Soñar el futuro: El trabajo
Este documental de una serie de Odisea analiza la evolución de la economía y los avances tecnológicos para intentar averiguar cómo será el trabajo del futuro en 2050.
Según el documental, gracias a las nuevas tecnologías y la automatización, no sólo se crearán nuevos trabajos sino también cambiará radicalmente nuestras formas de trabajar.
El trabajo cambiará en muy poco tiempo para pasar a tener características nuevas y distintas. Según el documental, nos espera un trabajo en gran parte mucho más autónomo y libre, con mayor flexibilidad y sin seguir horarios rígidos, desubicado de los grandes centros de trabajo, con nuevos espacios y herramientas de trabajo,…
Según el documental, gracias a las nuevas tecnologías y la automatización, no sólo se crearán nuevos trabajos sino también cambiará radicalmente nuestras formas de trabajar.
El trabajo cambiará en muy poco tiempo para pasar a tener características nuevas y distintas. Según el documental, nos espera un trabajo en gran parte mucho más autónomo y libre, con mayor flexibilidad y sin seguir horarios rígidos, desubicado de los grandes centros de trabajo, con nuevos espacios y herramientas de trabajo,…
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00:00At any time of the day and night, from the top of the skyscrapers to the heart of the field,
00:13underground and even in space, humanity is busy.
00:17Work is the pillar of our life.
00:22Work gives meaning to our life, awakens our creativity, it is what defines us.
00:31But what about tomorrow?
00:35In a world transformed by new technologies, a digital, ultra-connected world,
00:41how will we understand work?
00:46When, soon, for the first time, the active population is formed by five generations,
00:51how, where and with whom will we work?
00:54We are in the first stages of a fundamental change in what it means to have a job.
01:04What kind of job will exist?
01:06That is an important part of the debate.
01:09We do not know what the jobs of the future will be.
01:15In 2050, whatever the jobs we invent, we will be almost 7 billion people in the labor market.
01:23Will our jobs follow the lines drawn by science fiction?
01:37What if, in this society that changes rapidly, the future turns out to be very different?
01:42The good news is that the work that will be created will surpass with growth what will be lost.
01:48Will the dematerialization of communication allow us to work without having to move?
01:53In short, if you can imagine it, it is because it is close.
01:59In every corner of the planet there are dreamers imagining the work of the future.
02:04More dematerialized, more flexible, more robotized and more creative.
02:10It is an attempt to at least investigate ways to move around the office without being there.
02:18Augmented reality is the future of computer science.
02:23It is a technology that gives a magical touch to the workplace.
02:30In this phase of human evolution, we must offer non-presential alternatives to generate a change in behavior.
02:40We have to end the topic that robots are dangerous.
02:44Robots can bring us many benefits, so they must have a place among our future co-workers.
02:52All these dreamers follow in the footsteps of those who, before them, looked for a better way to work.
02:59The main objective of our distant ancestors was to meet their basic needs.
03:04Food, shelter and protection.
03:06They did not take long to put their ingenuity to work to make the task easier.
03:10And they invented the first tools more than two million years ago and have not stopped improving them.
03:17About 12,000 years ago, a great revolution took place.
03:21The populations became sedentary and began to work the land.
03:25We began to produce ourselves what we needed.
03:28That meant storing, conserving and processing that wealth.
03:33We distributed the tasks, the trades appeared.
03:36Goods and services were traded.
03:38An alternative to the truce was made necessary.
03:41So, in the 7th century BC, we invented money.
03:48But in ancient Greece and Rome, work was reserved for slaves.
03:52The elites of society could afford nobler occupations.
03:56Throughout the Middle Ages, it was the people who took charge of the productive tasks.
04:02In the Renaissance, another vision emerged, like that of the great artists.
04:06Work can also be a work, a form of personal fulfillment.
04:10From the 16th century, work acquired value in our societies.
04:15A phenomenon that great thinkers tried to explain.
04:19In the mid-18th century, for Adam Smith, father of capitalism, it was a key piece of the economy.
