March 3, 2025 | U.S. President Donald Trump begins a trade war with Canada, imposing his long-threatened 25 percent tariffs. And Trump slams Ukraine’s president again, but says a critical minerals deal is still on the table.
00:00 The National for March 3, 2025
00:40 Trump's 25% tariffs on Canada take effect
04:44 Canada hits back with retaliatory tariffs
08:03 Stock markets drop in response to tariffs
10:37 Border regions brace for tariff impact
13:55 PM Trudeau meets with King Charles
14:16 U.S pauses military aid to Ukraine
16:54 Car rams crowd in German city of Mannheim
17:22 Pope suffers health setback in hospital
18:42 Wildfire evacuations in South Carolina
19:00 Ontario changes cervical cancer screening
22:20 Quebec marks historical hockey event
22:43 Serena Williams buys stake in Toronto Tempo
23:00 Anora wins big at Oscars on small budget
25:16 The Breakdown
26:03 Tariffs take effect | Your questions answered
36:30 What Zelenskyy wanted before the shouting started
42:33 The Moment | Polar bear cuddles
#news #latestnews #canada
Watch The National live on YouTube starting at 9 p.m. ET
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More from CBC News | https://www.cbc.ca/news
The National is the flagship of CBC News, showcasing award-winning journalism from across Canada and around the world. Led by Chief Correspondent Adrienne Arsenault and Ian Hanomansing, our team of trusted reporters helps you make sense of the world, wherever you are.
00:00 The National for March 3, 2025
00:40 Trump's 25% tariffs on Canada take effect
04:44 Canada hits back with retaliatory tariffs
08:03 Stock markets drop in response to tariffs
10:37 Border regions brace for tariff impact
13:55 PM Trudeau meets with King Charles
14:16 U.S pauses military aid to Ukraine
16:54 Car rams crowd in German city of Mannheim
17:22 Pope suffers health setback in hospital
18:42 Wildfire evacuations in South Carolina
19:00 Ontario changes cervical cancer screening
22:20 Quebec marks historical hockey event
22:43 Serena Williams buys stake in Toronto Tempo
23:00 Anora wins big at Oscars on small budget
25:16 The Breakdown
26:03 Tariffs take effect | Your questions answered
36:30 What Zelenskyy wanted before the shouting started
42:33 The Moment | Polar bear cuddles
#news #latestnews #canada
Watch The National live on YouTube starting at 9 p.m. ET
Subscribe to The National:
https://www.youtube.com/user/CBCTheNational?sub_confirmation=1
More from CBC News | https://www.cbc.ca/news
The National is the flagship of CBC News, showcasing award-winning journalism from across Canada and around the world. Led by Chief Correspondent Adrienne Arsenault and Ian Hanomansing, our team of trusted reporters helps you make sense of the world, wherever you are.
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NewsTranscript
00:00Breaking tonight, Donald Trump declares a trade war on Canada as sweeping tariffs take effect.
00:06The tariffs, you know, they're all set.
00:09Canada's plan to hit back.
00:11This is an existential threat to us.
00:15Markets slide, businesses brace.
00:17You'll start feeling some pain.
00:19You'll start seeing layoffs.
00:21We break down the economic hit and try to answer your questions.
00:25What does this really mean for Canadians?
00:27How does this change our diplomatic situation with the United States?
00:30From groceries to interest rates, what this trade war could mean for your life.
00:40Thanks for joining us.
00:41The economically crippling tariffs Donald Trump threatened against Mexico and Canada
00:46have now kicked in.
00:4725% on most goods, 10% on energy.
00:52Trump's 30-day pause issued last month was supposedly to give Canada time to address
00:58Washington's concerns about the border.
01:01But Trump said Monday afternoon there was no room left to negotiate a reprieve and at
01:05that moment markets shuddered.
01:08According to Canadian officials, Ottawa's counter tariffs are also snapping into place.
01:14Crippling economic blows that will be felt across the continent.
01:18Katie Simpson joins us now from Washington.
01:21Katie.
01:22The trade war is now on, Adrienne.
01:25Donald Trump's tariffs are in effect after months of threats and shifting demands.
01:30The U.S. president followed through.
01:32The sweeping and devastating tariffs upend one of the most productive trading relationships
01:37in the world, punishing America's closest economic partners.
01:43Thank you very much.
01:44It's been called an attack, a betrayal, the abandoning of an ally.
01:49Donald Trump confirming his tariff plan on Canada.
01:52The justification swinging wildly.
01:55First saying it's about creating U.S. auto jobs.
01:59Very importantly tomorrow tariffs 25% on Canada and 25% on Mexico and that'll start.
02:06So they're going to have to have a tariff.
02:08So what they have to do is build their car plants frankly and other things in the United States.
02:12Then Trump backtracked saying it's really about fentanyl.
02:16Too much enters the U.S.
02:18Canada, Mexico and China are to blame and he's not open to further negotiations.
02:24No room left for Mexico or for Canada.
02:27The tariffs, you know, they're all set.
02:29They go into effect tomorrow.
