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00:00A group already known of 250 animals turned out to be genetically different from their other neighbors on the island.
00:07A new species of giant turtle, which had been hiding from everyone's sight, has been discovered on the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador.
00:15A community of approximately 250 animals that live in an area of the interior area of the island of Santa Cruz,
00:22turned out to be so genetically different from the rest of the turtles on the island,
00:26that researchers have determined that it represents a separate species, Chelonoidis domfaustoides.
00:32This designation could lead to a more intense protection of the new species.
00:36Part of its habitat area is protected, but the new designation of the species could stimulate efforts to prevent agriculture from devouring the unprotected parts of the land.
00:46The name of the species, Domfaustoides, honors the former forest guard of the Galapagos National Park, Fausto Llerena Sánchez,
00:52known by his friends and colleagues as Don Fausto, Don Fausto, who directed the breeding program of turtles in the park,
00:58retired last year after 43 years of service.
01:02This man dedicated his life to them, says Aljiza Kakone, biologist at the Galapagos National Park.
01:09All other species of turtle were named by researchers to honor scientists or explorers,
01:14but no species had been named in honor of an Ecuadorian person.
01:18Kakone and his colleagues had suspected for at least 10 years that the turtles had just discovered land inside,
01:24that they live in an area located in the middle of the Galapagos National Park.
01:28Kakone and his colleagues had suspected for at least 10 years that the turtles had just discovered land inside,
01:34that they live in an area located about 20 kilometers from the main population of turtles,
01:40could belong to a separate species.
01:43The theory was first suggested by the wildlife biologist Tom Fritz,
01:48who has retired from the US Geological Survey.
01:51Two Homes
01:53Fritz says it was the clear geographical separation between the two populations that intrigued him,
01:57and not the differences in appearance or morphology.
02:00Adult turtles have their history on their backs, he says.
02:04There are great variations that occur due to the effect of the environment,
02:08so it is very difficult to differentiate them based on morphology.
02:11That is why Kakone's team suggested that they investigate the genetics of the two populations.
02:16Their document, published in PLOS ONE on October 21, is the culmination of a decade of work.
02:22The results present 25 mutations of the mitochondrial DNA that reliably separate the two groups.
02:28The researchers also analyzed 12 highly variable regions of nuclear DNA,
02:33called microsatellite locus, in 51 turtles of both groups.
02:38The team found that when these locuses grouped by their distinction between each other,
02:42two very specific groups emerged, and corresponded to the two populations of turtles.
02:47They are very different, says Kakone.
02:50The team has built a genealogical tree of the turtles of the islands using thousands of samples collected in the last 20 years,
02:57which now allows them to investigate the history of the two species of Santa Cruz.
03:01The closest living relatives of Sedón Faustoi live entirely on another island, San Cristóbal.
03:07Santa Cruz was colonized twice independently, says Kakone.
03:12Michel Milinkovitch, a conservationist geneticist at the University of Geneva, in Switzerland,
03:17and who has worked with Galapagos turtles,
03:19says that the analysis shows that the groups are as different as other turtles in the archipelago
03:23that are considered separate species.
03:26With the new discovery,
03:28the Galapagos are now home to two known species of giant turtles.
03:32But if the turtle is a new species or perhaps just a subspecies,
03:36Milinkovitch does not care as much as establishing a status of genetically different reproductive population than the others.
03:42The concept of species is vague, says.
03:45Call them whatever you want, I don't care.
03:48The important thing is that people realize that there is diversity that is hidden.
03:53Now read the PDF file and listen to the sound again.
04:02A group of 250 animals already known turned out to be genetically different from its other neighbors on the island.
04:08A new species of giant turtle, which had been hiding from everyone,
04:13has been discovered on the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador.
04:16A community of approximately 250 animals
04:19that live in an area of the interior arid of the island of Santa Cruz,
04:22turned out to be so genetically different from the rest of the turtles on the island,
04:26that researchers have determined that it represents a separate species, Chelonoidis domfaustoi.
04:31This designation could lead to more intensely protecting the new species.
04:36Part of its habitat area is protected,
04:38but the new designation of the species could stimulate efforts to prevent agriculture
04:42from devouring the unprotected parts of the land that serve as home to the turtle.
04:46The name of the species, Domfaustoi,
04:49honor to the former forest guard of the Galapagos National Park Fausto Llerena Sánchez,
04:53known by his friends and colleagues as Don Fausto, Don Fausto,
04:56who directed the breeding program in captivity of turtles in the park,
04:59retired last year after 43 years of service.
05:03This man dedicated his life to them, says Alhiza Kakkone,
05:07evolutionary biologist at Yale University,
05:09in New Haven, Connecticut,
05:11and the main author of the document that describes the species.
05:14All other species of turtle were named by researchers to honor scientists or explorers,
05:19but no species had been named in honor of an Ecuadorian person.
05:23Kakkone and his colleagues had suspected for at least 10 years
05:26that the newly discovered turtles inland,
05:29which inhabit an area located about 20 kilometers from the main population of turtles,
05:33could belong to a separate species.
05:36The theory was first suggested by the wildlife biologist Tom Fritz,
05:40already retired from the US Geological Service.
05:43Two Homes
05:45Fritz says it was the clear geographical separation between the two populations that intrigued him,
05:49and not the differences in appearance or morphology.
05:52The adult turtles carry their history on their backs, he says.
05:56There are great variations that occur due to the effect of the environment,
06:00so it is very difficult to differentiate them based on morphology.
06:03That is why he suggested to Kakkone's team to investigate the genetics of the two populations.
06:08His document, published in Plus One on October 21,
06:11is the culmination of a decade of work.
06:14The results present 25 mutations of the mitochondrial DNA
06:17that reliably separate the two groups.
06:20The researchers also analyzed 12 highly variable regions of nuclear DNA,
06:25called microsatellite locus, in 51 turtles of both groups.
06:29The team found that when these locuses grouped by their distinction between each other,
06:34two very specific groups emerged, and corresponded to the two populations of turtles.
06:39They are very different, says Kakkone.
06:42The team has built a genealogical tree of the turtles of the islands
06:46using thousands of samples collected in the last 20 years,
06:49which now allows them to investigate the history of the two species of Santa Cruz.
06:53The closest living relatives of Seddon Faustoi live entirely on another island, San Cristóbal.
06:58Santa Cruz was colonized twice independently, says Kakkone.
07:03Michel Milinkovitch, conservationist geneticist at the University of Geneva,
07:08in Switzerland, and who has worked with Galapagos turtles,
07:11says that the analysis shows that the groups are as different
07:14as other turtles in the archipelago that are considered separate species.
07:18With the new discovery,
07:20the Galapagos are now home to two known species of giant turtles.
07:24But if the turtle is a new species or perhaps just a subspecies,
07:28it does not matter as much to Milinkovitch as to establish a status
07:31of a genetically different reproductive population from the others.
07:34The concept of species is vague, he says.
07:37Call them whatever you want, I don't care.
07:40The important thing is that people realize that there is diversity that is hidden.