04:25In 1769, James Watt's steam engine announced the industrial revolution and the mechanization of work.
04:32The technological advances completely changed the production scale.
04:36The key to mass production was a combination of workers and machines.
04:41Having a job allowed you to earn a living and acquire a social status.
04:45Until it became the very essence of man and the pillar of society,
04:49at the beginning of the 20th century.
04:52At the beginning of the 20th century, the slogan was productivity,
04:55as in the factories of Mr. Ford in the United States.
04:58It is the era of the wage system, a system of income distribution
05:02that guaranteed the rights and protections of the workers.
05:05It was a chain work, but paid holidays and reduced working hours
05:10favored a better balance between life and work.
05:13At the end of the 20th century, it was the era of capitalism,
05:19At the end of the 20th century, the arrival of the digital age
05:24with its computer tools, Internet and social networks
05:27radically changed the way we work.
05:31I think that the true keys of the future will be autonomy and flexibility.
05:36We will have more freedom to decide when and where we will work
05:40and we will be more flexible when it comes to deciding the work we are going to do.
05:48This flexibility and autonomy will give us wings.
05:51In 2050, we will work anywhere, in the strangest and most unusual places,
05:57on the top of a mountain, on the shore of a river, in the forest or on the beach.
06:05According to a study by the University of Stanford,
06:08natural environments increase our ability to work.
06:13According to a study by the University of Stanford,
06:16natural environments increase our productivity by 30%.
06:23In the future, the word work will be synonymous with life.
06:26Life, work, work, life.
06:28I think they will come together.
06:30That is why we are now talking about the integration of work into a private life
06:33and not about balance.
06:35So I have no doubt that we are going in that direction.
06:39Meanwhile, in the Netherlands,
06:41with its fleet of small connected caravans and made with recycled materials,
06:46Frank Gorter has already set out for the future,
06:49a path that promises unknown lands,
06:51where the borders between professional and private life could disappear.
06:59We have all become nomads.
07:01We can work wherever we want,
07:03so it is in our hands to do it outdoors.
07:06To turn this into our working environment.
07:30We can think of the future in two ways.
07:34One is to consider technology as the solution to all our problems.
07:44The other is inspired by a fairly old idea,
07:47according to which nature provides us with everything we need.
08:03We started the project Cantor Caravan a year and a half ago.
08:06At that time we thought it would be a good idea
08:09to turn the caravans into offices.
08:12The idea was to take advantage of the mobility
08:15to go to the most remote and most beautiful environments,
08:19and combine work with the silence and tranquility of nature.
08:23And then we thought it would be a good idea
08:26to turn the caravans into offices.
08:29And then we thought it would be a good idea
08:32to combine work with the silence and tranquility of nature,
08:36and with values that are usually absent in our working day.
08:49Working in the middle of nature is a source of inspiration.
08:53You can work next to the water, in your shorts.
08:57After all, why not?
08:59Why do we have to separate work and relaxation?
09:02They are not incompatible.
09:04We can relax and work at the same time.
09:14The Cantor Caravan was born from the idea
09:17that professional relationships change
09:20when we find ourselves in a different environment.
09:25Hello!
09:29We are working at the beach this week.
09:32Would you like to come with us?
09:34It's not as boring as in the office.
09:38You can have a conversation here or in your office,
09:42but I'm sure it will be different.
09:45In the same way that you talk more relaxed
09:49when you wear your normal clothes every day,
09:53because you have chosen it and you feel comfortable with it.
09:58We got it! Thanks!
10:01In a way, the Cantor Caravan is freedom.
10:04It is the idea of being able to express yourself
10:07and be yourself as if you were not at work.
10:14And if we become digital nomads,
10:17it is because we can collaborate and work remotely
10:20thanks to technological tools.
10:23We are no longer tied to a specific place or schedule.
10:27The digital age will bring a progressive general dematerialization.
10:33I don't think we'll see workers working on a fixed schedule,
10:37at least not every day.
10:39They will be able to work in various places,
10:42in the office, at home, on a trip.
10:44The fundamental idea is flexibility.