02:31There had been hope a worst-case scenario could have been avoided.
02:35With suggestions hours earlier, Trump was still open to lower tariff rates.
02:40He's got to decide how he wants to play.
02:42And that's the key to the president's advisers.
02:45We are around telling him all the details but then he's going to decide this afternoon
02:49and tomorrow we're going to put out those tariffs.
02:52This is just the first blow in Trump's trade war.
02:54Additional 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum start March 12th.
02:59Broader tariffs on all U.S. trading partners start April 2nd.
03:03Those details still need to be announced.
03:05The tariff sparking blowback from Democrats in the Senate.
03:09Families will suffer, businesses will suffer.
03:13You said you'd bring down costs on day one, Donald Trump.
03:16Yet here, one month in, you're doing something that would raise costs significantly.
03:23But Trump is set on this America first agenda.
03:26An existential groundhog day of repeating deadlines, mixed messaging
03:31and a sense of dread for Canada.
03:33This is the new normal.
03:34So I don't see the president wavering on any of this because he knows
03:41in order to get to a world in which America is strong
03:45and prosperous with real wages going up and factory jobs, this is the path.
03:51The next big question for Trump, how much pain is he willing to see Americans endure?
03:57Once the cost of living starts to go up, will that sway him to back off?
04:00Once the auto sector grinds to a halt, will that be enough?
04:04Or will he bulldoze through in his pursuit of his agenda?
04:08So Katie, you live in DC, you know the day-to-day there.
04:12Is it your sense that Americans are ready for this?
04:15Anyone that deals directly with imports, there is a real sense of fear and panic.
04:19Because it's the American companies that pay for the tariffs.
04:23Overall though, in this moment when so much is changing in the US
04:27with the mass firings at the federal government,
04:29Trump's blow up with the Ukrainian president,
04:32tariffs can get lost in the shuffle of a very busy news cycle.
04:36They can indeed.
04:37All right, Katie Simpson in Washington tonight.
04:39Thank you, Katie.
04:41So as promised, Ottawa is hitting back with its own retaliatory tariffs tonight
04:46and the Prime Minister will address the country in the morning.
04:49As Catherine Cullen explains, it caps off a day of confusion and mixed signals from Washington.
04:55I know that a lot of Canadians are asking themselves what is going on.
04:59Despite all Canadian efforts to fend off tariffs,
05:02officials spent much of the day waiting to find out what was next.
05:06As of this moment, I have no news to report on that front.
05:11There's been no word like today?
05:12No, not to my knowledge, no.
05:14We don't know what's coming tomorrow.
05:16I'm not even sure if President Trump knows what's coming tomorrow.
05:20Then mid-afternoon, the president was explicit.
05:24Very importantly, tomorrow tariffs.
05:26Leaving many Canadians, including federal ministers, shaking their heads.
05:30The decision that's been announced I think is deeply regrettable
05:32and will have a very significant impact.
05:34We know that this is an existential threat to us
05:39and there are thousands of jobs in Canada at stake.
05:42The federal government had a multi-phase plan for counter tariffs ready
05:46the last time Trump leveled this threat.
05:48Melanie Jolie says that pushback is still ready to go.
05:52We've done the work.
05:54We are ready should the U.S. decide to launch their trade war.
06:00We are ready with $155 billion worth of tariffs.
06:04If I'm hearing you correctly, you are ready, sir, to go to war, to go to a trade war.
06:09Ontario's premier seethed on U.S. cable TV about how he might push back
06:14from cutting off critical mineral supplies to no longer buying U.S. alcohol and more.
06:19I'm going after absolutely everything
06:22and I don't want to.
06:24We keep the lights on the 1.5 million homes in manufacturing
06:29in New York, in Michigan and in Minnesota.
06:32If he wants to destroy our economy and our families, I will shut down the electricity.
06:38Canadians in the auto sector have warned these tariffs could lead to jobs being hurt in the U.S.
06:43Almost a million Americans could face temporary layoffs, says one representative.
06:48Go ahead, put the tariffs on
06:50and then explain to people in Michigan and Alabama and Tennessee and Texas
06:54why they're home from work.
06:56And it appears that this time, Adrienne,
06:58there's no last minute phone call between Trump and Trudeau to stop these tariffs.
07:02But Catherine, the prime minister did in a way respond tonight, right, in the statement?
07:07That's right.
07:08He laid out the work that Canada has done to address Trump's concerns about the border.
07:13For instance, that $1.3 billion border plan, a new fentanyl czar and more.
07:17Then he outlined Canada's pushback.
07:20He said, let me be unequivocally clear, there is no justification for these actions,
07:25adding Canada will not let this unjustified decision go unanswered.
07:30The prime minister says the country is responding immediately with counter tariffs.
07:34The first tranche on $30 billion worth of U.S. goods has come into effect immediately
07:39with another $125 billion worth coming up after consultations with industry
07:44and the potential for several non-tariff measures to come in as well.
07:48In one of his few remaining days as prime minister, Adrienne,
07:51Justin Trudeau will address Canadians about this serious economic threat Tuesday morning.
