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00:00:00Hey now, get ready to dive into the Sea of Mysteries, also known as the Black Sea.
00:00:07It is the largest inland body of water in the world, bigger than the entire state of
00:00:12California.
00:00:13It has dozens of lost ships and some secret underwater tunnels, and some people believe
00:00:19it's an ancient quarry that was mined out in six stages.
00:00:24The Black Sea has distinct vertical layers that don't mix, with higher and lower salinity.
00:00:31The salty water comes from the Mediterranean, and fresh water comes from rivers.
00:00:36Ten of the largest rivers in Europe flow into the Black Sea.
00:00:39It receives more fresh water from the rivers and rainfall than it loses from evaporation.
00:00:45The extra water flows through the Bosphorus into the Marmara Sea.
00:00:50There are two flows going through the straits.
00:00:52The upper flow leaves the Black Sea and takes surface water out of it.
00:00:56The bottom flow carries salt water from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea.
00:01:01That's why the upper layers of the Black Sea are less dense than its saltier lower layers.
00:01:06The oxygen that comes from the atmosphere and photosynthesis stays in the surface layers.
00:01:12Everything deeper than about 300 feet in the middle and up to 500 feet near the edge is
00:01:17not fit for life.
00:01:19Only certain bacteria can survive in these conditions.
00:01:23Although there's no air deep down in the Black Sea, the upper layer is home to around
00:01:28750 species of photoplankton.
00:01:32Eggs and larvae of fish and invertebrates chill in coastal regions.
00:01:37There are also 180 fish species in the Black Sea, and some of them are valuable, such as
00:01:42horse mackerel, spiny dogfish, and sprat.
00:01:46The water level in the Black Sea is always the same because there are no high or low
00:01:51tides, so the sea is always calm, quiet, and serene on the surface.
00:01:56But it has one surprise feature – an underwater river.
00:01:59It's a current of salty water flowing through the Bosphorus Strait and along the seabed.
00:02:05This amazing discovery was made by scientists from the University of Leeds and was announced
00:02:09in 2010.
00:02:10It's the first undersea river of its kind ever found.
00:02:15The river forms because salty water from the Mediterranean Sea spills through the Bosphorus
00:02:20Strait into the Black Sea, where the water is much less salty.
00:02:25The no-air zone of the sea is an ideal conservation chamber for what's hiding on its bottom.
00:02:32The Black Sea is like a treasure trove for shipwrecks, and we discovered it by accident.
00:02:38Some maritime archaeologists were studying sea levels to see how quickly the water levels
00:02:42rose after the last ice age.
00:02:45And they ran across over 40 previously unknown shipwrecks as a complete bonus.
00:02:52Researchers used two remotely operated vehicles to explore the seafloor and the wrecks.
00:02:57Thanks to it, we have a video and detailed 3D images of the ships that were stitched
00:03:02together from thousands of high-resolution photos.
00:03:05According to the New York Times, some of the standout discoveries among the 44 ships found
00:03:11include a medieval training vessel from the 13th or 14th century.
00:03:16Expedition members nicknamed another ship from the Ottoman Empire the Flower of the
00:03:20Black Sea for its beautiful petal carvings.
00:03:23The team also noticed unusual details on other ships, like coiled ropes, chisel marks, rudders,
00:03:29and other carvings.
00:03:31So far, they haven't announced any plans to excavate the shipwrecks.
00:03:35But the ships might be filled with historical treasures, like books, parchments, and documents.
00:03:41It's worth a try to rescue them.
00:03:44The most extraordinary discovery in the Black Sea is what archaeologists believe to be the
00:03:48world's oldest intact shipwreck.
00:03:51It has been lying undisturbed for over 2,400 years.
00:03:55This ancient Greek vessel, 75 feet long, was found with its mast, rudders, and rowing benches
00:04:01all still in place, over a mile beneath the surface.
00:04:06Archaeologists believe the ship was a trading vessel, like those depicted on ancient Greek
00:04:10pottery, such as the siren vase in the British Museum.
00:04:14This vase, or vase, dating from the same period, shows a vessel carrying Odysseus past the
00:04:20sirens.
00:04:21The team took a small piece for carbon dating, and the results confirmed it as the oldest
00:04:26intact shipwreck known to humankind.
00:04:29The fact that it's so elaborate and well-preserved deserves a standing ovation for shipbuilders
00:04:34of the ancient world.
00:04:36Without microbes, worms, or other creatures to eat away the wrecks, it's no wonder the
00:04:40ships are in almost perfect condition.
00:04:44If the Titanic had sunk in these waters, we would've found it in a much better state
00:04:48now, not being eaten by nasty underwater microorganisms.
00:04:52Now, there's an interesting theory called the Black Sea Deluge Hypothesis, which suggests
00:04:59a huge flood happened around 7,500 years ago.
00:05:03Geogeologists in the 1990s suggested that at the end of the last ice age, when the Earth's
00:05:09climate was heating up, ice sheets were melting and sea levels were rising.
00:05:14The Black Sea was a much smaller freshwater lake.
00:05:17It was separated from the Mediterranean Sea by a natural dam at the Bosphorus Strait.
00:05:23As global sea levels rose, the Mediterranean overflowed into the Black Sea basin.
00:05:29We suggest the sea level rose by 6 inches every day, flooded coastal settlements, and
00:05:34changed the environment for good.
00:05:37Samples from the Black Sea floor show a sudden shift from freshwater to marine species around
00:05:42that time, which means there was a rapid influx of saltwater.
00:05:47Underwater surveys have also found what looked like the old shorelines and human-made structures,
00:05:53so people were living in areas now submerged by the Black Sea.
00:05:57Plus, the timing of this flood matches up with known patterns of human migration into
00:06:02Europe, Asia, and Africa.
00:06:04They also say this flood could be the terrible flood from the story of Noah's Ark.
00:06:10Critics of the deluge theory say the evidence isn't as straightforward as it seems.
00:06:15Some think the transition from freshwater to saltwater in the Black Sea was more gradual
00:06:20than one sudden flood.
00:06:22They're also debating if people left the settlements before they went underwater or
00:06:27as a result.
00:06:29An old chronicle that's been around for about a century says there were two underground
00:06:34tunnels starting in what is now Romania and Bulgaria and stretching all the way under
00:06:39the Black Sea to Turkey.
00:06:41Back in the day, peasants used these tunnels to move their flocks of sheep to the Ottoman
00:06:46Empire and countries on the Asia Minor peninsula.
00:06:50Who built these tunnels and why they run under the sea is a complete mystery.
00:06:54At some point, the entrances to these tunnels were sealed off for national security and
00:06:59were under tight guard.
00:07:01The security forces knew all about these massive tunnels and kept them off-limits.
00:07:06In the 1980s, a group of people working on the Danube-Black Sea Canal accidentally found
00:07:12another entrance to these mysterious tunnels.
00:07:15This one was in a cemetery in a town of Romania.
00:07:18Canal workers used it to regularly cross over into Bulgaria.
00:07:22One more cool thing about these two tunnels is that some people think they were built
00:07:26thousands of years ago.
00:07:28If you ever try to dig a tunnel under the sea, you'll know how tricky it is even now
00:07:33with all the tech we have.
00:07:35So if the tunnels are really that old, whoever built them was super advanced for their time.
00:07:41There's an urban legend that says that the Black Sea has its own version of the Bermuda
00:07:46Triangle.
00:07:47Fishers describes some wild whirlpool that appears out of nowhere and drags entire flocks
00:07:52of birds, ships, and even small islands under the sea.
00:07:56And once, things got even wilder with a ship that vanished under weird conditions in 1944.
00:08:03It was during daylight, and some black fog with green flashing sparkles suddenly surrounded
00:08:08the vessel.
00:08:09No one has ever seen it since, and no one knows for sure if the story is true, but it
00:08:15sure adds a spooky touch to the mysteries of the Black Sea.
00:08:21Look at this map.
00:08:23This is not the Google Maps you open on your way to work.
00:08:26Here you can see the world's most mysterious places.
00:08:29From the Bermuda Triangle to the Pyramids of Giza.
00:08:33From the Islands of Dals to Easter Island.
00:08:36So grab your pith helmet and let's go!
00:08:40You're venturing deep into the Sahara.
00:08:42What's that on the horizon?
00:08:44It looks like the remains of a once thriving civilization.
00:08:48Near the city of Tiaret, 150 miles southwest of Algeria's capital, you can find 13 monuments
00:08:55shrouded in mystery.
00:08:57You see underground vaults and other constructions made of stone.
00:09:01They were built between the 4th and 7th centuries CE.
00:09:05Some chambers are interconnected with a labyrinth.
00:09:08Walking through it takes about 2 hours.
00:09:11People who once inhabited this place carved hunting scenes and animal figures on the walls.
00:09:17Researchers believe the place was built as a final resting place for the Berber royalty,
00:09:22but there's no way to prove it.
00:09:24And the abandoned city in the desert remains a mystery.
00:09:27Now how about the Island of the Dals?
00:09:30If this name doesn't give you the heebie-jeebies, I don't know what will.
00:09:34While moving down an ancient Aztec canal, you find this mysterious island.
00:09:40Plants of abandoned dals are hanging from trees.
00:09:43There are so many, you lose count.
00:09:46Legends say it was a man who hung them there.
00:09:48He decided that one wasn't enough, so he spent his life hanging dals on trees.
00:09:55That's creepy.
00:09:56Speaking of creepy, in Mexican desert land, there's a spot called the Mapimi Silent Zone.
00:10:03People say no radio or any other kind of signal can be received there.
00:10:07But I definitely wouldn't want to get lost there.
00:10:11In the far north of Canada lies inhospitable Lake Anjikuni.
00:10:16It's covered with snow and ice for half of the year.
00:10:19It was once home to the Inuit people.
00:10:21But something terrifying happened to this entire village.
00:10:25What exactly?
00:10:26This mystery is still unsolved.
00:10:29In 1930, Joe Labelle was passing through a village that seemed deserted.
00:10:34He noticed that something was off there.
00:10:37There was no noise or any sign of human activity.
00:10:40He opened doors, one after another, but nobody was home.
00:10:44The inhabitants of the entire village were gone.
00:10:48They left behind 7 sled dogs.
00:10:50Those were still tied to their posts.
00:10:52No one has been able to explain this disappearance so far.
00:10:57One of the world's biggest mysteries is the Pyramids of Giza.
00:11:00The Great Pyramid of Giza itself was built as a final resting place for Pharaoh Khufu
00:11:06around 4,500 years ago.
00:11:08It remains unexplained how the Egyptians managed to build the pyramids without any of the technology
00:11:14available to us nowadays.
00:11:16Interestingly, the pyramids align with Orion's Belt and all face toward the north.
00:11:23Yellowstone National Park is known for its beauty, but also for some bizarre accidents.
00:11:29For example, in the summer of 1929, hundreds of people visiting the site fell sick.
00:11:36It all began with 6 employees, but quickly spread to the staff and guests of different
00:11:40hotels.
00:11:42Until today, it's unknown what happened.
00:11:45People didn't eat the same food, nor did they drink from the same water source or stay
00:11:49at the same hotel.
00:11:51So make sure to keep an eye out for anything strange if you're ever in the area.
00:11:56The River Nid in North Yorkshire is said to turn things into stone.
00:12:01People from all over the world come to see this phenomenon with their own eyes.
00:12:06Tourists and locals travel there to leave different items in the well.
00:12:10A bicycle abandoned in the well turned into stone several days later.
00:12:15An old teddy bear became a piece of rock.
00:12:18Many believe that whoever stepped into this water would have a similar fate.
00:12:23But according to scientists, this is just a natural phenomenon.
00:12:27Local water is rich in minerals that form a coating around objects.
00:12:31It's this hard shell that makes them look as if they're made of stone.
00:12:37Now how can rocks slide across the ground on their own?
00:12:40At Racetrack Playa, a dry lake bed at Death Valley National Park in California, they do.
00:12:47These moving rocks, called sailing stones, have been observed since the early 1900s.
00:12:53Locals believe that strong winds push them around.
00:12:56Other theories involve magnetic fields.
00:12:59In 2014, researchers discovered that the rocks were actually pushed by melting panels of
00:13:04floating ice driven by winds.
00:13:07Way to go, science!
00:13:09The Bermuda Triangle is a world-known, notorious place.
00:13:14It's where over 50 ships and 20 airplanes have allegedly disappeared.
00:13:19Rescue missions never came back.
00:13:21It's located off the coast of Florida in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
00:13:25Unexplained disappearances there date back to the mid-19th century.
00:13:30There are different theories about why ships and planes vanish into thin air in this region.
00:13:35Some of them claim that the area is just extremely foggy, which makes it difficult for navigation.
00:13:41Another theory states that methane rising to the surface of the ocean can be the answer
00:13:46to this mystery.
00:13:47But no theory has been proven yet.
00:13:50In the mountainous country of Pakistan, you'll find the lost city of Mohenjo-Daro.
00:13:56This ancient archaeological site dates back to 2500 BCE.
00:14:02Scientists believe the city was built by the Indus Valley Civilization.
00:14:06Here we see a well-planned street grid.
00:14:09And look at this elaborate drainage system.
00:14:12Nobody knows what happened to the people living in this town.
00:14:15The only thing scientists are almost sure about, it looks like something ended their
00:14:19lives all at once.
00:14:22Has the mystery of Easter Island finally been solved?
00:14:26You've probably heard of the fascinating monolithic statues standing on this Polynesian
00:14:31island.
00:14:32The statues, called moai, weigh up to 90 tons.
00:14:36They were built by the Rapa Nui people.
00:14:38How they managed to transport the statues remains unexplained.
00:14:42Researchers from the University of California believe the statues were built to make the
00:14:46soil on the island more fertile.
00:14:49And the coolest thing?
00:14:50The analysis has shown that the areas where the moai sculptures stand are indeed more
00:14:55fertile.
