Ces phénomènes prouvent que la Terre joue avec nous

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Transcript

00:00:00You are in the Atacama desert, north of Chile.

00:00:04It is one of the driest places on the planet.

00:00:07But this desert hides a pretty secret.

00:00:09Every 3 to 5 years, flowers grow from nowhere.

00:00:14That's why it's called the flowery desert.

00:00:17Seeds rest in the ground, waiting for just a little rain.

00:00:21When the desert receives enough water, about 200 types of flowers grow.

00:00:26The Atacama sand is made up of purple, white, green and pink.

00:00:32Another phenomenon that can be observed in the desert is the sand waterfall.

00:00:36When the wind pushes a lot of sand along a canyon, it starts to fall.

00:00:41If there is really a lot of it, it creates a sand waterfall, like in Saudi Arabia.

00:00:46It looks like the Niagara Falls, but without water.

00:00:49Locals say that this phenomenon comes from an imminent sandstorm.

00:00:54The circle of fairies, also known as the circle of fairies, or mycelium annular,

00:01:00are mysterious circles of mushrooms that appear in prairies and forest areas.

00:01:05The reason why these perfect circles appear is the subject of many debates.

00:01:10Some superstitions claim that the dance of fairies would burn the ground,

00:01:14causing the growth of mushrooms.

00:01:17In southern India, between July and September 2001,

00:01:21people have witnessed one of the strangest meteorological phenomena in history.

00:01:26Red rain.

00:01:28The color was bright enough to stain clothes.

00:01:31There have also been rains of other colors, such as green, yellow, brown and even black.

00:01:37In the middle of the mushroom, a red rain began to fall periodically,

00:01:41and this over several weeks.

00:01:43Researchers have discovered that this rain was tinted with dust or algae,

00:01:48so avoid catching drops on your tongue.

00:01:51Scientists do not know how these algae could get there.

00:01:55This makes such events a little disturbing.

00:01:58People who live in the Esthalen valley in Norway

00:02:02often see white, yellow and red lights floating in the sky.

00:02:07They appear day and night.

00:02:10In the 1980s, they were observed 15 to 20 times in a single week.

00:02:15These lights can last a few seconds to more than an hour.

00:02:19They literally seem to swing in the air.

00:02:22Some scientists think that the reason for this phenomenon is due to ionized iron dust.

00:02:27Others say it is a combustion of sodium, oxygen and hydrogen.

00:02:32Many people claim that it is simply an airplane.

00:02:36Snowballs are one of the rarest meteorological curiosities to see,

00:02:41because it takes perfect weather conditions for them to form.

00:02:44In all snow-covered mountainous regions,

00:02:47wind, temperature, snow, ice and humidity must come together to create these strange snowballs.

00:02:54It all starts with a thin layer of wet snow on the ground.

00:02:57Under this layer must be ice or powder snow.

00:03:01A strong enough breeze can then take this snow off

00:03:04and make it roll down a hill like a snowball.

00:03:08These snowballs can be the size of a baseball or even a car tire.

00:03:12It all depends on the strength of the wind.

00:03:14These snowballs don't stay in place for long, so take a quick picture.

00:03:19Did you know that there is a place on Earth with its own ecosystem and its own atmosphere?

00:03:25The Movile cave, located in the southeast of Romania,

00:03:29has remained closed in total darkness for 5.5 million years.

00:03:34It was only when workers discovered it, while they were looking for a place to build, that it came to life.

00:03:40Scientists dug an opening in the cave

00:03:43and discovered that a totally viable and unique ecosystem was developing inside.

00:03:49By digging a path through the rock and through many tunnels,

00:03:53scientists discovered a lake of sulfurous water that smelled like rotten eggs.

00:03:58The air was filled with hydrogen sulfide

00:04:01and contained 100 times more carbon dioxide than the Earth's atmosphere.

00:04:05Needless to say, this air is toxic.

00:04:07But the craziest thing is that this cave housed an entire ecosystem,

00:04:12with 33 species that can't be found anywhere else on Earth.

00:04:16This cave gives us a glimpse of what could exist on other planets,

00:04:20with completely different atmospheres.

00:04:23The simple fact that it existed on Earth during all this time,

00:04:26without anyone knowing it, is pretty incredible, isn't it?

00:04:30Look at these trees.

00:04:32These are rubber figs.

00:04:34Their strong roots don't grow underground, but on the surface.

00:04:38With the help of tutors and special ties, people have learned to control the way their roots grow.

00:04:44Imagine that one of these trees is next to a pit where you want to build a bridge.

00:04:49You just have to direct its roots in the desired direction.

00:04:52Over time, the roots penetrate the ground and strengthen under the incessant winds.

00:04:57It takes about 15 years to build a bridge.

00:05:01Here is another amazing tree, called the tree of life.

00:05:04It grows in the Bahrain desert.

00:05:07This tree has been standing at the top of a sand dune for more than 400 years,

00:05:11in the middle of nowhere.

00:05:13It is extremely hot here, and there is no humidity.

00:05:16But despite everything, the tree has green leaves, and it continues to grow.

00:05:21So far, scientists have not yet understood where it gets its moisture and nutrients from.

00:05:27There are only oil wells all around.

00:05:29The inhabitants of the region believe that this tree is sacred.

00:05:32After all, it demonstrates the magic of life and the power of nature.

00:05:37Some experts are sure that everything comes from its roots.

00:05:40They are so deep that they can reach distant sources.

00:05:44Imagine that you have been driving all night.

00:05:47You haven't slept, and your mind starts to wander.

00:05:50You stop the car, and you go out to stretch your legs.

00:05:53You then look at the sky and see a magnificent sunrise.

00:05:57But wait, there are three suns in the sky?

00:06:01You rub your eyes, but there are still three shiny balls in the sky.

00:06:05No, you're not hallucinating.

00:06:07This is what is called a parallelepiped, or false sun.

00:06:11This occurs especially during strong frosts.

00:06:13Two small crystals of ice floating in the sky distort the light.

00:06:17That's why you think you see three bright spots in the sky instead of just one.

00:06:22This phenomenon is officially called a halo.

00:06:25Usually, it is often a circle around the sun.

00:06:29This phenomenon can also occur at night.

00:06:32Just look at a lamp to see a bright halo appear around it.

00:06:37Sometimes a halo can take on a more fanciful shape.

00:06:40The more ice there is in the air, the more the light will be distorted.

00:06:44A bit like in a room full of mirrors.

00:06:47A halo can even take the shape of a human eye.

00:06:50Because of this phenomenon, a false dawn can occur.

00:06:54When you look at the horizon, the sun seems to rise.

00:06:57Then it begins to dissolve into the sky and it is night again.

00:07:01And it is only a minute later that the true sun finally appears.

00:07:06It is the same effect of light curvature that you saw with the three suns.

00:07:10Except that there, the light is curved vertically and not horizontally.

00:07:15And instead of the true sun, it is its reflection in the ice crystals that has appeared.

00:07:19But there is a sunrise showing three stars on the horizon.

00:07:23Not on Earth, but 340 light-years away.

00:07:27There is a stellar system in the center of which a star is hidden,

00:07:30almost twice as large as the sun,

00:07:33with two small stars orbiting around it.

00:07:36This strange system also has a planet.

00:07:39Sunrises and sunsets therefore occur with three stars.

00:07:43If you organize a hangover on a bench to watch a sunset,

00:07:47it should go very well.

00:07:50And since we are talking about the most disturbing natural phenomena,

00:07:53what about snow in a desert?

00:07:56During the winter of 2018, the inhabitants of the Sahara desert,

00:08:00one of the warmest and driest places on our planet,

00:08:03woke up discovering a thick layer of snow on the sand.

00:08:07In some places, this layer of snow reached a thickness of nearly 40 cm.

00:08:13Meteorologists have found an explanation for this phenomenon.

00:08:16They said that the cold air masses, combined with the last precipitation,

00:08:20had caused a snowfall instead of a simple rain.

00:08:23So what can we do in this case?

00:08:26Snow camels? We need one or two bosses!

00:08:31Here is John.

00:08:33John seems to attract bad weather and all kinds of natural disasters wherever he goes.

00:08:40One day, John notices that his dog is agitated.

00:08:43The dog does not stop scratching on the front door and getting agitated in the house.

00:08:47He even tries to hide in a corner by howling and barking.

00:08:51When cups start to tingle in the closet, John understands what that means.

00:08:56The noise is produced by precursor shocks,

00:08:58mini-earthquakes that precede the main event.

00:09:01Earthquakes often occur in groups.

00:09:04After a few weak earthquakes, it is likely that a bigger one is in preparation.

00:09:09Preceding the disaster, we can also notice strange blue lights.

00:09:13Some of them seem to come out of the ground, others float in the air.

00:09:18These are earthquake lights.

00:09:21They can appear several days or a few seconds before the ground starts to shake.

00:09:26Now, John walks along the coast of the ocean.

00:09:29Suddenly, he sees the water retreat from the beach at lightning speed.

00:09:33John, my friend, flees as quickly as possible and finds a high point.

00:09:38A tsunami is coming and your life could depend on the speed of your reaction.

00:09:43If John spots an unexpected rise in the sea level,

00:09:46it could be another sign of the approach of a tsunami.

00:09:49This happens in 40% of cases.

00:09:52The incoming water is the first wave of the tsunami.

00:09:55The second, much, much bigger, will arrive about 10 minutes later.

00:09:59John can also notice that the sea water is boiling,

00:10:02swirling and creating strange patterns.

00:10:05It is another sign that a tsunami is coming.

00:10:10Now, John feels that something is wrong with the sun.

00:10:14Through his very polarized special sunglasses,

00:10:17he sees irregular eruptions around the star's outline.

00:10:21If these strange rays are accompanied by aurorae all over the world,

00:10:24they are the sign of a solar storm.

00:10:27These storms are generally caused by disturbances in the magnetic field of the sun.

00:10:32In this case, the explosions of gas and radiation on the surface of the sun

00:10:36become so massive and powerful that they can even reach our planet.

00:10:40Fortunately, solar storms are not really dangerous for people,

00:10:44but they can disrupt the electrical network and even cause breakdowns.

00:10:48The sky above John's head darkens and becomes sinisterly green.

00:10:52Something hits him on the forehead.

00:10:54Ouch! He picks up the object in question.

00:10:56It's a hail.

00:10:58However, it is not so cold outside and it does not rain.

00:11:02Soon, he hears a noise approaching quickly and turns into a loud roar.

00:11:07It looks like a freight train is rushing towards him,

00:11:10but it is not a train, it is a tornado.

00:11:13The hailstorm is not visible behind a cloud of debris,

00:11:16but John cannot confuse this air column in rotation with something else.

00:11:21Are you on the road, John?

00:11:23Then get as far away from your car as possible.

00:11:25Quickly, find a ditch, lie down in it and cover your head.

00:11:28Are you inside?

00:11:30Then get away from the windows and go down to the basement if possible.

00:11:34And please be very careful if you see conical-shaped clouds.

00:11:38This means violent storms.

00:11:41And if you notice that such a cloud is starting to turn on itself,

00:11:44immediately look for shelter.

00:11:46Immediately look for shelter.

00:11:48The cloud is turning into a tornado under your eyes.

00:11:51The good news is that John only has to worry about hot conical clouds,

00:11:54because cold clouds are totally harmless.

00:11:57The only problem is that you have to be able to determine the temperature of the cloud just by looking at it.

00:12:02Here, John has just spotted strange-shaped trees.

00:12:05They look like the letter J and grow on a slit.

00:12:08This means that the ground under John's feet is probably unstable.

00:12:12If he continues to walk here, it could cause a dangerous landslide.

00:12:17Square waves appear when two forms of different waves collide with each other.

00:12:22This phenomenon is rather beautiful to see, but...

00:12:24No, don't go in the water, John.

00:12:26Keep looking at it from the shore.

00:12:28Cross currents at this place can easily cause even the most experienced swimmer to drown.

00:12:34John continues to walk along the shore.

00:12:36At some point, he sees violent and agitated waves carrying ocean debris and algae.

00:12:42This time, he stays out of the water.

00:12:44He knows that this can be a sign of a strong current of return,

00:12:47which can take a swimmer very far offshore.

00:12:51What would you say now about a walk in the park?

00:12:53John likes this idea.

00:12:55The sun shines and the sky is so blue.

00:12:58Suddenly, he sees a vertical cloud that grows rapidly.

00:13:02At first, it looks like a bright white,

00:13:04but as it approaches at an alarming speed, it becomes dense and ink-colored.

00:13:09The sky darkens, there begins to be wind.

00:13:12It is then that John notices that his hair stands on end.

00:13:16This is the sign that he is about to be hit by lightning.

00:13:19At this precise moment, positive charges rise from his body.

00:13:22They are directed towards the negatively charged part of the storm.

00:13:25If he does not react quickly, these charges will meet.

00:13:29There is nowhere to hide,

00:13:31so John has to crouch down and try to make himself smaller than the objects around him.

00:13:36Oh no, John, don't lie on the ground.

00:13:38He may be wet and is therefore an electrician.

00:13:43There are other signs that indicate the danger during an electric storm.

00:13:47John's palms may start to sweat.

00:13:49He may hear strange cracks and rumbles coming from nearby metal objects.

00:13:54His skin may start to itch.

00:13:56He may feel a strange metallic taste in his mouth.

00:13:59In addition, it is likely that John smells chlorine, which is ozone.

00:14:05Electric charges divide nitrogen and oxygen molecules,

00:14:09which are the main gases in the atmosphere, into separate atoms.

00:14:13When these atoms meet again,

00:14:15some of them produce molecules made up of three oxygen atoms.

00:14:19It's ozone.

00:14:20You can smell it during a storm,

00:14:22because the descending currents bring this gas from high altitudes to our level.

00:14:27Some insects can feel a storm coming.

00:14:30They prepare for the natural disaster by freezing.

00:14:33So when John notices that the insects around him seem to be sleepy,

00:14:36he knows he has to prepare.

00:14:38Oh, and bees can predict heavy rainstorms.

00:14:41They start to work much harder the day before it starts to rain.

00:14:47As he walks near the river during a period of heavy rain,

00:14:50John hears a rustle.

00:14:52He is paralyzed by fear.

00:14:54It is probably a sudden rainstorm heading in his direction.

00:14:58Indeed, he soon sees debris descending with the current.

00:15:02The water quickly changes color, becoming muddy and dark.

00:15:06Lightning storms are very dangerous.

00:15:08So take shelter right away, Johnny.

00:15:12Another day, John sees a spectacular wall cloud.

00:15:15It seems to extend over 8 kilometers.

00:15:17In the best case, it is simply a violent storm coming.

00:15:21But if the wall cloud begins to move in circles,

00:15:24it is the sign of a tornado.

00:15:28John walks on an ice field in the mountains,

00:15:30listening to the sounds of the ice under his feet.

00:15:34The noise is rather hollow.

00:15:36Quick, John, check if there are cracks around your footprints.

00:15:40If so, there is a good chance that an avalanche is about to occur.

00:15:44Soon, John actually sees an avalanche moving in his direction.

00:15:50He does his best to leave the slope.

00:15:52In most cases, he could probably distance it

00:15:54by heading down the slope,

00:15:56then heading to the side.

00:15:59But not this time.

00:16:00He realizes he doesn't have enough time

00:16:02and heads for the nearest tree.

00:16:04If John hangs on very tight,

00:16:05the avalanche may not drag him.

00:16:07But if it doesn't work,

00:16:09he must try to swim to the surface of the avalanche

00:16:12while it is still moving.

00:16:14On a beautiful summer evening,

00:16:15John notices that leaves with flexible stems

00:16:17are disappearing all of a sudden.

00:16:19Ah, it may be because of a storm to come.

00:16:21Just before the arrival of a storm,

00:16:23the air generally becomes more humid,

00:16:25the leaves also become wet and heavy,

00:16:27and the wind returns them easily.

00:16:31John lives in a fairly old house

00:16:33and is used to seeing cracks in the inner walls.

00:16:36But one day, he notices that some of them have widened.

00:16:39And look, there is also news.

00:16:41It's an alarm signal.

00:16:43He lives in a very limestone region,

00:16:45so new cracks can mean

00:16:47that a gulf is about to open

00:16:49next to his house.

00:16:51John rushes home

00:16:52trying not to waste time

00:16:54admiring the thick clouds.

00:16:56It looks like a sci-fi movie.

00:16:58It forms when hot and humid air

00:17:01is caught in a stormy current.

00:17:03And these bad weather clouds

00:17:05mean that a storm is coming.

00:17:09Have you ever wondered

00:17:11what was the longest period of rain without interruption?

00:17:14Even an hour of rain can be a big deal

00:17:16if you hang around in a dry place

00:17:18like the Atacama Desert in South America.