07:57All right, Catherine Cullen in Ottawa, thank you.
08:00Just moments after Trump's announcement this afternoon,
08:03stock markets were hit by a significant sell-off.
08:07The S&P 500 lost nearly 1.8 percent, its worst day this year.
08:12The Dow Jones down about one and a half percent,
08:15wiping out most of the gains seen since Donald Trump's election win.
08:19Here in Canada, the TSX also down.
08:23Here's senior business correspondent Peter Armstrong for the story behind those numbers.
08:28What on earth do we read into this, Peter?
08:31It's interesting, right?
08:31Because until now, at least, investors had largely shrugged off this threat of tariffs.
08:36You know, through the campaign, the night Donald Trump won,
08:39even as he quite repeatedly said he was going to impose
08:42the biggest trade barriers we've seen in like 100 years, markets mostly ignored him.
08:47All of those deadlines came and went.
08:49Businesses and consumers and politicians,
08:51they're all pulling out their hair trying to figure out what this was going to mean
08:54and how they should react.
08:55Markets were largely unmoved, at least in part, Adrienne,
08:59because investors simply didn't believe him.
09:02They know the president often has more bluster than bite.
09:05In 2016, remember, he said he was going to tear up NAFTA
09:09and in the end, yeah, they made some changes on the margins,
09:11but as a result of that trade actually increased 30%
09:14in trilateral trade between Canada, Mexico and the US.
09:17So they saw this as a tactic.
09:19They saw this as a way to negotiate more concessions
09:22and they kind of said, you know, call us when he actually does something.
09:25So today, as Trump spoke in the White House,
09:28investors finally saw reason to act and they acted and stocks sold off pretty sharply.
09:33And if you zoom out, what specifically are the markets fearing here?
09:37Is it uncertainty?
09:38Is it just the pain this is going to inflict?
09:41It's all of that, right?
09:42We talk a lot about how bad this will be for the Canadian economy,
09:45but this can be bad for the American economy as well.
09:47You know, the American Tax Foundation has said these sweeping tariffs
09:51could be like imposing $130 billion tax on American households.
09:56It says the move would shrink American incomes by 1.2%.
10:00The price of gasoline is now projected to rise like 40 cents per gallon
10:04in northeastern states.
10:06Remember when tariffs were imposed on steel and aluminum,
10:08tens of thousands of jobs were lost.
10:11Washington had to offer like a $30 billion bailout to industries.
10:15That's bad for business.
10:16It's bad for the economy and eventually markets had to price it.
10:19Okay, Peter Armstrong in Washington tonight.
10:22You bet.
10:24You're looking at the Peace Bridge linking Ontario and Buffalo, New York.
10:28Trucks crossing here will now see tariffs on many of the goods they're carrying.
10:34The busiest border crossing between Canada and the U.S. is in Windsor, Ontario.
10:38And tonight, many thousands of people there are deeply afraid.
10:41As Nisha Patel shows us, that fear reaches well beyond the auto industry.
10:47A cloud of tariffs hangs heavy over this greenhouse
10:50just outside the border city of Windsor, Ontario.
10:54A lot of sleepless nights, a lot of concern from our members.
11:00It's the uncertainties.
11:01Nearly 85 percent of these peppers, cucumbers and tomatoes are exported to the U.S.
11:07That's worth more than $1 billion a year.
11:10But higher costs could hurt demand.
11:13She'll start feeling some pain.
11:14You'll start seeing layoffs.
11:16You'll start seeing disruptions in the overall supply chain.
11:22Growers say there's not much of a backup plan
11:24because their product perishes so easily it's tough to find an alternative market.
11:30Other sectors are on edge.
11:32From pharmaceuticals to packaged goods to lumber.
11:35Looking to pivot exports to Europe or Asia.
11:38Trade experts warn there are limitations.
11:41They don't have the consumer market or the big market that the United States has.
11:45The uncertainty itself has already done economic damage.
11:49A more profound challenge will emerge if companies heed Donald Trump's call
11:54to shift operations and jobs south of the border.
11:58So what they have to do is build their car plants frankly
12:01and other things in the United States in which case they have no tariffs.
12:04That could decimate auto manufacturing which is Canada's second biggest export.
12:10Windsor is home to major auto plants and related parts makers.
12:14More than 100,000 jobs are at risk.
12:17Well we know that it will be approximately seven to nine days
12:21before we would see shutdowns in Canada.
12:23A foreboding possibility that's weighed on auto workers for weeks.
12:28Unreal like I mean we never know what we're going to be expecting one day to the next.
12:32We can't plan for any future production.
12:35It's devastating you know where to where people are going to work.
12:38Where are they going to go?
12:39I'm more I'm more worried about what this will do not only for my co-workers in there
12:43but to the city itself when when that plan is not working.
12:47So Adrienne for anxious workers and businesses there's little to do
12:51but hope for the best and plan for the worst.
12:54Indeed Nisha you're in front of one of the busiest border crossings in the country.