00:14:57The crooked forest in Poland is weird, to say the least.
00:15:01A grove of oddly-shaped pine trees looks like something straight out of a sci-fi movie.
00:15:07The grove is home to around 400 pines that were planted in 1930.
00:15:11They all first bend toward the north and then continue growing upright.
00:15:16No one knows for sure why this happened.
00:15:19The surrounding forest is full of perfectly straight pine trees.
00:15:23Is there a monstrous creature living at the bottom of Loch Ness in Scotland?
00:15:29Whether it's a myth or reality, it sure is spooky.
00:15:32The legend of the Loch Ness monster appeared somewhere around 1933.
00:15:37Since then, people have been claiming to have seen dragons, prehistoric monsters, and sea
00:15:43serpents in the lake.
00:15:44Will we ever know the truth?
00:15:47The Wharton Basin, off the western coast of Australia, is home to odd geological phenomena.
00:15:54Huge earthquakes happen there, one after another.
00:15:57This would be unsurprising if the area was located above a fault line, which is where
00:16:02two tectonic plates meet.
00:16:04But that isn't the case.
00:16:06The area is located on the Australian Plate, but researchers believe that a new fault line
00:16:11might be forming there.
00:16:13This is the only reasonable explanation for what's happening in that area.
00:16:18One of the most isolated places on Earth, the North Pole, is as mysterious as it gets.
00:16:24A land of ice and odd disappearances.
00:16:28In the late 1840s, an expedition of more than 130 people known as the Franklin Expedition
00:16:34vanished in that region.
00:16:36Some evidence was found 150 years later – a leather shoe and snippets of journal entries.
00:16:42My own theory?
00:16:44They were all hired by Santa Claus to work in his toy factory.
00:16:47Yeah, no one else bought it either.
00:16:50Machu Picchu is also known as the Lost City of the Incas.
00:16:54It's a testament to the power of the Inca civilization.
00:16:58But the purpose of the site is still a mystery to be unraveled.
00:17:02The citadel was constructed at 7,000 ft above sea level around 1450 CE.
00:17:08The question remains – why did the Incas build a city like this in a place so inaccessible?
00:17:15Archaeologists have discovered that most of the city is built underground, and about 60%
00:17:20of the place remains unexplored.
00:17:23So who knows what might be hiding down there?
00:17:27The Mariana Trench is the world's deepest, darkest place.
00:17:31Imagine this – no sunlight, freezing waters.
00:17:33There seems to be little to no chance of life existing so deep under the surface.
00:17:38Yet sea explorers claim to hear a bizarre sound coming from the depths of the trench.
00:17:44The records of this mysterious noise lead some to believe that a deep-sea monster is
00:17:49calling the trench its home.
00:17:51Alright, too spooky, I'm out of here.
00:17:57Can we estimate how many ships and airplanes were lost in the Bermuda Triangle?
00:18:02Have their disappearances resulted from human error or weather phenomena?
00:18:06Let's try to find out.
00:18:08We have a curious story of the SS Cotopaxi.
00:18:12This ship vanished in 1925, traveling from Charleston, South Carolina, to Havana, Cuba.
00:18:18It never reached its destination.
00:18:21Years later, in the 1980s, a wreck was found 40 miles off St. Augustine, Florida.
00:18:27Since specialists could not precisely determine what and where it came from, they nicknamed
00:18:32it Bear Wreck.
00:18:34It took many additional years of work, done mainly by marine biologists, to identify that
00:18:40this ship was indeed the missing SS Cotopaxi.
00:18:44This was confirmed in January 2020.
00:18:48How did the ship just reappear?
00:18:50And how did it get there, since this mysterious shipwreck isn't even in the Bermuda Triangle?
00:18:55Now, let's see who came up with this term, Bermuda Triangle.
00:19:00Can you actually pinpoint the triangle on a map?
00:19:03No, it's not an officially recognized location either.
00:19:07The Bermuda Triangle does not appear on any world map.
00:19:11Nobody has agreed on its exact boundaries.
00:19:14There are only assumptions with approximations of the entire area, ranging between 500,000
00:19:20and 1.5 million square miles.
00:19:23By all approximations, the region has a vaguely triangular shape.
00:19:28In 1964, an American author named Vincent Hayes Gaddis first came up with the idea when
00:19:35writing an article for Argosy magazine.
00:19:38He used the Bermuda Triangle to describe a triangular region that has destroyed hundreds
00:19:44of ships and planes without a trace.
00:19:47It is pretty hard to get the number of lost ships and planes because some ships and aircraft
00:19:51have gone missing without leaving a trace.
00:19:55Their wreckage in the region has not been recovered.
00:19:58But the recorded story should help us.
00:20:01Legends about the Bermuda Triangle date back to the 15th century, like that of the Italian
00:20:06explorer Christopher Columbus.
00:20:09When sailing through the Atlantic waters, he passed by this location in the late 1400s.
00:20:14In what we now know as the Bermuda Triangle, he saw a huge flame that seemed to just crash
00:20:20into the ocean.
00:20:21Later, he saw an unusual light flashing in the distance at the exact location.
00:20:27Like many other sailors since then, his compass had severe malfunctions.
00:20:32In 1919, a Navy plane on a routine schedule back in 1945 also started the Bermuda Triangle
00:20:39legend.
00:20:40It was commanded by Lieutenant Charles Taylor, and it's recorded that he just got lost
00:20:45in the triangle for no reason.
00:20:48Since pilots had no GPS back then, they had to trust their compasses and keep track of
00:20:53how long they'd been flying in a specific direction and their speed.
00:20:58Shortly after completing the task, both of the compasses on board stopped working correctly.
00:21:04Records found after the plane's disappearance also indicate that Taylor didn't have a watch
00:21:08on that particular day.
00:21:11The initial report stated that pilot error was to blame for this unfortunate event.
00:21:16However, because people weren't satisfied with this outcome, it was changed to causes
00:21:22or reasons unknown after several reviews.
00:21:26One surviving pilot named Bruce Guerin suggested he went through an electronic fog while passing
00:21:32above the triangle, making him travel through time.
00:21:36In 1970, when this incident happened, he was flying his aircraft when it was surrounded
00:21:41by two huge clouds that formed a whirlpool and spiraled.
00:21:46Like many others before him, he noticed that his navigation devices were malfunctioning.
00:21:51When he eventually made it out of those clouds, he discovered that his flight had only taken
00:21:5635 minutes.
00:21:58It should've taken 75 in total.
00:22:01Since he had no other reasonable explanation for what he went through, he believed he must
00:22:06have been pushed forward in time.
00:22:09It's not only strange-looking clouds that have been seen above the Bermuda Triangle.
00:22:14In 2014, a pilot recalled almost colliding with a flying object that he could not identify
00:22:20whatsoever.
00:22:22Some of these strange encounters were even caught on tape.
00:22:25It's the case of an early 2015 flight whose passengers noticed a curious object just floating
00:22:32over the ocean.
00:22:33The pilots have yet to figure out what they actually saw back there.
00:22:37Okay, not all of the possible explanations have been this unusual.
00:22:42Oceanographers, for example, have also tried to explain why ships disappear around here.
00:22:48So they recently came back to one of their old theories – rogue waves.
00:22:53These are immense walls of water that just pop up suddenly.
00:22:57If multiple such waves rise simultaneously, they overlap like a wave sandwich.
00:23:03If one single wave can reach over 30 feet tall and happen simultaneously, it can create
00:23:09a rogue wave that can surpass 100 feet high.
00:23:13These types of waves can quickly overtake even the biggest of ships.
00:23:18Oceanographers came up with their own explanation too – hexagonal clouds.
00:23:23These unusual types of clouds can generate winds of up to 170 miles per hour.
00:23:28And they're pretty significant too, some reaching 20 to 55 miles across.
00:23:34As such, waves inside these wind giants can go as high as 45 feet.
00:23:40The Earth's own magnetic force might also have something to do with it.
00:23:45In the Bermuda Triangle, compasses point to True North, the geographic North Pole,
00:23:50rather than Magnetic North, the shifting magnetic North Pole.
00:23:55Some have even explained that, since these two perfectly overlap in the Bermuda Triangle,
00:24:00it can cause a magnetic phenomenon that could make navigational devices malfunction.
00:24:05It's called the agonic line.
00:24:08The problem is that scientists have discovered that this line moves each year.
00:24:13It might have passed through the Bermuda Triangle at one point, but it's now through
00:24:17the Gulf of Mexico.
00:24:19Other strange natural phenomenon found along the coast of Norway could help explain why
00:24:24the Bermuda Triangle has claimed so many ships.
00:24:28There are some deep craters there, measuring up to half a mile wide and are 150 feet deep.
00:24:35Scientists believe they were created by methane gas bubbles.
00:24:38This gas seems to be leaking from deposits hidden deep in the seabed.
00:24:43Once the gas reaches a certain quantity, it bursts to the surface and causes eruptions.
00:24:49So, do pilots and ship captains actually avoid this area today?
00:24:55Could this explain why there are fewer ships that get lost there nowadays?
00:24:59But if you've ever flown from Miami to San Juan, Puerto Rico, you probably know that's
00:25:04not true.
00:25:05As for ships, if people would avoid the Bermuda Triangle, nearly all Caribbean vacations would
00:25:11be spoiled.
00:25:13To this day, there are a lot of flights that go over the Bermuda Triangle, so it's clear
00:25:18nobody is avoiding it.
00:25:20This place is one of the most heavily traveled shipping lanes in the world.
00:25:24Nowadays, the Bermuda Triangle has heavy daily traffic, both by sea and air.
00:25:30But the Bermuda Triangle is indeed subject to tropical storms and hurricanes that happen
00:25:35very often.
00:25:37Let's also keep in mind that the Gulf Stream, a strong ocean current that causes sharp changes
00:25:42in local weather, passes through the Bermuda Triangle.
00:25:46Besides, the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, the Milwaukee Depth, is also located
00:25:52in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:25:53The Puerto Rico Trench reaches almost 27,500 feet at the Milwaukee Depth.
00:26:00So, if you think about it, the whole mystery is a perfect combination of human error, bad
00:26:06weather, and a lot of ship traffic.
00:26:08This was confirmed by data provided by the U.S. Coast Guard.
00:26:12If you look at percentages, the number of ships or planes that go missing in the Bermuda
00:26:17Triangle isn't different from anywhere else.
00:26:20Disappearances do not happen more often than in any comparable region of the Atlantic Ocean.
00:26:27Local statistics say around 50 ships and 20 airplanes have vanished while traveling
00:26:32through this region.
00:26:33So, that's another reason why the total number is so hard to pinpoint.
00:26:38Nobody could describe its rescue in official records if a boat was reported missing.
00:26:44There are also some events that, it turns out, didn't happen at all, adding to those
00:26:49false reports.
00:26:51Take that of a plane crash back in 1937 off Daytona Beach, Florida, that local papers
00:26:56surprisingly revealed nothing about.
00:27:01More than 50 ships and 20 planes have disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle since the middle of
00:27:05the 19th century.
00:27:08This region isn't put on any paper map and is not an official region of the Atlantic.
00:27:13This massive water area is located not far from the southeastern coast of the U.S. and
00:27:18still scares many sailors.
00:27:21But you aren't afraid and want to prove that there is nothing special in this place.
00:27:25You sail to the center of the Bermuda Triangle on a small fishing boat.
00:27:29You turn off the engine and wait.
00:27:34Several hours pass.
00:27:36The sun goes below the horizon.
00:27:38Night comes.
00:27:39You're about to return to the shore, but suddenly it becomes too quiet.
00:27:44Then you hear a splash of water.
00:27:47You look overboard and see hundreds of fish swimming to the surface.
00:27:52Something big scared them away, something that comes straight from the depths.
00:27:57The next second, you notice big sparkling eyes and long tentacles reaching for the boat.
00:28:03It seems that one of the most terrible myths about the Bermuda Triangle turned out to be
00:28:08true, a huge squid dragging ships to the bottom.
00:28:12Stories about these squids appeared long before the emergence of the Bermuda Triangle
00:28:16myths.
00:28:17For centuries, sailors from Norway and Greenland told stories about a scary sea monster, the
00:28:23Kraken.
00:28:24In those stories, the Kraken broke the decks of ships with its giant tentacles and dragged
00:28:29them to the bottom.
00:28:30The approach of this creature is impossible to see since it's coming to you not from the
00:28:34side but from below.
00:28:37But all these were just stories.
00:28:39Only in the 19th century, scientific evidence of the existing of these monsters appeared.
00:28:44A beak of an unknown squid was found on the coast of Denmark.
00:28:49The size of the find was about 3 inches in diameter, which is about the size of a human
00:28:53palm.
00:28:54Then, it became clear that the Kraken was real, and it's just one variety of giant squid.
00:29:00Since then, more than 21 species of giant squid have been described, but the first video
00:29:06with this monster was recorded in 2004 in the waters of North Atlantic.
00:29:11Not far from the Bermuda Triangle, marine biologists used a lure to draw the squid out
00:29:15of the depths.
00:29:17The huge monster was about 30 feet long, which is about half a subway car.
00:29:21It suddenly appeared out of the ocean darkness and quickly attacked the lure, squeezing it
00:29:26with its tentacles.
00:29:28After that, many cases of squid have been recorded on photos and video.
00:29:33Large squids were washed up on the shore, swam past ships.
00:29:37According to some records, the largest monster ever found was 59 feet long and weighed almost
00:29:42a ton.
00:29:43This is the size of a big bus.
00:29:45Some scientists believe that giant squids can reach 150 feet in length, which is almost
00:29:51twice the size of a basketball court.
00:29:53But the big size is not enough to sink a ship.
00:29:56The first thing that helps squids do this is the surprise effect.
00:30:00Squids come from the depths, which means they can be seen from the deck.
00:30:03But the monster can see a boat from afar.