00:17:20It can be a record for this kind of place.

00:17:23But in very rainy regions,

00:17:25like the Amazon rainforest,

00:17:27nobody will remember 40 days of rain in a row.

00:17:30Interestingly,

00:17:32we only have precipitation data

00:17:34where people follow it.

00:17:36Many cities don't collect any data of this kind.

00:17:39And there are a lot of places

00:17:41uninhabited on Earth,

00:17:43like tropical forests or the ocean.

00:17:45Our knowledge of precipitation

00:17:47is therefore a bit unequal.

00:17:49If we want to talk about records,

00:17:51Hawaii has a few.

00:17:53People there live long days in the rain,

00:17:55especially on islands where the wind blows towards the mountains.

00:17:58From 1939 to 1940,

00:18:00they recorded 331 days in a row

00:18:02with measurable precipitation.

00:18:04If you are the kind of person

00:18:06to look at the rain behind your window

00:18:08with a cup of tea,

00:18:10it will seem ideal to you.

00:18:12But we all need to see the sun

00:18:14at least from time to time.

00:18:16Taking a little sun is good for the body and mind.

00:18:18It allows you to absorb vitamin D.

00:18:205 to 15 minutes of sun

00:18:22a few times a week

00:18:24will make a big difference.

00:18:26Have you ever heard the expression

00:18:28sunny mood?

00:18:30Researchers have discovered

00:18:32that people feel a little depressed

00:18:34when there is not a lot of sun around them.

00:18:36Sunny days make us happy.

00:18:38The sun stimulates serotonin,

00:18:40which fights blues.

00:18:42And this solar serotonin

00:18:44does not only help your mood.

00:18:46It also helps you sleep.

00:18:48And it's also a heart assistant.

00:18:50When the sun touches your skin,

00:18:52it releases nitric acid,

00:18:54which lowers your blood pressure.

00:18:56With a healthy blood pressure,

00:18:58we have a healthier heart.

00:19:00Now go tell that to people

00:19:02who have had to endure

00:19:04881 consecutive days of rain.

00:19:06Yes, the record has been set.

00:19:08Almost 3 full years of rain.

00:19:10It went from 1913 to 1916

00:19:12in Onomumaki, Hawaii.

00:19:14It rained like never before.

00:19:16The region, as you may know,

00:19:18is a humid tropical forest.

00:19:20The humidity rises in the sky

00:19:22and cools down a little.

00:19:24When this air cools down,

00:19:26these molecules collide

00:19:28and form a cloudy cloud.

00:19:30After that, inside this cloud,

00:19:32things get more fun.

00:19:34The air, moving,

00:19:36can sometimes make

00:19:38these droplets collide

00:19:40and thicken.

00:19:42They can then turn into

00:19:44ice crystals at the top of the cloud,

00:19:46where it is cold.

00:19:48The rain is quite heavy

00:19:50and crumbles and turns into rain.

00:19:52But there is not just one type of rain.

00:19:54It can come from all kinds of storms.

00:19:56The storms appear,

00:19:58soak everything,

00:20:00then continue their way.

00:20:02They can pour tons of rain

00:20:04in a blink of an eye.

00:20:06Winter storms, on the other hand,

00:20:08are calmer.

00:20:10They stay there for days

00:20:12and pour a thin rain

00:20:14or even snow if it's cold enough.

00:20:16After the storm comes the sun

00:20:18and the air dries up.

00:20:20We can enjoy the clear sky.

00:20:22But things can get interesting

00:20:24if you are in a mountainous area

00:20:26close to the ocean.

00:20:28When the humid air of the sea

00:20:30reaches the mountains,

00:20:32it is forced to climb them,

00:20:34which creates precipitation

00:20:36that sometimes lasts weeks.

00:20:38And if I told you that there was

00:20:40a time on Earth when the rain

00:20:42fell continuously for 2 million years

00:20:44once the Permian era ended

00:20:46about 234 million years ago

00:20:48I was not yet born,

00:20:50but I read articles on the subject.

00:20:52The Trias began, marked by a long period

00:20:54of precipitation.

00:20:56This phenomenon is today called

00:20:58the most vile episode of the Carnian.

00:21:00It is not me who decided on this name.

00:21:02Recent studies,

00:21:04tested by evidence,

00:21:06suggest that in fact the fate of the planet

00:21:08has not been upset and that there has been,

00:21:10in truth, coal combustion

00:21:12and continuous rain.

00:21:14This is what breaks a solid myth.

00:21:16A good thing done.

00:21:18Then we have the colonial joints.

00:21:20A sophisticated term to designate

00:21:22the amusing patterns that form

00:21:24in the lava flows, the layers,

00:21:26the digs and other rocky elements.

00:21:28There are all shapes

00:21:30and all sizes.

00:21:32Most of them are in the form

00:21:34of straight and parallel columns.

00:21:36Others have curves and variable widths.

00:21:38They can reach a height of 3,000 cm.

00:21:40Finally, 30 meters.

00:21:46These columns are formed by pressure

00:21:48and cooling.

00:21:50When the lava cools,

00:21:52it shrinks and cracks.

00:21:54Once a crack has formed,

00:21:56the lava moves.

00:21:58These cracks extend

00:22:00on the surface of the flow.

00:22:02Water seeps into the lava,

00:22:04which makes it cool quickly

00:22:06starting from the surface,

00:22:08which is a place to visit

00:22:10if you want to see colonial joints.

00:22:12But hey,

00:22:14there are everywhere in the world.

00:22:16Let's open our eyes.

00:22:18The show will be magical.

00:22:20The arcs in the sky of fire,

00:22:22also called horizontal arcs,

00:22:24look like flames dancing on the clouds.

00:22:26To see these magnificent things,

00:22:28you need cirruses

00:22:30and the sun to be at least

00:22:3258 degrees high.

00:22:34This is a collaboration

00:22:36Let's see this in more detail.

00:22:38Take London, for example.

00:22:40The city is about 51 degrees

00:22:42north.

00:22:44So, sorry Londoners,

00:22:46no arc in the sky of fire for you.

00:22:48Now, let's go

00:22:50to the deep waters to see

00:22:52the circles of underwater culture.

00:22:54These are circular, giant patterns

00:22:56discovered in 1995 near the southern

00:22:58coasts of Japan.

00:23:00The inhabitants were puzzled.

00:23:02They nicknamed them the mysterious circles.

00:23:04It was as if the ocean had a secret talent

00:23:06for sculpture on sand.

00:23:08The mystery was solved in 2011.

00:23:10The improbable artist

00:23:12turned out to be a tiny globefish

00:23:14barely 13 centimeters long.

00:23:16Researchers have discovered

00:23:18that males spent between 7 and 9 days

00:23:20building their circles

00:23:22by swimming and using their fins

00:23:24to dig valleys in the sandy soil.

00:23:26They decorate the peaks of their

00:23:28creations with pieces of

00:23:30shells and corals,

00:23:32turning their sculptures into masterpieces.

00:23:34Okay, they don't do it

00:23:36for the love of art.

00:23:38These circles have a function.

00:23:40The sandy center of the circle

00:23:42serves as a nest.

00:23:44By swimming, the males stir all this

00:23:46and it attracts the sand

00:23:48exactly to the desired place.

00:23:50When a female globefish swims,

00:23:52the male turns, flutters and dances,

00:23:54making the sand swirl around him.

00:23:56If she is impressed and thinks

00:23:58she is a bad boy,

00:24:00she will be happy.

00:24:02Now let's look at the flowers of a globefish.

00:24:04You may have seen thin ice sheets

00:24:06that look like petals

00:24:08and sometimes have plant stems.

00:24:10They are about as thick

00:24:12as a credit card.

00:24:14They form when it is cold,

00:24:16when the soil is wet but not frozen,

00:24:18and the plant stems either.

00:24:20All plants do not produce

00:24:22these globefish flowers.

00:24:24The conditions must be met.

00:24:26Here's how it works.

00:24:28The water contained in the stem

00:24:30of a plant is extracted from the ground.

00:24:32When it freezes, it expands

00:24:34and breaks the stem vertically.

00:24:36In contact with the cold air,

00:24:38it turns into ice.

00:24:40As the water is sucked by the globe,

00:24:42it continues to grow

00:24:44into very thin layers of ice.

00:24:46The length of the crack determines

00:24:48whether the globefish flower

00:24:50will look like a thin ribbon

00:24:52or a wide ribbon.

00:24:54And the way it wraps

00:24:56around the sides of the crack.

00:24:58These globefish flowers are unique

00:25:00and delicate, and they do not last long.

00:25:02They disappear quickly.

00:25:04To spot them,

00:25:06keep an eye on tall grass,

00:25:08especially in shallow places.

00:25:10Giant vernoni,

00:25:12walls, verbecina virginica

00:25:14are good candidates.

00:25:20You are lying on the grass,

00:25:22looking at the blue sky,

00:25:24and the rays of the sun.

00:25:26You look at clouds of different shapes,

00:25:28rising slowly,

00:25:30very high in the air.

00:25:32Suddenly, you hear a distant rumbling.

00:25:34You then notice

00:25:36a gigantic cloud in front of you.

00:25:38But it is not so much its size

00:25:40that frightens you.

00:25:42It is its shape.

00:25:44It is not necessarily a bad omen.

00:25:46In fact, it is not even a cloud.

00:25:48A few years ago,

00:25:50a huge skull formed

00:25:52from a thick smoke

00:25:54above the Vesuvius in Italy.

00:25:56It is the same volcano

00:25:58that destroyed the city of Pompeii

00:26:00a long time ago.

00:26:02Of course, at that time,

00:26:04many people were afraid

00:26:06that the volcano would erupt again.

00:26:08But, fortunately,

00:26:10it is still submerged in a deep sleep.

00:26:12It is only a forest fire

00:26:14that created this skull-shaped cloud.

00:26:16But some inhabitants thought

00:26:18that this fire had been deliberately lit.

00:26:20Centralia, Pennsylvania.

00:26:22Population?

00:26:24Well, look for yourself.

00:26:26It's scary.

00:26:28No trees, no animals, no people.

00:26:30All the buildings are empty.

00:26:32The roads are crevassed

00:26:34and covered with gravel.

00:26:36No cars either.

00:26:38Smoke everywhere.

00:26:40This city has been burning for more than 50 years.

00:26:42Centralia was a mining city.

00:26:44Its inhabitants began

00:26:46to use an abandoned coal mine

00:26:48as a discharge.

00:26:50Then, according to many sources,

00:26:52the city decided to set fire to it.

00:26:54This plan was a real fiasco.

00:26:56Let's see what happened here.

00:26:58The fire of debris

00:27:00infiltrated into the galleries of the mine.

00:27:02It ignited the coal

00:27:04that was there

00:27:06and since then it burns permanently.

00:27:08The level of carbon dioxide has increased

00:27:10and we had to close

00:27:12the other surrounding mines for safety.

00:27:14No one was able to stop this fire

00:27:16and this underground fire spread

00:27:18throughout the city.

00:27:20The roads began to heat up,

00:27:22the ground was furnished

00:27:24and the streets were slowly filled

00:27:26with smoke and fog.

00:27:28In 2017, there were only 5 inhabitants left.

00:27:30Welcome to Lake Abraham in Canada.

00:27:32It's completely frozen.

00:27:34If you try to see what's under the ice,

00:27:36you won't see any fish.

00:27:38Just mysterious frozen bubbles.

00:27:40They look like small clouds

00:27:42caught in the ice

00:27:44or like jellyfish

00:27:46that forgot to put on their doodoo.

00:27:48These thousands of bubbles

00:27:50are made of methane.

00:27:52But don't try to dig a hole

00:27:54in the ice to touch them.

00:27:56Methane is flammable.

00:27:58It is created by bacteria

00:28:00that break down the leaves,

00:28:02grass, insects

00:28:04and other organic substances

00:28:06that are in the lake.

00:28:08When methane touches the ice,

00:28:10it forms small frozen bubbles

00:28:12and when they melt,

00:28:14they burst.

00:28:16There are similar lakes

00:28:18near some coasts of the Arctic Ocean.

00:28:20Here, the size of the bubbles

00:28:22can reach several times

00:28:24the size of a mongrel.

00:28:26Pretty, but dangerous.

00:28:28Our next lake

00:28:30is located in Indonesia

00:28:32on Java Island.

00:28:34You arrive in front of a large volcano

00:28:36covered by grass and trees.

00:28:38It seems asleep,

00:28:40but it doesn't escape.

00:28:42You decide to climb to the top.

00:28:44Exhausted, sweaty,

00:28:46you get there and look into the crater.

00:28:48Hmm, no boiling lava,

00:28:50but a magnificent turquoise lake.

00:28:52It looks like an oasis.

00:28:54It's the perfect time

00:28:56for a refreshing swim.

00:28:58You run down

00:29:00and are ready to dive in the water.

00:29:02But it's not water,

00:29:04it's acid.

00:29:06Sulfuric gases infiltrate the lake

00:29:08and fill it with metals.

00:29:10When the gases touch it,

00:29:12it forms this beautiful turquoise water.

00:29:14I mean, this acid.

00:29:16It's better to go back to the nearest village,

00:29:18rest, and come back at night

00:29:20when it's cooler.

00:29:22In the dark, the lake seems to shine.

00:29:24Just above,

00:29:26you can see small luminous clouds bursting.

00:29:28Sulfuric gases come out of the lake,

00:29:30mix with the air

00:29:32and become bright blue.

00:29:34But don't get too close.

00:29:38In the air, underground,

00:29:40in the volcanoes, in the lakes,

00:29:42hmm, it's time to go to the sea.

00:29:44You get on a yacht and sail.

00:29:46No matter what,

00:29:48because the next phenomenon

00:29:50can happen anywhere in the world.

00:29:52The sea is calm,

00:29:54there is no wind,

00:29:56everything is peaceful.

00:29:58Wait, what is it?

00:30:00You hear a loud, very loud noise.

00:30:02Two seconds later,

00:30:04a gigantic wave rises from nowhere

00:30:06and hits your boat.

00:30:08It manages to stay afloat,

00:30:10and the huge wave disappears.

00:30:12You have just survived

00:30:14an accelerating wave.

00:30:16Some scientists think

00:30:18it happens when a surface current

00:30:20hits a strong headwind.

00:30:22Others say it happens

00:30:24when hot currents hit cold currents.

00:30:26Another theory

00:30:28is that of the association of small waves

00:30:30that end up forming a monstrous one.

00:30:32In some conditions,

00:30:34the waves would have some kind

00:30:36of superpower.

00:30:38Among all the waves in an area,

00:30:40there is one that sucks the energy

00:30:42of all the others.

00:30:44And when it is full,

00:30:46it releases everything.

00:30:48This could be the reason

00:30:50why this wave is so strong

00:30:52and only lasts for a moment.

00:30:54And what about the scary clouds?

00:30:56These are huge thunderstorms,

00:30:58gray and black walls blocking the sun,

00:31:00the moon and the stars.

00:31:02First, you relax in your garden,

00:31:04then you see thunderstorms.

00:31:06Then comes the storm,

00:31:08hail, floods

00:31:10and even tornadoes.

00:31:12They are easy to spot

00:31:14because of their thick, heavy and dark appearance.

00:31:16They can even light up from the inside

00:31:18because of the lightning.

00:31:20It's a scary cloud.

00:31:22But before you run away,

00:31:24let's see how they form.

00:31:26Clouds are like roller coasters.

00:31:28Imagine that you are a small drop of water

00:31:30and you see your friends in the ocean

00:31:32and you queue up for the new ride.

00:31:34Your turn is coming.

00:31:36You tie yourself up.

00:31:38Nothing happens.

00:31:40Then you start climbing, climbing.

00:31:42You see all your friends down there.

00:31:44They are very small.

00:31:46You keep climbing

00:31:48while waiting for the big jump.

00:31:50But nothing happens.

00:31:52Then you are so high

00:31:54that you find yourself in the clouds.

00:31:56It's not that scary.

00:31:58It's quite nice here.

00:32:00It's starting to get cold.

00:32:02You look around you.

00:32:04Everyone turns into beautiful ice crystals.

00:32:06It's so pretty.

00:32:08The clouds fill up.

00:32:10You are a bit narrow

00:32:12with all these other drops of water.

00:32:14Finally, what a nice little...

00:32:16Ah!

00:32:18The ride starts again

00:32:20and you fall into a free fall.

00:32:22First slowly, then faster and faster.

00:32:24Thousands of drops fall on the ground.

00:32:26Some of them cling to the ramp.

00:32:28Others laugh and raise their arms in the air.

00:32:30Woohoo!

00:32:32Splash!

00:32:34Scary!

00:32:36However, I prefer the ride of lightning.

00:32:38It's the one where you play

00:32:40very high in the clouds.

