Les anciens Égyptiens étaient vraiment en avance sur leur temps, et certaines de leurs technologies nous laissent encore perplexes aujourd'hui ! 🏺 Par exemple, nous ne savons toujours pas vraiment comment ils ont construit les pyramides avec une telle précision et de si énormes pierres sans machinerie moderne. Et puis il y a le mystère de leurs outils médicaux - ils avaient des instruments pour les chirurgies qui semblent étonnamment avancés, même selon les standards actuels. Les Égyptiens fabriquaient également des batteries à partir de pots en argile qui pouvaient générer de l'électricité - bien avant que l'électricité ne soit même une réalité ! 🔋 Leur utilisation d'un type de béton plus résistant que certaines versions modernes intrigue également les scientifiques. Ces mystères vous font vous demander combien ils savaient réellement et quels autres secrets ils ont emportés avec eux. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00If a question continues to confuse archaeologists today, it is this one.
00:05How did the ancient Egyptians build these monumental pyramids?
00:09According to what we know to this day, their means seemed rather limited,
00:13especially in terms of the tools and materials necessary for construction.
00:17Although we still do not have a fully convincing answer,
00:20some fascinating theories deserve to be examined.
00:24Among these hypotheses, one of the most credible evokes an ingenious method used by the Egyptians.
00:29Imagine for a moment, they would have built an inclined and sinuous ramp,
00:33composed of bricks, earth and sand, gradually surrounding the pyramid under construction.
00:39As the building grew in height, they would have simply adjusted the size and width of this structure.
00:46An ingenious method reminiscent of an ancient Jenga game.
00:50But then, how did they manage to raise these blocks of colossal stones to the top?
00:55According to Herodotus, the eminent Greek historian of Antiquity,
00:59they would have used sleds, rollers and levers,
01:03thus transforming the site into a gigantic collective force test.
01:08Still according to these stories, it would have taken no less than 20 years to complete the Pyramid of Cheops,
01:14this emblematic masterpiece.
01:16Herodotus does not stop there, he advances a stunning figure,
01:19stating that 100,000 men would have participated in this incredible project.
01:23Did the entire Egyptian population take part?
01:26Probably not.
01:28But it is plausible that the majority of these workers had been farmers
01:32mobilized during the Cru period of the Nile,
01:34when agricultural work was suspended.
01:37An ingenious organization adapted to the natural flow of the river.
01:41Contemporary archaeologists, however, have brought nuances to this vision.
01:45Towards the end of the 20th century,
01:47discoveries revealed that the workforce could have been much less numerous and more specialized.
01:53Instead of the supposed 100,000 workers,
01:55a team of about 20,000 permanent workers,
01:58assisted by support staff including bakers, doctors and some priests,
02:03would have been enough to carry out this architectural feat.
02:06Another theory, for the less bold,
02:08advanced that the pyramids would have been built from top to bottom.
02:12According to this hypothesis,
02:14these monumental buildings would have originally been
02:17only simple isolated hills serving as quarries.
02:20The stones would have been extracted gradually,
02:23and over time, successive engineers would have remodeled these hills
02:27to give them the shape of the emblematic pyramids that we admire today.
02:31Before rejecting this idea as a pure fantasy,
02:34some saw it as a part of plausibility.
02:37After all, isolated hills do exist in some cases,
02:41leaving a slight possibility of truth in this hypothesis.
02:45Whether through the construction of ramps or ingenious work techniques,
02:49one thing remains unquestionable.
02:52These pyramids continue to fascinate history and feed our imagination.
02:57By evoking the mysteries of ancient Egypt,
03:00there is also this immense unfinished obelisk,
03:03an intriguing vestige that arouses many questions among scientists
03:08about its shaping method.
03:10Some think that our ancestors would have used manual pylons
03:14to accomplish this colossal work.
03:17However, a specialist offers a different interpretation.
03:20By carefully examining the motifs left by the tool used,
03:24he emphasizes an intriguing feature.
03:26The walls of the trenches surrounding the obelisk
03:29display regular and well-aligned streaks,
03:32which seems improbable if these marks were
03:35only results of blows carried by human hands.
03:38According to this specialist, these horizontal streaks
03:41are typical of a mechanical tool,
03:43performing regular poses while removing the material.
03:46But that's not all!
03:48Imagine a tool that oscillates back and forth
03:50against the walls of the trench,
03:52evacuating debris to prevent progressive shrinking.
03:55In this scenario, this tool could have printed
03:58particular horizontal streaks
04:00where it exerted pressure against the side walls.
04:04This seems to be cutting-edge technology, doesn't it?
04:07And guess what?
04:08It is unlikely that the Egyptians of the 18th dynasty
04:11had access to such advanced know-how.