00:30:06It has the biggest eyes in the world.
00:30:09One eye is about the size of a basketball.
00:30:11The eyesight of a giant squid allows them to see prey in the black sea depths and from
00:30:15a big distance.
00:30:17Most sea creatures on the planet can't see in such conditions.
00:30:20So, the squid notices your ship and decides that it's food.
00:30:24It quickly approaches the boat and attacks with its tentacles.
00:30:28The squid has eight limbs and two extra longer tentacles the monster uses to bring food to
00:30:33the beak-shaped mouth.
00:30:34The others are covered with dozens of suction cups filled with sharp teeth.
00:30:38Nothing can escape if the squid grabs it.
00:30:41The squid wraps its tentacles around your boat.
00:30:44With the teeth on each arm, it bites the deck.
00:30:47Two long tentacles can grab you while you're running around in panic.
00:30:50The squid can rock the ship from side to side until one of its parts sinks in the water.
00:30:55You fight off two long tentacles and fall off your feet.
00:30:59The squid's eight arms are squeezing stronger.
00:31:02You can hear the boat's hull cracking.
00:31:04The squid is big, but still can't sink a large metal object.
00:31:08Possibly, it couldn't have sunk huge ships that disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:31:13You see how the squid swims away into the depths.
00:31:16You're lucky this time, but you definitely wouldn't handle two such monsters.
00:31:21The existence of giant squids was proven more than 150 years ago, but people still
00:31:26don't know anything about them.
00:31:28The fact is that they are some of the most elusive creatures on Earth.
00:31:31They swim fast, spending most of their time at depths of 1,300 to 3,000 feet.
00:31:36To descend there, people need sturdy submarines and bulky equipment that create a lot of noise.
00:31:41The squid will notice them much earlier and swim away.
00:31:45Scientists don't know anything about their behavior, social life, habits, or distance
00:31:49they swim during the day.
00:31:51And most importantly, we don't know how many of them are hidden in the water.
00:31:55The ocean is only 5% explored.
00:31:58It's possible that millions of giant squids swim in the sea depths.
00:32:02Just imagine hundreds of giant tentacles reaching out to a group of ships sailing through the
00:32:06Bermuda Triangle.
00:32:07In the past centuries, they could easily sink an entire fleet, since the ships were made
00:32:12of wood and were lighter.
00:32:14Squids wrapped decks with their strong tentacles, made holes in the ship's bodies with their
00:32:18sharp beaks.
00:32:19Toothy suction cups could break the mass and tear the sails.
00:32:23The water was filling the holes and slowly rising to the deck.
00:32:27The ship sank in a matter of minutes.
00:32:30Survivors reached the shore and told everyone about huge monsters.
00:32:34This is how the legends of the Kraken appeared.
00:32:36Fortunately, now people have sonars and equipment for monitoring the sea space.
00:32:41You start the engine to swim to the shore and notice that about 30 tentacles are reaching
00:32:46out to you from the water.
00:32:47Three giant squids squeeze the boat from all sides and pull it down.
00:32:51It looks like there's no way out.
00:32:53You look overboard and see black eyes looking right at you.
00:32:57At this moment, you find a solution.
00:32:59Squids spend their whole life in darkness and are afraid of the light.
00:33:03Fortunately, you have a signal rocket.
00:33:06You use it to scare the monsters away.
00:33:08Squids go back down into the water, but apparently not for long.
00:33:12You release a few more rockets into the ocean and scream in fear.
00:33:16The red light illuminates the sea darkness and you see hundreds of moving tentacles.
00:33:21They quickly swim away from the fire to a safe distance.
00:33:24At full throttle, you're sailing to the shore and releasing all the signal fires into the
00:33:28water.
00:33:29You don't give the squids a chance to get close to you.
00:33:32Finally, you get to land, confident that you will never return to this place.
00:33:37The bad news is, these creatures swim not only in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:33:42People found giant squid in the oceans all over the world.
00:33:45Yeah, it's possible the giant squid is the main reason for the disappearance of ships,
00:33:49but this doesn't make the Bermuda Triangle a unique place.
00:33:53Boats and cargo ships disappear all over the Atlantic Ocean.
00:33:57The triangle is not even included in the top ten of such places.
00:34:01Also, this area is one of the most popular shipping routes of the Atlantic.
00:34:06And the more ships sail in one place, the more ships are lost.
00:34:10Many scientists believe the reason of the disappearances here is strong storms and hurricanes.
00:34:16Bermuda is located in an area of high pressure, which diverts thunderstorms towards the triangle.
00:34:22The waves reach such sizes here that they can turn ships over.
00:34:26Thunder and frequent flashes of lightning disable planes.
00:34:30The Earth's magnetic field is weakened at the location of the triangle.
00:34:34This field works as a shield, which repels solar particles.
00:34:37Here, solar radiation passes through the upper layers of the atmosphere
00:34:42and can negatively affect the electronics operation.
00:34:45Also, there is a theory that says that the Bermuda Triangle is the center of a magnetic anomaly.
00:34:52But scientists made many checks of the magnetic map of this region
00:34:56and haven't found any oddities.
00:35:00If you draw up a map, trace a line connecting the island of Bermuda,
00:35:05Puerto Rico, Miami, and back to Bermuda, what do you get?
00:35:09The infamous triangle, known for swallowing thousands of ships and aircraft over the centuries.
00:35:16But there's a new mystery to this already enigmatic place.
00:35:20Something's lurking deep in the waters below, and it's leaving bizarre clues of its existence.
00:35:28Splash! Your submarine hits the water's surface.
00:35:31You descend 100, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 feet.
00:35:37It's getting darker.
00:35:38The sub's walls creak as the pressure grows.
00:35:42Over 1,400 psi, it's like the weight of a grand piano squeezing every square inch of your body from all sides.
00:35:51You've made it to your destination.
00:35:53All that's left is to spot the beast.
00:35:57Just in time.
00:35:58Among the black void, you see a bright green glow off in the distance.
00:36:03It's getting closer.
00:36:05As it approaches, it gets bigger.
00:36:07This is it, the creature that's been leaving strange circular markings on fish, dolphins, whales, and even other sharks.
00:36:16Behold, the cookie cutter shark.
00:36:20Don't let its size fool you.
00:36:21It may be no longer than a bowling pin, but this creature is a parasite.
00:36:26It attaches itself to other marine animals using its neatly arranged serrated teeth.
00:36:32With one bite, it fills its belly, detaches, and goes on about its day.
00:36:38Its mobile snack also swims away with its life.
00:36:43The only evidence of this rendezvous, a cookie-shaped mark on its body.
00:36:50Don't assume you're safe in your submarine.
00:36:52These bold little guys have been known to go after subs, too.
00:36:56You decide not to risk the shark punching a hole in the only thing keeping you from being squished to a pulp by the surrounding water.
00:37:05You journey on to meet other bizarre creatures lurking in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:37:10At twice the depth, you'll find the dragonfish.
00:37:14Unlike other deep water inhabitants, these things produce light in the infrared range.
00:37:20Blue and green is what other fish stick to.
00:37:23This gives the dragonfish a huge advantage.
00:37:27It provides itself with light that other marine dwellers just can't perceive.
00:37:32Things that want to eat the dragonfish can't detect this light, as well as the critters the dragonfish likes to feed on.
00:37:40A truly unique deep sea dweller is the vampire squid.
00:37:44Neither vampire nor squid, or octopus, this thing is a unique species of its own.
00:37:51It has the largest eyes compared to body size of any animal on the entire planet.
00:37:57When the vampire squid feels threatened, it curls its arms up and around its body.
00:38:03Essentially, the thing turns itself inside out.
00:38:07Another animal to avoid down here is the terrifying bobbit worm.
00:38:12It buries itself in the seafloor, leaving a small part of its body out.
00:38:17It waits for dinner time with its pincer-like mouth parts open.
00:38:22What's on the menu?
00:38:23Other worms and fish that can be seven times bigger than the bobbit.
00:38:28It uses its five antennas to sense when lunch is close enough to snap.
00:38:34In an instant, the worm launches forward and grabs its lunch with its mouth parts.
00:38:40It's not done yet.
00:38:42Once it's got its jaws locked onto its lunch, the worm injects it with venom and pulls it
00:38:47down into the burrow to feast.
00:38:50One of the deepest trenches in the Bermuda Triangle is the tongue of the ocean.
00:38:56This is also the secret breeding grounds of tiger sharks.
00:38:59You'll instantly recognize them thanks to those darker gray tiger stripes on their sides.
00:39:05They're the second largest predatory shark species after the great white, and with a
00:39:10big size comes a big appetite.
00:39:14Marine mammals, smaller sharks, stingrays, and green turtles are all on the menu.
00:39:20If you ever come face-to-face with a tiger shark, hopefully not, remember this.
00:39:26You can tell the fish's age by looking at its stripes.
00:39:29They fade over time, so the younger the shark, the more pronounced its stripes.
00:39:36There's plenty of zooplankton in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:39:39Zooplanktons are, usually, small organisms that are essential to the ocean's food chain.
00:39:45But get this, if nothing ate them and they were left to grow out of control, zooplankton
00:39:50would cover the entire world in layers and layers in just four months.
00:39:55Oh, and the largest type of zooplankton is the jellyfish.
00:40:00Jellyfish were around long before dinosaurs.
00:40:03You probably know your body is 60% water.
00:40:06A jellyfish is 95%.
00:40:09So if it gets washed onto the shore, after a few hours, most of its body just evaporates
00:40:15into the air.
00:40:17There's also a jellyfish that lives forever.
00:40:20The immortal jellyfish can revert itself back to its polyp stage and then grow again.
00:40:26Sounds like something from another planet, but it's no space jelly.
00:40:32Those do exist, by the way.
00:40:34Back in the 1990s, NASA raised jellyfish in space to see what zero gravity does to them.
00:40:41They were just fine living up there in the cosmos.
00:40:43When they came back down to Earth, though, they had trouble adjusting.
00:40:48The European eel hasn't been to space, but it is quite a globetrotter.
00:40:53It travels all the way from Europe to the Sargasso Sea, where the Bermuda Triangle is
00:40:58located.
00:40:59In the larval stage, it just drifts around the ocean for as long as three years sometimes.
00:41:05It's also the chameleon of the sea.
00:41:08Over the years, the European eel changes color, going from translucent to yellow to metallic
00:41:15silver.
00:41:16They're nocturnal and secretive, pretty much the ideal companion to have when you rate
00:41:21the fridge at midnight.
00:41:23A giant squid over half the length of a football field once washed up on a Florida beach.
00:41:30Researchers suspected this behemoth came from the Atlantic Ocean near the Bermuda Triangle.
00:41:37Giant squids are the longest invertebrates, meaning they have no backbone.
00:41:42They also have the biggest eyes on Earth, ever.
00:41:45They're as large as a soccer ball.
00:41:49Another creature found near the Bermuda Triangle is starer's cave shrimp.
00:41:54They were so good at keeping to themselves that no one knew these creatures even existed
00:41:59until 2011.
00:42:01Some female cave shrimps carry an impressive number of eggs along with them.
00:42:06Scientists discovered one female had around 2,000 eggs attached to her body.
00:42:12The Bermuda petrel is the national bird of, yes, you guessed it, Bermuda.
00:42:18It's the second rarest seabird on the planet.
00:42:21In fact, people thought it was extinct until 1951 when they spotted a few on the island.
00:42:27It has an eerie cry that'll send shivers down your spine.
00:42:33The Nassau grouper can only be found on the coasts of South Florida.
00:42:38This fish lies in wait and ambushes its lunch of other fish, crabs, and lobsters.
00:42:45It's sort of like a vacuum cleaner because it inhales its food through its huge mouth.
00:42:51The fish has a cool defense mechanism, too.
00:42:54Like the chameleon, it changes color when it feels it's in danger.
00:42:58Sometimes it takes on a lighter or darker shade of its own color to blend in with the
00:43:03environment.
00:43:04So, you may spot a Nassau grouper, or you may not.
00:43:10If you happen to visit the Bermuda Triangle, you'll probably see a hammerhead shark.
00:43:16They use that iconic hammer-shaped head to pin their lunch, stingrays, onto the ocean
00:43:21floor.
00:43:22The shape of their head also gives them better vision.
00:43:26They can see almost 360 degrees all around, above and below them, well, save for one blind
00:43:34spot right in front of their nose.
00:43:38The hawksbill sea turtle may not look intimidating, but this guy will eat anything it can get
00:43:43its bird-like beak around—sea sponges, algae, and even venomous jellyfish.
00:43:50A lot of the stuff on their menu is inedible for most, but their body fat can absorb the
00:43:56venom and toxins, so they go unscathed.
00:44:00The Bermuda Triangle is also home to green glowworms.
00:44:04They're not really worms, but larvae.
00:44:07They produce that bright light from an organ near their tail.
00:44:11This light makes smaller creatures come toward them, making it easy for them to catch their
00:44:16lunch.
00:44:17Most of the time, they look pretty ordinary, but they have an oddly fixed schedule.
00:44:23Every third night, after the full moon, during the summer, at an exact time, the glowworm
00:44:29lights up.
00:44:31Back to more nightmarish creatures of the Bermuda Triangle, there's the goblin shark,
00:44:37known as a living fossil, because it's the only one left of its animal family.
00:44:44It's only about the length of your forearm, and looks like nothing special.
00:44:48But watch closely, as its lunch gets too close—BOOM!
00:44:53The shark's jaw shoots out of its mouth and grabs onto the unlucky creature.
00:44:59Once the teeth have locked in, the jaw goes right back in the shark's mouth.
00:45:04And yes, you share the planet with this thing.
00:45:11The legend of the Bermuda Triangle.
00:45:13It's one of the few mysteries we still can't solve.
00:45:16Let's rewind back about 600 years.
00:45:20The story begins with an Italian man.
