Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) mewanti-wanti ancaman 85 juta lapangan kerja hilang pada 2025 alias tahun pertama pemerintahan presiden terpilih Prabowo Subianto. Menurutnya, potensi hilang puluhan juta lapangan pekerjaan tersebut karena kini muncul automasi di berbagai sektor terutama karena kemunculan artificial intelligence alias kecerdasan buatan.
"Setiap hari muncul hal yang baru dan kalau kita baca, tahun 2025 pekerjaan yang akan hilang itu ada 85 juta. Jumlah yang tidak sedikit," ujar Jokowi. Oleh sebab itu, dia mendorong para pakar ekonomi memfokuskan diri ke sektor pasar kerja.
Dia meminta setiap pihak mendesain arah kebijakan agar tenaga kerja yang semakin meningkat bisa terserap. Apalagi, kepada negara dan pemerintahan itu mengingatkan bahwa pada 2030-an Indonesia memiliki bonus demografi. Pemerintah, sambungnya, harus bisa memanfaatkan bonus demografi tersebut.
"Setiap hari muncul hal yang baru dan kalau kita baca, tahun 2025 pekerjaan yang akan hilang itu ada 85 juta. Jumlah yang tidak sedikit," ujar Jokowi. Oleh sebab itu, dia mendorong para pakar ekonomi memfokuskan diri ke sektor pasar kerja.
Dia meminta setiap pihak mendesain arah kebijakan agar tenaga kerja yang semakin meningkat bisa terserap. Apalagi, kepada negara dan pemerintahan itu mengingatkan bahwa pada 2030-an Indonesia memiliki bonus demografi. Pemerintah, sambungnya, harus bisa memanfaatkan bonus demografi tersebut.
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TVTranscript
00:00JOKOWI DODO
00:13President Jokowi Dodo predicts that by 2025,
00:17there will be 85 million jobs that are potentially lost
00:21due to the rapid development of technology,
00:24especially artificial intelligence.
00:26Therefore, President Jokowi hopes that the relevant parties
00:29will focus on the labor market in Indonesia.
00:36President Jokowi Dodo warns of the risk of losing jobs
00:40due to the development of artificial intelligence.
00:43According to Jokowi, 85 million jobs are potentially lost in 2025
00:49due to the continuous automation that develops in various economic sectors
00:53in the era of artificial intelligence.
00:56If we look at 2025,
01:05there will be 85 million jobs that will be lost.
01:1585 million jobs will be lost,
01:19which is not a small number.
01:22If we are asked to open a labor market,
01:26in 2025, 85 million jobs will be lost
01:32due to the increase of automation in various sectors.
01:39Therefore, President Jokowi hopes that the relevant parties
01:42will focus on the labor market.
01:45According to Jokowi, important stakeholders must be able to design the right policy
01:50so that the number of increased jobs can be absorbed effectively.
01:55Especially in 2030, Indonesia will have a demographic bonus.
02:00Jokowi asks the government to make the most of the demographic bonus.
02:06IDX Channel
02:36Good morning, Mr. Ajib.
02:38Good morning, Mr. Ras.
02:39Thank you for your time.
02:41Let's go to Mr. Tesar.
02:43What is the development of technology disruption
02:46that has happened in Indonesia until now?
02:51If we look at our digital growth,
02:54maybe in the early 2000s,
02:56there was the internet there,
02:58people started using the internet,
03:00then e-commerce started to appear,
03:01then there was the use of mobile.
03:03Maybe what AI feels from 2015 onwards,
03:08because some sectors have started to use AI technology,
03:12including transportation, fintech,
03:14and now e-commerce has also started to be based on AI.
03:17And AI-based education has also started to emerge,
03:20so that many innovators can be said to have emerged
03:25with AI-based technology, like that, Mr. Ras.
03:29If Mr. Ajib himself sees it,
03:31does this technology really change the way we act
03:35in the economy in Indonesia?