00:32:42The more drops of water you hit,

00:32:44the more lightning you create.

00:32:48All lightning does not occur

00:32:50inside the clouds.

00:32:52There is a rare phenomenon

00:32:54in a dirty storm,

00:32:56when lightning occurs above a volcano.

00:32:58You can see it in Japan.

00:33:00A volcano erupts almost every day

00:33:02spitting out black panaches.

00:33:04Super scary volcano clouds

00:33:06with lightning.

00:33:08Woohoo!

00:33:10Ordinary lightning occurs during a storm

00:33:12when ice crystals collide with each other.

00:33:14In a dirty storm,

00:33:16ashes collide

00:33:18creating a friction that causes lightning.

00:33:20Well,

00:33:22let's end this trip

00:33:24with something calmer and prettier.

00:33:28You are in the Atacama Desert

00:33:30in northern Chile,

00:33:32one of the driest places on the planet.

00:33:34But this desert has a secret.

00:33:36Every 3 to 5 years,

00:33:38flowers appear from nowhere.

00:33:40The phenomenon is so famous

00:33:42that it is also called the flowery desert.

00:33:44Seeds rest in the ground

00:33:46waiting for just a little water.

00:33:48When it rains in this desert,

00:33:50about 200 types of flowers start to germinate.

00:33:52The yellow sands of the Atacama

00:33:54then turn purple,

00:33:56white, green and pink.

00:33:58It happened in June 2009.

00:34:00After heavy rains,

00:34:02the inhabitants of certain regions of Japan

00:34:04left their homes

00:34:06discovering fish, frogs

00:34:08and tetras everywhere.

00:34:10The fields, roads,

00:34:12meadows and roofs were full of these aquatic creatures.

00:34:14A man was surprised

00:34:16to see 13 scarps on the roof

00:34:18and all around his truck.

00:34:20Apparently, he stopped to count them.

00:34:22No one knows for sure

00:34:24where this strange rain came from.

00:34:26But the most popular theory

00:34:28states that a powerful marine storm

00:34:30had taken all these creatures.

00:34:32It then transported them into the high atmosphere

00:34:34and scattered the animals

00:34:36all over the land.

00:34:38The arcuses seem straight

00:34:40out of a disaster movie.

00:34:42They form when hot and humid air

00:34:44is caught in an upward stream of storms.

00:34:46These bad weather clouds

00:34:48mean that a storm is coming.

00:34:50Magnificent rainbow clouds

00:34:52appear at the top of inflated clouds

00:34:54similar to cotton after a storm.

00:34:56Cotton clouds

00:34:58are low altitude clouds.

00:35:00They usually glide at an altitude

00:35:02of about 1,800 meters.

00:35:04When the water vapor they contain condenses,

00:35:06the resulting droplets

00:35:08act like prisms.

00:35:10They form multicolored hats

00:35:12Clouds called

00:35:14Morning Glory

00:35:16are extremely rare.

00:35:18They look like massive tubes stretching

00:35:20into the sky.

00:35:22They can extend over 1,000 kilometers

00:35:24while remaining relatively low.

00:35:26Most researchers agree

00:35:28that these clouds appear

00:35:30when an upward stream

00:35:32compresses through the cloud.

00:35:34This is what creates this characteristic

00:35:36tubular aspect.

00:35:38The fresh air behind the cloud

00:35:40is the Gulf of Carpentary

00:35:42in Australia.

00:35:44If you decide to go there

00:35:46to see these clouds,

00:35:48choose the period from late September

00:35:50to early November.

00:35:52In 2012, the sky first became dark

00:35:54and sinister, then yellow.

00:35:56Then blue gelatinous balls

00:35:58began to fall on the ground.

00:36:00In the United Kingdom,

00:36:02a man found these balls outside

00:36:04during a hail storm.

00:36:06He was walking to his garage

00:36:08when he noticed

00:36:10that the balls were made of

00:36:12the substance used in

00:36:14the layers or the terro,

00:36:16used to absorb liquids.

00:36:18We still don't know

00:36:20if the balls fell from the sky

00:36:22or if the bottom of the ice

00:36:24made some crystals grow

00:36:26in a blink of an eye.

00:36:28These huge white clouds

00:36:30above your head are called

00:36:32Mammatus clouds.

00:36:34They can make you think

00:36:36that clouds form when the air

00:36:38rises in the atmosphere,

00:36:40but not the Mammatus.

00:36:42They appear when fresh, humid air

00:36:44descends and mixes with dry air.

00:36:46The result? Unique clouds

00:36:48in the form of puffed rice balls.

00:36:50In fact, if you spot this phenomenon,

00:36:52it's because the bad weather

00:36:54is not far away,

00:36:56so run and take shelter.

00:36:58Colourful nacre clouds

00:37:00occur extremely high in the atmosphere,

00:37:02twice as high as the altitude

00:37:04and are extremely dry and cold.

00:37:06The ice crystals in nacre clouds

00:37:08are much smaller than those

00:37:10that form the most common clouds.

00:37:12They diffuse light in a different way,

00:37:14which gives the clouds their appearance

00:37:16of nacre. A rain of blood

00:37:18seems more terrifying than

00:37:20any horror movie.

00:37:22But in reality, there is nothing

00:37:24strange or supernatural

00:37:26in this meteorological phenomenon.

00:37:28People have observed such rain

00:37:30tinted in red since the Romantic era.

00:37:32The powerful rain lifts red dust

00:37:34into the atmosphere and carries it

00:37:36very, very far. In the end,

00:37:38this dust mixes with the clouds,

00:37:40which colours the rain.

00:37:42By the way, coal dust

00:37:44can make the rain black.

00:37:46Pollen is responsible for yellow rain.

00:37:48And other types of dust

00:37:50can make the rain white.

00:37:52In Australia, it sometimes rains spiders.

00:37:54It's because these creatures can

00:37:56kind of glide.

00:37:58It's a very unusual way to move.

00:38:00They climb a big tree,

00:38:02then they weave several strands of silk.

00:38:04These strands help the spider

00:38:06to be carried by the wind.

00:38:08It's not easy to spot these spiders,

00:38:10but sometimes, if the weather

00:38:12is particularly humid,

00:38:14they flock to you en masse.

00:38:16And there, you can't help but see them.

00:38:18Millions of spiders migrate

00:38:20to find another place

00:38:22offering better living conditions.

00:38:24You might think they're snowing outside,

00:38:26but no, they're spiders

00:38:28in the sky.

00:38:30They're probably lenticular clouds.

00:38:32They usually form above

00:38:34high and imposing places,

00:38:36like mountains or hills.

00:38:38When strong winds hit an obstacle,

00:38:40it creates a wave of air.

00:38:42The air kind of wraps around

00:38:44the obstacle.

00:38:46And the higher the barrier,

00:38:48the colder the air above it becomes.

00:38:50At some point, the humidity

00:38:52turns into droplets of water

00:38:54and they form these unusual clouds.

00:38:56Lenticular clouds can look like

00:38:58waves, a pizza,

00:39:00or even a pile of crepes.

00:39:02Volcanic tornadoes

00:39:04are probably one of the most terrifying

00:39:06natural phenomena.

00:39:08When a volcano erupts,

00:39:10it spits out reddish rock

00:39:12and very high ash in the air.

00:39:14As for pieces of solid lava and hot gas,

00:39:16they flow along the slope of the volcano.

00:39:18When this flow descends,

00:39:20some of the trapped gases

00:39:22start to rise and spin at the same time.

00:39:24They are compressed by the surrounding air,

00:39:26which makes them spin faster and faster.

00:39:28This is how a volcanic tornado is born.

00:39:30Fortunately, this phenomenon

00:39:32has a very short life span.

00:39:34On March 19, 2018,

00:39:36the inhabitants of Alabama

00:39:38had to run to save their lives.

00:39:40Otherwise, they would have been hit

00:39:42by huge pieces of ice

00:39:44falling from the sky.

00:39:46This infamous hail storm

00:39:48caused millions of dollars in damage.

00:39:50After the hail storm,

00:39:52the area was in a post-apocalyptic state.

00:39:54Broken windows,

00:39:56broken windshields,

00:39:58torn billboards,

00:40:00and holes in the roofs.

00:40:02At least, researchers were excited

00:40:04when they found a hail storm

00:40:06near the city of Cullman.

00:40:08This monster, the size of a baseball bat,

00:40:10was more than 12 cm in diameter.

00:40:12No wonder it set a new record

00:40:14at the state level.

00:40:16Snowballs are formed

00:40:18when a gust of wind

00:40:20moves a snowball.

00:40:22It starts to roll snow

00:40:24on a snowy area.

00:40:26If it was a real snowball,

00:40:28it would end up being too heavy

00:40:30for the wind to move it.

00:40:32But the center of a snowball is hollow.

00:40:34This happens because its inner layer

00:40:36is too thin and is carried by the wind

00:40:38when the snowball is formed.

00:40:40This makes it lighter than a snowball,

00:40:42which is why it rolls further.

00:40:44Unfortunately, they are rare

00:40:46because they need very precise conditions

00:40:48Lunar rainbows are much rarer

00:40:50than normal rainbows.

00:40:52They are caused by the moonlight

00:40:54and not by direct sunlight

00:40:56and only occur when the moon is almost full.

00:40:58These rainbows are not very bright

00:41:00and often seem to be white.

00:41:02But this is just an illusion.

00:41:04The human eye is simply not sensitive

00:41:06enough to capture all their colors.

00:41:08The snowball is a small sphere

00:41:10of floating light.

00:41:12It can be orange, yellow,

00:41:14and even red.

00:41:16The snowball falls from the sky.

00:41:18In other cases, it appears from nowhere,

00:41:20hovering several meters above the ground.

00:41:22It does not generate heat

00:41:24and produces very little sound.

00:41:26The snowball can bounce on objects.

00:41:28If it encounters something electric,

00:41:30like a TV,

00:41:32it usually disappears with a silent pop,

00:41:34leaving behind a smell of sulfur.

00:41:36But the snowball can also

00:41:38ignite fires or explode.

00:41:40Scientists think that snowballs

00:41:42could be linked to storms,

00:41:44but they do not yet have tangible evidence.

00:41:46White arches are almost white,

00:41:48pale blue inside

00:41:50and pale red outside.

00:41:52You are more likely to see a white arch

00:41:54above the sea or the cold ocean

00:41:56when hot air comes into contact

00:41:58with much colder water.

00:42:00This phenomenon also occurs when the sun is bright

00:42:02and the fog is thin enough

00:42:04for the light to pass.

00:42:06The hair of the snowballs

00:42:08are thin strands of lava.

00:42:10They are golden and pretty,

00:42:12but you can't even pick them up

00:42:14because they can hurt you.

00:42:16The wind sometimes catches small drops of lava

00:42:18from active volcanoes.

00:42:20These droplets are transported

00:42:22to kilometers of eruption.

00:42:24They are stretched into very thin strands of glass,

00:42:26also called hair lava.

00:42:28Some strands can be up to 2 meters long.

00:42:30In March 2018,

00:42:32those who looked at the sky

00:42:34in northern Nevada

00:42:36saw one of the rarest

00:42:38and strangest clouds ever.

00:42:40This vortex occurs

00:42:42when a flat cloud

00:42:44moves above an ascending hot air column.

00:42:46This air not only gives the cloud

00:42:48its impressive shape,

00:42:50but also adds a bit of rotation

00:42:52to its movement.

00:42:54But you have to be quick.

00:42:56Clouds made of iron are very fleeting

00:42:58and usually only last a few minutes.

00:43:00Figs bloom on the recently formed ice

00:43:02of the Arctic Ocean

00:43:04or on the thin ice of lakes.

00:43:06These are fragile and delicate ice crystals.

00:43:08These structures grow

00:43:10during temperature changes.

00:43:12They attract moisture from the surface of the ice

00:43:14and rise, capturing

00:43:16bacteria and salt.

00:43:18You can also find fig flowers in Antarctica.

00:43:20But wherever these crystals grow,

00:43:22people unfortunately know

00:43:24very little about them,

00:43:26even if they are incredibly pretty.

00:43:34Tsunami of Boxing Day, Indonesia

00:43:36An earthquake in the Mediterranean

00:43:38occurs in the morning.

00:43:40These quakes cause a series of tsunami waves.

00:43:42The largest reaches the height

00:43:44of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

00:43:46Megatsunami of the Unzen volcano.

00:43:48A powerful volcanic eruption triggers

00:43:50a landslide from a lava dome

00:43:524,000 years old.

00:43:54It crosses the city of Shimabara

00:43:56and reaches the sea, triggering a megatsunami.

00:43:58Megatsunami of the Vajont dam, Italy.

00:44:00A landslide

00:44:02causes 255 million cubic meters

00:44:04of forest, land and rocks in the lake.

00:44:06A dark water wall

00:44:08obscures the sky above a small village

00:44:10at the foot of the Vajont dam.

00:44:12Then, in a deafening roar,

00:44:14the wave crosses the edge of the dam

00:44:16carrying everything on its way.

00:44:18Megatsunami of Mount St. Helens, United States.

00:44:20The upper part of Mount St. Helens

00:44:22collapses, causing a huge landslide.

00:44:24Part of this avalanche

00:44:26plunges into Lake Spirit.

00:44:28This pushes the waters of the lake

00:44:30into a series of waves almost as high

00:44:32as the waves of Lake Spirit.

00:44:34Tsunami of Lake Lituya, Alaska.

00:44:36A landslide caused by an earthquake

00:44:38creates a mega-wave.

00:44:40It waves over the cape and carries

00:44:42trees, plants and soil

00:44:44to the rocky substrates.

00:44:46Molokai, Hawaii.

00:44:48A third of the Molokai volcano

00:44:50collapses in the Pacific Ocean.

00:44:52This causes a tsunami the size

00:44:54of the second largest building in the world,

00:44:56the Shanghai Tower.

00:44:58The waves reach Mexico and California.

00:45:00The asteroid, which would have destroyed

00:45:02the dinosaurs, hits the Yucatan Peninsula.

00:45:04It creates a mega-tsunami,

00:45:06the largest in the history of the Earth.

00:45:08The first wave is almost twice as large

00:45:10as the tallest building in the world,

00:45:12the Burj Khalifa.

00:45:14Hurricane Mitch.

00:45:16Mitch forms in the western part

00:45:18of the Caribbean Sea.

00:45:20Very quickly, it strengthens

00:45:22to become the eighth most powerful

00:45:24hurricane in the Atlantic.

00:45:26The storm pours 10 cm of rainfall

00:45:28Hurricane Helen.

00:45:30Extremely powerful, the storm

00:45:32is one of the few to reach Category 5,

00:45:34the highest possible.

00:45:36It causes more than $2 billion in damage.

00:45:38The Great Hurricane.

00:45:40After collapsing on Barbados,

00:45:42the storm continues its devastating route.

00:45:44It tears the bark of the trees growing

00:45:46in Martinique and St. Lucie and spreads

00:45:48further. This terrible natural disaster

00:45:50lasts six days.

00:45:52Hurricane Dorian.

00:45:54It is the most powerful tropical cyclone

00:45:56in the United States.

00:45:58The hurricane tears most structures

00:46:00on its islands and takes them

00:46:02into the sea.

00:46:04Hurricane Wilma.

00:46:06The storm occurs in the Caribbean Sea

00:46:08near Jamaica and heads west.

00:46:10Two days later, it gains enough

00:46:12power to become the most intense

00:46:14hurricane ever recorded

00:46:16in the Atlantic Ocean.

00:46:18Hurricane Patricia.

00:46:20A regular storm develops a well-defined eye

00:46:22and becomes a Category 5 hurricane

00:46:24at its maximum speed.

00:46:26This makes Patricia the most intense tropical cyclone

00:46:28ever recorded in the world.

00:46:30Earthquake in Kamchatka.

00:46:32It occurs in the early morning

00:46:34at 130 km from the coast of Kamchatka.

00:46:36The earthquake causes a tsunami.

00:46:38The first two waves are catastrophic

00:46:40up to 18 meters high.

00:46:42The third is much weaker.

00:46:44Earthquake in Valparaiso, Chile.

00:46:46It occurs around 5 a.m.

00:46:48at the limit of two tectonic plates.

00:46:50The tsunami triggered by the earthquake

00:46:52destroys 1,000 km of the Chilean coast.

00:46:54Earthquake in Tohoku, Japan.

00:46:56The first earthquakes

00:46:58start at a depth underwater.

00:47:00The earthquake is so strong

00:47:02that it moves the main island of Japan.

00:47:04It also moves the entire planet

00:47:0625 cm on its axis

00:47:08and increases its rotational speed.

00:47:10The disaster also triggers a tsunami

00:47:12with waves 40 meters high

00:47:14moving at a distance of 10 km

00:47:16inside the land.