00:45:23He wanted to sail across the ocean to reach Asia, a continent rich with spices, silk,
00:45:28minerals, you know, that kind of stuff.
00:45:30Getting there by land would take ridiculously long, so he figured, hey, why not to build
00:45:35some sturdy ships, gather a couple of sailors, and set off to Asia?
00:45:40What could go wrong?
00:45:42That man was Christopher Columbus, by the way.
00:45:45In 1492, with a little help from Spain's royal family, he embarked on his journey.
00:45:51Everything was going well, I mean, apart from totally going the wrong way.
00:45:55But as he got to the end of his voyage, he noticed something very strange.
00:46:00He didn't know it at the time, but he was sailing through the infamous Bermuda Triangle.
00:46:05The BT, the point of no return, the scary place between Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Florida.
00:46:13There are loads of stories of ships, boats, and planes disappearing into this mysterious
00:46:17realm.
00:46:19Some were found years later, and some disappeared off the face of the earth, lying undiscovered
00:46:24at the bottom of the ocean.
00:46:26Maybe.
00:46:27We know one thing for sure, we have no clue what's going on over there.
00:46:32People have been trying to figure it out for years, but nothing, zip, nada.
00:46:38So what was it that Christopher Columbus saw that fateful evening?
00:46:42What freaked him out so bad?
00:46:44According to his logs, Columbus saw a huge flash in the sky.
00:46:49I don't care how tough you are, if you're sailing around with no clue where you are,
00:46:53and then you see a massive flash right in front of you?
00:46:56You'd find me hiding below deck, chewing on a lemon or something.
00:47:01That's not the only sea mystery out there, not by a long shot.
00:47:05Heard of the Kraken?
00:47:06A giant squid that can swallow a whole ship?
00:47:09No?
00:47:10You're lucky.
00:47:11Imagine cruising on a ship, wind in your hair, hands on your hips, like, you know, those
00:47:16old pirate movies.
00:47:17Then a huge squid creeps up on you from deep down in the cold, dark water.
00:47:22It wraps its tentacles around the ship and drags the whole thing to the bottom of the
00:47:26ocean.
00:47:27Good thing you packed a life raft.
00:47:30How about a colossal sea serpent chasing your boat at full speed looking for a midday snack?
00:47:36That thing is called a leviathan, and you better hope it's not real.
00:47:40Or sirens, mean but beautiful creatures of the sea.
00:47:45They like to hang out on rocks and sing karaoke.
00:47:49Their magical voices attract sailors who sail their ships right into the sharp rocks.
00:47:53Now, mermaids, on the other hand, totally awesome.
00:47:57They like karaoke, too, but they're not into the whole ship-smashing thing.
00:48:02Good ol' mermaids.
00:48:03They're real, right?
00:48:06And let's not forget peg-legged pirates.
00:48:08Arr!
00:48:09Lootin', raidin', sayin' arr every two seconds.
00:48:13Arr!
00:48:14What else do those guys do all day?
00:48:16So back to our Italian friend, Columbus.
00:48:19Maybe he just saw a thunderstorm.
00:48:21Duh!
00:48:22Why didn't he think of that?
00:48:24Well, I'm not 600 years old, and I wasn't there.
00:48:27How on earth would I know?
00:48:29Weird thing is, he never mentioned any huge waves or heavy rain.
00:48:33No strong winds, either.
00:48:35Just a single flash in the sky.
00:48:37Maybe some dolphins were setting off fireworks or something.
00:48:41After the flash, Columbus wrote that his compass needle started dancing all over the
00:48:46place.
00:48:47This keeps getting weirder and weirder.
00:48:49His report ends with a friendly turtle with sunglasses jumping out of the water, pushing
00:48:54the three ships to shore, and everyone went out to get hot dogs.
00:48:58Only kidding.
00:48:59So what happened?
00:49:02Scientists now think they've got the answer.
00:49:04Drumroll!
00:49:05Arr!
00:49:06An asteroid crashed into the ocean.
00:49:09Case closed.
00:49:11But wait.
00:49:12What about that stuff with the compass?
00:49:13What does that have to do with an asteroid?
00:49:16Asteroids come in all different shapes and sizes, but they're like chocolate eggs, the
00:49:20best parts on the inside.
00:49:22They're packed full of minerals and metals worth trillions of dollars.
00:49:27Scientists are even trying to figure out how to land on a big one and mine it.
00:49:31It'd have to be a really big one.
00:49:33I'm talking about an asteroid the size of Rhode Island.
00:49:36Why?
00:49:37Chances are, it'd have a magnetic field around it, making it way easier to land on.
00:49:43Scientists think that the magnetic fields around some asteroids can last for millions
00:49:47of years.
00:49:49Mystery solved.
00:49:50Maybe.
00:49:51Captain Christopher Columbus' compass went cuckoo crazy because of an asteroid crashing
00:49:57right in front of him.
00:49:59That actually might explain some other strange Bermuda tales.
00:50:03About a hundred years ago, the USS Cyclops left Barbados on its way to Baltimore and
00:50:09sailed right through the middle of the Bermuda Triangle.
00:50:12It never arrived.
00:50:14Search teams spent ages looking, but they couldn't find anything.
00:50:18It just vanished.
00:50:19Just like that.
00:50:21In 1945, five military planes vanished without a trace.
00:50:26They flew right over the Bermuda Triangle.
00:50:29So if there is an asteroid sitting at the bottom of the sea somewhere, why is it still
00:50:33causing problems 500 years later?
00:50:37Radar and old-school compasses rely on the Earth's magnetic field.
00:50:41Radar's how they track flights all around the world.
00:50:44A faulty radar reading?
00:50:45That would be a problem.
00:50:47Try putting a magnet near a compass and see what happens.
00:50:51The compass needle is its own little magnet, always pointing north.
00:50:55But if you put it next to a strong enough magnet, the needle will spin around to face
00:50:59it.
00:51:00What if that compass is all you've got to guide you to shore?
00:51:05Chinese ship captains were the first to invent compasses.
00:51:08Before that, people used to sail along the shore, or just to islands that they could
00:51:12see.
00:51:14Having compasses meant those early sailors could write down where they went, so other
00:51:18people could get there too.
00:51:20So now that we have all this new tech, the question is, is that asteroid even still down
00:51:26there?
00:51:27How would we get down there to find out?
00:51:30It wouldn't be the first ever deep-sea dive.
00:51:32We've already been down the Mariana Trench, the deepest one on Earth.
00:51:37The Mariana Trench makes climbing Mount Everest look like a joke.
00:51:41Only two people have ever been down there.
00:51:44Because it's so deep, the water pressure is insane.
00:51:47The only way down is in a high-tech tank, something that won't crush in on itself under
00:51:52pressure.
00:51:53And that kind of thing doesn't come cheap.
00:51:56Down there?
00:51:57Just a lot of darkness, quiet and beauty, and a bunch of weird animals.
00:52:03The Bermuda Triangle isn't as deep as the Mariana Trench, so we might get down there
00:52:07one day.
00:52:09We might see that asteroid that Columbus saw, this time with millions of tiny fish on it
00:52:15who've made it their home.
00:52:16All those lost ships and planes that disappeared should be down there somewhere.
00:52:21Or we might see something we were never expecting.
00:52:26We might find ancient species of squid, sharks, and turtles with special skills like night
00:52:31vision.
00:52:32We might find gold.
00:52:34Loads of ships full of gold and silver sank on their way back to Europe from the Americas.
00:52:40Some wrecks had evidence of fire.
00:52:42Some were split in two.
00:52:44Most of them are still out there.
00:52:47Japanese divers once found an ancient underwater pyramid-looking thing.
00:52:51They don't even know for sure if it was natural or man-made.
00:52:56Up in the Baltic Sea, someone snapped a bizarre sonar image of… a spaceship?
00:53:02Or just a strange-looking rock?
00:53:05A Swiss lake was hiding a sweet vintage car.
00:53:09After it was dragged to shore and cleaned, it was sold for over $350,000.
00:53:14And the tires still had air in them.
00:53:17Japanese fishermen once found a small round boat that had a glass top on it.
00:53:21There was a red-haired woman inside.
00:53:24Some thought it was a fairy tale come true.
00:53:26Some thought she was a magical creature.
00:53:28And some thought she was a spy.
00:53:31The Bermuda Triangle sounds scary, but the islands near it are awesome.
00:53:37Bermuda is a tiny island where they speak English, and the other points of the triangle
00:53:41are the tip of Florida and the American island of Puerto Rico.
00:53:47The voyage started just like any other.
00:53:50The cargo ship SS Cotopaxi is making another journey to Havana, Cuba to deliver coal.
00:53:56It's November 29, 1925.
00:54:00For Captain Meyer and his crew, leaving Charleston Port, South Carolina, it will be the last
00:54:06trip the ship ever makes.
00:54:08Its route ran through the Bermuda Triangle.
00:54:11Two days into the trip, the Cotopaxi sent out a distress signal.
00:54:15It had got caught up in a strong tropical storm and turned over on its side.
00:54:20The wind was very strong, and there was powerful lightning as well.
00:54:25Rain gradually filled the ship's hold.
00:54:27Then there was a bright white flash, and the ship disappeared without a trace.
00:54:33Later its wreckage was found in the Gobi Desert, which is in a completely different
00:54:38part of the world.
00:54:40All 32 crew members, including the captain, were missing.
00:54:44Of course, the part about the Gobi Desert is fictional.
00:54:48For one of his movies, Steven Spielberg came up with the idea that the ship was moved there
00:54:52by aliens.
00:54:53Still, in real life, the ship was never found, and its crew really did disappear.
00:55:00It was officially declared missing a month afterward, and nobody could find the wreck.
00:55:07It seems like a classic case of mysterious things going on in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:55:13But most mysteries are solved sooner or later.
00:55:16In 2020, the Cotopaxi was found.
00:55:19A man named Michael Barnett had moved to Florida to study shipwrecks off the coast.
00:55:25One wreck in particular really caught his attention.
00:55:28It was much larger than the others, and the locals called it the Bear Wreck.
00:55:33It was about 40 miles from St. Augustine in northern Florida, but no one had ever managed
00:55:38to identify the rusty hull.
00:55:40So Michael started to do some detective work.
00:55:44He measured the size of the shipwreck and started working through all the information
00:55:48he could find.
00:55:49He researched hundreds of old newspapers, leafed through insurance records, and looked
00:55:54at artifacts found on the wreck.
00:55:57After hundreds of hours of hard work, Michael was sure it was the Cotopaxi.
00:56:02But a few years before, there had been a rumor that the same ship had been found off the
00:56:07coast of Cuba.
00:56:08The Coast Guard found the wreck of a cargo ship about the same size that looked a lot
00:56:13like the one lost in 1925.
00:56:16Michael was sure they were wrong, so he teamed up with some science journalists and kept
00:56:21investigating.
00:56:23Soon they discovered something that seemed to confirm Michael's belief.
00:56:27Divers found brass valves with the letters SV on them in the wreckage of the ship.
00:56:33Michael suggested these initials referred to Scott Valve Manufacturing Company.
00:56:37The headquarters of this company was in Michigan, not far from where the Cotopaxi had been built.
00:56:43The company had probably supplied parts for the Cotopaxi.
00:56:47So the puzzle seemed to be solved.
00:56:50The bear wreck was really the missing cargo ship.
00:56:53But Michael still needed to work out why the ship had sunk.
00:56:57Did something mysterious really happen to the Cotopaxi in the Bermuda Triangle?
00:57:02Later, Michael found the testimony of the ship's carpenter among some old papers.
00:57:08The carpenter claimed that the hatches covering the coal on the ship had been in a terrible
00:57:12condition before it sank.
00:57:15Airwork on the covers wasn't finished before the crew got the order to sail to Cuba.
00:57:20So if the hatch covers were still broken during the trip, water could've easily gotten on
00:57:25board.
00:57:26This water probably flooded the hull during the tropical storm.
00:57:31This was the real reason why the Cotopaxi went down.
00:57:35There was really nothing mysterious about it.
00:57:37It was just a mistake made by ordinary people.
00:57:41This is just one example out of dozens, or even hundreds, where ships and planes have
00:57:47gone missing in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:57:49We still can't explain some of these incidents.
00:57:52It seems like there really is something weird going on there.
00:57:57One of these strange events happened in 1948.
00:58:01A passenger jet was headed for Miami from San Juan, Puerto Rico.
00:58:05It disappeared in the same area as the Cotopaxi.
00:58:09The 32 people on board vanished without a trace.
00:58:13The weather was clear throughout the flight, but experts think that when the plane was
00:58:18about 50 miles from the coast, it could've been hit by a strong wind that knocked it
00:58:23off course.
00:58:24Years later, a similar plane was found in the area of the Bermuda Triangle, but because
00:58:29no one could work out the registration, it was impossible to say for sure if it was the
00:58:34same one.
00:58:37Something even stranger occurred not long before, in 1945.
00:58:42Five planes went missing all at the same time.
00:58:45Some trainee pilots were practicing their navigation skills.
00:58:49But when they'd finished, it seems they couldn't find their way back home and disappeared.
00:58:54Many people assume they just ran out of fuel.
00:58:57This seems likely, but still, the circumstances were really strange.
00:59:02The trainees were being supervised by an experienced pilot who had 2,500 hours of flight time.
00:59:09He would never have let a group of newbie pilots get that far away from their base.
00:59:14Even now, people still debate what could've happened.
00:59:17Some insist the pilots ran into something supernatural out there in the Bermuda Triangle.
00:59:23But who knows?
00:59:25And here's another freaky thing that happened there which no expert has been able to explain
00:59:31Time travel.
00:59:32In 1970, Bruce Gurnon was flying a plane from Andros Island to the Florida coast.
00:59:39When he was at 11,500 feet, a giant cloud appeared in front of him.
00:59:44It kept getting bigger and bigger, and he had no choice but to fly through it.
