Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé si quelque chose de vraiment étrange vous arrivait en ce moment ? Eh bien, les scientifiques pensent que des trous noirs minuscules—oui, de véritables trous noirs—pourraient traverser nos corps tout le temps ! Ces mini-trous noirs sont bien plus petits que des atomes, donc nous ne ressentons rien lorsqu'ils passent. Heureusement, ils ne nous engloutissent pas comme les géants dans l'espace, car leur gravité est trop faible. Mais si nous pouvions d'une manière ou d'une autre les détecter, cela pourrait prouver certaines théories folles sur l'univers. Alors la prochaine fois que vous vous sentez un peu bizarre, blâmez simplement un trou noir de passage ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
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FunTranscript
00:00Tiny black holes, able to pierce entire planets, could cross terrestrial objects right now.
00:08Could these objects include your own body?
00:12Most likely.
00:13The key lies in the fact that, theoretically, black holes can vary considerably in size,
00:19ranging from those weighing billions of times the mass of the sun,
00:23to others, tiny, much lighter than a simple trombone.
00:27These tiny black holes, called primordial black holes,
00:30could precisely be those that cross your arm or your leg right now.
00:34The primordial black holes, being so tiny, have left no direct evidence of their existence.
00:41However, a group of physicists proposed an original method,
00:45looking for their traces in everyday objects.
00:48Although they are incredibly small, they would still be large enough to be observed with a microscope.
00:55The probability of detecting these traces remains small,
00:58but their research would require very little resources.
01:01What makes primordial black holes so unique?
01:04They could have formed shortly after the Big Bang, in the extreme conditions of the primordial universe.
01:09Even more fascinating, they could have constituted an essential part of black matter,
01:14this enigmatic substance representing 85% of all the matter in the universe.
01:20Contrary to black holes from the collapse of stars or gas clouds,
01:24primordial black holes would probably have been born from extremely dense areas of subatomic particles,
01:30such as protons, neutrons or electrons, during the first fractions of a second of the universe.
01:36These black holes could have the mass of a mountain,
01:39while being as small as a hydrogen atom,
01:42which makes them particularly difficult to detect.
01:45To better orient their research,
01:47scientists have established calculations,
01:49aiming to predict the clues that could leave these primordial black holes.
01:53An interesting hypothesis is that planets or asteroids could capture these black holes,
01:58which would then siphon inside their celestial bodies.
02:01If the core of a planet or an asteroid is liquid,
02:05a captured black hole could absorb this denser matter.
02:09After swallowing the core, the black hole could escape as a result of a shock or impact.
02:14The result would be an empty planetary shell.
02:17If the object is relatively small, about a tenth of the size of the Earth,
02:22it could remain intact long enough to be detected by astronomers.
02:26On the other hand, larger but empty planets would collapse under the effect of their own gravity.
02:32This offers another way to identify primordial black holes.
02:36If a small planet or a moon has a density much lower than normal,
02:41it could indicate that it is hollow and can be sculpted by a black hole.
02:45We may not even need to look for clues in space anymore.
02:49Scientists have also determined what would happen if a primordial black hole crossed an object on Earth.
02:56For example, a black hole of about one ton could dig a tunnel through matter,
03:01creating an opening about 700 times thinner than a human hair.
03:06What is even more fascinating,
03:08if an object moves at a speed greater than that of sound in a material,
03:13the molecules of this material do not have time to react.
03:16And the material does not tear.
03:18It's a bit like comparing the throw of a stone against a window, which breaks it,
03:22to the shot of a bullet, which leaves only a clear and precise hole.
03:26Researchers could analyze rocks dating back a billion years,
03:30or even structures dating back a few centuries,
03:32to find traces of these microscopic passages.
03:35However, there is a downside.
03:37The chances of finding such a tunnel are extremely low.
03:41According to researchers' calculations,
03:43the probability that a primordial black hole crosses a particular rock,
03:46one billion years old, is only 1 in 10,000.