00:47:18Earthquake in the Indian Ocean, Sumatra.

00:47:20It occurs along two tectonic plates

00:47:22and triggers an earthquake.

00:47:24It starts at 8 a.m.

00:47:26near the north of Sumatra, Indonesia.

00:47:28It moves the planet 1 cm

00:47:30and triggers earthquakes

00:47:32all over the world up to Alaska.

00:47:34Earthquake on Friday 1, Alaska.

00:47:36The strongest earthquake

00:47:38recorded in North America

00:47:40lasts 4 minutes and 38 seconds.

00:47:42A crack of 1,000 km long

00:47:44causes terrible landslides

00:47:46and a tsunami of 8 meters high.

00:47:48In other places,

00:47:50it reaches 2.5 meters permanently.

00:47:52Valdivia, Chile.

00:47:54The Great Earthquake

00:47:56starts in the afternoon

00:47:58and lasts no less than 10 minutes.

00:48:00The disaster hits an area

00:48:02the size of California.

00:48:04It triggers tsunamis

00:48:06reaching the coasts of Hawaii,

00:48:08Japan, the Philippines,

00:48:10Australia and New Zealand.

00:48:12An average tornado

00:48:14usually lasts less than 10 minutes

00:48:16but in this case,

00:48:18it reached a diameter of 4 km.

00:48:20Perryville, United States.

00:48:22It occurs around 2 a.m.

00:48:24and starts to cut down trees

00:48:26and destroy stone buildings.

00:48:28Then the tornado gets stronger.

00:48:30It tears down two-story buildings

00:48:32and makes cars fly away

00:48:34as if they were toys.

00:48:36Bridge Creek Moor Tornado.

00:48:38When the tornado hits Bridge Creek,

00:48:40its maximum width is 1.5 to 2.5 km.

00:48:42The wind speed in the tornado

00:48:44reaches more than 450 km per hour.

00:48:46This natural disaster

00:48:48causes $1 billion in damage.

00:48:50Manitoba, Canada.

00:48:52An exceptional tornado

00:48:54rages for nearly 3 hours.

00:48:56It breaks hundreds of trees

00:48:58and electric poles,

00:49:00damages roads and farms

00:49:02but miraculously saves

00:49:04each city on its way.

00:49:06Tristate Tornado, United States.

00:49:08The longest tornado in the world

00:49:10travels 350 km through Missouri,

00:49:12but usually does not reach 8 km.

00:49:14Tupelo, Gainesville, United States.

00:49:16A complex system of at least

00:49:1812 individual tornadoes

00:49:20destroys everything on its way.

00:49:22Tornadoes also trigger

00:49:24severe sudden floods

00:49:26that further aggravate the situation.

00:49:28Violent Landslide, Italy.

00:49:30At 10 p.m., a landslide

00:49:32of a volume equivalent

00:49:34to that of 100 Great Pyramids

00:49:36detaches from the top of Mount Toc.

00:49:38It falls into the reservoir

00:49:40of the San Francisco Beach.

00:49:42Yunnan, China.

00:49:44A rock, stone and mud avalanche

00:49:46so large that it could fill

00:49:48the port of Sydney

00:49:50forms a dam on the Jincha River.

00:49:52Ida River, Japan.

00:49:54Following a rainstorm,

00:49:56the equivalent of 300,000

00:49:58Olympic pools of debris

00:50:00flow before being stopped

00:50:02by another landslide earlier.

00:50:04On the way, the landslide

00:50:06takes two buses off the road.

00:50:08The entire process

00:50:10does not take more than 3 minutes,

00:50:12which means that the flow moves

00:50:14at a speed of 140 km per hour.

00:50:16It also leaves a 8 km long

00:50:18debris drain.

00:50:20Soi Dam, Tajikistan.

00:50:22Triggered by a landslide

00:50:24of magnitude 7.4, the landslide

00:50:26falls into the Murghab River

00:50:28and blocks its flow.

00:50:30This is how the Soi Dam

00:50:32appears, one of the highest

00:50:34in the world.

00:50:36North Bonneville, United States.

00:50:38In the middle of the 15th century,

00:50:40a large landslide occurs.

00:50:42An incredible amount of debris

00:50:44has been precipitating since

00:50:46Table Mountain.

00:50:48It covers more than 13 square kilometers

00:50:50and blocks the Columbia River

00:50:52with a dam 61 meters high

00:50:54and 6 kilometers long.

00:50:56Ah, Kiev!

00:50:58It's been years since you've

00:51:00been to Kiev.

00:51:02You must have been

00:51:04dreaming of coming here.

00:51:06Taking out your camera,

00:51:08you start taking pictures

00:51:10of cathedrals, the Aviation Museum

00:51:12and the Dnipro River,

00:51:14when, without warning,

00:51:16a huge boom

00:51:18is heard behind you.

00:51:20As you turn around,

00:51:22you see something rising in the distance

00:51:24and that looks like a giant explosion.

00:51:26Oh, oh, it's time to leave,

00:51:28and quickly.

00:51:30In June 2020, what the people of Kiev

00:51:32saw was an anvil-shaped cloud,

00:51:34a rare storm formation in the sky.

00:51:36As strong air currents

00:51:38transport water vapor to the sky,

00:51:40the air expands and spreads

00:51:42when it reaches the bottom of the stratosphere.

00:51:44It pushes the dense cloud

00:51:46to give it the shape of an anvil

00:51:48you see, and sometimes

00:51:50it even takes the shape of a mushroom.

00:51:52Anvil-shaped clouds

00:51:54produce some of the most dangerous lightning

00:51:56in all storms.

00:51:58These lightnings seem to come out

00:52:00when the storm is several kilometers away.

00:52:02This type of lightning

00:52:04comes from the top of the anvil

00:52:06and can be ten times more powerful

00:52:08than a classic lightning strike.

00:52:10People were so scared

00:52:12to see this giant cloud

00:52:14only 100 kilometers away

00:52:16that they thought something terrible

00:52:18had happened.

00:52:20Residents posted pictures of the big cloud

00:52:22on social media even before

00:52:24the authorities could explain what was going on.

00:52:26Then they managed to calm

00:52:28the fear of the population

00:52:30by informing them that it was nothing more

00:52:32than a natural phenomenon,

00:52:34and that it was beautiful.

00:52:36Before dissipating, these clouds

00:52:38generally remain in the same area

00:52:40regardless of the strength of the wind.

00:52:42Let's go to the northern tip of Queensland

00:52:44in Australia,

00:52:46far from all these rampant animals.

00:52:48It's time to take a break

00:52:50and relax at the beach.

00:52:52By making yourself comfortable,

00:52:54you notice that a large shadow

00:52:56is appearing in the sky.

00:52:58When you open your eyes,

00:53:00you see a simply stunning phenomenon.

00:53:02This type of cloud,

00:53:04called morning glory,

00:53:06looks like a massive tube,

00:53:08is very rare,

00:53:10and seems to be rolling in the sky.

00:53:12They can be up to 1,000 kilometers long

00:53:14and sometimes appear in large groups.

00:53:16This phenomenon is the result

00:53:18of an ascending current

00:53:20that pushes the cloud,

00:53:22creating a tube-like appearance,

00:53:24which is called morning glory.

00:53:26In the south of India,

00:53:28between July and September 2001,

00:53:30people witnessed one of the strangest

00:53:32meteorological phenomena in history.

00:53:34The rain was red.

00:53:36Many were shocked.

00:53:38The color was bright enough

00:53:40to stain clothes.

00:53:42There were also other colors,

00:53:44such as green, yellow, brown,

00:53:46and even black.

00:53:48In the middle of a cloud,

00:53:50a red rain began to fall

00:53:52The researchers discovered

00:53:54that this unusual rain was stained

00:53:56either by dust,

00:53:58or by algae.

00:54:00They are not quite sure

00:54:02how the algae got there,

00:54:04which made this event a little more disturbing.

00:54:06You like to take a foam bath

00:54:08to relax after a tiring day,

00:54:10but your bathtub takes too long to fill up?

00:54:12Problem solved!

00:54:14Get on any coast after a big storm

00:54:16and scratch your head.

00:54:18Scorching seas are not

00:54:20only in one place.

00:54:22They can form all over the world.

00:54:24However, they are more likely

00:54:26to occur along rocky coasts,

00:54:28such as the coast of San Francisco,

00:54:30Northern Ireland,

00:54:32or Mulu, Australia.

00:54:34Each coast presents different conditions

00:54:36that form such a foam.

00:54:38If you take seawater in a glass

00:54:40and look closely,

00:54:42you will see that it is full of tiny particles.

00:54:44Many elements, such as plants,

00:54:46chemical products, and a lot of salt

00:54:48make up the perfect formula for this foam.

00:54:50When powerful currents

00:54:52and the wind mix everything,

00:54:54you get something that looks like

00:54:56milk foam floating above water.

00:54:58When glacial temperatures

00:55:00hit the shores of Michigan,

00:55:02all kinds of unusual things happen,

00:55:04like ghost apples.

00:55:06No, they are not scary.

00:55:08But if you want to find one in winter,

00:55:10be careful.

00:55:12All conditions must be met

00:55:14for this to happen,

00:55:16especially in winter.

00:55:18It is a rare meteorological phenomenon

00:55:20caused by the fact that apples

00:55:22freeze on their branches.

00:55:24The rain covers the fruit

00:55:26of a thin layer of ice.

00:55:28The apples then thaw

00:55:30and flow like compote,

00:55:32leaving only a beautiful

00:55:34envelope of ice behind them.

00:55:36The Catatumbo River in Venezuela

00:55:38could well be the most electric

00:55:40area in the world,

00:55:42with nearly 300 days of thunderstorms per year.

00:55:44During the rainy season,

00:55:46in October, you can see 30 lightning

00:55:48in a single minute.

00:55:50A truly unique experience.

00:55:52Each lightning has the energy

00:55:54needed to power a single bulb

00:55:56for 6 months, so this impressive

00:55:58spectacle could power all of Venezuela

00:56:00forever.

00:56:02At sunset, strong winds

00:56:04circulate around the 3 surrounding mountains,

00:56:06forming thunderstorms above the water.

00:56:08When the droplets of water

00:56:10from the humid air collide

00:56:12with the ice of the cold air,

00:56:14it produces static charges

00:56:16that cause these thunderstorms

00:56:18almost every night.

00:56:20And as if that were not enough,

00:56:22some thunderstorms also have lightning

00:56:24above them.

00:56:26Transitional light phenomena

00:56:28are electrical discharges

00:56:30located very high in the Earth's atmosphere.

00:56:32They are associated with powerful thunderstorms,

00:56:34but they have nothing to do with rain.

00:56:36These phenomena occur at an altitude

00:56:38of 50 to 80 km in the mesosphere.

00:56:40The artificial light of the night

00:56:42makes it much more difficult to see

00:56:44these low-intensity lightning.

00:56:46If you see one, it will look tiny,

00:56:48while it can be more than

00:56:5050 km wide.

00:56:52These red lightnings are a type

00:56:54of cold plasma discharge above

00:56:56a thunderstorm cloud.

00:56:58It results from the equilibrium of the charge

00:57:00of lightning between the thunderstorm clouds

00:57:02and the ground below.

00:57:04Snowballs are one of the rarest

00:57:06meteorological curiosities,

00:57:08a perfect condition for them to form.

00:57:10In all mountainous regions

00:57:12covered with snow,

00:57:14like rocky areas,

00:57:16the wind, temperature,

00:57:18snow, ice and humidity

00:57:20must work together

00:57:22so that we can admire these snowballs.

00:57:24First, a thin layer of moist snow

00:57:26on the ground,

00:57:28under this layer,

00:57:30ice or powder,

00:57:32then a strong enough breeze

00:57:34to roll the snowball

00:57:36to the size of a baseball or

00:57:38as big as a car tire.

00:57:40It all depends on the strength of the wind.

00:57:42A newly formed snowball

00:57:44won't stay there for long,

00:57:46so hurry up and take a picture of it!

00:57:48Looking at the sunset on the horizon,

00:57:50the beautiful purple and pink

00:57:52above are nothing compared

00:57:54to the three suns you see in front of you.

00:57:56Wow! Since when

00:57:58does the Earth have three suns?

00:58:00These ghost stars,

00:58:02which sometimes appear next to the sun,

00:58:04often appear in the form of

00:58:06colorful luminous zones

00:58:08at the same height as the sun above the horizon.

00:58:10They are mostly observed

00:58:12on a ring or halo

00:58:14where the ice crystals best reflect the light.

00:58:16Some of them also appear

00:58:18next to the moon

00:58:20and are formed by the lunar light

00:58:22passing through the ice crystals,

00:58:24but they are not as visible

00:58:26as their solar homologues.

00:58:28By taking pictures in nature,

00:58:30you have finally found the ideal place

00:58:32where the water is crystalline,

00:58:34the pine trees, the mountains,

00:58:36and the flying saucer.

00:58:38Wait, what? A flying saucer?

00:58:40The aliens are there?

00:58:42That's what you might think

00:58:44if you saw a cloud in the form of a saucer.

00:58:46It bears the sweet name

00:58:48of Altocumulus Lenticulare.

00:58:50These are in fact

00:58:52unusual cloud formations

00:58:54above the mountain tops.

00:58:56When the humid air passes over a mountain,

00:58:58a wave is created

00:59:00and a cloud is formed.

00:59:02When the air passes over the wave,

00:59:04evaporation occurs

00:59:06and a lot of these clouds

00:59:08can then take an oval shape.

00:59:10So they are not aliens after all.

00:59:12Phew!

00:59:14The sky falls on our heads.

00:59:16People who have already seen these clouds

00:59:18say that they seem to have fallen from the sky.

00:59:20The Mammatus clouds

00:59:22look like gigantic white and cloudy chameleons,

00:59:24but it would be very difficult

00:59:26to make them shine.

00:59:28Mammatus clouds can extend

00:59:30over hundreds of kilometres

00:59:32in any direction,

00:59:34remaining visible for short periods

00:59:36at the bottom of a cumulonimbus

00:59:38or other storm cloud.

00:59:40These strange formations

00:59:42are due to turbulence

00:59:44within the storm itself,

00:59:46creating an irregular cloud base.

00:59:48They can appear anywhere in the world.

00:59:50Mammatus clouds form when

00:59:52humid air descends into dry air.

00:59:54The air must be cooler than its environment,

00:59:56or filled with water.

00:59:58If there were cataclysms

01:00:00every five minutes on Earth,

01:00:02the living conditions on our planet

01:00:04would be almost the same

01:00:06as 4.5 billion years ago.

01:00:08At the time, the seas and oceans

01:00:10were boiling,

01:00:12lightning struck everywhere,

01:00:14tectonic plates changed shape,

01:00:16lava fused with volcanoes,

01:00:18and even worse, no Internet.

01:00:20The Earth looked like a vast boiling cauldron

01:00:22where life was gradually

01:00:24taking shape.

01:00:26If it starts boiling again,

01:00:28this cauldron could destroy

01:00:30almost all life on the planet.

01:00:32So, consecutive cataclysms

01:00:34wouldn't hurt to imagine.

01:00:36What if we imagined all this?

01:00:38Hello!

01:00:40You wake up in a small underground bunker.

01:00:42The seismic sensor indicates

01:00:44that an earthquake of 7 on the Richter scale

01:00:46will break out in a few minutes.

01:00:48You take a huge waterproof bag

01:00:50and you go underground.

01:00:52The bunker is protected

01:00:54from seismic activity.

01:00:56It moves on the ground,

01:00:58so you are safe.

01:01:00But you must leave this shelter

01:01:02because you have little resources.

01:01:04In addition, you picked up a radio signal yesterday

01:01:06telling you that all the survivors

01:01:08had gone immediately south.

01:01:10The coordinates they provided

01:01:12are not very far from yours.

01:01:14You have to hurry

01:01:16before the landscape changes again.

01:01:18You open the hatch

01:01:20The ground shakes, but you are not afraid.

01:01:22There are no more houses or buildings.

01:01:24Nothing falls on you.

01:01:26You keep your balance perfectly

01:01:28and the earthquake

01:01:30does not frighten you.

01:01:32It's like jumping on a trampoline.

01:01:34The only danger are the gulfs

01:01:36flowing in the ground,

01:01:38but you can easily jump over.

01:01:40After this extremely morning awakening,

01:01:42you decide to have your breakfast.

01:01:44You take a can of canned food out of your backpack.

01:01:46You have a few minutes before the next disaster.

01:01:48So you eat and you remember your grandfather

01:01:50who told you how it all started.

01:01:52Before all this,

01:01:54the planet was divided into territories

01:01:56called countries.

01:01:58Millions of people lived there,

01:02:00then something terrible happened.

01:02:02The tectonic plates began to move

01:02:04and the temperature of the air

01:02:06and atmospheric pressure began to change rapidly.