10:47You can take your work wherever you go,
10:50whether it's in your pocket, in your phone or in your glasses.
10:55It doesn't matter where you are.
10:58We can sit down and get to work.
11:05A possible flexibility thanks to a new type of tool
11:09that eclipses Skype, FaceTime
11:11and other annoying video conferencing applications.
11:14With these technologies, we can be anywhere,
11:17at any time and in an almost realistic way
11:20as if we were really there,
11:22in the form of curious robots, virtual reality avatars or holograms.
11:27But the other side of the coin
11:29is that if we can be anywhere,
11:31so can our boss, like Marty McFly,
11:34who has no doubt about breaking into his office.
11:44I was monitoring that scan you just interfaced.
11:47You are terminated!
11:48Terminated? No! No!
11:50It wasn't my fault, sir! It was Needles!
11:52Needles was behind the whole thing!
11:53And you cooperated!
11:54No, I didn't! It was a sting operation!
11:56And you do not die!
11:58Read my facts!
11:59No! Please, no! I cannot be fired!
12:02I'm fired!
12:10At Queen's University in Canada,
12:12Roel Vertegal offers us a completely different version of the future.
12:16In a world where professional relationships have evolved,
12:20he has invented tele-human.
12:22In his Human Media laboratory,
12:24they work to make an old dream come true,
12:27to allow us to be in the office without having to go into reality.
12:31I can foresee a future
12:33in which we will no longer have to go to work,
12:36just tele-present there.
12:39But that will only be effective
12:41if the tele-present system is 100% accurate.
13:11Hey, Lee.
13:12Hey, Roel.
13:13Where are you right now?
13:14In Sri Lanka.
13:16If I hear someone walking past my office,
13:19maybe I decide I want to go and have a chat with that person.
13:24And these kinds of informal encounters,
13:26that you don't have to plan,
13:28I don't have to call,
13:29I don't have to send an e-mail,
13:30I don't have to know if they're there,
13:32are lost.
13:34So you're going to talk to someone else?
13:36Yeah, yeah.
13:37All right.
13:38Okay, I'll see you later.
13:41A robot has also many implications.
13:44It has to get through the doors,
13:46it can bump into you,
13:47it's much more lightweight,
13:48can get more places,
13:50and allows you to essentially
13:52show a person roaming in real life.
13:56So it's one attempt
13:57to at least interpret a way
13:58to have the office without having to go home,
14:02without having to resort to a lot of heavy machines.
14:11Well, I started life as a musician,
14:13and I realized that it was more difficult
14:15to convey feelings with a computer
14:17than with a musical instrument.
14:21What I mean is that,
14:23just as it happens with a caress,
14:25the subtlety with which you can play the violin
14:29is completely lost in the computer world.
14:34Visual contact no longer has an emotional impact.
14:37It just has this emotional effect
14:39and plays a very important role
14:41in organizing and managing business meetings.
14:46So when you're working at a distance,
14:48and you want to have an effective business meeting,
14:50and negotiate a contract,
14:52two very subtle tasks that require a certain left hand,
14:55it's really not going to be enough
14:57just to show the image of your face,
15:01but the actual image of your entire persona.
15:07The Telehumano is the first system
15:10of pseudo holographic videoconferences.
15:14The principle is simple.
15:16We record you in 3D at 360 degrees.
15:20Then the image is projected
15:22to a natural size on a screen
15:24facing the audience.
15:26The image is then projected
15:28to a large screen
15:30and then projected
15:32to a small screen
15:34and then the image is projected
15:36to a natural size on a cylindrical screen.
15:39We actually have a virtual camera
15:41connected to your viewpoint.
15:44And then as you walk around,
15:46the camera position changes
15:48and it shows a different side.
15:52Can you hear me?
15:53Yes.
15:54Okay, great.
15:55I've been very lucky to work on this project.
15:59So, you know, I feel like a kid
16:01in a toy store.
16:04The simple fact of having this idea
16:07is a lot of satisfaction for us.
16:11And then we don't talk about what I felt
16:13when I saw the first prototype in action.