03:37Then, does the disruption just give one challenge in itself?
03:41Yes, Mr. Ras, I will try to mention
03:43what was said earlier as an introduction
03:45or an introduction from Mr. Tesar.
03:47In principle, digital disruption is an innovation
03:50and change that is very fundamental,
03:53and that's because of technology.
03:55So, it means that this is a discovery.
03:57How do we do it?
03:58Then, there are three sides, and all stakeholders,
04:01from the business actors, from the community,
04:04from the employees, and from the business world,
04:08then the third is the government.
04:10So, these three things have to make a fundamental disruption
04:15to face the existing problems.
04:17Because on the one hand, digital will make the economy more efficient,
04:21but on the other hand, this will be a potential problem.
04:23Because if we look at the data,
04:26in 2023, if we look at the BPS data,
04:29Indonesia's unemployment rate is more than 7 million people.
04:33That's what's recorded.
04:34If we capture it on the ground,
04:36it's very likely that it's even more than that.
04:38Then, as Mr. Jokowi mentioned,
04:41in 2025 and beyond,
04:44there will be a potential for tens of millions of jobs to be lost.
04:48This is what we have to focus on again,
04:50because it will increase the potential for problems.
04:52If we look at a simple example,
04:55for example, if we go to the parking lot,
04:59there used to be a parking lot keeper,
05:01but now there's none.
05:03If we used to arrange letters,
05:06we still need professional workers to pay,
05:10but now everyone uses technology.
05:13The toll gate, now there's almost no guard at the toll gate,
05:16except for those who guard to prevent problems.
05:19The point is, this is a small example that we find every day,
05:22that the fact is,
05:24on one hand, technology makes business efficient,
05:27time can be optimal and high quality,
05:29but the problem is, what about the people?
05:32What about the workforce?
05:34And the trouble is,
05:35we can't expect the economy to run naturally,
05:39to be able to absorb a lot of workforce,
05:41unless there's a regulation intervention from the government,
05:43so that the absorption of workforce is also good.
05:46That's why this is our hope,
05:48if we from Apindo and the world of business,
05:50naturally, we will see which one is the most efficient,
05:52which one is the most pro,
05:54with the economy that we often operate, and so on.
05:56It means, the workforce will be a potential problem
06:00when there are no breakthroughs
06:02on how digital disruption will distract
06:05the existing problems.
06:07I think that's it.
06:08Okay. Plus minus, it means,
06:09if we look at it like that,
06:10with digitalization that has ravaged
06:12all aspects of life in Indonesia,
06:15Mr. Testar, from Indonesia Digital Empowering Community,
06:18how do you see it from a distance?
06:20The readiness of our SDM,
06:22how far this digitalization
06:25gives a pattern of change
06:27to our culture, habits,
06:29in work, and so on.
06:32Yes, so if the change in lifestyle, of course.
06:34So now, it can be said,
06:36now our communication is all instant.
06:38And this also affects the traits of what generation now?
06:41I heard the generation of Alphas has changed.
06:43So their thinking patterns are now
06:46different from the Baby Boomers,
06:49or the Millennials.
06:51So maybe in this case,
06:53as entrepreneurs,
06:54we also have a slightly different way of thinking.
06:56There is also a shift in consumption.
07:00Now, they don't really
07:03watch TV ads.
07:05Now, maybe they look more at social media.
07:08So this consumption can now be affected
07:11by social commerce.
07:13So a lot of purchases happen there,
07:15not in e-commerce anymore.
07:17Then, there is also an interesting issue
07:19of this job as a gig economy.
07:21So now, a lot of people's jobs
07:23are not in line with,
07:25for example, where they study, where they work.
07:27Now, the job doesn't have to be in the office.
07:31It can even be a website.
07:33So a lot of cultures have changed.
07:36I also talked about this with Mr. Ajib.
07:38So actually, this technology,
07:40especially AI,
07:41we shouldn't think of replacing it.
