its calendar version

02:42:54was invented by the Almanac

02:42:56of Maine farmers in 1937.

02:42:58Another interesting astronomical event

02:43:00is called the super moon.

02:43:02Fill up your telescope and look for hills

02:43:04that are exceptionally bright and large,

02:43:06like the ones we only see in movies.

02:43:08What exactly does a super moon mean?

02:43:10You see, the moon does not

02:43:12rotate around the Earth

02:43:14in a circular orbit.

02:43:16Its orbit is elliptical,

02:43:18and the place where it is closest to the Earth

02:43:20is called perigee.

02:43:22A super moon is a phenomenon

02:43:24that occurs when the full moon

02:43:26coincides with the perigee.

02:43:28For this reason, it seems particularly

02:43:30large and bright to us.

02:43:32It is 14% larger

02:43:34and 30% brighter than usual.

02:43:36This phenomenon is often confused

02:43:38with the lunar illusion.

02:43:40During the lunar illusion,

02:43:42the moon is low above the horizon

02:43:44and appears to be visually larger.

02:43:48Of the 12 or 13 full annual moons,

02:43:503 or 4 are super moons.

02:43:52But most of them are not very significant.

02:43:54You will probably not see

02:43:56any difference at all.

02:43:58The most interesting are the large and rare super moons.

02:44:00During this one,

02:44:02the moon becomes really large.

02:44:04The last large super moon occurred in 2016.

02:44:06Unfortunately, large super moons

02:44:08are rare and occur

02:44:10about once every 18 years.

02:44:12The next one will occur

02:44:14only in 2034,

02:44:16but we can observe smaller super moons

02:44:18quite frequently.

02:44:20In 2022, they will take place on June 14

02:44:22and July 16.

02:44:24There is also an opposite phenomenon

02:44:26called micro-moon.

02:44:28You probably already guessed

02:44:30what it means.

02:44:32It occurs when the full moon is

02:44:34at its farthest point from the Earth.

02:44:36This point is called apogee.

02:44:38The next micro-moon, in 2022,

02:44:40took place on June 29.

02:44:42In 2023, we can observe it

02:44:44on January 7,

02:44:46February 5 and August 16.

02:44:48Of course, you don't have to

02:44:50follow each of these events.

02:44:52Most people are more interested

02:44:54in lunar and solar eclipses.

02:44:56Are you one of the people who

02:44:58confuse these two events?

02:45:00Do the test.

02:45:02Pause this video.

02:45:04Describe what these two eclipses mean.

02:45:06Compare your answer with

02:45:08the correct definition.

02:45:10Are you back?

02:45:12OK.

02:45:14So, a solar eclipse is a phenomenon

02:45:16where the moon entirely or partially

02:45:18covers the sun.

02:45:20A solar eclipse is possible

02:45:22only during the new moon,

02:45:24when the moon is near

02:45:26the node of its orbit.

02:45:28If you guessed right, bravo!

02:45:30Otherwise, don't worry.

02:45:32Many people confuse them.

02:45:34In 2022, a partial solar eclipse

02:45:36will take place on October 25.

02:45:38It will be visible in Europe,

02:45:40in South and West Asia,

02:45:42in North and East Africa,

02:45:44and in the Atlantic.

02:45:46It will also be visible in the

02:45:48Pacific Ocean,

02:45:50in the Atlantic Ocean,

02:45:52in North and East Asia,

02:45:54and in the Atlantic.

02:45:56As I mentioned, a total solar eclipse

02:45:58is not as rare as many people think.

02:46:00But the problem is that it is not

02:46:02always visible from any part of the planet.

02:46:04So if you want to see this event,

02:46:06make sure to check the calendar

02:46:08and see from which part of the Earth

02:46:10you can see it.

02:46:12And don't forget special glasses!

02:46:14However, lunar eclipses are

02:46:16much more frequent.

02:46:18Partial lunar eclipses occur

02:46:20from October 25 to November 8.

02:46:22You will be able to see it

02:46:24in almost all regions of the world,

02:46:26except in Africa.

02:46:28I heard that the zebras were

02:46:30downright disgusted.

02:46:32The Moon is a really fascinating

02:46:34satellite. You think it's just

02:46:36a small ball of rock.

02:46:38But in reality, there are so many

02:46:40interesting events related to it.

02:46:42What rare lunar events have you seen

02:46:44or want to see in your life?

02:46:46Have you observed rare and fascinating

02:46:48lunar events?

02:46:50Do not hesitate to share them in the comments.

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