12:57What have you learned about what is happening right there?
13:00Yeah about 400 million dollars worth of goods crosses over that bridge to Detroit every day.
13:06I just spoke to a customs broker who said there's been new guidance issued.
13:11Any trucks that cross over after midnight will see their entry filings
13:15automatically updated to reflect new tariffs.
13:18She said over the past 30 days it's been a whirlwind of businesses
13:23trying to work with their U.S. customers about how they'll bear the cost of these new tariffs
13:29and keep in mind that these new filings will happen at any port of entry
13:34whether that's land, air or sea.
13:36Adrienne.
13:37All right Nisha Patel at the border in Windsor, Ontario.
13:41Now we know you have lots of tariff related concerns
13:44because we've been fielding your questions from all corners of this country.
13:48In about 20 minutes our panel will be here to get you some answers.
13:52Well Justin Trudeau met with King Charles today but neither side is revealing what was discussed.
13:58Ahead of his private morning visit the Prime Minister did mention Canada's sovereignty
14:02is an important topic to be raised.
14:04There have been many questions from Canadians about when or if the King will respond
14:09to Donald Trump's taunts about a 51st state.
14:13There's more breaking news tonight from the White House.
14:15The U.S. is pausing military aid to Ukraine.
14:19The move comes days after that very public clash with the Ukrainian president in the Oval Office
14:24and as Katie Nicholson shows us as Europe tries to chart its own peace plan.
14:30Days after a diplomatic rupture a signal all is not lost.
14:34I think everybody has to get into a room so to speak and we have to make a deal
14:39and the deal can be made very fast.
14:41And yet still seething from Friday's Oval Office clash with Ukrainian president
14:46Volodymyr Zelensky, U.S. President Donald Trump pausing all military aid to Ukraine
14:52until he sees a good faith commitment to peace.
14:56Earlier in the day those tensions clearly bubbling to the surface.
15:01Maybe somebody doesn't want to make a deal and if somebody doesn't want to make a deal
15:04I think that person won't be around very long.
15:06Those words echoing Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Paskov
15:11who claims Zelensky doesn't want peace.
15:16Zelensky signaled peace very much something he'd like
15:19saying Ukraine, Europe and America can work together to ensure decades of stability.
15:25To help mend the rift Ukraine's parliament issued a rare statement in English praising Trump
15:31describing his peacekeeping efforts as decisive in the swift cessation of hostilities.
15:38Other nations work together to map new possible pathways to peace.
15:43France floated a month-long pause in the war to test the good faith of Vladimir Putin.
15:48What we don't want is to give Russia a month off
15:51to regroup to get its drones together to get more soldiers ready for the front line.
15:56Ukraine's allies are still deeply rattled by Friday's explosive meeting.
16:01The U.S. and the U.K. have the closest of relationships.
16:05A relationship the British prime minister told MPs is still critical.
16:09Our defense, our security, our intelligence are completely intertwined.
16:14And that is precisely why European leaders are also planning to shore up their own
16:19national security so if they have to they can stand alone.
16:23We need a massive surge in defense without any question.
16:27We want lasting peace but lasting peace can only be built on strength
16:33and strength begins with strengthening ourselves.
16:36That means a multi-hundred billion dollar hike in defense spending
16:41which oddly enough is likely to please the White House and improve relations with the U.S.
16:48Katie Nicholson, CBC News, Toronto.
16:51Authorities are for now ruling out a political or religious motive
16:55for an attack that killed two people and injured 11 in the German city of Mannheim.
17:00We have quote concrete indications that the perpetrator was mentally ill
17:08said the city's chief public prosecutor.
17:10The suspect allegedly rammed his car into a group of pedestrians
17:15and is now in hospital with a self-inflicted wound.
17:18Well the pope is coping tonight with two new respiratory crises.
17:23I wish him well to get well soon and I continue praying for him.
17:28More than two weeks into his hospital stay the Vatican says Francis is back to using
17:33an oxygen mask to help him breathe.
17:36Doctors also removed a substantial amount of mucus from his lungs
17:40but said this was not a sign of a new infection.
17:44Well Ontario is rolling out a new form of cervical cancer screening.
17:49Cervix cancer in Canada is really low because we have screening tests
17:54but it's the highest rising cancer in women because people aren't getting screened.
17:59Why experts say it can detect cancer sooner and with more accuracy.
18:03Next.
18:05Plus a small budget movie with a Canadian producer takes home the big prize.
18:10What a Nora's Oscar win means for independent filmmaking.
18:16And later the intimate moments of a polar bear family.
18:20As I was watching this mom and cub interact it reminded me a lot of my own home life.
18:26The remarkable video captured by a Manitoba tour guide.
18:30We're back in two minutes.
18:42A state of emergency is in effect in South Carolina.
18:45Wildfires led to hundreds of evacuations over the weekend.
18:49The fire is easing a bit tonight but still threatening
18:52including one near the popular tourist town of Myrtle Beach.
18:57Ontario is changing how it screens for cervical cancer.
19:00Starting today it's moving away from pap tests in favour of testing for HPV.