01:02:08In one day, earthquakes

01:02:10destroyed entire cities.

01:02:12Tsunamis and floods

01:02:14took away all the ruins.

01:02:16Volcanic eruptions blocked the sun's rays.

01:02:18Forest fires destroyed

01:02:20almost all the vegetation

01:02:22and eruptions poisoned the air.

01:02:24Only a few people

01:02:26managed to adapt to such conditions

01:02:28and you are one of the few survivors.

01:02:30After your breakfast,

01:02:32you are distracted by another tremor

01:02:34coming from the ground.

01:02:36It's time to move.

01:02:38Many people travel the world alone

01:02:40because they consider it safer.

01:02:42Others form small communities

01:02:44but no one stays in the same place for a long time.

01:02:46All your life is in motion

01:02:48but you don't panic.

01:02:50One of the main rules

01:02:52during a natural disaster

01:02:54is to stay calm.

01:02:56So all survivors still have steel nerves

01:02:58and an excellent physical condition.

01:03:00You travel a few kilometers south

01:03:02and you suddenly feel something strange.

01:03:04You put on a gas mask.

01:03:06The earthquake created a characteristic eruption.

01:03:08The natural carbon dioxide

01:03:10is released from the ground to the surface.

01:03:12You feel more comfortable with your mask

01:03:14but you can't run fast when you wear it.

01:03:16Further away, you see a green forest.

01:03:18One of the few places

01:03:20not to have been affected by fires.

01:03:22You take off your mask

01:03:24and go there to shelter from the scorching sun.

01:03:26This green area is rich in vegetation.

01:03:28Colored flowers, strawberries

01:03:30and many other plants grow here.

01:03:32But you are worried.

01:03:34Such a fertile land

01:03:36is often close to volcanoes.

01:03:38It spits rich magma

01:03:40so the vegetation grows.

01:03:44You can see a high mountain in the distance.

01:03:46It's the volcano.

01:03:48An underground push is felt again

01:03:50and causes an eruption.

01:03:52You harvest strawberries

01:03:54and you flee as quickly as possible.

01:03:56The lava comes out of the volcano's mouth

01:03:58and causes a forest fire.

01:04:00You take a folding scooter out of your backpack

01:04:02with its engine

01:04:04and you leave as quickly as possible from this blaze.

01:04:06The sky is filled with volcanic ash

01:04:08but it won't last long.

01:04:10The wind gets stronger and stronger

01:04:12every second.

01:04:14You realize that a hurricane

01:04:16is coming straight at you.

01:04:18You take a small shovel

01:04:20and you dig a hole in the ground.

01:04:22The hole is dry

01:04:24but you have enough strength

01:04:26to dig a small trench in a few minutes.

01:04:28You dive into the shelter of Fortune

01:04:30and you protect yourself with a tent.

01:04:32The hurricane blows

01:04:34volcanic ash in different directions

01:04:36and the air becomes clearer.

01:04:38But the fire doesn't stop.

01:04:40The wind spreads it through the forest.

01:04:42You get out of the ravine

01:04:44and you put on your gas mask.

01:04:46There's a lot of smoke around

01:04:48and it's incredibly hot.

01:04:50You know the hurricane couldn't have happened without a reason.

01:04:52It forms when hot and humid air

01:04:54hits the surface of the sea

01:04:56and it rises in the air.

01:04:58So there's water over there.

01:05:00Great, because you're thirsty

01:05:02and you want to cool down.

01:05:04The volcanic ash starts to roar behind you.

01:05:06You turn around

01:05:08and a gigantic wave of water

01:05:10approaches the fire.

01:05:12Without panicking,

01:05:14you take your life jacket off your backpack,

01:05:16you take off your gas mask

01:05:18and you put on a diving mask and fins.

01:05:20The wave takes you away

01:05:22but you don't drown.

01:05:24Over time, you've learned to swim very well.

01:05:26You hang on to a tree

01:05:28that passes by and you wait patiently

01:05:30for the flood to be replaced

01:05:32by a natural disaster.

01:05:34For five minutes, you're sailing

01:05:36under a stormy and dark sky

01:05:38where lightning strikes several times.

01:05:40Despite the waves,

01:05:42you try to head south.

01:05:44It's rather cold.

01:05:46You finally see the shore

01:05:48but it's not land, it's ice.

01:05:50A strong wind brought a very cold cyclone

01:05:52that caused a sudden temperature change.

01:05:54It's like being in Antarctica.

01:05:56Snow and blizzard surround you.

01:05:58It's extremely cold.

01:06:00But you take an insulating cover

01:06:02made of aluminum

01:06:04and you walk slowly south.

01:06:06Under your clothes,

01:06:08you put tissue paper, bubble wrap,

01:06:10pieces of cotton,

01:06:12all to keep your body warm.

01:06:14On the road, you pick up a few bottles of snow

01:06:16to melt it later.

01:06:18Stalactites form on your face

01:06:20and you can't see anything anymore

01:06:22because of the snowstorm.

01:06:24Suddenly, the snow begins to melt under your weight.

01:06:26The ice melts and turns into water.

01:06:28A big hot air blows on your face.

01:06:30You find yourself on hard, dry ground.

01:06:32You look at the sky,

01:06:34then your watch.

01:06:36Five minutes have passed

01:06:38and the sky is again covered with dark clouds.

01:06:40You take a metal plate in your backpack

01:06:42and you cover your head with it.

01:06:44A few seconds later,

01:06:46you are in the cold, in the rain and in the hail.

01:06:48Huge balls of snow

01:06:50come crashing against your metal shield.

01:06:52But you keep calm

01:06:54and you even have a smile.

01:06:56The ground becomes wet and unstable

01:06:58because of the frozen rocks.

01:07:00When the hail finally ends,

01:07:02you remove all the insulating materials

01:07:04under your clothes and you hide them in your backpack.

01:07:06Then you take out long steel rods.

01:07:08They are surrounded by copper wires.

01:07:10You connect them to each other

01:07:12by making a long antenna.

01:07:14You plant it in the ground

01:07:16and you leave.

01:07:18After the hail and the rain,

01:07:20it is the lightning that strikes the ground.

01:07:22More precisely,

01:07:24the thunder.

01:07:26You wait for the storm to go away,

01:07:28then you take your steel rod

01:07:30and you put it in your bag.

01:07:32An intense heat surrounds you.

01:07:34You drink melted snow

01:07:36and you walk through the desert.

01:07:38The earth trembles and your adventure resumes.

01:07:40Earthquakes, carbon dioxide,

01:07:42fires, floods,

01:07:44snowfalls, tsunamis, lightning.

01:07:46Again, and again,

01:07:48and again.

01:07:50With a compass,

01:07:52you travel and you finally reach your destination

01:07:54a few months later.

01:07:56You see a long antenna coming out of the ground.

01:07:58This is the landmark indicating that you are entering

01:08:00an underground city.

01:08:02The city is made up of dozens of bunkers

01:08:04connected to each other by tunnels.

01:08:06The city walls do not allow

01:08:08radiation to pass through

01:08:10and they are resistant to earthquakes.

01:08:12People have learned to draw energy

01:08:14from the ground.

01:08:16The core of the earth provides heat.

01:08:18It allows water to boil,

01:08:20and electricity is created in specific stations.

01:08:22People take water from rivers

01:08:24and underground lakes.

01:08:26Instead of the sun,

01:08:28ultraviolet lamps are installed everywhere,

01:08:30providing enough light for people and plants.

01:08:32Natural disasters

01:08:34occur every five minutes on earth,

01:08:36but humanity still has a lot of space

01:08:38underground.

01:08:42In Russia, on the shores of the Baltic Sea,

01:08:44there is an enigmatic national park.

01:08:46The Dansent Forest

01:08:48is a place that no scientist

01:08:50has managed to explain so far.

01:08:52The pine trees are all bent

01:08:54and twisted in a loop and in a spiral.

01:08:56This forest has only existed since

01:08:58the early 1960s,

01:09:00when trees were planted

01:09:02to make the sand of the dunes

01:09:04of this area more stable.

01:09:06According to one theory,

01:09:08it is the lack of stability of the soil

01:09:10that would have caused the deformation of the pine trees.

01:09:12Other theories put these twisted trees

01:09:14on the account of the power of the winds

01:09:16and the positive and negative energies

01:09:18that would converge in the forest,

01:09:20causing these strange shapes.

01:09:22A local legend says that by passing

01:09:24through the circle of a tree,

01:09:26you add a year to your life,

01:09:28or that you can make a wish.

01:09:30I like this legend.

01:09:32And since we are talking about weird trees,

01:09:34there is one that grows in the region

01:09:36of Piedmont in Italy.

01:09:38If you travel, you will see a cherry tree

01:09:40that grew at the top of a wall.

01:09:42And the strangest thing is that

01:09:44this tree grows at the north pole of Saturn

01:09:46and its shape is very strange.

01:09:48It is hexagonal.

01:09:50This is probably due to the wind gradients.

01:09:52The total length of this cloud configuration

01:09:54is 14,500 km,

01:09:56which represents about 1,900 km

01:09:58more than the diameter of the Earth.

01:10:00We have been observing this hexagon

01:10:02for years, but the most mysterious

01:10:04thing is that it changes color.

01:10:06It was once turquoise,

01:10:08and it has recently taken a golden hue.

01:10:10The reason for this color change

01:10:12is that the north pole is progressively

01:10:14exposed to sunlight

01:10:16as the seasons change.

01:10:18Rain is not uncommon in Oakville,

01:10:20in the state of Washington,

01:10:22but the one that fell one day

01:10:24in the form of frost clouds

01:10:26is still to this day

01:10:28without a precise explanation.

01:10:30We witnessed this strange rain

01:10:32on an area of about 58 km2.

01:10:34Those who approached it later

01:10:36felt symptoms similar to those of the flu.

01:10:38So what were these clouds?

01:10:40They were white human globules.

01:10:42Subsequent tests, however,

01:10:44denied the presence of nucleus

01:10:46characteristic of lococytes.

01:10:48Some later said that they could be

01:10:50evaporated jellyfish or even

01:10:52waste from a airline.

01:10:54The sliding stones, also called

01:10:56moving stones, move alone

01:10:58in the National Park of the Valley of Death

01:11:00in California, leaving long tracks

01:11:02in the earth and sand on their way.

01:11:04Several accelerated sequences

01:11:06have been carried out to

01:11:08explain this strange phenomenon.

01:11:10Scientists have even installed GPS

01:11:12navigators on certain stones

01:11:14to demonstrate their considerable speed.

01:11:16According to several researchers,

01:11:18these movements are due to thin layers

01:11:20of ice that form during the night

01:11:22in the valley and slide the stones

01:11:24before melting during the day.

01:11:26But maybe someone is just listening

01:11:28to the Rolling Stones in the corner.

01:11:30No, probably not.

01:11:32The crater of Batagaika in Siberia

01:11:34looks like the entrance to hell.

01:11:36Its length is about 1 km

01:11:38and its depth is more than 86 m.

01:11:40But it keeps growing.

01:11:42The deeper it gets,

01:11:44the more underground layers it reveals.

01:11:46These strata tell us what our planet

01:11:48looked like thousands of years ago.

01:11:50And the depressions tell us

01:11:52about the climates of the past.

01:11:54The crater appeared in the 1960s

01:11:56during a rapid deforestation.

01:11:58Trees no longer cast shadows on the ground

01:12:00and the heat increased.

01:12:02The melting of the permafrost

01:12:04and the melting of the craters

01:12:06led to the collapse of the crater.

01:12:08The collapse of Taos in New Mexico

01:12:10has been driving people crazy

01:12:12since the 1990s.

01:12:14This low-frequency noise

01:12:16deprives people of sleep and exhaustion.

01:12:18Scientists have tried to find

01:12:20the source of this collapse in wine

01:12:22until now.

01:12:24Various collapses have also been heard

01:12:26in the United Kingdom, Australia,

01:12:28Canada and other regions of the United States.

01:12:30Fortunately, only 2% of the world's population

01:12:32is able to hear them.

01:12:34Their cause is attributed

01:12:36to mechanical devices,

01:12:38to various disturbances in the auditory system

01:12:40and even to certain animals.

01:12:42The swarming of West Seattle, for example,

01:12:44has been attributed to toadfish.

01:12:46The circle of fairies,

01:12:48also known as the ring of witches

01:12:50or the annular mycelium,

01:12:52is a mysterious circular mushroom formation

01:12:54that appears in the prairies

01:12:56and forest areas.

01:12:58The reasons why these mushrooms

01:13:00are the subject of many debates.

01:13:02According to some superstitions,

01:13:04dancing fairies would burn the soil,

01:13:06which would cause a rapid mushroom growth.

01:13:08In Costa Rica,

01:13:10a total of about

01:13:12300 megalithic spheres have been discovered.

01:13:14The inhabitants call them

01:13:16Las Bolas, which simply means

01:13:18balls in French.

01:13:20These stones are almost perfectly round.

01:13:22Some of them are huge,

01:13:24weighing up to 16 tons.

01:13:26In addition, they are made of different materials,

01:13:28such as limestone and chalk.

01:13:30They were once placed right in front of the chiefs' residence,

01:13:32but their origin is still unknown to us.

01:13:34Some claim that these stones

01:13:36are native to the Atlantic.

01:13:38Hmm, yeah.

01:13:40If you go to see the Mekong at the end of October,

01:13:42you will have the chance to see

01:13:44luminous balls emerge from the water

01:13:46and rise in the air.

01:13:48The inhabitants of the region call these luminous balls

01:13:50fireballs of the Nagas.

01:13:52The size of the fires varies.

01:13:54These reddish balls can be as small as a spark

01:13:56and as big as a basketball.

01:13:58There can be dozens,

01:14:00even thousands of balls every night.

01:14:02Scientists have no precise explanation

01:14:04for this phenomenon,

01:14:06but it could be due to the flammable gas

01:14:08released by the swamps.

01:14:10Some superstitious inhabitants

01:14:12think they are due to a giant snake

01:14:14living in the river.

01:14:16In Minnesota, on the northern shore of Lake Superior,

01:14:18there is a park,

01:14:20best known for housing the Devil's Kettle.

01:14:22It is a waterfall

01:14:24that separates into two parts.

01:14:26One part of the river continues,

01:14:28while the other part disappears into a hole in the ground.

01:14:30If you throw an object into the Devil's Kettle,

01:14:32it will not reappear.

01:14:34Scientists still don't know

01:14:36where the water that falls into the hole goes.

01:14:38The Devil's Kettle is considered dangerous

01:14:40because it is almost impossible

01:14:42to trace its course.

01:14:44And yes, not the best place to do tubbing.

01:14:46Grunts are fish

01:14:48known for their strange mating rituals.

01:14:50Females come out of the water

01:14:52and climb on the shore.

01:14:54They sink their tails into the sand

01:14:56to lay eggs.

01:14:58After fertilization by the males,

01:15:00the eggs remain hidden in the sand.

01:15:02The high tide arrives

01:15:04and carries the hatchlings to the sea.

01:15:06Scientists still can't explain

01:15:08this reproduction method.

01:15:10The inhabitants of the countryside

01:15:12in the center of Norway,

01:15:14above the Est Dalen Valley,

01:15:16can often see white, yellow and red floating lights

01:15:18crossing the sky.

01:15:20In the 1980s,

01:15:22they were even seen between 15 and 20 times

01:15:24in a single week.

01:15:26Est Dalen's lights can last a few seconds

01:15:28and sometimes more than an hour.

01:15:30The lights move, seem to float

01:15:32or even swing.

01:15:34Some scientists think it's ionized iron dust

01:15:36that is at the origin of these lights.

01:15:38Others say the phenomenon is due

01:15:40to a combustion of sodium, oxygen

01:15:42and hydrogen.

01:15:44But most people think it's just planes.

01:15:46Yellowstone Park

01:15:48in Yellowstone has a famous boiling lake

01:15:50but it's not the only place in the world

01:15:52where the water is naturally boiling.

01:15:54At the bottom of the Amazon,

01:15:56there is the Chaney-Timpishka River.

01:15:58It's 6.5 km long

01:16:00and hot all the time.

01:16:02Its name means

01:16:04boiled by the sun.

01:16:06In fact, it's not really boiling

01:16:08but it can reach 91°C,

01:16:10enough to cook pasta.

01:16:12The lowest temperature

01:16:14is about 45°C.

01:16:16This phenomenon is inexplicable

01:16:18because the river should be

01:16:20close to a volcano

01:16:22for the water to reach such a temperature.

01:16:24But the closest volcano

01:16:26is 640 km away.

01:16:28Another possibility,

01:16:30an underground fault.

01:16:32In the west of Venezuela,

01:16:34people who live near the Catatumbo river

01:16:36are not afraid of lightning

01:16:38because they see it almost every night.