07:43Because it actually has an assistant.
07:45It helps the job.
07:48For example, we have five employees.
07:50Maybe we only need two.
07:52It doesn't mean it's not the same.
07:54Because there is a human role.
07:56This human can't be lost.
07:58There are ethical, cultural, and other factors.
08:00That's it.
08:01Okay. But what's interesting is that President Jokowi
08:03also mentioned that digital disruption
08:05can affect the workplace.
08:07For example, there are 85 million jobs
08:09that will be lost due to artificial intelligence.
08:12Mr. Ajib, what do you think?
08:14What's the potential of AI?
08:15Because you do think that digitalization
08:17also gives added value to companies
08:20or entrepreneurs.
08:22Okay. Here's the thing, Mr. Pras.
08:24Actually, without talking about
08:26digital disruption potential,
08:28the government is also facing
08:30a job shortage problem.
08:32If we look at the data in 2022-23,
08:35we take the latest data in 2023
08:37that has been validated by DPS.
08:39With an investment of more than Rp1,400 million,
08:41it's an over-target investment.
08:43But if we compare it to the job shortage
08:45of only Rp1,800 million,
08:4750% of the target.
08:49So, it's an over-target investment,
08:51but the job shortage is under-target.
08:54This is an example.
08:56It's a picture of the situation in the field.
08:58The government has a serious problem
09:00in the job shortage.
09:02Even if, as Mr. Ajib said,
09:04many people don't know where they study
09:06and where they work.
09:07Actually, if we translate it into
09:09a word or term,
09:11a social term,
09:13it's called intellectual proletariat,
09:15actually, Mr. Pras.
09:16So, people with high intellectual,
09:18but because they don't get a channel
09:20to work in the field
09:22according to their field,
09:23they have to shift
09:25to learn a new skill.
09:27So, they enter the job market,
09:29the job market sector,
09:31which is not relevant to their education.
09:33Back to earlier,
09:35when technology disrupts again,
09:37it will be a distraction
09:39for the new workforce.
09:40So, if we look at it,
09:42actually, for the next 5 years,
09:44Mr. Prabowo has seen this very clearly.
09:47So, if we look at it,
09:49one of Mr. Prabowo's 8 main programs,
09:52which is called Asta Cita,
09:53the third one,
09:55it literally mentions
09:57the improvement of the workforce
09:59or the quality workforce.
10:01But this is not a dot,
10:03this is still a comma.
10:04This is an improvement of the quality workforce,
10:06comma,
10:07supporting entrepreneurship and creative economy.
10:09It means,
10:10even though the new government has shown this condition,
10:12that the absorption of the workforce
10:14is not only absorbed by the formal sectors,
10:16the government has to push the entrepreneurship sector,
10:18especially if Mr. Joko Wittanen mentions
10:20tens of millions of lost workforce,
10:22it's impossible for the workforce to be absorbed.
10:24It's impossible for the APBN to pay them
10:27by making them into PNS.
10:29So, it requires
10:31a push in the entrepreneurship sector,
10:34so that it will reduce unemployment,
10:37reduce the number of workers
10:39who are still waiting for a job.
10:41Programs like this need to be pushed well.
10:43Only then,
10:44Mr. Prabowo's excellent program
10:46for the next 5 years
10:47can be translated into
10:49technical programs
10:50in all ministries,
10:52so that it can really absorb the workforce.
10:54Okay, okay.
10:55Work that is distracted
10:57due to digital disruption,
10:58can be solved
11:00with several government programs in the future.
11:02We have confidence in that,
11:04and the business world will always
11:06try to adjust to the government programs.
11:08Because, once again,
11:09only the government programs
11:10can push the economy well.
11:13For example,
11:14if we are asked to compete globally,
11:17we won't be able to compete.
11:18We have a lot of closed SMEs,
11:19our convention sector is closed.
11:21Why?
11:22There are a lot of floods,
11:23imports of other goods.