00:59:49As soon as he did, the plane was surrounded by darkness.
00:59:53It was as if the day had turned to night in a split second.
00:59:57Suddenly, Bruce began to see white flashes of light around him.
01:00:01They were so bright that they lit up the entire sky.
01:00:04But they weren't lightning bolts, although he couldn't really explain what they were.
01:00:09The plane continued through the strange cloud for almost a half an hour.
01:00:13Bruce noticed that the cloud changed shape during this time.
01:00:17The space around the plane turned into a tunnel.
01:00:20Then the tunnel started narrowing.
01:00:22Bruce became really tense as he tried to cope with the plane's controls.
01:00:26All his instruments and navigation equipment were going crazy, and the electronics stopped
01:00:31working.
01:00:32Then, a white light appeared at the end of the tunnel.
01:00:36Just like in the movies, the plane escaped the closing cloud tunnel at the very last
01:00:40second.
01:00:42Everything was fine, but now Bruce found himself in some white fog.
01:00:46He had no idea where he was.
01:00:49Then he managed to contact ground control.
01:00:51He was shocked when he learned that his plane was already in the airspace above Miami.
01:00:58It seemed that something impossible had happened.
01:01:00Bruce was meant to cover a distance of about 250 miles during the flight.
01:01:05This usually took 1.5 hours.
01:01:07But he had managed it in just 47 minutes.
01:01:11Almost two times faster than normal.
01:01:13When Bruce landed, he went to check the amount of fuel left in the tank.
01:01:17It turned out he'd used up a lot less than the normal amount of fuel as well.
01:01:22Could there be a logical explanation for the time-traveling plane?
01:01:27Well, records show that a large number of sunspots were detected on the surface of the
01:01:32sun that day.
01:01:33And there was a strong solar wind.
01:01:36This could easily have made the electronics and devices on the plane go crazy.
01:01:40But what about the mysterious cloud?
01:01:43The Florida coast is a place where two large air currents meet.
01:01:47One has a high pressure, and the other is a low pressure one.
01:01:51This causes a lot of storm clouds in the area.
01:01:53But people still debate how Bruce was able to cover the distance so quickly.
01:01:59Some people say that some kind of mysterious dark energy was involved.
01:02:04Others say it was a gravitational anomaly that curved space and time.
01:02:09Others think that Bruce is just a fraud.
01:02:11We still don't know the truth.
01:02:14So, is there really something supernatural about the Bermuda Triangle?
01:02:20Or is it all just coincidences and made-up stories?
01:02:23The truth is that no more planes and ships disappear in the Bermuda Triangle than anywhere
01:02:29else in the world.
01:02:35In 1945, five TBF Avenger aircraft took flight for a routine training exercise around the
01:02:42Bermuda Triangle.
01:02:44In the middle of the exercise, the planes were struck by intense rain and heavy winds
01:02:49despite the clear weather forecast.
01:02:51The pilots became extremely disoriented and radioed the base to report that their navigational
01:02:56equipment had stopped working.
01:02:59The last thing the base heard was, when the first plane drops below 10 gallons, we'll
01:03:04all go down together.
01:03:05And then, static.
01:03:08The five planes and their 14 crew members were never seen or heard from again.
01:03:14On his very first voyage to the New World in 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed through
01:03:20the Bermuda Triangle.
01:03:21Columbus reported that one night when he was on the deck of the ship, he noticed a giant
01:03:26light appear in the distance, unlike anything he'd ever seen before.
01:03:31Columbus looked at his compass for direction, and it gave off erratic readings.
01:03:36You might have noticed that the Bermuda Triangle doesn't appear on any world map.
01:03:40This is because official institutions refuse to acknowledge that the area actually exists.
01:03:48A popular theory suggests that rogue waves are responsible for the many disappearances.
01:03:53Rogue waves are called extreme storm waves by scientists.
01:03:57They occur when different weather patterns take place at the same time and cause large
01:04:02unexpected waves.
01:04:03Witnesses say that the waves look like giant walls of water.
01:04:08These waves could explain why ships go down fast and without leaving any trace.
01:04:13The Bermuda Triangle is home to some pretty intense and unexpected weather.
01:04:18Storms build up quickly and unexpectedly, then disappear soon after.
01:04:23If you blink, you might miss it.
01:04:25This could explain why few distress signals are issued.
01:04:28Pilots and sailors never saw the weather coming.
01:04:32No one knows exactly how many ships and planes have disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:04:37The rough estimate is 50 ships and 20 planes.
01:04:41Most of the time, the disappearances had no explanation and no wreckage has ever been
01:04:46left behind.
01:04:48Another bizarre theory trying to solve the Bermuda Triangle mystery comes from Charlie
01:04:52Berlitz.
01:04:53He insists that the area is home to the lost city of Atlantis.
01:04:58Missing ships and planes and malfunctioning equipment, according to him, were all caused
01:05:03by rays of energy let out by the special energy crystals that power Atlantis.
01:05:08While this sounds silly, Berlitz's theory was convincing enough that over 20 million
01:05:13people bought his book worldwide.
01:05:16In the year 1800, a large sailing vessel called the USS Pickering departed from the U.S. on
01:05:22its way to the West Indies.
01:05:24The ship sailed into the Bermuda Triangle along with its 90-man crew and was never heard
01:05:30from again.
01:05:31The USS Pickering was the first ever confirmed ship to vanish in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:05:36It's believed that the ship was taken out by a storm, but because no wreckage was ever
01:05:41found, we'll never know for sure.
01:05:44When the TBF Avenger planes went missing, a massive search operation was conducted.
01:05:50Ships and planes searched the Bermuda Triangle for any signs of the aircraft.
01:05:54One of the boats searching was a PBM-5 Mariner airboat.
01:05:58The airboat took flight at 7.27 p.m. and called in a routine radio message 3 minutes later.
01:06:05Then, it was never heard from again.
01:06:08No trace was ever found of the rescue airboat or the five Avenger aircraft.
01:06:13An enormous investigation was launched into the disappearance of all these vehicles, but
01:06:18nothing was ever discovered.
01:06:20This particular area of the ocean is one of the most heavily traveled shipping routes
01:06:24in the world.
01:06:25Some skeptics believe that this fact solves the mystery.
01:06:29Statistically, the busier the area, the higher the frequency of accidents and disappearances.
01:06:34While this makes sense, it's not the frequency of disappearances that's responsible for
01:06:39the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.
01:06:41It's the lack of explanation or wreckage found.
01:06:46On the ocean floor, decomposing organisms let off large concentrations of methane gas
01:06:52that gets trapped under the water.
01:06:54This gas can build up until, boom, it ruptures.
01:06:57The gas surges up to the surface and erupts.
01:07:00If a ship was in the area of one of these ruptures, the water would become much less
01:07:05dense and cause the ship to sink rapidly and without warning.
01:07:09Scientists believe this could be the cause of the many disappearances in the Bermuda
01:07:13Triangle.
01:07:14While this theory makes a lot of sense, it doesn't seem too likely.
01:07:18The U.S. Geological Survey has stated that no large releases of gas are believed to have
01:07:24occurred in this area for the past 15,000 years.
01:07:29The ocean floor is made of rocks containing a lot of magnetite.
01:07:33It's more like iron.
01:07:35Magnetic fields react to high concentrations of magnetite on the ocean floor, which may
01:07:40start a sort of conflict between the two.
01:07:43They can often lead to various weather anomalies and, as a result, navigation issues.
01:07:48And naturally, any changes in the ocean floor or the Earth's magnetic fields influence
01:07:54the Bermuda Triangle a lot.
01:07:56Since the magnetic field is constantly moving, it might be also taking the Bermuda Triangle
01:08:02with it.
01:08:03Now that people know where the Triangle is, it's easy to avoid it.
01:08:07It supposedly moves eastward together with the magnetic poles.
01:08:11But scientists still can't answer where exactly it will be in a couple of years.
01:08:16Some people blame all the disasters on the extraterrestrial paranormal activity.
01:08:21Others suppose it's all about raging natural phenomena.
01:08:25There's another triangle in Lake Michigan.
01:08:29Just like the one near Bermuda, the Michigan Triangle got its shady reputation for some
01:08:34disappearances.
01:08:35The first recorded one dates back to 1679.
01:08:39A large vessel, one of the largest of that time, set out on an expedition, yet once it
01:08:44got in the sinister triangle, it never came back.
01:08:48Much later, an aircraft disappeared in this triangle.
01:08:52The skies are usually very clear there, but back in 1883, some people witnessed abnormal
01:08:58things in the area.
01:08:59Some claim to have seen large blocks of ice falling from the skies, and the crew even
01:09:04managed to save one as hard proof.
01:09:07Meanwhile, the Pacific Ocean mystery area is another sinister triangle.
01:09:12Off the south coast of Japan, not far away from Tokyo, there's a sea where plenty of
01:09:17ships met their doom, disappearing without a trace in these waters.
01:09:22They call it the Devil's Triangle.
01:09:25Some scientists believe the cause of anomalies is the environmental changes.
01:09:29Also, there's a really high concentration of methane hydrates on the bottom of the ocean
01:09:34in the Pacific Triangle area.
01:09:38You're deviating from your original course and sailing in the wrong direction.
01:09:42There's the Caribbean Sea near the triangle, peppered with small islands.
01:09:47The seafloor here isn't deep.
01:09:49The ship can get in shallow waters.
01:09:51And now the ship is stuck on a shoal, and you have no idea where you are.
01:09:56If this were the 21st century, the ship's captain would be able to reach the shore using
01:10:00GPS and other modern navigation.
01:10:04But the most interesting thing is that the compass would work correctly this time, since
01:10:08the magnetic north pole hasn't already coincided with the true one for a long time in the territory
01:10:14of the Bermuda Triangle.
01:10:16The agonic line is somewhere far away from here.
01:10:20There are no problems with navigation now, but for some reason, this is where ships disappear.
01:10:26In fact, not just here.
01:10:28Throughout the Atlantic Ocean, there are places where many more ships were gone.
01:10:32The Bermuda Triangle is not even in the top 10 of such places.
01:10:36One of the main reasons why many ships are lost here is that one of the most popular
01:10:41shipping routes in the Atlantic passes through the Bermuda Triangle.
01:10:45And the more ships in one place, the more shipwrecks.
01:10:48Simple probability.
01:10:50Then it just starts getting weird.
01:10:53Other theories say that there's a space-time rift in this region.
01:10:57Ships and planes fall into this rift and end up in the past or the future.
01:11:02But for some reason, there's not a single proof of this myth.
01:11:05There's no reason to think that the rift is hidden somewhere here.
01:11:08The base of an extraterrestrial civilization is located in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:11:14Visitors from other galaxies steal sea vessels along with the crew, so no one finds the wreckage
01:11:20of the ships.
01:11:21This is also a popular myth that has no scientific justification.
01:11:26The Kraken lives somewhere in the Triangle.
01:11:28It's a huge squid that sinks ships and also is a legend that sailors tell each other.
01:11:33However, gigantic squids live in the depths of the ocean.
01:11:37They can grow to the size of half a train car, but no cases have ever been recorded
01:11:42where they sunk a large vessel.
01:11:44And in the area of the Bermuda Triangle, they have never ever been seen.
01:11:49People in the past didn't know about the existence of these creatures.
01:11:53So when they saw them for the first time, they described them as huge, terrible monsters.
01:11:58Giant squids are some of the most elusive creatures on Earth, and scientists had to
01:12:02use sonar equipment to find them.
01:12:05They don't like to leave the dark depths and are likely to be afraid of the sound of
01:12:09any ship.
01:12:10So that should squash the squid as a suspect.
01:12:18The Bermuda Triangle is one of the most heavily traveled shipping routes in the world.
01:12:22Some skeptics believe that this fact solves the Bermuda Triangle mystery.
01:12:27Statistically, the busier the area, the higher the frequency of accidents and disappearances.
01:12:32While this makes sense, it's not the frequency of disappearances that's responsible for
01:12:36the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.
01:12:38It's the lack of explanation or wreckage found.
01:12:43On his very first voyage to the New World in 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed through
01:12:48the Bermuda Triangle.
01:12:50Columbus reported that one night, when he was on the deck of the ship, he noticed a
01:12:54giant light appear in the distance, unlike anything he'd ever seen before.
01:12:59Columbus looked at his compass for direction, and it gave off erratic readings.
01:13:04You might have noticed that the Bermuda Triangle doesn't appear on any world map.
01:13:08This is because official institutions refuse to acknowledge that the area actually exists.
01:13:15No one exactly knows how many ships and planes have disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:13:20The rough estimate is 50 ships and 20 planes.
01:13:24Most of the time, the disappearances had no explanation and no wreckage has ever been
01:13:28left behind.
01:13:30When the TBF Avenger planes went missing, a massive search operation was conducted.
01:13:35Boats and planes searched the Bermuda Triangle for any signs of the aircraft.
01:13:39One of the boats searching was a PBM-5 Mariner airboat.
01:13:43The airboat took flight at 7.27 p.m. and called in a routine radio message 3 minutes later.
01:13:49Then, it was never heard from again.
01:13:52No trace was ever found of the rescue airboat, or the five Avenger aircraft.
01:13:57A huge investigation was launched into the disappearance of all these vehicles, but nothing
01:14:02was ever discovered.
01:14:05The Bermuda Triangle is home to some pretty intense and unexpected weather.
01:14:10Storms build up quickly and unexpectedly, then disappear soon after.
01:14:14If you blink, you might miss it.
01:14:16This could explain why few distress signals are issued.
01:14:19Astronomers and sailors never saw the weather coming.
01:14:22A popular theory suggests that rogue waves are responsible for the many disappearances.
01:14:28Rogue waves are called extreme storm waves by scientists.
01:14:31They occur when different weather patterns take place at the same time and cause large
01:14:36unexpected waves that reach up to 100 feet tall.