03:49Despite this, the simplicity of the test justifies that we are interested in it.
03:53Now let's address the risks for you, or for your dog,
03:57if a primordial black hole were to cross you.
04:00Let's be clear.
04:01The chances of this happening during your life, or that of your dog,
04:06are astronomically low.
04:08But if it were to happen, no need to panic.
04:11Unlike planets or ancient rocks,
04:14human or animal bodies only suffer from a low internal tension.
04:18It seems difficult to believe that a primordial black hole
04:21can pass through you without you noticing it.
04:24However, while you are watching this video,
04:27thousands of billions of neutrinos cross your body at the speed of light,
04:31and you feel absolutely nothing.
04:33These particles are nicknamed ghost particles,
04:36and this nickname is not trivial.
04:38Maybe one day, we will also nickname the primordial black holes
04:42as ghost black holes.
04:44Although all this may seem highly speculative,
04:47research of this kind is crucial.
04:49Many ideas, which used to seem extravagant,
04:53are now an integral part of science.
04:56A creative thought is essential to solve the greatest mysteries of physics,
05:00like the exact nature of black matter.
05:03For 80 years, the brightest minds have been tackling these problems
05:07without finding a solution.
05:08Thus, it is not enough to bring small modifications to existing theories.
05:13We must completely rethink our way of addressing these questions.
05:16Let's go back to the subject of black holes.
05:18Astronomers have recently discovered a low-mass black hole
05:22that intrigues the scientific community.
05:24Indeed, there is a notable absence of black holes
05:28with a mass between 2 and 5 times that of the Sun.
05:32Scientists do not know if these small black holes are simply difficult to detect
05:36or if they are truly rare.
05:39This new discovery could well offer clues to solve the mystery.
05:43This black hole is located precisely at the heart of this gap,
05:47with a mass equivalent to about 3.5 times that of the Sun.
05:51Researchers have detected it thanks to its companion,
05:54a giant massive red star located at about 5,800 light-years from Earth.
06:00Although this star is only 2.5 times more massive than the Sun,
06:05it is about 13 times larger and shines 100 times more intensely.
06:10Astronomers made this discovery
06:12by relying on data from the Gaia spacecraft of the European Space Agency,
06:16which maps the movements of more than a billion stars in our galaxy.
06:20Gaia excels in the surveillance of movements in two dimensions of stars,
06:24lateral and vertical.
06:26However, observations using a terrestrial telescope
06:30were necessary to determine the movements of the red giant towards Earth.
06:35These observations revealed a surprising fact.
06:38Two objects were moving together in a large orbit, almost circular.
06:42This orbit aroused questions.
06:44The black hole should have formed following a supernova,
06:48the extremely bright explosion of a star,
06:51which would then have lost a large part of its mass very quickly.
06:54Such a loss should have disrupted the orbit.
06:57According to a fundamental rule of orbital mechanics,
07:00if a binary system loses half of its mass,
07:03the two objects should separate.
07:05Even if the loss of mass may not have been as drastic in this specific case,
07:09it should have produced an elongated and oval orbit,
07:12not an almost circular orbit, like the one observed.
07:16Another problematic point for this theory
07:18is the behavior of supernova explosions,
07:21which are not always perfectly symmetrical.
07:23If the explosion had been unbalanced,
07:25the residual black hole could have deviated from its trajectory
07:29and separated from its companion star.
07:32This could explain the rarity of small observed black holes.
07:35Many could land alone, in the galaxy, invisible and undetected.
07:40This is precisely what makes the discovery of this binary system so intriguing.
07:45Another hypothesis also deserves to be considered.
07:48It is possible that the black hole and the red giant
07:51initially belonged to a triple stellar system,
07:54with two massive stars in the center
07:57and the red giant orbiting more outside.
08:00The current black hole could then have formed
08:03after the fusion of the two central stars.
08:05It is not excluded either that the invisible object of the system
08:08is actually composed of two small compact objects,
08:11rather than one.