Para esta lista estaremos viendo aquellos momentos que mantuvieron a Latinoamérica en suspenso por días.
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00:00At last, after 17 distressing days, one of the rescuers' drills
00:06has evidence that, inexplicably, the miners were still alive.
00:12Hello and welcome to Spanish Watchmojo.
00:14I'm Fernando, and for this list, we'll be looking at those moments
00:18that kept Latin America in suspense for days.
00:23Fidel Castro's death.
00:26Because Senator Mazars said it ought to be true.
00:30I don't think that.
00:32The leader of the Cuban revolution took power in Cuba from 1959 to 2008
00:39during a period of almost 50 years.
00:42Under his mandate, Cuba was transformed into a socialist state,
00:47becoming a symbol of resistance against American imperialism,
00:53also in a country marked by political and social repression.
00:57At 10.29 p.m., the leader of the Cuban revolution, Fidel Castro Ruz, died.
01:10His death, on November 25, 2016, was a major event in Latin America,
01:17signifying the end of an era and leaving an extremely controversial legacy in the region,
01:22since the figure of Castro is considered, in its majority, dictatorial,
01:27taking over power and leaving his brother after his death.
01:32It will be our turn, but the ideas of the Cuban communists will remain.
01:42His death and its impact in the region remind us of that of other dictators,
01:46such as Hugo Chávez in Venezuela.
01:49The election of Pope Francis
02:02On March 13, 2013, the Argentine cardinal, Jorge Mario Bergoglio,
02:08was elected as Pope Francis,
02:10becoming the first Latin American and Jesuit pontiff in history.
02:16His election came after the controversial resignation of Benedict XVI,
02:21an unprecedented event in the modern history of the Catholic Church.
02:25First of all, I would like to make a prayer for our bishop, Benedict XVI.
02:35Francisco has been known for his focus on humility
02:39and the reform of a church more concerned about the poor and social justice.
02:44His leadership has generated both admiration and controversy,
02:48especially on issues such as abuse or diversity.
02:52I speak because there are some naive people who believe that it is the path of progress
02:58and do not distinguish what respect for sexual diversity or various sexual options is.
03:06The attack on the AMIA
03:08The AMIA attack was a terrorist attack perpetrated on July 18, 1994 in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
03:20against the headquarters of the Argentine Mutual Israelite Association, AMIA.
03:25This attack, considered one of the most devastating terrorist acts in the history of the country,
03:31caused the loss of 85 people and left more than 500 injured.
03:36The attack was carried out by a car bomb,
03:39and over the years the investigation has been plagued with irregularities,
03:44cover-ups and lack of convictions.
03:47That is why we have put all the mechanisms that we have in place for this purpose.
03:54It was a government that totally ignored us, never received us, nor called us, nor interested us.
04:01Despite the suspicion of the participation of Hezbollah and elements of the Iranian government,
04:07to date there have been no firm convictions against those responsible for the attack.
04:13The case remains an open wound in Argentina due to the impunity that has surrounded the investigation for three decades.
04:21The lack of significant progress in the cause has been strongly criticized,
04:26and the attack remains a symbol of the fight against terrorism.
04:31The vote of no in the plebiscite for peace in Colombia in 2016.
04:36And that whatever the result, all Colombians welcome it, accept it, and hopefully we can work together.
04:51On October 2, 2016, Colombia experienced a crucial moment in its history
04:56with the celebration of the plebiscite that sought the ratification of the peace agreement
05:01signed between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC.
05:07Against the expectations of many, the result was a narrow triumph of no,
05:13with 50.21% of the votes, which meant the popular rejection of the agreement as it was written.
05:32Leaving the international community, like much of Colombian society, surprised,
05:37the rejection of the agreement revealed deep divisions in Colombian society.
05:42Especially around issues such as transitional justice and the political participation of the ex-combatants of the FARC.
05:50The government of Juan Manuel Santos renegotiated the agreement,
05:54incorporating some of the demands of the opponents, and presented it again.
06:00This time for its approval in Congress, instead of making a new plebiscite.
06:05This means neither more nor less the end of the FARC as an armed group.
06:13The taking of the Japanese embassy in Lima.
06:16On December 17, 1996, members of the terrorist group Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA
06:26took the residence of the Japanese ambassador in Lima during a reception,
06:30taking 800 people as hostages.
06:33The insurgents demanded the release of 465 of their imprisoned colleagues,
06:39which led to a crisis that lasted for more than four months.
06:53During this period, Peru was the center of world attention,
06:57having journalists and international press camping outside the embassy or renting apartments in nearby buildings.
07:05Finally, on April 22, 1997, the Peruvian Armed Forces carried out Operation Chavin de Huantar,
07:14a military intervention that managed to free the hostages with a balance of 14 lifeless terrorists
07:20and the controversy over extrajudicial executions,
07:24as witnesses who were kidnapped at the embassy
07:28mentioned the fact that the militia had shot down MRTists who had already surrendered.
07:34Thanks to Operation Chavin de Huantar, 71 hostages were released after 126 days of freedom deprivation.
07:4217 dead were registered, including two commandos, a hostage and 14 terrorist members of the MRTA.
07:51The Armero tragedy
07:53He became the symbol of the Armero tragedy.
07:56He was only 13 years old and was starting his high school when an avalanche ended his life.
08:02On November 13, 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia erupted,
08:09causing a mud avalanche that devastated the city of Armero, located about 74 kilometers from the volcano.