01:16:40It starts around 7 p.m.

01:16:42and doesn't stop before dawn.

01:16:44It stopped once during a few months,

01:16:46from January to March 2010.

01:16:48It was probably due to drought

01:16:50or maybe there was no electricity.

01:16:52In 1991,

01:16:54a scientist suggested

01:16:56that the phenomenon occurred

01:16:58because of the cold and hot air currents

01:17:00in the region.

01:17:02According to another theory,

01:17:04lightning could be due to the presence of uranium

01:17:06in the rock substrate.

01:17:08Speaking of lightning, I have to go.

01:17:10Bye!

01:17:12Have you ever seen a fire rainbow?

01:17:14Yeah, me neither.

01:17:16And a circumhorizontal arc?

01:17:18I don't think so,

01:17:20but just so you know, it's the same thing.

01:17:22At first glance, it looks like a painting

01:17:24or a large rainbow-colored

01:17:26trace in the sky.

01:17:28Despite their name,

01:17:30they have nothing to do with fire or rain.

01:17:32This phenomenon occurs on rare occasions

01:17:34when the sun shines through

01:17:36a certain formation of clouds

01:17:38filled with ice.

01:17:40The colors of the rainbow are just as unique.

01:17:42Here again,

01:17:44a specific type of ice crystal

01:17:46must be present in the clouds

01:17:48so that the Earth's surface

01:17:50curves the sun's light into a perfect ring.

01:17:52The same thing can happen

01:17:54with the moon's light.

01:17:56The only difference is that the lunar halos

01:17:58are generally white

01:18:00and that the solar halos

01:18:02can be rainbow-colored.

01:18:04When you visit high-altitude regions,

01:18:06you can be one of the few lucky ones

01:18:08to see snow penitents.

01:18:10In fact, they are ice peaks

01:18:12naturally formed.

01:18:14To form them,

01:18:16you need a really cold environment

01:18:18at a height where the air is dry.

01:18:20The sun's light directly transforms

01:18:22the ice into steam

01:18:24rather than melting it into water.

01:18:26This is why these snow and ice blades

01:18:28begin to appear on the Earth's surface.

01:18:30As graceful as they may be,

01:18:32they can reach a height

01:18:34of nearly 5 meters.

01:18:36What happens when small drops of lava

01:18:38meet the wind?

01:18:40Well, it's the hair of a hairpin.

01:18:42Let me explain.

01:18:44The word hairpin comes from the ancient Hawaiian goddess

01:18:46of volcanoes.

01:18:48Every time the wind carries small drops of lava,

01:18:50it stretches them to form braids

01:18:52similar to hair,

01:18:54a bit like in the process of creating

01:18:56a glass thread.

01:18:58These delicate braids can stretch up to 2 meters.

01:19:00On rare occasions,

01:19:02it can rain without any clouds.

01:19:04But does it really rain?

01:19:06Let's examine the scientific aspects

01:19:08of this rare phenomenon.

01:19:10It is sometimes called a sunburst

01:19:12because it seems like the rain

01:19:14falls straight from our star.

01:19:16But let's be clear,

01:19:18it is impossible for rain to fall directly from the sun.

01:19:20Rain clouds are at a certain distance

01:19:22from where it rains.

01:19:24When the sun's rays are oriented

01:19:26in a certain way,

01:19:28the clouds are out of sight.

01:19:30Add a little wind to blow the rain in your direction

01:19:32and abracadabra,

01:19:34you get sunbursts.

01:19:36In Bolivia,

01:19:38there is a place called the Salar de Uyuni.

01:19:40It is the largest salt desert in the world,

01:19:42measuring about

01:19:4410,580 km².

01:19:46This is also where

01:19:48half of the planet's lithium is located,

01:19:50a crucial element in the manufacture of batteries.

01:19:52But who else

01:19:54is so special in this place?

01:19:56Every time the rainy season arrives,

01:19:58it transforms this flat earth

01:20:00into a mirrored lake,

01:20:02perfectly reflective.

01:20:04What comes to your mind

01:20:06when you hear about a blood cascade?

01:20:08A horror movie?

01:20:10Well, it is simply a series of waterfalls

01:20:12located in one of the driest regions

01:20:14of Antarctica.

01:20:16They emerge from an underground lake

01:20:18filled with a certain type of bacteria.

01:20:20These small organisms use sulfates

01:20:22as nutrients instead of sugar,

01:20:24which makes them fascinating for scientists.

01:20:26The water contained in this lake

01:20:28is so saturated with iron

01:20:30that it simply rusts in contact with the air.

01:20:32Hence the reddish color of the waterfall

01:20:34that is worth its name.

01:20:36Ok, we all know the song

01:20:38« Rose du désert » by Sting,

01:20:40but it is not totally imaginary.

01:20:42There is indeed a thing called

01:20:44the rose of the sands.

01:20:46It is not a plant,

01:20:48but a unique formation of gypsum.

01:20:50It develops in dry and sandy places

01:20:52that can occasionally be flooded.

01:20:54This constant passage

01:20:56allows the crystals of gypsum

01:20:58to emerge between the grains of sand

01:21:00and imprison them in a form of rose.

01:21:02Have you ever heard of the eye of Africa?

01:21:04Scientists always try to understand

01:21:06how it was formed.

01:21:08You can only see it if you fly over it.

01:21:10But it is actually a natural dome.

01:21:12Richard's structure

01:21:14was formed about 100 million years ago.

01:21:16And no, I was not there at the time.

01:21:18It has an approximate diameter

01:21:20of 40 km

01:21:22and consists of several concentric rings.

01:21:24The largest,

01:21:26or the central zone,

01:21:28measures about 30 km in diameter.

01:21:30Astronauts were among the first

01:21:32to notice it,

01:21:34and it has been studied extensively since.

01:21:36Even today,

01:21:38when astronauts land in Florida,

01:21:40they know they are almost home

01:21:42when they see the eye of Africa.

01:21:44One of the most beautifully colored trees

01:21:46in the world is found in the Philippines

01:21:48and Indonesia.

01:21:50It is called the rainbow eucalyptus.

01:21:52Its name comes from its bark,

01:21:54which changes color and detaches

01:21:56as the tree ages.

01:21:58The greenish bark is the youngest

01:22:00because it is full of chlorophyll,

01:22:02which is usually found in the leaves.

01:22:04It then turns purple,

01:22:06then red.

01:22:08Finally, it turns brown as it grows

01:22:10and loses its chlorophyll.

01:22:12Don't get the illusion

01:22:14that there is a whole forest here.

01:22:16It's actually just one tree.

01:22:18And no, it's not a kind of optical illusion either.

01:22:20Let me explain.

01:22:22Under the Earth,

01:22:24there is a complex network of roots

01:22:26that connects about 47,000 tree forms

01:22:28that emerge from the ground.

01:22:30It is called the faux-tremble poplar.

01:22:32Some of these trees are part

01:22:34of the oldest and largest organisms in the world.

01:22:36This is a good destination

01:22:38for all travelers.

01:22:40Well, maybe not as good as that, actually.

01:22:42The area most frequently affected

01:22:44by lightning in the world,

01:22:46according to recent data published by NASA,

01:22:48is the Maracaibo Lake in Venezuela.

01:22:50On average,

01:22:52300 thunderstorms occur here

01:22:54every day of the year.

01:22:56But what makes this region so unique

01:22:58that thunderstorms occur so often?

01:23:00Well, it's because it's here

01:23:02that the cool air of the mountains

01:23:04meets the hot and humid breeze of the lake,

01:23:06which generates electricity above it.

01:23:08The eternal flame falls

01:23:10are located in the north of New York

01:23:12near the Canadian border.

01:23:14In this region,

01:23:16there is a small waterfall

01:23:18that hides a great secret,

01:23:20a fireball about 20 cm high.

01:23:22It turns out

01:23:24that a burst of natural gas

01:23:26feeds the flame behind this waterfall.

01:23:28The waterfall, on the other hand,

01:23:30provides enough coverage

01:23:32to keep it on almost all the time.

01:23:34Hikers like to turn it back on

01:23:36if they see that it has gone out.

01:23:38This phenomenon is quite common,

01:23:40but this example has gained popularity

01:23:42because it is more recent than most.

01:23:44Let's be honest,

01:23:46I've heard of yellow sand,

01:23:48white sand and even black sand

01:23:50here and there,

01:23:52but I've never heard of green sand

01:23:54until now.

01:23:56Papakohela, also known as

01:23:58Green Sand Beach,

01:24:00is located in Hawaii

01:24:02and is one of the rare beaches

01:24:04in the world to present green sand.

01:24:06This unique color comes from

01:24:08the olivine rock that formed

01:24:10during the eruption of a nearby volcano.

01:24:12Forget about the green sand,

01:24:14because some other beaches

01:24:16in the world can even shine at night

01:24:18and it's completely natural.

01:24:20The one responsible for this

01:24:22is a small thing called phytoplankton

01:24:24or microalgae, as they are sometimes called.

01:24:26They are actually small plants

01:24:28that contain chlorophyll

01:24:30and need sunlight to live

01:24:32and develop.

01:24:34Most types of phytoplankton

01:24:36can float in the upper part of the ocean

01:24:38where sunlight can still reach them

01:24:40and live underwater.

01:24:42When phytoplankton is shaken

01:24:44by the movement of waves and currents,

01:24:46it emits light,

01:24:48which gives the impression

01:24:50that some of them shine at night.

01:24:52These special microorganisms

01:24:54can be found on the beaches

01:24:56of many places in the world,

01:24:58such as the Maldives,

01:25:00Puerto Rico and the Everglades.

01:25:02At the foot of a mountain

01:25:04located near Afton,

01:25:06in Wyoming,

01:25:08what makes this small stream of water so mysterious?

01:25:10Maybe the fact that it starts and stops

01:25:12every few minutes.

01:25:14Scientists have not yet found

01:25:16the precise reason for this phenomenon.

01:25:18They think it is simply a siphon effect

01:25:20that occurs in the depths of the ground

01:25:22and causes the river to start

01:25:24and stop frequently.

01:25:26If you want to take a look at it,

01:25:28make sure you do it at the end of the summer

01:25:30because it is at this moment that the intermittent source

01:25:32is the most active.

01:25:34Well, for once, it's just a way of speaking.

01:25:38Here is John.

01:25:40John seems to attract bad weather

01:25:42and all kinds of natural disasters

01:25:44wherever he goes.

01:25:46One day, John notices

01:25:48that his dog is agitated.

01:25:50The dog keeps scratching

01:25:52on the front door and getting agitated in the house.

01:25:54He even tries to hide in a corner

01:25:56by barking and barking.

01:25:58When cups start to tint in the closet,

01:26:00John understands what that means.

01:26:02The noise is produced by precursor shocks,

01:26:04mini earthquakes

01:26:06that precede the main event.

01:26:08Earthquakes often occur in groups.

01:26:10After a few small earthquakes,

01:26:12it is likely that a bigger one

01:26:14is in preparation.

01:26:16Prior to the disaster,

01:26:18we can also notice strange blue lights.

01:26:20Some of them seem to come out of the ground,

01:26:22others float in the air.

01:26:24These are earthquake lights.

01:26:26They can appear

01:26:28several days or a few seconds

01:26:30before the ground starts to shake.

01:26:32Now, John walks along

01:26:34the coast of the ocean.

01:26:36Suddenly, he sees the water

01:26:38retreating from the beach

01:26:40at lightning speed.

01:26:42John, my friend,

01:26:44flees as fast as possible

01:26:46and finds a high point.

01:26:48A tsunami is coming

01:26:50and your life could depend

01:26:52on the speed of your reaction.

01:26:54If John spots an unexpected rise

01:26:56in the sea level,

01:26:58it could be another sign

01:27:00of the approach of a tsunami.

01:27:02A much, much bigger tsunami

01:27:04will arrive about 10 minutes later.

01:27:06John can also notice

01:27:08that the sea water is boiling,

01:27:10swirling and creating strange patterns.

01:27:12It is another sign

01:27:14that a tsunami is coming.

01:27:16Now, John feels

01:27:18that something is wrong with the sun.

01:27:20Through his very polarized

01:27:22special sunglasses,

01:27:24he sees irregular eruptions

01:27:26around the star's outline.

01:27:28If these strange rays are accompanied

01:27:30by the sun,

01:27:32they are the sign

01:27:34of a solar storm.

01:27:36These storms are usually caused

01:27:38by disturbances in the magnetic field

01:27:40of the sun.

01:27:42In this case,

01:27:44the explosions of gas and radiation

01:27:46on the surface of the sun

01:27:48become so massive and powerful

01:27:50that they can even reach our planet.

01:27:52Fortunately, solar storms

01:27:54are not really dangerous

01:27:56for people,

01:27:58but they can be very dangerous

01:28:00for the environment.

01:28:02When a storm is approaching,

01:28:04something hits it on the forehead.

01:28:06Ouch!

01:28:08It picks up the object in question.

01:28:10It's a hail.

01:28:12However, it is not cold enough outside

01:28:14and it does not rain.

01:28:16Soon, he hears a noise

01:28:18that approaches quickly

01:28:20and turns into a loud roar.

01:28:22It looks like a freight train

01:28:24is rushing towards him.

01:28:26Something is happening.

01:28:28Are you on the road, John?

01:28:30Then get as far away as possible

01:28:32from your car.

01:28:34Quick, find a ditch,

01:28:36lie down in it and cover your head.

01:28:38Are you inside?

01:28:40Then get away from the windows

01:28:42and go down to the basement if possible.

01:28:44And please be very careful

01:28:46if you see conical-shaped clouds.

01:28:48This means violent storms.

01:28:50And if you notice that such a cloud

01:28:52begins to turn on itself,

01:28:54the cloud is turning into a tornado

01:28:56under your eyes.

01:28:58The good news is that John

01:29:00only has to worry about hot conical clouds

01:29:02because cold clouds are totally harmless.

01:29:04The only problem is that you have to be able

01:29:06to determine the temperature of the cloud

01:29:08just by looking at it.

01:29:10John has just spotted strange-shaped trees.

01:29:12They look like the letter J

01:29:14and grow on a slope.

01:29:16This means that the ground under John's feet

01:29:18is probably unstable.

01:29:20If he continues to walk here,

01:29:22he will have a dangerous landslide.

01:29:24Square waves appear

01:29:26when two different shapes of waves

01:29:28collide with each other.

01:29:30This phenomenon is rather beautiful to see,

01:29:32but no, don't go in the water, John.

01:29:34Keep looking at it from the shore.

01:29:36Cross currents at this place

01:29:38can easily cause even the most experienced

01:29:40swimmer to drown.

01:29:42John continues to walk along the shore.

01:29:44At some point, he sees violent and agitated waves

01:29:46carrying oceanic debris and algae.

01:29:48This time, he stays out of the water.

01:29:50He knows that this can be the sign

01:29:52of a strong current of return

01:29:54that can take a swimmer very far offshore.

01:29:56What would you say now

01:29:58about a walk in the park?

01:30:00John likes this idea.

01:30:02The sun shines and the sky is blue.

01:30:04Suddenly, he sees a vertical cloud

01:30:06that grows rapidly.

01:30:08At first, it looks like a sparkling white,

01:30:10but as it approaches

01:30:12at an alarming speed,

01:30:14it becomes dense and dark.

01:30:16The sky darkens.

01:30:18It is then that John notices

01:30:20that his hair is standing on his head.

01:30:22This is the sign that he is about

01:30:24to be hit by lightning.

01:30:26At this precise moment, positive charges

01:30:28rise from his body.

01:30:30They head towards the negatively charged part of the storm.

01:30:32If he does not react quickly,

01:30:34these charges will meet.

01:30:36There is nowhere to hide,

01:30:38so John has to crouch

01:30:40and try to make himself smaller

01:30:42than the objects around him.

01:30:44Oh no, John, don't lie on the ground.

01:30:46He is therefore an electrician.

01:30:48There are other signs

01:30:50that indicate the danger

01:30:52during an electric storm.

01:30:54John's palms can start to sweat.

01:30:56He can hear strange cracks

01:30:58and rumbles coming from metal objects

01:31:00nearby.

01:31:02His skin can start to itch.

01:31:04He can feel a strange metallic taste

01:31:06in his mouth.

01:31:08In addition, it is likely that John

01:31:10smells chlorine, which is ozone.

01:31:12Electric charges divide

01:31:14nitrogen and oxygen molecules,

01:31:16which are the main gases

01:31:18in the atmosphere, into separate atoms.

01:31:20When these atoms meet again,

01:31:22some of them produce molecules

01:31:24made up of three oxygen atoms.

01:31:26It's ozone.

01:31:28You can smell it during a storm

01:31:30because the downward currents

01:31:32bring this gas from high altitudes

01:31:34to our level.