16:16It was actually just like I had imagined
16:18or things that didn't even cross my mind.
16:21It's incredible.
16:22I feel very privileged.
16:30In any case,
16:31wherever we are,
16:32we have to rethink our work spaces.
16:35Today, 93% of young people
16:37don't want a conventional office.
16:40They are determined
16:41not to make the future look like this at all.
17:01I'm looking for a Station 15, Sector 8.
17:31It will be achieved
17:32by offering them more opportunities
17:34to feel fulfilled and comfortable.
17:36I don't think future companies
17:38need to create what I call
17:40the Pinocchio Islands.
17:42It's not just about free food and drink
17:44and unlimited advantages.
17:46There's no need to go that far.
17:50When the technology companies
17:52think about the future office,
17:54they imagine workers playing ping-pong,
17:56sleeping on hammocks,
17:58and going down a slide
18:00from one floor to another.
18:02The truth is that,
18:03because of how striking these proposals seem to us,
18:06they are still superficial.
18:10But if in the future we want to be comfortable at work,
18:13we would have to listen to our body first.
18:16All over the world,
18:17there are already architects and designers
18:19thinking about our future jobs
18:21and inviting us to rethink our position.
18:27Standing, lying down,
18:29and half-levitating.
18:31Or why not on wheels,
18:32like those of the hamsters?
18:34As long as you don't go back to the chair and the table.
18:40In Amsterdam,
18:41two brothers have created
18:42an experimental work space
18:44halfway between a contemporary work of art
18:47and a scientific laboratory.
18:49An experiment called
18:51The End of Sitting.
18:54For us,
18:55The End of Sitting
18:56is a model of thought,
18:58a vision of the future
18:59that allows people to experience the future.
19:06We wanted to create an artistic installation
19:09that recreated the office of the future.
19:13And in this vision,
19:14the chair and the desk no longer exist.
19:24The End of Sitting
19:37The End of Sitting
19:39is a long-term project.
19:41We have to change the culture
19:43and everyday habits.
19:45It will take some time
19:46because people are used to the chair and the desk
19:49and it is difficult to get used
19:51to another work environment.
19:53If we spend eight hours a day
19:55sitting behind a desk,
19:57we go to work by car or public transport
20:00and when we go home,
20:01we sit on the sofa to watch TV,
20:04it means that we have been sitting for 12 hours.
20:07That is very harmful to health.
20:11At this point in human evolution,
20:13it is essential to offer a work space
20:16where we are not sitting
20:19to encourage people to change their behavior
20:21and not spend all day in the same position.
20:24We have a tendency to be sitting,
20:27so we have to create a world without chairs.
20:37Three years ago,
20:38we were asked to think about the office of the future
20:42and we wanted to show
20:43what a work place would be
20:45without the standard architecture we know,
20:48that is, without chairs and desks.
20:53We have focused on the human body
20:56and we have conceived a new kind of professional environment
21:00in which the important thing is the individual
21:03and not the building.
21:10For us, comfort and well-being are priority.
21:14That is why we have invited researchers periodically
21:17to study that aspect.
21:20The first conclusion was that people
21:23found this environment favorable for well-being,
21:27it improved their mood,
21:29it separated them from the crossed paths,
21:32from conventional work methods.
21:35By breaking the traditional hierarchy,
21:38it awakens the desire to experiment
21:42without taking it so seriously.
21:45It makes them bolder.
21:48I think one of the reasons
21:51why this space puts them in a better mood
21:54is that it reminds them of their childhood.
21:59When they were more active,
22:02they were jumping from one place to another.
22:15Without a doubt,
22:17you will not spend all day in the same position,
22:21but you will move continuously.
22:24Technology will provide solutions,
22:27but the focus will be on the human body
22:31and on the way of sharing the work space
22:34with our colleagues.
22:36The office will no longer be a simple piece of furniture,
22:39it will be a new universe
22:41of which we will be an integral part.
22:46It may be that in 2050
22:48we will have got rid of the chair and the desk,
22:51but we also want to have our hands free
22:54while we work.