19:05Jennifer Yoon explains the move and why it could mean fewer trips to the doctor.
19:11Ontarians getting a cervical cancer screening may not notice the difference
19:16but starting Monday doctors will be using a more accurate test for the cancer
19:20which kills hundreds of Canadians every year.
19:23Cervix cancer in Canada is really low because we have screening tests
19:28but it's the highest rising cancer in women because people aren't getting screened.
19:33Here's a better test.
19:34The HPV test will now replace the pap test in Ontario
19:38following the lead of Quebec, BC and PEI.
19:42HPV is responsible for 95 percent of cervical cancers
19:46and the test gives doctors a sense of whether your cells could become cancerous in the future.
19:52The pap test only picks up abnormal cells that already exist.
19:57We can evaluate your cervix earlier and not wait for there to be harm
20:02so it gives us an idea of who to look at more closely and when to do that.
20:07The pap you go to the little circle.
20:08There's another benefit.
20:09A pap test needs to be done every three years.
20:12HPV tests can be done every five.
20:15But it still requires a pelvic exam which can be uncomfortable.
20:20I hate pelvic exams.
20:21History of trauma, cultural sensitivities.
20:25British Columbia tried to change that
20:27with less invasive self-testing kits you can do in the comfort of your own home.
20:32But it's not been perfect.
20:33Those deemed high risk could need a colposcopy
20:36a specialized procedure that looks more closely at the cervix.
20:40Since BC put in place self-testing there's been a backlog.
20:44We have been experiencing an increase in wait times to colposcopy
20:48as a result of the surge in screening and the surge in positive results.
20:53Despite that BC's program director says self-testing does work.
20:57It's accessible and accurate.
20:59Health officials in Ontario say they're looking at making self-tests
21:03widely available once they have more data.
21:06Jennifer Yoon, CBC News, Toronto.
21:09When a Nora took best picture at the Oscars last night
21:12it wasn't just a win for a Canadian producer
21:15but also for low budget filmmakers everywhere.
21:19You have an academy that is younger than it was 10 years ago
21:23more worldly if you will and I think that makes a big difference.
21:28While the Oscars are warming up to independent movies
21:32plus uncertainty about what a trade war with the U.S. could really mean.
21:36How will Canada respond to the tariffs after they are applied?
21:39I know we speak of targeted tariffs but what does this really mean for Canadians?
21:45We take on your questions about those tariffs.
21:49And the message Volodymyr Zelensky was trying to get across
21:53before Friday's Oval Office dust up.
21:56Things are getting more dangerous I think for Ukraine by the hour.
21:59The security guarantees Ukraine needs now more than ever.
22:03The National takes you deeper into stories shaping our world next.
22:14It's part of our history and we're making it official today.
22:18Quebec is marking the 150th anniversary of the first official indoor hockey game
22:23played in Montreal in 1875.
22:26This commemorative plaque was unveiled to mark the moment that
22:30inspired the modern game and Canada's national winter sport.
22:34The ceremony held on the same grounds where the rink once stood.
22:39Well tennis legend Serena Williams now has a stake in Canada's first WNBA team
22:45the Toronto Tempo.
22:46Her role as part of the ownership group will include the team's future jersey designs
22:51and merchandise collaborations.
22:53The Tempo will make its debut in the 2026 season.
22:57Anora, a small budget movie won big on Hollywood's biggest night
23:02taking home five Oscars including Best Picture.
23:05As Magda Gabrusilasa tells us this is a big step forward for independent films.
23:11Long live independent film.
23:12Yeah.
23:12This year's Oscars proves that bigger doesn't mean better.
23:16Anora, a film about a sex worker made for six million dollars U.S.
23:21low budget by Hollywood standards won five trophies including Best Picture.
23:26We always jump into these projects knowing that we will have to compete with budgets
23:33and films that have budgets that are literally almost a hundred times what we are
23:38what we've shot our film for when we're actually able to do that
23:42it means that we're doing something right.
23:45There were other indie films that got it right too.
23:48The animated feature Flow made for less than four million dollars
23:52took home Latvia's first Oscar.
23:55The Brutalist was another big winner snagging three trophies with a budget of about 10 million.
24:01You just have to squeeze a lot of juice out of that lemon.
24:03These are yours.
24:04Yes.
24:05Its director says its limited budget came with creative benefits and challenges.
24:10I never you know wish that I had you know 40 million dollars more.
24:14I would have liked to have an additional one or two million dollars so that everyone was paid
24:18you know properly and we didn't have to work seven days a week.
24:22It's important to me to make films for a reasonable number so that I can continue to really you know
24:32make progressive films.
24:34Oscars more diverse voting body has opened more doors says this film critic.
24:40You have an academy that is younger than it was 10 years ago more worldly if you will
24:47and I think that makes a big difference in in these the celebration of indie cinema
24:53and the selection of films that was nominated here.
24:56This year's winners hope this is just the beginning.
24:59Onora's Canadian producer is calling on future filmmakers to follow in their footsteps.