01:31:36Some insects can feel a storm coming.

01:31:38They prepare for the natural disaster

01:31:40by freezing.

01:31:42John seems to be sleepy.

01:31:44He knows he has to get ready.

01:31:46Oh, and bees can predict

01:31:48heavy rainstorms.

01:31:50They start to work much harder

01:31:52the day before it starts to rain.

01:31:54As he walks near the river

01:31:56during a period of heavy rain,

01:31:58John hears a rustle.

01:32:00He is paralyzed by fear.

01:32:02It is probably a sudden creek

01:32:04heading in his direction.

01:32:06Indeed, he soon sees debris

01:32:08coming down with the current.

01:32:10The water becomes muddy and dark.

01:32:12Craters are very dangerous.

01:32:14So be on the lookout,

01:32:16Johnny!

01:32:18Another day,

01:32:20John sees a spectacular wall cloud.

01:32:22It seems to extend over 8 km.

01:32:24In the best case,

01:32:26it is simply a violent storm coming.

01:32:28But if the wall cloud

01:32:30starts to move in circles,

01:32:32it is the sign of a tornado.

01:32:34John walks on an ice field

01:32:36in the mountains,

01:32:38and sees what the ice is doing under his feet.

01:32:40The noise is rather hollow.

01:32:42Quick, John!

01:32:44Check if there are cracks

01:32:46around your footprints.

01:32:48If so, there is a good chance

01:32:50that an avalanche is about to occur.

01:32:52Soon, John actually sees

01:32:54an avalanche moving in his direction.

01:32:56He does his best to leave the slope.

01:32:58In most cases,

01:33:00he could probably distance it

01:33:02by heading down the slope

01:33:04and then heading to the side.

01:33:06But this time,

01:33:08he realizes that he does not have enough time

01:33:10and goes to the nearest tree.

01:33:12If John hangs on very tight,

01:33:14the avalanche may not drag him.

01:33:16But if it does not work,

01:33:18he must try to swim

01:33:20to the surface of the avalanche

01:33:22as long as it is still moving.

01:33:24By a beautiful summer evening,

01:33:26John notices that leaves with flexible stems

01:33:28suddenly disappear.

01:33:30Ah, it may be because of a storm to come.

01:33:32Just before the arrival of a storm,

01:33:34the leaves are heavy

01:33:36and the wind turns them easily.

01:33:38John lives in a fairly old house

01:33:40and is used to seeing cracks

01:33:42in the inner walls.

01:33:44But one day, he notices

01:33:46that some of them have widened.

01:33:48And look, there is also news.

01:33:50It's a warning signal.

01:33:52He lives in a very limestone region,

01:33:54so new cracks can mean

01:33:56that a gulf is about to open

01:33:58next to his house.

01:34:00John rushes home

01:34:02and is surprised.

01:34:04He seems straight out of a science fiction movie.

01:34:06He forms when hot and humid air

01:34:08is caught in a stormy current.

01:34:10And these bad weather clouds

01:34:12most often mean that a storm is preparing.

01:34:16Some claim that interacting with animals

01:34:18would be beneficial for our health.

01:34:20Sorry to tell them,

01:34:22but it really does not apply to all creatures.

01:34:24To be sure that you are not wrong,

01:34:26let's focus on some of those

01:34:28that you would do better to avoid.

01:34:30And especially their kisses.

01:34:32It is unlikely

01:34:34that you would like to touch

01:34:36glass right away.

01:34:38But avoid ribbon glasses above all.

01:34:40They are easy to spot

01:34:42because these long and sharp creatures

01:34:44are often bright colors.

01:34:46Some prosper in the oceans.

01:34:48While other species

01:34:50can also live on land.

01:34:52Ribbon glasses

01:34:54have a particular characteristic,

01:34:56a proboscis,

01:34:58which is a tongue

01:35:00that they use to capture

01:35:02and eat our prey.

01:35:04This proboscis is very flexible

01:35:06and can stretch to catch food

01:35:08or wrap around objects.

01:35:10Some ribbon glasses

01:35:12are also venomous

01:35:14and capable of injecting harmful substances

01:35:16into their prey.

01:35:18In addition, they can also secrete

01:35:20a viscous substance capable of irritating the skin.

01:35:24Let's also look at the marine cone.

01:35:26It lives in the ocean,

01:35:28generally in warm and shallow waters

01:35:30near coral reefs.

01:35:32It can decline in many colors

01:35:34and different patterns

01:35:36and uses its elongated shell to hide.

01:35:38It also has a long tongue

01:35:40which can be quite dangerous

01:35:42and is called radula.

01:35:44The snail uses it to catch its prey.

01:35:46Inside this tongue

01:35:48are tiny sharp teeth.

01:35:50When the marine cone sees a fish

01:35:52or another small animal,

01:35:54it sticks out its tongue and projects it,

01:35:56like a harpoon, towards its prey.

01:35:58This harpoon is coated with venom

01:36:00which can make the prey very sick.

01:36:02Its venom can also be harmful

01:36:04to humans.

01:36:06So you have to be very careful

01:36:08around these marine cones.

01:36:10Humans and prey

01:36:12have had a rather complicated relationship

01:36:14over time.

01:36:16If you've never heard of it,

01:36:18it's a kind of fish

01:36:20that looks like eels

01:36:22and has a particularity.

01:36:24It has a tube-shaped mouth

01:36:26with scary teeth.

01:36:28They are parasites

01:36:30that attach to other fish

01:36:32and feed on their blood and tissues.

01:36:34They can be found both in fresh water

01:36:36and in salt water.

01:36:38And despite their terrifying appearance,

01:36:40people have been eating them for a long time.

01:36:42It was once a delicacy

01:36:44particularly popular among aristocrats,

01:36:46starting with kings and other emperors.

01:36:48There is even a story about a king

01:36:50who had eaten so many eels

01:36:52that he ended up dying from it.

01:36:54As delicious as they may seem to certain,

01:36:56they are not less dangerous

01:36:58than roses.

01:37:00They are a source of problems

01:37:02for humans.

01:37:04Because they can attach to their skin

01:37:06and use their teeth

01:37:08to feed on blood

01:37:10and tissues of their hosts.

01:37:12This is what earned them the nickname

01:37:14of vampire fish.

01:37:16Eels can cause major damage

01:37:18such as serious infections

01:37:20or blood loss.

01:37:22In addition, the wounds they cause

01:37:24can be difficult to heal

01:37:26and can sometimes leave scars.

01:37:28Eels may not be

01:37:30the fish of your dreams,

01:37:32but they are real canons of beauty

01:37:34compared to their cousins,

01:37:36the myxines.

01:37:38The myxine is also a viscous fish

01:37:40similar to a eel

01:37:42that lives in the ocean.

01:37:44It has a long and sticky body

01:37:46Instead, it has a layer of mucus

01:37:48that it can secrete

01:37:50to protect itself from predators

01:37:52or to help it move in the water.

01:37:54Myxines are carnivores

01:37:56who feed on dead animals

01:37:58they find in the ocean.

01:38:00Fortunately, they are not known

01:38:02to attack humans,

01:38:04but you would do better

01:38:06to avoid their dirty business.

01:38:08Especially because they can transmit

01:38:10a lot of harmful bacteria

01:38:12since myxines do not feed

01:38:14You see what I mean.

01:38:16They can be a problem

01:38:18for divers and fishermen

01:38:20because they can produce a mucus

01:38:22capable of obstructing

01:38:24fishing nets

01:38:26and making the water cloudy.

01:38:36A fish nicknamed

01:38:38the spare shark

01:38:40it may seem cute

01:38:42but the other name of this creature

01:38:44is the ferocious squall.

01:38:46These are small fish

01:38:48who owe their name to the unique

01:38:50way they feed.

01:38:52They have a small circular mouth

01:38:54and which is provided

01:38:56with a series of terrifying teeth.

01:38:58These allow sharks

01:39:00to take perfectly round pieces

01:39:02directly to their prey.

01:39:04Just like a coin purse

01:39:06leaves its mark on a piece of leg.

01:39:08You will find them in the tropical waters

01:39:10of the entire world

01:39:12and what is even more dangerous

01:39:14is that they often swim

01:39:16near the surface of the water.

01:39:18So people are more likely

01:39:20to come into contact with these fish

01:39:22while they are swimming.

01:39:24Have you ever heard of the panda

01:39:26of garbage?

01:39:28If you have never heard of it

01:39:30before,

01:39:32it is actually the nickname

01:39:34of this raccoon.

01:39:36These furry little animals

01:39:38are often found

01:39:40near forests

01:39:42and are more active at night.

01:39:44Despite their innocent appearance,

01:39:46raccoons can be dangerous

01:39:48if they lick you.

01:39:50It is because their saliva

01:39:52can contain a lot of harmful bacteria

01:39:54or diseases.

01:39:56It is preferable to avoid

01:39:58any contact with raccoons

01:40:00and to request emergency medical help

01:40:02if you have been licked

01:40:04or bitten by one of them.

01:40:06I think you have never met

01:40:08the Bolitoglossa macrini

01:40:10or salamander of Oaxaca

01:40:12are quite small,

01:40:14but did you know

01:40:16that its tongue was dangerous?

01:40:18Strangely, it is because of its speed.

01:40:20This type of salamander

01:40:22is found in the Mexican region

01:40:24of Oaxaca.

01:40:26It has a black or dark brown body

01:40:28as well as yellow or orange marks

01:40:30on the legs and tail.

01:40:32This creature spends

01:40:34most of its time in the wild.

01:40:36It is nocturnal

01:40:38and when it feels threatened,

01:40:40it can release a disgusting substance

01:40:42around its skin

01:40:44to protect itself from predators.

01:40:46However, a new study has discovered

01:40:48that this famous salamander

01:40:50possessed the most powerful muscle

01:40:52of the animal kingdom.

01:40:54It can project it with such force

01:40:56that a blow from it

01:40:58can cause serious damage

01:41:00and it can also extend its tongue

01:41:02to its head.

01:41:04Salamanders are quite

01:41:06widespread domestic animals.

01:41:08If you have ever spent time

01:41:10at the farm, you have certainly

01:41:12met these robust birds.

01:41:14Although they may seem clumsy,

01:41:16salamanders can very quickly

01:41:18become aggressive when it comes

01:41:20to protecting their territory

01:41:22and offspring.

01:41:24It is therefore not surprising

01:41:26that some farms use

01:41:28these birds as guard dogs.

01:41:30They can alert the owner

01:41:32if something unusual

01:41:34happens outside.

01:41:36That said,

01:41:38salamanders can be dangerous

01:41:40if they bite you.

01:41:42Their beaks can cause injuries

01:41:44and can also carry bacteria

01:41:46capable of causing many other problems.

01:41:48It is important to avoid

01:41:50approaching or interacting

01:41:52with salamanders in a way

01:41:54that could cause them to bite.

01:41:56The list of animals

01:41:58that can bite you

01:42:00is not limited to wild animals.

01:42:02Let us also focus on those

01:42:04who are domesticated,

01:42:06such as cats.

01:42:08Their tongue is full of small thorns

01:42:10oriented backwards

01:42:12called papillae,

01:42:14which help them to toilet and eat.

01:42:16These papillae are made of keratin,

01:42:18the same protein found

01:42:20in human nails and hair.

01:42:22If you have ever been bitten by a cat,

01:42:24you know this feeling.

01:42:26The cat's rough tongue

01:42:28can cause irritation

01:42:30on any type of skin

01:42:32if it is used aggressively

01:42:34and repeatedly.

01:42:38It is the same with dogs.

01:42:40Yours probably has bacteria

01:42:42in your mouth,

01:42:44which could cause you a lot of problems.

01:42:46Dogs can get in contact

01:42:48with these bacteria by sniffing

01:42:50or eating the waste

01:42:52of other animals

01:42:54Bacteria are present

01:42:56in their bodies,

01:42:58but they do not seem to be affected,

01:43:00which can lead us to believe

01:43:02that they are perfectly healthy.

01:43:04If you do not want to get sick

01:43:06because of the filth

01:43:08present in your dog's mouth,

01:43:10avoid letting them lick

01:43:12your mouth or your nose

01:43:14and wash your hands

01:43:16and face after

01:43:18giving them a bath.

01:43:20However, if your companion

01:43:22cannot stop you from kissing him,

01:43:24kissing your dog on the cheek

01:43:26rather than on the muzzle

01:43:28is the safest option.

01:43:30Letting your animals lick you

01:43:32can encourage undesirable behaviors

01:43:34such as demanding food

01:43:36or attention.

01:43:38Some animals can even carry

01:43:40allergenic factors

01:43:42that can be transmitted to humans

01:43:44by their saliva.

01:43:46You are hiking in the wild

01:43:48looking for a safe place

01:43:50to set up your camp.

01:43:52You only hear the leaves

01:43:54and branches cracking under your feet.

01:43:56Squirrels are running in a tree over there,

01:43:58but suddenly something unexpected

01:44:00happens.

01:44:02You notice something strange in the distance.

01:44:04Between the trees,

01:44:06it looks like a kind of concrete structure.

01:44:08Weird.

01:44:10At this moment, you are already

01:44:12about thirty kilometers in the woods

01:44:14and there is no city or village

01:44:16nearby.

01:44:18You decide to go out

01:44:20with your friends

01:44:22to take a closer look.

01:44:24But as you get closer,

01:44:26you realize that there is nothing else here.

01:44:28Hmm, what is this thing

01:44:30doing there, literally

01:44:32in the middle of nowhere?

01:44:34And it doesn't seem to be leading to anything.

01:44:36You put on your Sherlock Holmes hat

01:44:38and you start the investigation.

01:44:40Let's see, maybe there was

01:44:42an old house or a mansion here

01:44:44that collapsed over the years

01:44:46and the only thing left is this staircase.

01:44:48But strangely,

01:44:50after going around this strange structure,

01:44:52you realize that there is

01:44:54no trace of ruin

01:44:56or even foundation.

01:44:58It's as if someone had cut a staircase

01:45:00from his house, like in a cake,

01:45:02and had placed it here

01:45:04for no reason.

01:45:06OK. Your friends and you

01:45:08didn't really want to get close to you.

01:45:10Something is ringing.

01:45:12The more you look at this structure,

01:45:14the more you think you feel

01:45:16a scary presence.

01:45:18Something tells you that you should

01:45:20probably leave the area

01:45:22as soon as possible.

01:45:24As strange as it may seem,

01:45:26these discoveries of incongruous stairs

01:45:28hanging alone in the woods

01:45:30are surprisingly common.

01:45:32Some are made of wood,

01:45:34others of brick or stone.

01:45:36Some look old, while others

01:45:38seem to have been finished the day before.

01:45:40The only thing they all have in common

01:45:42is that they all end up

01:45:44in very mysterious places.

01:45:46One of the most famous

01:45:48is in Chesterfield,

01:45:50in New Hampshire.

01:45:52A medieval-looking long staircase

01:45:54made of stone with Roman vaults

01:45:56in the middle of the woods.

01:45:58It is thought that it was part of

01:46:00Madame Antoinette Chéry's castle,

01:46:02a Parisian singer of the crazy years.

01:46:04This castle would be almost a century old,

01:46:06and it was rediscovered in 1962.

01:46:08This time again,

01:46:10there was nothing but a staircase.

01:46:12Another old, mysterious staircase

01:46:14dates from 9,000 years ago.

01:46:16It is in a forest in Italy.

01:46:18It looks like a flight of steps

01:46:20leading to a tiny platform

01:46:22at the top.

01:46:24Why bother building it

01:46:26if it leads nowhere?

01:46:28Well, some experts think

01:46:30it could be a kind of tower

01:46:32with a ritual function,

01:46:34but that's just a guess.

01:46:36There is a geoid anomaly

01:46:38simply known as

01:46:40the Indian Ocean Depression.

01:46:42It produces the largest

01:46:44gravitational force in the world.

01:46:46The deposits of heavy minerals,

01:46:48the numerous pits in deep water

01:46:50and the magma reservoirs

01:46:52disrupt the magnetic field

01:46:54in this area.

01:46:56Earth's gravity changes

01:46:58in different parts of the planet.

01:47:00This allows researchers to study

01:47:02certain models and understand

01:47:04what happens under the surface.

01:47:06Higher gravity usually means

01:47:08that the materials are denser

01:47:10below and vice versa.

01:47:12Some scientists think

01:47:14the anomaly could be a crevasse

01:47:16in the mantle of the planet

01:47:18going up to the Earth's crust.

01:47:20The island of Niaou

01:47:22seems to be getting by

01:47:24with all modern technology.

01:47:26There is no car there

01:47:28because the inhabitants walk or cycle.

01:47:30No wonder they look fit.

01:47:32They live without running water,

01:47:34electricity and shops.