22:56No more laptops, tablets, smartphones
22:59or any other device.
23:01The tyranny of the screen
23:03that chained us to our office all day is over.
23:07With augmented reality,
23:09we will be able to work
23:13With augmented reality,
23:15the computer is everywhere,
23:17but it is as transparent as the air
23:20and we can handle it with gestures.
23:24Augmented reality and virtual reality
23:27will undoubtedly be part of our office.
23:30It will be enough to put on glasses
23:33to attend a meeting,
23:35or it may even be enough
23:38to put on implants or contact lenses.
23:41Technology will completely revolutionize
23:44the work space.
23:46In short,
23:48if you can imagine it,
23:50it's because it's coming.
23:53In the bay of San Francisco,
23:55Alberto Torres is preparing this revolution
23:58that will radically change our work life
24:01as it was done by IT or the Internet at the time.
24:05I think with augmented reality,
24:08it will completely change
24:10the way we work.
24:12This technology will give a magical touch
24:15to the work space.
24:36The left and the right together in the middle.
24:39I have personally heard of augmented reality
24:42for many years, from movies
24:44and articles of research and so forth.
24:47But I have been working
24:49on the manufacturing of mobile devices
24:52when I realized
24:54that there was a problem
24:56with mobile devices
24:58because they are too small
25:00when you are using them
25:02and those too big
25:04when you are not.
25:06So I thought that the ideal
25:08would be to create an improved
25:10and immersive experience
25:12with a very small device
25:14and that the glasses
25:16could be a good medium
25:18to achieve that.
25:28I think augmented reality
25:30is the next step
25:32for several things.
25:34First of all,
25:36it allows to generate
25:38very very sharp images
25:40in 3D and multiple screens
25:42and all of those, of course,
25:44in the space that surrounds us.
25:46Secondly, you are able
25:48to interact with the content
25:50very intuitively
25:52with gestures,
25:54with the voice
25:56or with the look.
25:58It is completely interactive
26:00so that the computer
26:02knows where you are.
26:04The system is where you are,
26:06it sees what you see
26:08and it is built around you.
26:10It is the new generation
26:12of portable computing.
26:20Augmented reality
26:22can make us all more productive
26:24because whatever your job is,
26:26it allows you to receive information
26:28without having to have
26:30your hands free
26:32to do another task.
26:34That can make us gain a lot of time.
26:36Another important advantage
26:38is that you can trust
26:40certain tasks
26:42to a less qualified worker
26:44and there is no need
26:46to move to a particular location
26:48and that is because
26:50we can see what is going on
26:52there in real time
26:54and give detailed instructions
26:56to the people there.
26:58All this will save
27:00a lot of money
27:02for many companies.
27:08Imagine, for example,
27:10a surgeon
27:12who uses augmented reality
27:14to get information
27:16or help from his colleagues
27:18in order to save
27:20a patient's life.
27:22Thanks to this technology
27:24we will be able
27:26to do complex tasks
27:28that would not have been
27:30possible otherwise.
27:32I hope it will also
27:34enhance collaboration
27:36and teamwork.
27:38All this opens the door
27:40to an exciting future
27:42for the labor world.
27:44In 2050,
27:46digital technologies
27:48will be omnipresent.
27:50We will constantly generate
27:52more and more information
27:54about everything we do and say.
27:56Big data will also have
27:58an impact on our work relationships.
28:00Selecting and analyzing
28:02this unprecedented mass of information
28:04is a crucial challenge
28:06for companies and their human resources departments.
28:08It can help them assess
28:10our performance
28:12and determine the potential
28:14of each of us.
28:16But is Big Data
28:18just a step away from the Big Brother?
28:20Or is it a super-advanced
28:22version of Siri or Amazon Echo
28:24inside your company?
28:26A program that knows
28:28every employee
28:30and everything you need to know
28:32about each of them
28:34thanks to the processing
28:36of the information
28:38and the connected accessories.
28:40Imagine that you could have
28:42vast amounts of information
28:44about each of your employees.