04:14Another renowned Egyptologist, during his explorations,
04:17also discovered several carrot drills.
04:20Although the real boreholes are absent,
04:23his collection contains curious vestiges of carrots
04:26in limestone, albatross, and even granite.
04:29However, the Egyptians were not content
04:31with these impressive constructions.
04:34In fact, they were the geniuses
04:36at the origin of the portable mirror.
04:38Yes, this little mirror that we use daily
04:41to inspect our appearance.
04:43But here's the trick.
04:45These mirrors were real works of art.
04:48They were adorned with inscriptions and decorative figures.
04:51That's not all.
04:52The Egyptians took great care of their appearance.
04:55They understood the importance of personal hygiene
04:58and caring for their image.
05:00In their quest for sparkling teeth,
05:02they invented toothbrushes and toothpaste.
05:05Dental problems were common at the time,
05:08and their smile was not necessarily
05:10an immaculate white.
05:12Dental art was not their favorite field.
05:14Do you understand?
05:16Perhaps their minds were more occupied
05:18by the construction of pyramids.
05:20That said,
05:21these ancient toothpaste recipes
05:23were far from uninteresting.
05:25One of the most original concoctions
05:27included gem salt, mint, dried iris petals,
05:30and pepper.
05:31A few dentists had the courage
05:33to test this formula,
05:34and, to their surprise,
05:36it turned out to be quite effective.
05:38Crushed ash was included in another recipe
05:41to prepare a toothpaste for teeth.
05:43But the absence of mint
05:45left little to be desired in terms of freshness.
05:47It was then that the Egyptians had the brilliant idea
05:50of inventing the first candy for wool.
05:52They made hot spice-based pastilles,
05:55like cinnamon, which they mixed with honey.
05:58Now let's move on to the art of interior decoration,
06:01to Egyptian fashion.
06:02They really raised the ornamentation
06:04to a whole new level.
06:06Although the decoration of furniture
06:08was born in Mesopotamia,
06:10the Egyptians sublimated it.
06:12They bet on a wide variety of colors,
06:14and even created papers of different weights.
06:17And let's not forget these little handkerchiefs
06:19that we all have at home today.
06:21Guess who had the idea?
06:23Well, the Egyptians.
06:25They used the papyrus plant,
06:27which was extremely versatile,
06:29to weave these handkerchiefs.
06:31And speaking of trends,
06:32the Egyptians were big fans of bibles.
06:35They owned a whole collection of small figurines
06:38depicting cats, dogs,
06:40and humanoid characters.
06:42These statues were made of various materials,
06:45ranging from dry mud to gold.
06:48It all depended on your wealth.
06:50Agriculture was a place of choice
06:52in Egyptian society,
06:54and they understood that clean water
06:56was essential for their culture and their animals.
06:59That's why they came up with inventions
07:01and techniques to guarantee
07:03the fertility of their land
07:05and the well-being of their plants.
07:07They first had the brilliant idea
07:09of using carts pulled by sheep.
07:11There were two types of carts,
07:13heavy and light.
07:15The heavy cart dug deep,
07:17digging large holes,
07:19while the light cart followed,
07:21eroding the earth.
07:23But that wasn't all.
07:25The light cart dug deep,
07:27eroding the earth,
07:29and sowing the seeds.
07:31To put the seeds in the holes,
07:33they had their cattle cross the field,
07:35effectively closing the holes.
07:37But all this work would be in vain
07:39if the seeds remained as dry as the desert.
07:41That's where irrigation comes in.
07:43The Egyptians were so competent in this field
07:45that other civilizations,
07:47such as the Greeks and the Romans,
07:49were forced to adopt their method.
07:51Now, let's change the subject
07:53and take a closer look at the ancient Egypt.
07:55These builders were not only experts
07:57in agriculture,
07:59they were also master architects.
08:01They built refined canals
08:03to bring water to farms and villages.
08:05And believe us,
08:07they knew how to embellish these canals.
08:09Imagine wandering along a canal
08:11bordered with decorative structures.
08:13The pharaoh Ramses II,
08:15nicknamed the Great,
08:17was a real prodigy in construction.
08:19One of his most impressive creations
08:21is located in Abu Simbel.
08:23This temple was designed
08:25so that, twice a year,
08:27the sun penetrates directly into the building
08:29to illuminate the pharaoh's statue.
08:31And let's not forget the embellishment.
08:33Without this architectural wonder,
08:35structures as impressive
08:37as the Pyramid of Cheops
08:39would never have been born.
08:41The Egyptians mastered the art
08:43of holding majestic buildings.
08:45Thanks to their genius in engineering
08:47and construction,
08:49they built vast rooms
08:51and interior sanctuaries
08:53that will not fail to amaze you.
08:55And some of their temples
08:57also served as astronomical observatories.