11:24We can't compete in terms of nature,
11:28so that the government policies
11:30are needed.
11:31No.
11:32The business world has to push
11:33how this regulation incentive
11:35is pro with
11:368 hard-working jobs,
11:40and the incentive can reach
11:42the target place like that.
11:44That's it, sir.
11:45Yes, yes. This is interesting.
11:46The level of readiness of the SMEs themselves,
11:48Mr. Tesar,
11:49what do you see?
11:50Is literacy,
11:51then how is the level of understanding of the community
11:53to be able to absorb digitalization
11:55is already adequate
11:56with the speed of digitalization itself?
11:59We will discuss later in the next segment,
12:00and viewers,
12:01make sure you are still with us.
12:20Thank you for still joining us
12:21in Market Review.
12:22In the next segment,
12:23we will present a number of data for you
12:25related to the level of internet penetration in Indonesia.
12:28You can watch it on your television screen.
12:31From 2016 to 2024,
12:34we see that the level of internet penetration in Indonesia
12:36continues to show an increase.
12:39As a result, this is one of the
12:41expansion of internet usage in Indonesia.
12:44Next, the number of Indonesian people
12:45who are connected to the internet,
12:47we see that the comparison continues to increase.
12:50In the last year, in 2024,
12:51there were 221.56 million people.
12:56So this is more than 200 million
12:59of Indonesian people
13:01who are already connected to the internet.
13:03Next, we will discuss
13:04the proportion of productive age population in Indonesia.
13:08In 2020, there were 47.7%,
13:12then in 2025, the projection was 47.2%,
13:16in 2030, it dropped again to 46.9%,
13:19and in 2035, there was an increase of 47.3%.
13:25We will continue our discussion with Narasumber.
13:29Mr. Tesar, you were invited by the Indonesia Digital Empowering Community
13:34to see the readiness of our SDM
13:37to use the internet, literacy, and education.
13:41Can it be done as soon as possible
13:44with the penetration or inclusion of digitalization itself?
13:50Yes.
13:51If I look at it from the point of view of education,
13:55and AI training is now much bigger,
13:57especially in the last four years.
13:59Now there are a lot of AI-based communities,
14:02even now, in quotation marks,
14:04there are a lot of AI-based online platforms,
14:06so we can be aware of
14:08any quotation marks that we need to dig
14:11in the digital world.
14:13But before going there,
14:15I want to give an insight
14:17on what is actually feared by the Indonesian community,
14:20especially in terms of employment.
14:23So, if I can say,
14:25what will be lost is actually repetitive work.
14:29So, this can be replaced by AI easily.
14:33So, repetitive work,
14:35manual and inefficient,
14:37all industries or all businesses will definitely lose it
14:41because it becomes a waste.
14:43So, we, in quotation marks, as workers,
14:46don't have knowledge at that level.
14:49So, we can use our skills to improve.
14:52Because there are some jobs that can't be replaced by AI.
14:55One of them is creative work.
14:57Because there are human tasks there,
14:59there are ethics, social, and so on.
15:01Including psychologist, teacher,
15:03lecturer, and judge.
15:05It's impossible to be replaced by AI.
15:07Because it's very related to humanism,
15:09law, and also some cultures there, Mr. Pras.
15:13Okay. Well, with this condition,
15:15what is your role?
15:17As a stakeholder,
15:19to prepare our own SDM
15:21if we are closely related to the digital world now.
15:25Because you said this is actually very positive
15:28for the efficiency in the company.
15:30Meanwhile, on the other hand, the government
15:32has to create new jobs for our community.
15:36Before going there, Mr. Pras,
15:37it's interesting.
15:38I want to give Mr. Tesar's point of view.
15:40I agree with Mr. Tesar that there are many jobs
15:43that can't be replaced by digital.
15:46But then, some of the clerical functions
15:48will be done by digital as well.
15:50For example, if we're talking about doctors,
15:52now there's Halodoc.