01:14:40Witnesses say that the waves look like giant walls of water.
01:14:43These waves could explain why ships go down fast and without leaving any trace.
01:14:50Just off the coast of Japan, you'll find the Bermuda Triangle of the Pacific Ocean.
01:14:54They call it the Devil's Triangle.
01:14:57Between 1950 and 1954, nine ships disappeared in this area without leaving a trace.
01:15:03The ship Kaio Maru 5 was sent to investigate these unexplained disappearances when it also
01:15:08vanished.
01:15:10After this incident, the Japanese authorities labeled the area as a danger zone, and sailors
01:15:15were encouraged to avoid it.
01:15:19Some people blame all disasters on the extraterrestrial paranormal activity.
01:15:23Others suppose it's all about raging natural phenomena.
01:15:27Some scientists believe the cause of anomalies is the environmental changes.
01:15:31Also, there's a really high concentration of methane hydrates on the bottom of the ocean
01:15:36in the Pacific Bermuda area.
01:15:39This gas tends to set off, and when it happens, bubbles start forming on the surface of the
01:15:44water.
01:15:45These gas eruptions can interrupt the ability to float and can easily sink a ship.
01:15:50Because of this chemical reaction, there won't be even a trace left.
01:15:55Underwater volcanoes are said to be another possible explanation for the Japanese Dragon's
01:16:00Triangle.
01:16:01In fact, they can take down even small islands.
01:16:04Luckily, nobody lives there.
01:16:06It's a pretty common thing in this area that some of them disappear underwater and others
01:16:11appear out of the blue because of seismic activity.
01:16:14You'll never find the Dragon's Triangle on any official map of the world, so nobody's
01:16:19quite sure about how large it is in reality.
01:16:23In July 2015, two teenagers disappeared after setting sail off the coast of Florida.
01:16:30There's some mystery about what the two teens were really getting up to.
01:16:34They told their parents that they were just going to fish.
01:16:37But they told their friends that they were crossing to the Bahamas.
01:16:40Shortly after they left, a line of thunderstorms moved towards the area, and the boys were
01:16:45never heard from again.
01:16:47A massive search was conducted, but sadly, nothing was found.
01:16:52One year later, the pair's boat was found off the coast of Bermuda with a broken iPhone
01:16:57and some personal effects left inside.
01:17:01One of the most popular and bizarre theories trying to solve the Bermuda Triangle mystery
01:17:05comes from Charles Berlitz.
01:17:07He insists that the area is home to the lost city of Atlantis.
01:17:12The missing ships and planes and malfunctioning equipment, according to him, were all caused
01:17:16by rays of energy let out by the special energy crystals that power Atlantis.
01:17:22While this sounds silly, Berlitz's theory was convincing enough that over 20 million
01:17:26people bought his book worldwide.
01:17:30Previously, the compass wouldn't work well in the Bermuda Triangle since the lines of
01:17:34the two poles coincided here – true north and magnetic north.
01:17:39But if you fall into this line, your compass will behave strangely.
01:17:43But the magnetic north is constantly shifting, and now it's far beyond the triangle.
01:17:49No legend says pirates of the last centuries operate in the Bermuda Triangle, or that the
01:17:53flying Dutchman makes other ships disappear.
01:17:57A popular theory is that ships travel to the distant past or future through a time
01:18:01portal in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:18:03Fortunately, these are all myths.
01:18:06Just imagine hundreds of giant tentacles reaching out to a group of ships sailing through the
01:18:11Bermuda Triangle.
01:18:13In the past centuries, they could easily sink an entire fleet since the ships were made
01:18:17of wood and were lighter.
01:18:19Squids wrapped decks with their strong tentacles, made holes in the ships' hulls with their
01:18:24sharp beaks.
01:18:25Toothy suction cups could break the masts and tear the sails.
01:18:29The water was filling the holes and slowly rising to the deck.
01:18:32The ships sank in a matter of minutes.
01:18:35Survivors reached the shore and told everyone about huge monsters.
01:18:39This is how the legends of the Kraken appeared.
01:18:41Fortunately, now people have sonars and equipment for monitoring the sea space.
01:18:46They say the main reason why this place is so enigmatic must be the magnetic fields that
01:18:51form this ominous triangle.
01:18:54The ocean floor is made of rocks containing a lot of magnetite.
01:18:57It's more like iron.
01:18:59Magnetic fields react to the high concentration of magnetite on the ocean floor, which may
01:19:04start a sort of conflict between the two.
01:19:07It can often lead to various weather anomalies and, as a result, navigation issues.
01:19:13And naturally, any changes in the ocean floor or the Earth's magnetic fields influence
01:19:18the Bermuda Triangle a lot.
01:19:21Magnetic fields tend to shift their position, so do tectonic plates and even the continents,
01:19:27even though we never notice it.
01:19:30The skies are usually very clear there, but back in 1883, some people witnessed abnormal
01:19:35things in the area.
01:19:37Some claim to have seen large blocks of ice falling from the skies, and the crew even
01:19:42managed to save one as hard proof.
01:19:45Seems like the Bermuda Triangle has an alternate not only on Earth, but even in space.
01:19:51Earths usually don't disappear into thin air, though, like there's no air.
01:19:55This anomalous area is really large and stretches right above the South Atlantic.
01:20:00It occupies the area from Chile to Zimbabwe and sits right at the point where Van Allen
01:20:05radiation belts are the closest to the surface of our planet.
01:20:09The Earth has two such belts, which come in handy trapping the particles that shoot in
01:20:13from the Sun.
01:20:14They do a great job protecting the Earth from radiation.
01:20:18The magnetic field there is lower, so it allows the Earth's radiation belt to come
01:20:22closer to the surface.
01:20:24Whenever a satellite passes by, it will be exposed to radiation which might lead to serious
01:20:29damage.
01:20:30So, no satellite can take pictures of it.
01:20:33The South Atlantic Anomaly is part of the Earth where natural radiation just flows out
01:20:38of control.
01:20:39Still, there is little evidence that all these triangles are really dangerous.
01:20:44Many believe the Bermuda Triangle itself has been proven time and again to be nothing
01:20:49but a work of fiction.
01:20:50In fact, some shipwrecks, such as the Ellen Austin, gained popularity in the middle of
01:20:55the 20th century, while nobody even thought of drawing a triangle in the Bermuda area
01:21:00before that.
01:21:01The mystery was popularized by science fiction writers and became a common myth, while no
01:21:06serious research proved it any more dangerous than other parts of the world's ocean.
01:21:11So, the crew of the Ellen Austin, back in 1881, weren't even aware of the Bermuda Triangle
01:21:17back then, let alone afraid of it.
01:21:20What do you think?
01:21:28Ships and planes disappearing without a trace.
01:21:31Passengers never seen or heard from again.
01:21:34Reports of strange lights in the sky.
01:21:37No, these aren't scenes from an upcoming Hollywood blockbuster, but some of the strange occurrences
01:21:43reported for over a century in an area ominously dubbed the Graveyard of Lake Ontario, also
01:21:50referred to as Canada's Bermuda Triangle, or the Marysburg Vortex.
01:21:56It stretches across a portion of Lake Ontario from Kingston to Prince Edward County in Canada
01:22:01and down to Oswego, New York in the U.S.
01:22:05The tales about this area can be as chilling as the frigid lake water on which they took
01:22:09place.
01:22:10The most unsettling story involves the schooner called the Bavaria.
01:22:15It was 1889 and the ship was being towed across the lake.
01:22:19Rough water severed the tow rope and the Bavaria floated away.
01:22:23Luckily, the schooner was later found safe and fully intact.
01:22:27But there was one thing missing, the crew.
01:22:30Not a single person was found on board.
01:22:33What makes the story even more bizarre is that the dinner table was set, a loaf of bread
01:22:38was discovered, freshly baked, and the captain's money and his papers were fully accounted
01:22:43for.
01:22:44There was even a pet canary happily chirping away as if nothing was amiss.
01:22:49What happened to the crew?
01:22:51We may never know.
01:22:53And this was not a unique incident.
01:22:55Just over a decade later, in 1900, three ships, the Annie Minis, the Picton, and the Acacia,
01:23:02were sailing across the lake.
01:23:04But only two would make it to their final destination.
01:23:08The third one, the Picton, was speeding ahead of the others when it simply vanished.
01:23:13According to a cook on the Annie Minis, we were well out into the lake and making good
01:23:18time when all of a sudden we saw the Picton's top sails coming off and then her lower sails
01:23:23settled.
01:23:24And then, while we stood and watched, the Picton just disappeared.
01:23:28It's possible that the ship sank, as there was some wreckage later seen in the water,
01:23:33but the ship itself was never found, and none of its crew ever located.
01:23:38A few weeks later, a bottle with a note inside was discovered in Sackets Harbor, New York.
01:23:44The note was from Captain Sidley of the Picton.
01:23:47Have lashed Vessie to me with heaving line, so that we will be found together.
01:23:52Vessie was the captain's twelve-year-old son.
01:23:54The note creates more questions than answers.
01:23:57If the witnesses were correct, the ship's disappearance was quite quick.
01:24:01When did Captain Sidley know he was in danger?
01:24:04Why not signal for help if he had any warning?
01:24:07And when did he have time to write a note, bottle it, and tie himself to his son?
01:24:12It truly is a mystery.
01:24:14And it was not just ships that ran afoul of the strange forces in the area.
01:24:18Planes also struggled to make it through in one piece.
01:24:22In 1975, Ron Scott flew out from the Picton Airport in his Cessna 172.
01:24:28As he entered the Marysburg Vortex, his plane banked to the side.
01:24:33For several seconds, he was unable to right the plane, but once he did, the same force
01:24:37banked him to the other side.
01:24:39Again, he was stuck there for a few seconds, unable to control his plane.
01:24:44A skilled pilot, he had never experienced anything like it before.
01:24:49He was certainly luckier than Royal Canadian Air Force pilot Barry Allen Newman.
01:24:54Newman was at the same spot back in 1952, when he lost control of his jet and crashed
01:24:59into the lake.
01:25:01To this day, his body has not been found.
01:25:04In total, over 270 ships and at least 40 planes have met a tragic end in this area.
01:25:11And adding to the mystery, sometimes people report a series of bright lights or orbs,
01:25:16or a dark ship hovering in the sky.
01:25:19These are even harder to explain.
01:25:21Witnesses willing to report them are adamant they are true.
01:25:25Sid Wells said he watched a strange shape like a multi-faceted diamond slowly spinning
01:25:30in the sky, and then it just disappeared.
01:25:34Others claim to have seen it too.
01:25:36Of course, the Marysburg Vortex is just one of several places around the world known as
01:25:41Vile Vortices, a term coined by biologist and writer Ivan T. Sanderson.
01:25:47He discovered 12 other equally spaced areas on the surface of Earth where funny things
01:25:52happen.
01:25:53The best known of these, of course, is the dreaded Bermuda Triangle.
01:25:57Situated in the Atlantic Ocean between Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico, it has been blamed
01:26:02for the disappearance of thousands of people.
01:26:05They went in, on boats or in planes, but they never came out.
01:26:10Even the explorer Christopher Columbus experienced the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle during
01:26:14his first voyage to America in 1492.
01:26:18He said the compasses pointed in the wrong direction, the sea levels seemed to change
01:26:22dramatically, and he even spotted strange lights in the sky.
01:26:26In 1918, the USS Cyclops, which was one of the U.S. Navy's biggest fuel ships, disappeared
01:26:33there.
01:26:34Since the 309 crew members were declared lost at sea when the Cyclops vanished, it's seen
01:26:39as the largest loss of life in the history of the U.S. Navy in a single incident.
01:26:45At the time, the weather was good.
01:26:47The one message sent that day from the ship indicated no issues or concerns, and a distress
01:26:52signal was never sent.
01:26:54A thorough naval investigation followed.
01:26:57Its conclusion?
01:26:59Many theories have been advanced, but none that satisfactorily accounts for the ship's
01:27:03disappearance.
01:27:04In other words, the investigators were stumped.
01:27:08There's also the Dragon's Triangle, located in the Pacific Ocean.
01:27:12The most disturbing story involves a group of Japanese vessels that disappeared in the
01:27:161950s.
01:27:18When researchers were sent to investigate what happened, they too disappeared.
01:27:22In each case, it's impossible to truly know what occurred, and it's easy to get caught
01:27:27up in stories of giant sea monsters lurking beneath the waves.
01:27:31Who doesn't like a good scare?
01:27:33But Sanderson was willing to accept the possibility of such stories being true.
01:27:38He believed the vile vortices that he studied could be explained by anything from a wrinkle
01:27:43in the space-time continuum, to magnetic abnormalities, to underwater people.
01:27:49Of course, Sanderson was not only a huge fan of strange places.
01:27:53He also wrote about strange creatures, like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster.
01:27:57His skills as an impartial scientist are questionable, though.
01:28:01In 1948, he claimed that some three-toed footprints found at Clearwater Beach in Florida
01:28:07were proof of 15-foot-tall penguins, arguing that they were impossible to fake.
01:28:12In 1988, Tony Cingerini revealed that he and his friend, attaching some cast-iron feet
01:28:18to his high-top sneakers, were behind the giant penguin hoax.
01:28:22So maybe Sanderson isn't the most reliable source after all.
01:28:26There are also some very compelling and wholly natural explanations.
01:28:31Let's look specifically at the Marysburg Vortex.
01:28:35It's entirely possible that ships like the Bavaria and the Picton were done in by a mix
01:28:39of bad luck and bad weather.
01:28:42Unsettled weather is certainly not uncommon on Lake Ontario, and flash storms on the open
01:28:47water can prove dangerous to the most skilled sailor.
01:28:50And even today, with advances in weather forecasting, we get it wrong all the time.
01:28:55Back then, there was no way to predict that a storm was just around the corner.