25:05To all of the dreamers and the young filmmakers out there tell the stories you want to tell.
25:09Magda Gebbers-Alessa, CBC News, Toronto.
25:13Now it's time to dig deeper into the stories shaping our world.
25:16Tonight Donald Trump's global impact in Ukraine, Russia and right here at home.
25:24One thing lost in the chaos of Friday's Trump-Zelensky meeting
25:28was the message Ukraine's president was trying to deliver.
25:32Of course we want to stop the war.
25:33But you're saying you don't want to see it.
25:35I want to see it.
25:37Why security guarantees are so important.
25:40But first.
25:42After weeks of uncertainty Donald Trump says tariffs are coming Tuesday on all Canadian products.
25:49The tariffs you know they're all set they go into effect tomorrow.
25:53You asked us a lot of questions on prices, spending power and jobs.
25:57So our panel is here.
25:58Let's get you some answers.
26:00Here to help us out tonight CBC News Washington correspondent Alex Panetta.
26:04The Washington Post's Amanda Coletta and Ian Lee from Carleton University.
26:08So let's dive right in.
26:10Our first question is from Andre in Ontario.
26:13Let's have a listen.
26:15How long will it take for the tariffs to start affecting the price on the shelves?
26:19Will it take one month?
26:21Will it take two months?
26:22Thanks so much.
26:23Okay Ian that one is is the crux of the whole conversation right?
26:26So I'm going to send that one to you.
26:29It's an excellent question and I think the the evidence is quite clear and
26:34Grant with all the caveats that it depends on the industry and the product markets and so forth.
26:38Having said that over the last 20 years we've gone to very very lean production systems
26:45named after the famous story of lean production in Toyota that pioneered lean production and so
26:50what this means in plain English is that stores, manufacturers, distributors,
26:55everybody in the supply chain carries as minimal an amount of inventory as possible.
27:00Inventory is costly, it's expensive, it gets damaged when it's sitting around
27:05and so companies and everybody in the supply chain has very small amounts on hand.
27:11That's why the trucks are rolling up every day at the shoppers, drug marts and at the Loblaws
27:15and at the Home Depot and that sort of thing.
27:17So I'm going to go out on a limb and say probably within a week or so.
27:20Yikes that's quick.
27:21Okay another very useful question here from a woman named Barbara in British Columbia.
27:26She says quite often I buy Mexican fruits and some vegetables which usually come by ground from
27:32there. Will the United States impose tariffs on goods which pass through their country and
27:37on to Canada or will they shut down the border for the goods passing through?
27:41So Amanda I confess this hadn't even occurred to me.
27:44What are your thoughts about that?
27:46So I spoke to a couple of customs brokers and other experts today and without getting into
27:52all of the technicalities what they said is that generally speaking if Mexican produce is loaded
27:57onto a Mexican truck or train and it travels to Canada through the United States by ground
28:05it would probably enter what's called a U.S. foreign trade zone and not be subject to tariffs.
28:10And this is because those Mexican goods are you know still Mexican origin originated.
28:19Even though they are passing through the United States they are not entering the U.S. domestic
28:23market in any sort of legal sense.
28:26The transaction is between Canada and Mexico.
28:29Neither has said they will impose tariffs on each other's goods.
28:32They're still you know following Kuzma and so a tariff would generally not be applied.
28:37They would expect.
28:38Okay that's useful.
28:39Certainly all those people who you know go to buy oranges and are looking for where they came from.
28:43If they came from Mexico that will be a relief.
28:45Alex you're next.
28:46This one is from Judith in Saskatoon.
28:50If tariffs on Canadian goods are hard on Americans why do we want to levy reciprocal tariffs?
29:00Do we really want to punish Canadians who will already be tipped into recession?
29:06I know we speak of targeted tariffs but what does this really mean for Canadians?
29:12Alex.
29:14Judith you are absolutely correct and it's why you get such different answers
29:18depending on whether you're talking to certain economists versus you know trade practitioners.
29:22You know sometimes you'll hear an economist say exactly what you just said.
29:25So the counter tariffs are like you want to shoot yourself in the foot.
29:28Okay I'll shoot myself in the foot too.
29:31Whereas some people who do trade negotiation are like well no you need to do something.
29:35Otherwise you're that kid in the schoolyard just advertising you know kick me.
29:39Inviting further beatings.
29:40So the idea here is that it's a deterrent.
29:42So what will Canada hit?
29:43Canada's target list spreads around the pain a little bit.
29:46Between products where we are not reliant on the United States.
29:49Meat, dairy.
29:50Products where we can source those goods elsewhere.
29:53Wine, coffee, peanut butter.
29:55And yes products where we will feel some pain.
29:58Tomatoes, citrus for example.
29:59It'll hurt there perhaps.
30:00But the idea is you spread it around to ease the pain
30:03and not spend the rest of your life wearing a kick me sign.
30:07And so it also sort of satisfies that emotional urge right?
30:10To be seen to be you know as you say not just turning the other cheek.
30:14We haven't-
30:15Adrian, can I jump in on that?