15:53People don't have to go to the doctor.
15:55Minimally, it disrupts as well.
15:56In the past, people went straight to the doctor.
15:58But now, with Halodoc, with technology,
16:00they don't have to go to the doctor physically.
16:02But they already get the answer to their questions,
16:05they are sent medicines, and so on.
16:07It means it's also part of digital disruption.
16:09Including lecturers, and so on.
16:11Now, we're making written works.
16:13Even if we used to make PowerPoint,
16:15we can make it in 10 minutes.
16:17Back to what I said before,
16:19how is the role of the government and the business world?
16:21We can see that the government,
16:23if the business world sees it,
16:25is quite good,
16:27in the context of supporting infrastructure.
16:30If we look at the index of development,
16:33technology, information, and communication,
16:35it keeps increasing, Mr. Pras.
16:37If we look at it, even in 2023,
16:39it was at 0.5,9,
16:42from 1 to 10.
16:44This keeps increasing from the previous year, which was only 5.85.
16:47If we look at these indicators,
16:49they are actually quite positive,
16:51and the trend is increasing.
16:52And if we remember,
16:53since 2016, 2017,
16:55until now,
16:56it was built with the name of
16:58East Palaparing and West Palaparing, for example.
17:01This is a real example from the government,
17:03how they want to push,
17:05how the technology can reach the regions.
17:10It means,
17:11this is part of the government's affirmation
17:14to be able to push for a better economic growth,
17:17and how the workforce in the region
17:19can adapt to the current development.
17:21It's just how the business world responds to it.
17:23Once again, Mr. Pras,
17:25the business world will generally be natural.
17:27There will be an equilibrium,
17:29where when there is a maximum efficiency,
17:32the business world will go there.
17:34That's why when we don't have mutual power,
17:36what's the equilibrium?
17:37It's definitely closed.
17:38That's the extreme.
17:39Then, in the context of the workforce,
17:41how was it when Mr. Tesar said,
17:43there were 5-10 employees,
17:45what's the equilibrium?
17:46When there is a clerical job,
17:48a repetitive job,
17:49naturally,
17:50the employees will be shifted to technology,
17:54to a system,
17:55to an SOP that is enough
17:58with a job that 3 people do,
18:001 person finishes, for example.
18:01So, once again,
18:02in the business world,
18:03it's simple, Mr. Pras.
18:04Naturally, it will follow the existing development
18:07to survive.
18:08Because of the survival of entrepreneurs there,
18:11what is more interesting is,
18:13what is the government's effort
18:14to be able to push,
18:15to give affirmative action in the form of regulation,
18:18in the form of a pro-infrastructure
18:22with the development of the times.
18:26The times have started to change.
18:29Is the government adaptive enough to this change?
18:33And our hope is,
18:34in the next 5 years,
18:35in the next 5 years,
18:36the government can push relevant programs
18:39so that this digital disruption
18:42is on the one hand a challenge,
18:44but on the other hand,
18:45it becomes an opportunity
18:46how the economy can be more efficient.
18:49And once again,
18:50the translation from Asta Cita,
18:52Asta Cita, Mr. Prabowo's program is quite good.
18:54The PR is,
18:55how is the translation in the context of technical programs in the field.
18:58That's it, sir.
18:59Okay.
19:00That's it.
19:01Indeed, various steps have been focused
19:02with various future plans
19:05But, Mr. Tesar,
19:06how do you see with the preparation of the SDM itself?
19:08Do they have to learn self-taught?
19:11Or do they need special assistance?
19:14What else?
19:15Those who do not yet know too much,
19:18such as digitalization,
19:19or applications that they need
19:22when entering the world of work
19:25which is now full of digital applications, for example.
19:32Yes, hello, Mr. Tesar.
19:34Yes, Ben.
19:35So, in the world of education,
19:39now it is very helpful with AI.