28:46Would that information
28:48be lost?
28:50In Boston's MIT,
28:52Sandy Pentland is developing
28:54tools to analyze
28:56this flow of information.
28:58But her dream is to give
29:00each of them control
29:02over their own information
29:04and put Big Data
29:06at the service of the best
29:08and not the worst.
29:10The interesting thing
29:12about Big Data
29:14is that it allows us
29:16to make decisions
29:18based on the data
29:20and not on the data
29:22itself.
29:36The approach we have
29:38is a very French approach.
29:40It's inspired
29:42by the term
29:44de Quetelet.
29:46The idea is to use
29:48statistical methods
29:50to better understand
29:52human behavior.
29:54For example,
29:56we have made
29:58identification plates
30:00equipped with a small
30:02electronic system.
30:04The employees wear
30:06their plates like
30:08in any company
30:10today.
30:12But they keep track
30:14of when do people
30:16talk to each other
30:18and with whom.
30:20And then what we do
30:22is show the teams
30:24not the information
30:26but the visualization
30:28of the information.
30:30You know, these groups
30:32interact more
30:34and these interact less.
30:36It's a simple visualization
30:38that helps the company
30:40to better understand
30:42its social environment.
30:48We immediately realized
30:50that people would leave
30:52all kinds of information
30:54and that this was a problem.
30:56That social information
30:58about the interactions
31:00between individuals
31:02is a little bit like
31:04the Promethean myth.
31:06It could be very good.
31:08It could make us socially
31:10more intelligent
31:12and happier.
31:14But in bad hands
31:16it could become a kind
31:18of big brother
31:20where everyone spies on you.
31:22And it really depends
31:24on who controls the information.
31:26So, I dream of a future
31:28that I run in which
31:30each one controls
31:32the information about himself.
31:34But the additional information
31:36is something
31:38that the companies
31:40have the right to use.
31:42But nobody would be able
31:44to see when you go to the bathroom
31:46and you talk a lot
31:48with the new secretary.
31:52What we've learned
31:54about people at work
31:56is based on what I call
31:58exploratory behavior.
32:00For example,
32:02when a worker
32:04begins to break out
32:06of their routine
32:08or some sort of stress.
32:10But more importantly
32:12what it tells us is
32:14that the success
32:16is not about having
32:18the smartest person
32:20or the best strategy.
32:22It's really about
32:24the flow of ideas
32:26among people.
32:28What we've learned
32:30is by giving this
32:32you can also
32:34avoid a lot of
32:36serious mistakes.
32:48So, when I think
32:50about the job for the future
32:52I imagine an environment
32:54that encourages the workers
32:56to find new ideas
32:58and bring them in
33:00so that the professional
33:02is less present
33:04and the description
33:06of the job
33:08is much more flexible
33:10than it is today.
33:12And of course
33:14that implies
33:16a lot of social changes.
33:18And if of all these changes
33:20the biggest was
33:22our relationship with work.
33:24The culture of co-working
33:26and startups
33:28is gaining ground.
33:30We are more and more
33:32the ones who start
33:34our own projects
33:36with collaborators
33:38that we choose
33:40and in an environment
33:42created by us.
33:44Thanks to digital platforms
33:46and common fund systems
33:48we get together
33:50to create projects
33:52and create our own jobs
33:54and generate our own income.
33:56But actually
33:58when we look to the future
34:00many more people
34:02are going to be created
34:04by people themselves.
34:06Freelance workers
34:08don't have the stability
34:10or the social protection
34:12or the benefits
34:14that the employees have.
34:16That doesn't mean
34:18that we reject
34:20a new social contract
34:22around this new model
34:24of work.
34:28These new spaces
34:30create networks
34:32from India or China
34:34or from the suburbs
34:36of African capitals
34:38or western universities.
34:40They put together
34:42knowledge and technological means.
34:44I'm convinced
34:46that the future worker
34:48will be more independent,
34:50more creative and free.
34:52I'm convinced
34:54that the future worker
34:56will be more independent,
34:58more creative and free.