30:17You bet.
30:19I want to put forward the other point of view.
30:22Governor Macklem gave an unbelievably superb speech
30:26February 21st to Oakville Chamber of Commerce.
30:30And he outlined very empirically and factually the extraordinary destructive impact
30:37of tariffs on the economy.
30:38On investment.
30:39On inflation.
30:40On the price of goods.
30:42And I went through that speech.
30:44The written document very very carefully multiple times.
30:47I couldn't find any redeeming arguments to support retaliatory tariffs.
30:52They're going to be very destructive for us.
30:55And so putting a tariff on top of tariffs.
30:58And remember the Canadian tariffs will be on Canadians.
31:02So when the government says $100 billion or $200 billion
31:05that's a tax on Canadians.
31:08And then the argument is is that somehow going to cause Mr. Trump to change his mind.
31:14And you know it's such a huge economy.
31:16We say these amounts are large.
31:17$100 billion is a big amount.
31:19The U.S. economy is 20 somewhere between 25 and 30 trillion dollars
31:25depending on how you measure GDP without getting into the weeds.
31:28So you know $100 billion on a 25 to 30 trillion dollar economy
31:33is like finding a loonie on the sidewalk and thinking you've made it rich.
31:38It's statistically insignificant.
31:41But again Ian do you think this is just an emotional thing
31:44as opposed to maybe the argument you're hearing from Premier Ford
31:47which is that okay we're going to turn off the energy.
31:50I mean would that be more effective?
31:54As you can see I think that retaliatory tariffs are very destructive to ourselves.
31:58I think that I don't agree with the Premier when he said there's no other alternative.
32:01There's many other alternatives.
32:03You know getting rid of inter-provincial trade barriers.
32:06Cutting off the electricity is certainly shall we say a much more draconian response.
32:11And I think it will have a greater impact
32:13because it is going to impact on the the border states that import electricity.
32:19So yes they will feel it much more so than the impact of Canadian tariffs on Canadian taxpayers.
32:24Jane from BC wants to know
32:27Donald Trump keeps saying that the U.S. is subsidizing Canada.
32:31He and some other Americans talk as if Canada is on the U.S. welfare system.
32:35Can you explain in the simplest terms how this is not true?
32:39Alex?
32:40I want to begin with the counter argument.
32:42Is there a kernel of truth there?
32:44Maybe a small one.
32:46Is it a gross exaggeration?
32:47Yes.
32:48So he's talking about two things.
32:49He's talking about the trade deficit and he's talking about U.S. defense spending.
32:52On trade the United States buys more from Canada than we buy from them.
32:55Fine.
32:56Last year that trade deficit was something like 63 billion U.S. dollars.
33:00As for defense well you know the Americans figure that you know Canada probably skips out
33:04on about 30 billion dollars a year in defense spending simply assuming the U.S. will protect it.
33:09So what Trump does is he takes these numbers and he distorts them.
33:12He multiplies them like multiple times and he ignores inconvenient details
33:17like the Canadian trade deficit goes up and it falls with the price of oil.
33:21So like I said there's a kernel of truth there but he distorts it beyond all recognition.
33:25Okay one last question.
33:26It comes from Jay Hao and some friends in B.C.
33:29Amanda this one is for you.
33:30Have a listen.
33:31Hello The National.
33:32I am Benjamin.
33:33This is Jay Han.
33:34This is Augustus and we are high school students in Coquitlam, B.C.
33:38Our question is how will Canada respond to the tariffs after they are applied?
33:42And how does this change our diplomatic situation with the United States?
33:46Okay and thanks to all of you guys.
33:48Amanda I'm going to throw that one to you.
33:50So ultimately I think it will depend on what exactly we see come down from the White House.
33:56In terms of the bilateral relationship in my lifetime you know there have always been
34:02bilateral irritants in the relationship but I can't really remember a time when
34:07ties have been as strained as they are now.
34:11When I've talked to Canadian officials you know before Trump
34:15they would often say that it was a struggle to get American lawmakers to pay attention to Canada
34:20because the relationship was so kind of smooth
34:23and they had foreign policy challenges elsewhere that required more of their attention.
34:27Now we have a president who you know is not just threatening a trade war.
34:32He's threatening using economic coercion to make Canada a 51st state who has this
34:38fixation about Canada and is talking about the country on an almost daily basis.
34:42So I think there is a real frustration that Canadian officials don't really know
34:46the president's end game and these are just the first tariffs that might come into effect.
34:51There's steel and aluminum tariffs.
34:53There's auto tariffs.
34:54There's a whole range of other tariffs with different deadlines and different justifications
34:59you know coming down the road.
35:00Well that's something to look forward to.
35:02Alex, Amanda, Ian thank you all so very much.
35:06Pleasure, Adrienne.
35:10And please keep sending us your questions to thenationalatcbc.ca
35:15whether it's about tariffs or Trump's repeated 51st state comments.
35:19We will keep trying to get you some answers.
35:23Coming up.
35:24Before the White House confrontation that shocked the world
35:27Ukraine's president had been trying to deliver a message.