01:29:00And the weather was just one issue.
01:29:03Historian Mark Seguin said that the area was always known to be dangerous, as the lake
01:29:08bed quickly becomes shallow along the eastern shore.
01:29:11There are also small rocky islands and shoals scattered throughout the area, making sailing
01:29:16a risky venture, especially for larger vessels or those weighed down by heavy cargo.
01:29:22By the mid-20th century, modern weather forecasting and improved shipbuilding alleviated most
01:29:27of the hazards of the Great Lakes shipping, resulting in fewer losses.
01:29:31The last major shipwreck in any of the Great Lakes was that of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald,
01:29:36which sank off the coast of Lake Superior in 1975, with 29 crew members going down with
01:29:42it.
01:29:43It seems the Vortex is no match for human progress.
01:29:47And as for lights or images in the sky?
01:29:49In most cases, it's the result of an interesting phenomenon called thermal or temperature inversion.
01:29:55When this happens, a layer of warm air becomes trapped under cold air.
01:29:59This can result in mirages or reflections.
01:30:02So, a light on the ground that is miles away can be reflected in the sky, giving the impression
01:30:08of a flying object.
01:30:10Other parts of the mystery may be solved with a little time.
01:30:13Lake Ontario's freshwater and frigid temperatures help preserve the ships and planes that came
01:30:18to rest there.
01:30:19As divers and researchers continue to explore the area, maybe we'll finally learn the fate
01:30:24of the Bavaria, the Picton, Captain Siddeley, and his son.
01:30:30Some people are still afraid of sailing through this region because more than 50 ships and
01:30:3520 planes have disappeared here since the mid-19th century.
01:30:39You won't find this place on a regular paper map, as it's not an official region of the
01:30:43Atlantic Ocean.
01:30:45It's just an imaginary area of water in the shape of a triangle near the southeastern
01:30:50coast of the U.S.
01:30:52Right now, we're going there to debunk all the myths and fairy tales about this place.
01:30:58The most popular theory says that the ancient city of Atlantis was once located where the
01:31:02Bermuda Triangle is now.
01:31:04It was inhabited by a more advanced civilization than the rest of the people on Earth.
01:31:09In this area, some mysterious crystals were installed that generated infinite energy and
01:31:14powered the entire city.
01:31:16Then the city sank, and its ruins still lie on the bottom of the Atlantic.
01:31:21But among its ruins, there are still places where crystals work.
01:31:25They're the reason for most disappearances.
01:31:28Crystals randomly release beams of energy towards the surface and disable the electronics
01:31:33of planes and ships.
01:31:35There are no facts to support this theory.
01:31:38Someone once wrote this legend in a book about the Bermuda Triangle, and some people have
01:31:42been supporting it ever since.
01:31:44However, there's some oddity associated with electronics.
01:31:48Astronauts of the International Space Station noticed the Earth's magnetic field is weakened
01:31:54in the Bermuda Triangle area.
01:31:56This field is a shield that protects us from solar radiation.
01:32:00Above the triangle, the particles of the sun's rays move faster than in any other part of
01:32:05the planet.
01:32:06This causes unstable work in the electronics of satellites flying in the atmosphere of
01:32:10Earth.
01:32:11It doesn't apply to ships and planes, though.
01:32:14There's also a theory that the Bermuda Triangle is the center of a magnetic anomaly causing
01:32:19navigation errors, but regular checks of the magnetic map of this region don't reveal any
01:32:24issues.
01:32:25You arrive at the place.
01:32:27The water is calm, and there's no coming storm in sight.
01:32:30You look at the compass and see the arrow moving from side to side.
01:32:34Oh no!
01:32:35It's begun!
01:32:36Panic rises within you, and you quickly turn the steering wheel of the ship to sail away
01:32:41from this place.
01:32:42Oh stop!
01:32:44There has long been an explanation for the strange compass behavior in this area.
01:32:48The Bermuda Triangle is one of the rare places on the planet where True North and the Magnetic
01:32:53One are in the exact same direction.
01:32:56True North is the geographic North Pole of our planet.
01:33:00Magnetic North directs to the North Magnetic Pole, which constantly wanders around the
01:33:04Earth.
01:33:05Sometimes, these poles coincide, and the straight line that connects North and South is called
01:33:11the Agonic Line.
01:33:12If you fall into this line, your compass will behave strangely.
01:33:16It won't point exactly to the North.
01:33:18Imagine that you're the captain of a ship sailing in the Bermuda Triangle at the beginning
01:33:23of the 20th century.
01:33:25You need to know where North is to get to the shore.
01:33:27You look at the compass, and it points incorrectly.
01:33:31You're deviating from your original course and sailing in the wrong direction.
01:33:35There's the Caribbean Sea near the triangle, peppered with small islands.
01:33:40The seafloor here isn't deep.
01:33:42The ship can get in shallow waters.
01:33:44And now, the ship is stuck on a shoal, and you have no idea where you are.
01:33:49If this were the 21st century, the ship's captain would be able to reach the shore using
01:33:53GPS and other modern navigation.
01:33:56But the most interesting thing is that the compass would work correctly this time, since
01:34:01the Magnetic North Pole hasn't already coincided with the True One for a long time in the territory
01:34:07of the Bermuda Triangle.
01:34:09The Agonic Line is somewhere far away from here.
01:34:12There are no problems with navigation now, but for some reason, this is where ships disappear.
01:34:18In fact, not just here, throughout the Atlantic Ocean, there are places where many more ships
01:34:23have gone.
01:34:24The Bermuda Triangle is not even in the top 10 of such places.
01:34:28One of the main reasons why many ships are lost here is that one of the most popular
01:34:32shipping routes in the Atlantic passes through the Bermuda Triangle, and the more ships in
01:34:37one place, the more shipwrecks.
01:34:40Simple probability.
01:34:42Other theories say there's a space-time rift in this region.
01:34:46Ships and planes fall into this rift and end up in the past or the future.
01:34:50But for some reason, there's not a single proof of this myth.
01:34:54There's no reason to think that the rift is hidden somewhere here.
01:34:58The base of an extraterrestrial civilization is located in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:35:03Explorers from other galaxies steal sea vessels along with the crew, so no one finds the wreckage
01:35:09of the ships.
01:35:10This is also a popular myth that has no scientific justification.
01:35:15Sunken ships are not found here as there's one of the deepest trenches in the world.
01:35:20Any sinking ship will sink to a depth of about 19,000 feet.
01:35:24The enormous pressure and distance makes it difficult to find the ships.
01:35:28Also, the Puerto Rico Trench is nearby.
01:35:32In some spots, it's as deep as 27,500 feet.
01:35:37The Kraken lives somewhere in the Triangle.
01:35:39It's a huge squid that sinks ships and is also a legend that sailors tell each other.
01:35:45However, gigantic squids live in the depths of the ocean.
01:35:49They can grow to the size of half a train car, but no cases have been recorded where
01:35:53they have sunk a large vessel.
01:35:55And in the area of the Bermuda Triangle, they've never even been seen.
01:36:00People in the past didn't know about the existence of these creatures, so when they
01:36:04saw them for the first time, they described them as huge, terrible monsters.
01:36:09Giant squids are some of the most elusive creatures on Earth, and scientists had to
01:36:14use sonar equipment to find them.
01:36:16They don't like to leave the dark depths and are likely to be afraid of the sound of any
01:36:21ship.
01:36:22A more realistic hypothesis about the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle is methane.
01:36:27Large deposits of this gas can be found under the seafloor of this region.
01:36:32From there, methane is released into the water.
01:36:35It takes the form of huge bubbles that quickly rise to the surface.
01:36:39Then, the gas makes the water almost boil, creating waves that sink ships.
01:36:45The theory is quite realistic, but numerous studies still haven't confirmed the presence
01:36:50of an increased concentration of methane in the region.
01:36:53Last time this phenomenon occurred was 15,000 years ago.
01:36:58Another credible theory implies the appearance of rogue waves.
01:37:02Imagine a clear, calm sea without wind.
01:37:04Suddenly, you hear a loud hum.
01:37:07In just a few seconds, a huge wave, 100 feet tall, appears from the calm surface and falls
01:37:13on your ship.
01:37:15Some scientists believe rogue waves are created by a surface sea current colliding with a
01:37:19strong headwind.
01:37:21There's a version claiming the wave is born because of the collision of warm and cold
01:37:26currents.
01:37:27But the most interesting theory says the waves are formed by kinetic vampirism.
01:37:33Under certain natural conditions, waves can exchange kinetic energy.
01:37:37And among all the waves, there will be one, the vampire, that gets the energy of all the
01:37:43others.
01:37:44When it accumulates enough energy, the vampire wave spills it out.
01:37:48This explains the force of the impact and its sudden disappearance.
01:37:52This phenomenon is observed in all the waters of the world's oceans, but there's no evidence
01:37:57that it occurs most often in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:38:00If rogue waves appeared there, it was not during a calm.
01:38:04A restless sea is the main reason for ship disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle.
01:38:09Severe storms and hurricanes are a frequent thing there because the Bermuda Islands is
01:38:14an area of high pressure that diverts thunderstorms towards the triangle.
01:38:19Huge waves simply overturn ships, and thunder and lightning flashes disable planes' electronics.
01:38:25There's nothing mysterious about this.
01:38:28Storms and ship disappearances occur in all oceans, but a lot of legends were made exactly
01:38:34about the Bermuda Triangle.
01:38:36It all started in the middle of the 20th century when a book was published that tells us that
01:38:41Atlantis lies in the waters of the triangle.
01:38:44No proof was given, but people liked this mysterious theory so much, they began to build
01:38:50upon it.
01:38:51They started making documentaries about it and writing new books.
01:38:54Each material devoted to the fantastic nature of the triangle was based not on facts, but
01:39:00the theories of other written books and films.
01:39:03And when a topic is popular, you can make money on it.
01:39:07Please enjoy it, and authors are rewarded!
01:39:10Oh, hey there!
01:39:14Today you're going on a round-the-world trip.
01:39:17And even though Phineas Fogg was able to make this trip in 80 days, you know, like in the
01:39:22Jules Verne book, I can't promise you will return safely.
01:39:26The fact is that the world is now chock-full of unknown anomalies.
01:39:30They used to be observed only in the Bermuda Triangle, but now they're found everywhere.
01:39:43We start the journey from New York, and our first destination is Los Angeles.
01:39:47The best way to get there is by plane, but while even an ordinary plane is designed to
01:39:52withstand severe storms, yours is special.
01:39:56Your very own Iron Eagle has a reinforced hull, an enlarged fuel tank, and a rescue
01:40:02capsule that will ensure your survival in an emergency.
01:40:06Okay, you take off into clear sky.
01:40:09White clouds, bright sun, and no turbulence at all.
01:40:13But suddenly, this piece is shattered by strong winds, black clouds, and bolts of lightning.
01:40:19One cloud looks especially sinister.
01:40:22It seems to be alive and growing in size.
01:40:25You have no choice but to fly through it.
01:40:27You take a deep breath.
01:40:30As soon as you fly in there, everything plunges into absolute darkness.
01:40:34You can only see white flashes.
01:40:37They brightly illuminate black clouds for a couple of moments but are nothing like lightning.
01:40:42The turbulence is increasing, and you can hardly hold the controls in your hands.
01:40:47Suddenly, the cloud begins to change its shape.
01:40:50It gradually forms some kind of tunnel, and you fly dead center of this ring.
01:40:56But now, the tunnel walls begin to close down on you.
01:41:00The only way out is to fly to the light at the end of the tunnel.
01:41:04So you increase thrust and focus.
01:41:07All the electronics of the plane are squeaking and warning of the danger.
01:41:11The engine is at its limit.
01:41:13You're sweating from tension.
01:41:15The walls of the tunnel almost touch the wings of the plane, and…
01:41:19You did it!
01:41:20You left this dark cloud just at the very last moment.
01:41:25You can exhale with relief.
01:41:27Now you're in a dense gray fog.
01:41:30You don't see a gap in it for miles around.
01:41:33Your radar is malfunctioning and can't show you where you are.
01:41:37It's time to contact ground control and determine your location.
01:41:42And when you hear the ground control's reply, your eyes become like bowling balls in surprise.
01:41:48Turns out you're already in Los Angeles airspace!
01:41:51What?
01:41:52But this is just impossible!
01:41:54Usually this trip takes about 5 hours.
01:41:57But now you've traveled about 2,500 miles twice as fast!
01:42:02To understand this, we need to open an encyclopedia of Bermuda anomalies.
01:42:07It's quite popular among travelers today.
01:42:10You flick through to the chapter of time travel, and… here it is.
01:42:14In December 1970, experienced pilot Bruce Gurnon fell into a similar anomaly in the
01:42:21Bermuda Triangle.
01:42:22He managed to survive and shared his experience.
01:42:26Scientists were able to explain most of the strange events he saw.
01:42:30But the journey through time is still a mystery.
01:42:33And now there's a lot of these sky tunnels around the world.
01:42:36Wow, this anomaly seems even useful!
01:42:39You've saved quite some time and fuel.
01:42:42It's time to land the plane, change transport, and head to your next destination – Japan.
01:42:49This time, you'll be traveling by ship.
01:42:51A voyage through the Pacific Ocean should be calm and peaceful, and you'll be able
01:42:55to rest after a difficult flight.
01:42:58In a couple of weeks, the captain of the ship comes down from the bridge and reports a terrible
01:43:03fact – you're lost at sea.
01:43:08The passengers are shocked.
01:43:10Some people start shouting at the captain, accusing him of incompetence.
01:43:14In response, he shows a compass that was supposed to help him in navigation.
01:43:19The device has gone crazy – his hand is spinning like the second hand of a watch.
01:43:25Suddenly a thought occurs to you.
01:43:27You must've entered another anomalous area – the Devil's Sea.