35:00The job has abandoned
35:02our life.
35:04So it's not a problem
35:06or a curse.
35:08The job is where
35:10we create the world
35:12every day.
35:14In the outskirts of Paris
35:16in one of these new spaces
35:18Philippe Cizer dreams
35:20of creating new things
35:22and learning new techniques.
35:24It's a new way
35:26to forge bonds
35:28and to live together
35:30what he practices every day.
35:32He has chosen the outskirts
35:34of an old industrial construction
35:36to make his dream come true.
35:38Fab Labs is the fifth essence
35:40of what is happening
35:42in society
35:44with the collaborative economy.
35:46We have a lot of technology
35:48and it's people's wealth
35:50more than the variety of machines
35:52that make up Fab Labs.
36:12I think the movement
36:14of makers and Fab Labs
36:16is related to the fact
36:18that we have lost
36:20our industrial production capacities.
36:22We have lost the factories.
36:24We have lost the work culture.
36:26We have lost the workers.
36:28We can already see
36:30the risks of this robotization
36:32that could end up
36:34turning us into objects
36:36instead of subjects.
36:38I think we are all applying
36:40a bit of technotherapy
36:42thinking that our products
36:44cannot be repaired.
36:46Coming here is a way
36:48to recover the means of production.
36:50I myself have made
36:52a 3D printer
36:54something I had never done before
36:56and I think it is
36:58effectively
37:00the alpha and omega
37:02of this movement.
37:04Before you buy a machine
37:06try to make it yourself.
37:14What motivated us
37:16was above all
37:18to have a source of creativity
37:20and ideas
37:22that we did not have
37:24in the classic production process.
37:26In terms of production
37:28there are a lot of people
37:30with ideas
37:32people who are not
37:34working in large companies
37:36but who can be very useful
37:38to society
37:40with capital S.
37:42Here we are trying
37:44to build a model
37:46that is not necessarily
37:48monetized.
37:50That is, it is not about
37:52remunerating the people
37:54who come,
37:56it is about their contribution.
37:58This means that it is necessary
38:00to change the entire
38:02design chain of things
38:04with an open system
38:06and the same in the case
38:08of the available machinery
38:103D. But there is also
38:12the digital milling machine,
38:14the laser cutter, etc.
38:16We effectively offer
38:18modern means of production
38:20to people who are neither workers
38:22nor salaried. That is the central focus
38:24of our project.
38:32I think that in 2050
38:34there will be many places like this
38:36in many cities,
38:38in which to relate,
38:40create common funds
38:42and share production.
38:44I grew up in a town
38:46and I am surprised to see
38:48that the contributory
38:50and collaborative economy
38:52reinvents the model of the countryside.
38:54In my town there is no longer
38:56the exchange that there was
38:5840 years ago and I think
39:00that within 40 years
39:02in the cities there will be
39:04exchanges as there were
39:0640 years from now
39:08we will forge links
39:10with a new type of employee,
39:12the robots. In this world
39:14in constant change, what role
39:16will they have on our side?
39:18Machines and computer systems
39:20that do not stop evolving
39:22will be able to carry out
39:24more and more tasks.
39:26They will be everywhere,
39:28factories, warehouses,
39:30shops and even hospitals.
39:32When we classify jobs
39:34jobs are being destroyed
39:36and the reason for that
39:38is that artificial intelligence
39:40can already perform
39:42any routine task.
39:44If you are able to write
39:46on a piece of paper
39:48what you do in your job
39:50step by step and give it to someone
39:52to do it in your place,
39:54then it is very likely that
39:56soon your job will be automated.
39:58The old routine
40:00will disappear.
40:02Will we then have to worry
40:04about these new employees
40:06with an amazing resistance
40:08and capacity taking our jobs away?
40:10Will the guards,
40:12the transport workers
40:14and the gardeners disappear
40:16not to mention the bank employees,
40:18the translators, the taxi drivers
40:20and even the waiters?
40:24That now technology
40:26is able to do the work
40:28of human beings just as well
40:30does not mean that it will
40:32replace them immediately.