19:41To be honest,
19:42as Mr. Haji said,
19:43so there are things I call like doctors,
19:46doctors, etc.
19:47Actually, the nature is as additional tools.
19:49So, when there is an interview,
19:50I don't have to come,
19:51the lecturer doesn't have to come.
19:52We can only use it online like this.
19:54But it doesn't replace the doctor,
19:56it becomes missing.
19:57What I said earlier,
19:58it doesn't replace work,
20:00but only supports.
20:02So, AI supports,
20:04including in the world of education.
20:05Back in my day,
20:06maybe there was no internet
20:07when I made a script.
20:09Now, there is internet,
20:10now there is a chatbot,
20:11there is AI.
20:12Now, step one,
20:13maybe in 1-5 minutes,
20:14it's done.
20:15And this is also very helpful
20:16in the world of education,
20:17including looking for,
20:19looking for,
20:20quotation marks,
20:21which should be googled for a long time.
20:22Now, 1-2 minutes, it's done.
20:24I think now,
20:25the children of today,
20:26this gen alpha,
20:27will be much smarter than us.
20:29Because the education
20:30has been helped by AI as well.
20:32So, they learn enough,
20:33which is very human,
20:35because the theory is already there,
20:37everything is in the internet.
20:38So, they just need to
20:39combine the contents,
20:41so they can do the output
20:43much faster,
20:44much more patient.
20:45And this is what we were afraid of earlier,
20:47whether this replaces,
20:49or only becomes a supporting tool,
20:51so there is no damage.
20:53In quotation marks,
20:54the world is not too damaged,
20:56in the world of industry.
20:58If I look from the national security side,
21:00this needs to be looked at too.
21:02I don't know,
21:03later the Ministry of Health
21:05can see this globally.
21:11Whether AI can affect
21:16our national security
21:18in the next 5-10 years.
21:22We also have to predict this,
21:23whatever regulation,
21:24which, in quotation marks,
21:25must still be maintained
21:26in terms of ethics,
21:27to prevent a lot of damage
21:29in the world of economy.
21:30That's it.
21:31Okay, but you see,
21:32it's quite optimistic,
21:33that digitalization,
21:34okay, on the one hand,
21:35it becomes a belief
21:37that will be faced
21:38by all parties in this country.
21:40But then, how do you see
21:41the processes of communities
21:43like yours,
21:44to be able to give
21:46a learning,
21:48an additional value too,
21:49for friends,
21:50employees in Indonesia,
21:52so that it is also in line
21:53with the needs of the working world
21:54in the future?
21:59Yes, I'm very optimistic.
22:01So, now, I see,
22:03a lot of young people
22:04are much more innovative,
22:06with support of technology.
22:08Maybe if we,
22:09in quotation marks,
22:10think less creative,
22:11now, because there are additional tools,
22:12they are much more creative
22:13than we thought,
22:14with technology 5-10 years ago.
22:17So, I see Indonesia
22:19can be one of the innovators
22:21in the world of AI.
22:22I'm pretty sure of that.
22:23Okay, that's it.
22:24On one hand,
22:25this is a belief
22:26that has been conveyed
22:27by Mr. Ajib,
22:28then Mr. Tesar,
22:29that it must be faced together
22:30and used, of course,
22:32for the business world
22:33and also the community
22:34to be able to improve
22:35their digital abilities,
22:37so that it will clob at the right time.
22:39Mr. Ajib,
22:40I'm sorry for the limited time.
22:41Thank you very much
22:42for the information,
22:43analysis that you have
22:44conveyed to the audience
22:45today.
22:46Mr. Tesar,
22:47thank you also for the update
22:48related to the condition
22:49of digital in Indonesia
22:50until now.
22:52Keep up your activities.
22:53Goodbye.
22:54Mr. Ajib, Mr. Tesar,
22:55thank you.
22:56Goodbye, Mr. Tesar.
23:23Goodbye.
23:51Goodbye.
23:52Goodbye.