01:47:36The only school on the island

01:47:38is powered by solar energy

01:47:40with a power generator.

01:47:42The only school in the state

01:47:44is powered by the sun.

01:47:46A resident of the island

01:47:48explains some basic rules

01:47:50that permanent residents must follow.

01:47:52If they break them,

01:47:54they can be expelled.

01:47:56Now, not far from Bangkok,

01:47:58in the northeast of Thailand,

01:48:00there is a rock formation

01:48:02that dates back 75 million years.

01:48:04These rocks look like three whales

01:48:06swimming together.

01:48:08This magnificent pattern,

01:48:10created by nature,

01:48:12is now known as the Three Whale Rock.

01:48:14Millions of years ago,

01:48:16this region was nothing but a desert.

01:48:18But the Earth was changing.

01:48:20Little by little,

01:48:22the ridge was moved away

01:48:24by tectonic plates and erosion.

01:48:26This is how these spectacular formations

01:48:28were created.

01:48:30If you walk around the Three Whales,

01:48:32you will find waterfalls,

01:48:34a fauna and abundant flora.

01:48:36Located on the peninsulas

01:48:38of the Yamal and the Guidane,

01:48:40these vast pits were discovered

01:48:42in 2014.

01:48:44They seem to be constantly evolving.

01:48:46The pits tend to widen

01:48:48so that people

01:48:50spot them more and more often.

01:48:52Of course, the theories about

01:48:54how they appeared are not lacking.

01:48:56The hypotheses range from the impact

01:48:58of ancient civilizations.

01:49:00But the most common explanation

01:49:02is that it was methane

01:49:04that reacted to water molecules

01:49:06after the planet's permafrost

01:49:08began to melt.

01:49:10This would have caused methane bubbles

01:49:12to burst through the ice.

01:49:14These craters could be thousands of years old,

01:49:16but no one knows for sure.

01:49:18You find yourself in New Mexico,

01:49:20in the small town of Taos.

01:49:222% of the inhabitants hear

01:49:24a strange rumble in the air every day.

01:49:26Some believe that this sound

01:49:28is linked in one way or another

01:49:30to the technologies used

01:49:32by the senders of other galaxies.

01:49:34There is also a legend

01:49:36that something sinister

01:49:38would happen in the city.

01:49:40They say that Taos is cursed.

01:49:42A bad spirit or some ghosts

01:49:44would punish people for a mistake

01:49:46made by their ancestors in the past.

01:49:48Scientists still can't explain

01:49:50the nature of this sound.

01:49:52Another theory suggests

01:49:54that it is the unusual sound

01:49:56of the place,

01:49:58while others believe

01:50:00that this rumble

01:50:02is just a collective hallucination.

01:50:04Some could hear it

01:50:06for the simple reason

01:50:08that everyone talks about it

01:50:10and our minds would generate

01:50:12the illusion of a sound

01:50:14that does not really exist.

01:50:16This sound is not the same

01:50:18for everyone.

01:50:20For some, it is a serious vibration,

01:50:22while others claim to have heard it.

01:50:24Some inhabitants of a small village

01:50:26in Scotland describe it

01:50:28as a serious and thick rumble.

01:50:30While the inhabitants of Florida

01:50:32would also have distinguished

01:50:34a similar sound.

01:50:36We don't know exactly

01:50:38when this phenomenon appeared,

01:50:40but the first time the press

01:50:42started talking about it

01:50:44was in the 1970s in England.

01:50:46In addition, there are written traces

01:50:48of a mysterious rumble

01:50:50According to some estimates,

01:50:52only about 2% of people on the planet

01:50:54can hear this famous rumble.

01:50:56Maybe their ears

01:50:58pick up low-frequency waves,

01:51:00or maybe the reason is something else.

01:51:02A volcano in Indonesia

01:51:04spits out bright blue lava

01:51:06and produces electric blue and violet flames.

01:51:08This phenomenon occurs

01:51:10because this volcano has

01:51:12one of the highest levels of sulfur in the world.

01:51:14It also has a rather characteristic

01:51:16nauseating smell.

01:51:18But I'm wrong.

01:51:20When sulfuric gases interact

01:51:22with hot and burning air,

01:51:24they are ignited by the lava and become blue.

01:51:26You can also find the largest

01:51:28acid lake in the world

01:51:30inside this crater.

01:51:32Yes, this place is a real trap.

01:51:34It's not for nothing that rivers

01:51:36and underwater lakes are called

01:51:38underwater pools.

01:51:40High salinity makes the water

01:51:42that is there denser

01:51:44than the surrounding sea water.

01:51:46Rivers and lakes

01:51:48even have their own waves,

01:51:50and these waves can sometimes

01:51:52hit the shores.

01:51:54If you went down in a submarine,

01:51:56it would easily float on the surface

01:51:58of a pool of seawater.

01:52:00But without a submarine,

01:52:02swimming in such an environment

01:52:04would be too risky.

01:52:06It contains too much methane

01:52:08and toxic hydrogen sulfide.

01:52:10Yes, I would have fun too,

01:52:12but have fun.

01:52:14This is one of the most unique

01:52:16crystalline lakes in the world.

01:52:18Thanks to the extremely rare conditions

01:52:20that reign in the cave,

01:52:22the crystals reach phenomenal sizes.

01:52:24The air is incredibly humid

01:52:26and the water contains tons of minerals

01:52:28that stimulate the growth

01:52:30of these giant milky whites.

01:52:32Some of them are longer

01:52:34than telephone poles.

01:52:36Cylindrical snowballs occur

01:52:38when a gust of wind

01:52:40starts to roll snow

01:52:42into a ball of snow.

01:52:44But if it were a ball,

01:52:46it would end up being too heavy

01:52:48for the wind to move it.

01:52:50Except that here,

01:52:52the center of the snowball is hollow.

01:52:54This happens because its inner layer

01:52:56is too thin and is carried by the wind

01:52:58as the snowball is formed.

01:53:00And it makes the object lighter

01:53:02than a snowball.

01:53:04This is also why it rolls further.

01:53:06Unfortunately, snowballs are rare

01:53:08because they need very precise conditions

01:53:10The Danakil lake in Ethiopia

01:53:12is probably one of the weirdest places

01:53:14you'll ever see.

01:53:16It is made up of hot springs

01:53:18with neon colors, lava pools

01:53:20and vast salt streams.

01:53:22You have to be particularly careful there.

01:53:24Toxic gases swirl

01:53:26over hydrothermal phenomena

01:53:28and many pools are extremely acidic.

01:53:30So don't go swimming there.

01:53:32Wait at least 30 minutes

01:53:34after lunch.

01:53:36No, I'm kidding.

01:53:38There is nothing mysterious

01:53:40about these 28,000 rubber ducks

01:53:42found in the seas in 1992.

01:53:44A boat carrying toys for the bath

01:53:46lost its cargo in the ocean

01:53:48while it was traveling from Hong Kong

01:53:50to the United States.

01:53:52Some of these ducks still float there

01:53:54several decades later.

01:53:56They have been spotted in South America,

01:53:58Alaska, Hawaii and even Australia.

01:54:00And they still make the bath time

01:54:02so fun.

01:54:04Oh, little ducks!

01:54:06The world's largest tree

01:54:08is so gigantic

01:54:10that it was named General Sherman.

01:54:12It stands proudly

01:54:14in the California Sequoia National Park.

01:54:16Its branches extend

01:54:18to 84 meters in the sky.

01:54:20It is almost as high

01:54:22as the Statue of Liberty.

01:54:24As for its weight,

01:54:26if we could put it on a scale,

01:54:28we would need 400 elephants

01:54:30to balance it all.

01:54:32Its base extends to 11 meters in diameter,

01:54:34but it is not enough

01:54:36to park two sedans

01:54:38end to end.

01:54:40California is the last place

01:54:42where these colossal trees

01:54:44grow naturally.

01:54:46During the Ice Age,

01:54:48they flourished in North America

01:54:50as well as in Europe,

01:54:52but as the glaciers receded,

01:54:54the sequoias gradually disappeared.

01:54:56Today, they thrive

01:54:58all along the western side

01:55:00of the Sierra Nevada Massif

01:55:02in a glacial shallot

01:55:04to quench their thirst.

01:55:06General Sherman attracts thousands

01:55:08of visitors every day

01:55:10and the infrastructure of the park

01:55:12is designed to meet this need.

01:55:14There is only a short walk

01:55:16of eight hundred meters

01:55:18from the nearest parking lot

01:55:20to access this green giant.

01:55:22On the way, a stone gate

01:55:24illustrates the shape and size

01:55:26of the base of the tree

01:55:28to give visitors an idea

01:55:30that this famous sequoia

01:55:32would be between 2300 and 2700 years old

01:55:34and would have witnessed

01:55:36centuries after centuries

01:55:38of upheaval.

01:55:40It sprouted during the first days

01:55:42of the Roman Empire.

01:55:44When the settlers arrived

01:55:46in California at the end of the 9th century,

01:55:48they first tried to exploit

01:55:50these sequoias,

01:55:52thinking that their wood

01:55:54was precious.

01:55:56However, the colossal effort

01:55:58of the settlers also quickly discovered

01:56:00that this type of wood

01:56:02was more fragile than expected

01:56:04and therefore preferred to spare

01:56:06these trees.

01:56:08As for its name, the sequoia

01:56:10owes its name to General William

01:56:12T. Sherman, a famous American

01:56:14military man of the 9th century.

01:56:16Not far from General Sherman

01:56:18is the second largest tree

01:56:20in the world,

01:56:22named General Grant.

01:56:24Discovered years before

01:56:26his homologue, he survived

01:56:28mainly thanks to its thick bark

01:56:30and to its resistant heartwood.

01:56:34As for the oldest tree,

01:56:36we have known for a long time

01:56:38that it is a bristlecone pine

01:56:40from the Great Basin of the United States,

01:56:42named Methuselah.

01:56:44It is also located in California.

01:56:46It has been there for more than 4,800 years,

01:56:48long before the Egyptians built

01:56:50the pyramids of Gizeh.

01:56:52The exact location of this tree

01:56:54to preserve it is a shame.

01:56:56Methuselah and his congeners

01:56:58grow in California, Nevada

01:57:00and Utah, where it is difficult

01:57:02to survive. The region is cold,

01:57:04the soil is dry and the winds

01:57:06fierce. But these robust pine trees

01:57:08have found a way to prosper

01:57:10by extracting their nutrients

01:57:12from the hard and rocky soil of the mountains.

01:57:14Their branches become knotty

01:57:16and twisted because of the winds

01:57:18blowing from all sides

01:57:20as they reach their maturity.

01:57:22This makes them look a little

01:57:24disheveled, but it is an additional

01:57:26protection measure for these trees

01:57:28during powerful storms.

01:57:30Their roots feed only the branches

01:57:32that are just above them.

01:57:34Thus, if a part of the roots

01:57:36is torn, only this part

01:57:38of the tree will be affected.

01:57:42However, there is a new claim

01:57:44for the oldest tree.

01:57:46In Chile, there is a cypress

01:57:48from Patagonia called Granabuelo,

01:57:50which means great-grandfather

01:57:52in Spanish. It could be

01:57:54even older than Matuzalem

01:57:56of about 500 years.

01:57:58This would mean that this tree has seen

01:58:00people walking around since the Bronze Age.

01:58:02To determine the age of a tree,

01:58:04we generally have to look

01:58:06inside and count the cerns.

01:58:08For Granabuelo, however,

01:58:10scientists have used

01:58:12complex calculations to estimate its age.

01:58:14All experts are not yet

01:58:16convinced by this method.

01:58:18No matter how old the tree is,

01:58:20Matuzalem and Granabuelo

01:58:22have seen many changes

01:58:24during their long existence.

01:58:26Each cern of their trunk

01:58:28contains information

01:58:30about the weather of the year

01:58:32it appeared.

01:58:34Researchers can learn a lot

01:58:36about our planet's past climate

01:58:38by studying these ancient trees.

01:58:40The world's largest tree

01:58:42is also forbidden to visitors,

01:58:44but it is a recent security measure.

01:58:46Its name is Hyperion

01:58:48and it is located

01:58:50in the Redwood National Park

01:58:52in California.

01:58:54Reaching a vertiginous height

01:58:56of 116 meters,

01:58:58it is a coastal sequoia,

01:59:00larger than the length

01:59:02of a football field.

01:59:04Named after a titan

01:59:06of Greek mythology,

01:59:08Hyperion was discovered

01:59:10in 2006 by two researchers.

01:59:12The park houses other incredibly

01:59:14large trees,

01:59:16both reaching heights

01:59:18of more than 110 meters.

01:59:20The impressive height

01:59:22of the northern California

01:59:24sequoias is due

01:59:26to their foliage

01:59:28and the climate of the region.

01:59:30These trees absorb

01:59:32and retain the humidity

01:59:34of the morning fog

01:59:36and their germs favor

01:59:38their establishment

01:59:40after an injury,

01:59:42the appearance of Hyperion

01:59:44may not seem up to

01:59:46all this media backlash.

01:59:48It is difficult to appreciate

01:59:50the vertiginous height

01:59:52from the ground

01:59:54and its trunk is not

01:59:56so impressive.

01:59:58Hyperion is currently

02:00:00sheltered in a closed section

02:00:02of the park without a marked path,

02:00:04but despite everything,

02:00:06many walkers have

02:00:08trampled the surroundings

02:00:10and have published a statement

02:00:12exhorting visitors

02:00:14to avoid this tree,

02:00:16without having to pay

02:00:18several hundred dollars

02:00:20or even find themselves

02:00:22behind the bars.

02:00:24The tree of life stands

02:00:26like a symbol of resilience

02:00:28in the middle of the desert

02:00:30landscapes of Bahrain.

02:00:32Nestled at the highest point

02:00:34of the country,

02:00:36this ancient tree

02:00:38is something inexplicable.

02:00:40It is surrounded by arid dunes

02:00:42at a loss of view

02:00:44in the middle of the Arabian desert

02:00:46and because it stands alone

02:00:48with the desert for any background

02:00:50it has been disconcerting

02:00:52botanists for many years.

02:00:54There is little,

02:00:56if not no rain there.

02:00:58There is not the slightest

02:01:00source of fresh water nearby.

02:01:02Despite the lack of humidity,

02:01:04the tree of life thrives

02:01:06in such difficult conditions

02:01:08has led to some of the

02:01:10strangest theories.

02:01:12Some suppose that the tala roots

02:01:14of the tree would sink very far into the earth,

02:01:16reaching depths of

02:01:18nearly 50 meters in order to access

02:01:20the underground water reserves.

02:01:22Others suggest that the tree

02:01:24would adapt to its environment

02:01:26by draining the humidity of the surrounding sand grains

02:01:28thanks to adapted mechanisms.

02:01:30Another interesting theory

02:01:32is that the tree of life would be

02:01:34on the site of the legendary Garden of Eden

02:01:36and would draw its water

02:01:38from a mystical source.

02:01:40In addition to its scientific and cultural importance,

02:01:42the tree of life is a major

02:01:44tourist attraction in the region,

02:01:46attracting about 65,000

02:01:48visitors each year.

02:01:50All this for a tree.

02:01:54Poland has its share of trees

02:01:56worthy of interest, all gathered

02:01:58in the Twisted Forest.

02:02:00It is a group of 400 trees

02:02:02that curve in a strange way.

02:02:04They all have a similar shape,

02:02:06suddenly curving towards the sky

02:02:08to form a J that touches

02:02:10almost the ground.

02:02:12Several theories are confronted to explain

02:02:14the appearance of these trees.

02:02:16Some think that a strong snowstorm

02:02:18could have covered them when they were

02:02:20young and stupid, pushing them down.

02:02:22Others believe that the unusual gravity

02:02:24of the region could have affected their growth.

02:02:26An interesting hypothesis suggests

02:02:28that the people who planted these trees

02:02:30in the 1920s could have

02:02:32purposely curved them.

02:02:34These shapes would have been intended

02:02:36to accelerate the manufacture of furniture.

02:02:38Thus, when the trees were about

02:02:4010 years old, they would have interfered

02:02:42with their growth by making them

02:02:44adopt this strange shape.

02:02:46After the end of the ligature process,

02:02:48the trees would have remained

02:02:50in this bizarre position

02:02:52over the following decades.

02:02:54Anyway, what happened to one tree

02:02:56happened to all the others,

02:02:58and they all managed in the same way.

02:03:00The human intervention is therefore

02:03:02the most probable explanation.

02:03:04Even if all the trees of the Twisted Forest

02:03:06look alike, with their disturbing curves,

02:03:08they always manage to stay strong

02:03:10and healthy.

02:03:12They adapted to these difficult conditions

02:03:14and, in one way or another,

02:03:16managed to continue to grow up.

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