40:34A process of social,
40:36cultural and political adaptation
40:38will be needed.
40:40People are starting to think
40:42that we need to work with robots,
40:44with computer science
40:46and with automation,
40:48not against them.
40:50It is not us against them,
40:52it is us with them.
40:54Rodolf Gila has a dream,
40:56to invent a robot
40:58that is our most loyal colleague
41:00instead of our toughest competition.
41:02One that is on our side
41:04to facilitate our work
41:06and even make our work life
41:08more pleasant.
41:10Are robots the best collaborators?
41:12We who make robots
41:14to help people and we like them a lot,
41:16we are convinced that yes.
41:28What is the future of robots?
41:42In general, we will use
41:44robots in our work
41:46to help us do it better
41:48and so that we only have
41:50to do what requires
41:52the added human value.
41:54For example, the robot will do
41:56the repetitive work
41:58and the human will contribute
42:00his experience and his trade
42:02in the tasks in which
42:04his judgment and his good eye
42:06are essential,
42:08something that is difficult
42:10to explain to a robot.
42:12What is your name?
42:14My name is Paper.
42:16How old are you?
42:18I am one year old.
42:20I am still very young.
42:22Who made you?
42:24My encounter with robots
42:26came through computer
42:28with programmable calculators
42:30when computers did not yet exist.
42:32I was fascinated by the intelligence
42:34that could be encoded in a machine.
42:36It seemed to me a shame
42:38that it was limited to devices
42:40with small screens
42:42and at a time when there was no graphic interface.
42:44So I wanted to make
42:46this machine move
42:48and show that computer intelligence
42:50can also move objects
42:52and influence the environment.
42:58How can I help you?
43:00Fluid communication
43:02with the robot
43:04is the biggest challenge.
43:06It is essential
43:08that this dialogue,
43:10mainly oral but also physical,
43:12is perfectly fluid
43:14and fully functional.
43:18It is essential
43:20that our robots learn by themselves
43:22with deep learning techniques
43:24so that the robot,
43:26throughout its life,
43:28working with a human being,
43:30adapts and improves.
43:32And also that we can teach it new tasks.
43:34We cannot ask a person
43:36to program a robot
43:38with a sophisticated programming language.
43:40It is essential
43:42that when a task is taught to the robot,
43:44it sees it, understands it and repeats it.
43:46The ideal we aspire to,
43:48what we want to achieve,
43:50is a robot perfectly integrated
43:52in our physical environment
43:54but also in our mental environment.
43:56That is,
43:58a robot that pays a lot of attention to us,
44:00that knows our habits
44:02and, in this way,
44:04is able to meet our needs
44:06and say,
44:08you usually feel like having coffee at this time,
44:10do you want me to go get you one?
44:12It may also be that the robot
44:14gives me something to print
44:16and I want to go get it.
44:18Suddenly, they stop being objects
44:20that we have around us
44:22and become objects that offer us
44:24their services in a natural way.
44:26We have to end
44:28the topic
44:30that robots are dangerous.
44:32Robots can bring us
44:34many benefits,
44:36so they must have a place
44:38among our future colleagues.
44:46If we master all the tools
44:48that we will have within our reach
44:50and, above all,
44:52we do not lose that mastery
44:54over them in the future,
44:56we will be able to decide
44:58the place and the importance
45:00that work will have in our life.
45:02All studies on the subject
45:04show that a good job,
45:06a job that allows us to perform tasks
45:08that we consider useful and interesting,
45:10is a source of happiness
45:12and satisfaction.
45:14That is where we should
45:16put all our efforts in the future.
45:23I believe that future workers
45:25will have more choices
45:28and it will be thanks to our factors
45:30that we will have to take into account
45:32mobility, globalization, technology,
45:34the generation known as millennials
45:36and demographic changes,
45:38as well as new behaviors.
45:40All of this will create
45:42the ideal conditions
45:44to put power in the hands of the worker.
45:48Let us hope that in 2050
45:50we will be able to take advantage
45:52of this new opportunity.
46:12Thank you for watching!