08:17This tragedy, known as the Armero tragedy, left more than 23,000 people lifeless and destroyed much of the city.
08:25About 25,000 people died or disappeared.
08:28That is 94% of the inhabitants of Armero and 4,400 were injured.
08:34The catastrophe was one of the most devastating in the history of Colombia
08:38and was largely due to the lack of preparation and early warning
08:43despite the signs of volcanic activity in the previous days,
08:47as the government had received warnings from volcanological organizations
08:52since the appearance of the first signs of volcanic activity in September 1985.
08:59The event highlighted the vulnerability of communities in areas of volcanic risk
09:05and the need to improve warning and evacuation systems,
09:09even to the date when volcanic activity is still a threat to the towns.
09:16More than 40,000 people went to the Resurgir Reconstruction Fund to ask for help as damaged
09:22and the material losses, according to the UN, were more than 200 million dollars.
09:2722 municipalities of Caldas and Tolima were compromised.
09:30Figures of a tragedy that could have been avoided in the face of so many alerts.
09:35The 1968 Mexico Olympic Games and Tlatelolco
09:55The 1968 Olympic Games, held in Mexico City,
10:00marked a historical milestone as they were the first to be held in Latin America.
10:05These games, known for the world record in long jump by Bob Beamon
10:11and for the protest of African-American athletes Tommy Smith and John Carlos on the podium,
10:17were held in the midst of a global and local context of social unrest.
10:22I did not realize from there, the fact is that it fell here.
10:27Ten days before the inauguration, on October 2, 1968,
10:32the tragic massacre of Tlatelolco occurred,
10:35where the Mexican government violently repressed a student demonstration in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas.
10:43The exact number of victims is unknown, but it is known that it was an act of repression
10:48that left a deep scar.
10:51Despite this tragedy, the games continued,
10:54which evidenced the discrepancy between the image that the Mexican government wanted to project
11:00and the reality of the internal oppression and the huge social conflict of the country.
11:06The earthquakes
11:08Latin America has been the scene of several devastating earthquakes.
11:23One of the most tragic was the Mexico earthquake in 1985
11:28with a magnitude of 8.1 that devastated the city and caused thousands of losses.
11:34Another significant seismic event was the Lima earthquake in 1746
11:40which practically destroyed the capital.
11:43By then, the editor had only traveled around the center of Lima to record the damage.
11:49In Chile, the 2010 earthquake with a magnitude of 8.8
11:54affected a large part of the country and generated a tsunami that was felt throughout the Pacific.
12:00This misfortune occurred in the context of the arrival of humanitarian aid to Haiti
12:06who had suffered from a mega-earthquake only a month earlier.
12:11The Atacama Collapse
12:13Suddenly, the earth above its heads moves
12:17and a rock the size of a 45-story building comes off.
12:22On August 5, 2010, 33 miners were trapped 700 meters underground
12:28in the San José mine in the Atacama desert, Chile.
12:32For 69 days, the world watched with expectation the efforts of the rescue.
12:38Finally, on October 13, all the miners were rescued safe and sound
12:44in an operation that captured world attention and was considered a miracle.
12:49A pharaonic rescue that aroused the pride of the country.
12:52And to bring them back, with NASA's advice,
12:56a 51-centimeter-wide iron capsule was built, called Phoenix II.
13:02This event not only highlighted human resistance and international cooperation,
13:08but also highlighted the difficult labor conditions in the mining industry.
13:14The mine was known as El Matadero San José
13:17and had been closed at least twice after the death of workers in 2004 and 2007.
13:24After eight years of legal proceedings, the company in charge was exonerated.
13:29We have not yet reached the end, but almost.
13:32Just make sure to subscribe to our channel and activate the bell
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13:39Very well, let's go to the end.
13:44The tragedy of the Andes.
13:46And the days begin to pass and no one came to pick us up.
13:50The tragedy of Flight 571 of the Uruguayan Air Force,
13:54which occurred on October 13, 1972,
13:58is one of the most shocking events in the history of aviation.
14:02This plane, which carried a team of Uruguayan rugby,
14:06his friends and family, crashed in the Andes
14:10while flying from Montevideo to Santiago de Chile.
14:13Of the 45 people on board, 29 lost their lives due to the impact,
14:18the injuries, the extreme cold and a subsequent avalanche.
14:23The 16 survivors faced extreme conditions for 72 days before being rescued,
14:30resorting to anthropophagy to survive.
14:33It was the longest night of my life.
14:35People were screaming, help, help.
14:38It was crazy.
14:40We were the only ones who had to handle an unmanageable situation.
14:44It was not a tragedy or a miracle,
14:46but we had a common goal, which was to survive.
14:49The rescue was possible thanks to two of the survivors,
14:52Nando Parrado and Roberto Canessa,
14:55who, after a hard walk of 10 days,
14:59found a Chilean herder named Sergio Catalán.
15:03His story of survival has become a testimony of human resistance
15:08and has been told in books, movies and documentaries.
15:12Although it was impossible, 16 young people survived the accident,
15:17the avalanche, the cold and the hunger.
15:20But how, or rather, why?
15:23The tragedy and the subsequent miracle
15:26left an indelible mark on the collective memory,
15:29underlining the value of the human spirit in extreme circumstances.
15:35And you, do you agree with our choices?
15:38What other moment that stopped Latin America, did we forget to include?
15:42Tell us in the comments and don't forget to watch these other original videos of Watch Mojo Español.