01:43:32This is as mystical a place as the Bermuda Triangle, and it's marked with a red dot
01:43:36in your anomaly encyclopedia.
01:43:39In 1950 and 1954, many ships and hundreds of crew members were lost there without a
01:43:45trace.
01:43:47In 1955, Japan sent its research ship, Kaio Maru No. 5 here to find the cause of the disappearances.
01:43:55Unfortunately, that ship also went missing without a trace.
01:44:00But now you know there's a geomagnetic anomaly in this place which drives all compasses crazy.
01:44:06This is because of high metal content in the ground underwater.
01:44:10The magnetic compass arrow is very sensitive to such things.
01:44:14So you take the situation into your own hands and suggest you use other navigation methods.
01:44:20Neither radio nor satellite navigation works either.
01:44:23So you raise your eyes to the sky and just watch the sun.
01:44:28The sunset is to the west, and it's exactly the direction you need.
01:44:33Pretty soon, you finally step on solid ground.
01:44:36Welcome to Japan!
01:44:38A couple of souvenirs, and on to the airport.
01:44:41This time, you're heading to the east coast of India.
01:44:44The flight is going fine – no turbulence or malfunction of the plane's tools.
01:44:49You observe the night sky through the window, and suddenly see a strange light.
01:44:54It's small and moving up and down.
01:44:57Other passengers don't even pay attention to it.
01:44:59For them, it's a common thing.
01:45:02When you open your encyclopedia, you quickly learn that the first person who described
01:45:06this anomaly was Christopher Columbus.
01:45:09He said it was like a candle moving upwards.
01:45:12He also wrote that a flame suddenly burst out in the sea.
01:45:16It all happened just as he was sailing through the Bermuda Triangle area on his first journey
01:45:21to the New World.
01:45:23But now, these lights are a common sight around the planet.
01:45:27In India, you buy a ticket for a cruise liner that goes to Florida.
01:45:31This route is popular among tourists as it goes through many interesting anomalies.
01:45:36It's more of sightseeing now.
01:45:38The first of them is a ghost ship.
01:45:40The hunt for it lasted for weeks.
01:45:43Each time the cruise ship got close to the ghost, a thick fog fell on the water.
01:45:48Tourists stood on viewing platforms and looked for the mast of the ship in the distance.
01:45:53But it appeared and disappeared like a shark fin.
01:45:56Finally, you manage to get closer to the ship.
01:46:00But everyone is asked to stay on board the liner and not attempt to come aboard the ghost
01:46:04ship.
01:46:05All tourists know the sad story of when this ghost was first found.
01:46:09In 1880, the Ellen Austin found a drifting schooner in thick fog.
01:46:15The captain sent a few people to scout there.
01:46:18They found a lot of valuable cargo and personal belongings of the crew.
01:46:22But there was no trace of other people.
01:46:25It looked as if the entire crew of the ghost ship simply disappeared.
01:46:29The captain of the Ellen Austin decided to tow the ghost to the port to sell its cargo.
01:46:34But as soon as they started their voyage, a strong storm divided the ships, and the
01:46:39ghost disappeared.
01:46:41The crew spent several days looking for it.
01:46:44They managed to find the schooner again, but the prized crew on it was gone, just like
01:46:49the original crew of the ghost ship.
01:46:52So you continue your journey, and after a while, you enter the most mysterious place
01:46:57on the planet – the Bermuda Triangle itself.
01:47:01This zone is considered the birthplace of all anomalies.
01:47:05All the tourists gather on one side of the ship.
01:47:08The place they're looking at is like a giant bubble bath.
01:47:11The captain of the ship makes an announcement.
01:47:14Any kind of open fire is strictly prohibited here.
01:47:17This anomaly is, in fact, a source of natural gas.
01:47:22Methane bubbles burst out of the Earth's crust and rise to the top.
01:47:26These deposits are responsible for the loss of many ships.
01:47:29Of course, if you light a match next to such bubbles, well, kaboom!
01:47:35The last stretch of the journey from Florida to New York will be very intense.
01:47:39There are extreme weather changes in this area.
01:47:42For the moment, the sun is shining and there is no wind at all.
01:47:47But in a second, there's a sudden strong storm.
01:47:50Lightning strikes literally every second, and the sky is completely covered with black
01:47:55clouds.
01:47:57And in another minute, the sun's rays disperse the clouds and the storm ends.
01:48:02This is another anomaly caused by the Gulf Stream current.
01:48:06Huge masses of warm air meet with colder ones.
01:48:09This provokes instant weather changes and violent storms.
01:48:13Many sailors and pilots were not ready for such conditions, and this led to entire ships
01:48:17and crews disappearing without a trace.
01:48:21But now, when these anomalies are everywhere, they're well-studied and shouldn't be feared.
01:48:26You get home safe and sound, and you can boast that you have experienced the most brutal
01:48:31anomalies of the Bermuda Triangle.
01:48:34But please, can you lose the Bermuda shorts?
01:48:37It's just too much.
01:48:43The notorious Bermuda Triangle in the North Atlantic Ocean makes people, ships, and airplanes
01:48:49vanish into thin air.
01:48:52Some experts blame bad weather conditions, others are sure the reason is heavy traffic
01:48:57in the area and human error.
01:49:01Many people believe in conspiracy theories, aliens, the lost city of Atlantis, or even
01:49:06a massive meteorite lying on the ocean floor.
01:49:10There are also those who deny there's anything unusual about the triangle.
01:49:14And still, the mystery remains.
01:49:19But few people know that the South Atlantic Ocean has an enigma of its own.
01:49:23Well, not the ocean itself, but a patch of space above this area.
01:49:29It's dubbed the Bermuda Triangle of Space, or the South Atlantic Anomaly.
01:49:35There, Earth's protection against solar radiation is much weaker than anywhere else.
01:49:41When spacecraft get into this region, all kinds of serious problems occur to them.
01:49:46For example, their equipment can fail or break down out of the blue.
01:49:52When NASA was launching its $2.5 billion Perseverance rover in July 2020, the space agency planners
01:49:59had to do their best to avoid the space Bermuda Triangle.
01:50:03Otherwise, it could have easily wreaked havoc on the spacecraft headed for Mars.
01:50:09This bizarre region stretches from Zimbabwe to Chile.
01:50:14The anomaly itself seems to be connected with one of the two Van Allen radiation belts.
01:50:20These belts are zones of intense radiation that comes from the solar wind.
01:50:26Charged particles get caught by our planet's magnetic field.
01:50:29They form two rings that surround Earth, stretching from 400 to 36,000 miles above the surface.
01:50:37The inner Van Allen belt is made up of mostly protons, while the outer is mainly electrons.
01:50:43By trapping the particles, the two belts protect you and our planet from getting harmed by
01:50:49solar radiation.
01:50:51The South Atlantic Anomaly lies in the region where the inner Van Allen belt comes very
01:50:56close to the planet's surface.
01:50:59In this place, Earth's magnetic field is especially weak.
01:51:03Nothing prevents cosmic rays from reaching as far as a mere 120 miles above the surface.
01:51:10The more solar radiation, the more high-energy particles gather over the South Atlantic Ocean.
01:51:16The problem is that this radiation hotspot sits so low that many satellites have to travel
01:51:21through it while following their orbits.
01:51:24There, they get bombarded by protons at a speed of 18,000 hits per square inch per second.
01:51:31No wonder it affects all the electronic systems on board the spacecraft.
01:51:35For example, the Hubble Telescope passes through the space Bermuda Triangle more than 10 times
01:51:40a day, and it can't collect information when it's in that region.
01:51:46If the equipment isn't put into safe mode, all spacecraft systems can fail.
01:51:51Plus, the more complicated electronics become, the more problems occur in the area of the
01:51:57South Atlantic Anomaly, and the more costly the damage is.
01:52:03The SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon spacecraft almost went out of control in October 2012.
01:52:10Attached to the International Space Station, it had serious problems while passing through
01:52:15the magnetic anomaly.
01:52:17Luckily, those issues were short-lived.
01:52:21In March 2016, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency lost contact with its satellite Hitomi.
01:52:29It was launched about a month before to study processes happening in the universe.
01:52:34Later, it was found out that the spacecraft had broken into pieces and crashed down to
01:52:39Earth.
01:52:41One of the motion sensors reported that the satellite was rotating, but in reality, it
01:52:47was stable.
01:52:48When the control system tried to prevent the unwanted and non-existent spin, the spacecraft
01:52:54fell to pieces.
01:52:57This accident cost almost $280 million and three years of preparation.
01:53:03But returning to the Earth's magnetic field, why is it weaker above the South Atlantic
01:53:07Ocean?
01:53:08Rather than being a perfect sphere, our planet bulges in the middle.
01:53:13If you measured Earth's diameter at the equator, it would be 27 miles wider than the pole-to-pole
01:53:19one.
01:53:20In the areas where there's a dip, charged particles from space can get closer to our
01:53:25planet's surface.
01:53:26The magnetic field is created when liquid metals flow in our planet's outer core.
01:53:31This generates electric currents and also gives Earth its south and north poles.
01:53:37But these poles aren't constant, because our planet's magnetic field is constantly shifting.
01:53:44Sometimes it's getting weaker, and at other times, it's growing stronger.
01:53:50Right now, the Earth's magnetic field is weakening.
01:53:53This process started more than 1,000 years ago.
01:53:57Scientists don't deny that one day, Earth's magnetic poles might flip.
01:54:02Then, the north pole will become the south, and vice versa.
01:54:06Such a phenomenon has been happening all the way throughout the history of our planet.
01:54:11The last time, it occurred around 780,000 years ago.
01:54:16Experts are still unsure if such a flip is going to happen this time.
01:54:20After all, it's not an instant change.
01:54:23This long process can even reverse all of a sudden.
01:54:27Something like that happened 40,000 years ago.
01:54:30At that time, Earth was really close to renaming its north magnetic pole to the south.
01:54:36But that brisk event turned out to be not a full reversal.
01:54:41While scientists were trying to figure out how long the South Atlantic Anomaly had been around,
01:54:47they made a curious geological discovery.
01:54:50It showed what our planet's magnetic field looked like several thousand years ago.
01:54:56The Bantu people were a tribe of ancient Africans who lived about 1,000 years ago
01:55:01in the region of the Limpopo River Valley.
01:55:04Nowadays, this area is inside the South Atlantic Anomaly.
01:55:09Bantu people had an odd ritual.
01:55:11During droughts, they burned their own clay huts.
01:55:15They hoped such a sacrifice would make it rain.
01:55:18But when clay burned at high temperatures,
01:55:21the magnetic minerals in it aligned with Earth's magnetic field.
01:55:25That's why when the substance cooled down,
01:55:27the minerals showed the planet's magnetic field pattern.
01:55:32It helped the scientists learn that the process of the weakening of the magnetosphere
01:55:37started long ago.
01:55:39The clay patterns even specified certain periods of time
01:55:43when the process was especially active.
01:55:46400 to 450 CE,
01:55:48700 to 750 CE,
01:55:51and 1225 to 1550 CE.
01:55:54Even better, the researchers likely found the answer
01:55:57to the mystery of the Space Bermuda Triangle.
01:56:00They noticed there was something unusual about the boundary
01:56:04lying between our planet's silicate mantle
01:56:07and its liquid iron-nickel outer core.
01:56:10This region is almost 1,800 miles beneath Earth's surface,
01:56:14and that's where a huge reservoir of super-dense rock sits.
01:56:19Some experts state that the thing might be tens of millions of years old
01:56:23and thousands of miles wide.
01:56:27It's not 100% clear how a rock,
01:56:30even if it's that big,
01:56:31can interfere with the magnetic field of the entire planet.
01:56:35It might be because it's located right between Earth's boiling outer core
01:56:40and the mantle,
01:56:41which is much stiffer and cooler.
01:56:44The enormous boulder might be disturbing the layer of iron,
01:56:48and it's the very thing that helps to form our planet's magnetic field.
01:56:53Whatever the reason is,
01:56:55exactly under Africa,
01:56:56the magnetic field is reversed,
01:56:59and that's what's likely to cause the anomaly
01:57:01that affects spacecraft.
01:57:04At first, the scientists thought their discovery
01:57:07meant the magnetic field was about to flip again.
01:57:10If it was true,
01:57:11our planet would go through several catastrophic events.
01:57:15The continents would start to lurch in different directions.
01:57:18It would trigger catastrophic earthquakes,
01:57:21lead to the disappearance of many species,
01:57:23and provoke climate changes.
01:57:28Luckily, there's no evidence that the consequences of the pole reversal
01:57:31would be that bad.
01:57:33Even better, it might not happen at all.
01:57:37After more research,
01:57:39it became clear that the Bermuda Triangle of space
01:57:42isn't a sign of an upcoming pole reversal.
01:57:45The events taking place under the continent
01:57:47are more likely to be part of a bigger-scale pattern.
01:57:52But the South Atlantic Anomaly is scary enough on its own.
01:57:56If this area keeps growing,
01:57:58it'll cause problems not only in space,
01:58:01but also on Earth.
01:58:02Computers and other electronic equipment will fail
01:58:06or stop working altogether.
01:58:08Right now, the radiation is less intense in the lower layers of the anomaly
01:58:13than in its upper part.
01:58:15But over the past 150 years,
01:58:17the magnetic field in the region
01:58:19has lost more than 15% of its strength.
01:58:23It doesn't mean Earth will be left unprotected
01:58:25from the Sun's radiation in the nearest future.
01:58:28Experts are sure this won't happen
01:58:30for at least another billion years.
01:58:33Plus, some kind of magnetic field
01:58:35always existed during the times of a magnetic pole's reversal,
01:58:39even though it was weaker and more complicated than the modern one.
01:58:46That's it for today.
01:58:46So hey, if you pacified your curiosity,
01:58:49then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
01:58:52Or if you want more, just click on these videos
01:58:54and stay on the Bright Side!

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