35:31Of course we want to stop the war.
35:32But you're saying you don't want a ceasefire.
35:33But I said to you.
35:34I want a ceasefire.
35:35With guarantees.
35:37Breaking down what Ukraine needs from the U.S. for a peace deal to actually take shape.
35:42That's next.
35:45You
35:55The simmering differences that boiled over in the Oval Office on Friday obscured Volodymyr
36:01Zelensky's main point that Ukraine needs security guarantees as part of any deal.
36:06You don't have the cards right now.
36:08With us you start having cards.
36:10Right now you don't have your playing cards.
36:13We'll break down how the past has shaped Ukraine's suspicion about diplomatic promises.
36:19Ellen Morrow looks back at the broken deals that are driving Ukraine's demand
36:24even in the face of threats from the White House.
36:27Of course we want to stop the war.
36:29But you're saying you don't want a ceasefire.
36:30But I said to you.
36:31I want a ceasefire.
36:32With guarantees.
36:33In the chaos of that Oval Office shouting match
36:35Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky's message was easily drowned out.
36:40Just a ceasefire will not never work.
36:43That there can be no real peace in Ukraine unless the U.S.
36:46guarantees the country's security against Russian President Vladimir Putin.
36:51Zelensky arguing.
36:5225 times he broken his own signature.
36:5825 times he broken ceasefire.
36:59Nobody stopped him.
37:01Zelensky's frustration is rooted in a history of diplomatic disappointment.
37:05Here's a look back at that past shaping his present desperation for U.S. security guarantees.
37:14During the Cold War Ukraine at the time a republic of the Soviet Union
37:19was home to the third largest nuclear arsenal in the world.
37:23After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991
37:26complicated negotiations began for Ukraine to give the weapons back to Russia.
37:31We'll now sign the memorandum on security assurances for Ukraine.
37:35Leading to the Budapest Memorandum of 1994.
37:39Budapest Memorandum is really dirty.
37:42Two dirty words in Ukraine.
37:44It is synonymous with betrayal.
37:48It is synonymous with fecklessness.
37:51Here's why.
37:52Ukraine saw the agreement as a weapons for security swap.
37:56It agreed to give up an estimated 1,900 nuclear warheads and other weaponry to Russia.
38:01In exchange the U.S., U.K. and Russia agreed to several conditions
38:06including respecting the existing borders of Ukraine
38:09and refraining from the use of force against the territorial integrity of Ukraine.
38:15This is a hopeful and historic breakthrough that enhances the security of all three parties
38:21and every other nation as well.
38:23But now after Russia's full-scale invasion.
38:26I feel terrible about it.
38:27Bill Clinton regrets his role in Ukraine giving up the nuclear weapons.
38:32Budapest didn't make any firm promises of aid if Ukraine was ever attacked
38:36and experts argue it was interpreted weakly by Ukraine's allies.
38:41Ukraine tried to insert these clauses during the negotiations.
38:45It tried to say, okay, there would be a sanction regime.
38:47There would be military assistance to Ukraine
38:51but the United States rejected that proposal.
38:55The Ukrainians gave up their own security, long-term security for a very flimsy promise.
39:06Fast forward to 2014 and a blatant violation of the memorandum.
39:11Unidentified Russian soldiers moved into Ukraine's Crimean peninsula
39:15leading to its annexation.
39:18Later there was full-scale fighting in eastern Ukraine spurred by Russian-backed separatists.
39:25Despite the spirit of the Budapest memorandum
39:29there was little consequence for the Russian aggression.
39:32Western nations hitting Russia with sanctions
39:35but no direct military aid for Ukraine until years later.
39:39Ukrainians kind of woke up to the reality.
39:41We've given up nuclear weapons in exchange for this document.
39:45Now does it matter for anything?
39:48He occupied our parts, big parts of Ukraine.
39:53A fact Zelensky pointed to in the Oval Office.
39:57During 2014 nobody stopped him.
39:59He just occupied and took.
40:01He killed people.
40:03Zelensky also referenced this moment in 2019.
40:07Putin agreeing to implement a full ceasefire in eastern Ukraine
40:11in talks brokered by France and Germany.
40:14In 2019 I signed with him the deal.
40:18I signed with him, Macron and Merkel.
40:21We signed ceasefire.
40:23But after that he broke this ceasefire.
40:27Then in February 2022, just over two years later
40:31the brutal full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces.
40:36Any deal to end it, Zelensky argues, must be stronger than those of the past.
40:42You hear that in Ukraine all the time.
40:43We'll never accept another Budapest memorandum.
40:45It has to be something more robust than that.
40:48A point he tried to make hours after the Oval Office blow-up appearing on Fox News.
40:53Just a ceasefire without security guarantees is so sensitive for our people.
40:58And they just want to hear that America on our side
41:02and that America will stay with us, not with Russia, with us.
41:06Zelensky's answer is a critical minerals deal with the U.S.,
41:10trying to leverage Ukraine's vast resource wealth
41:13for strong U.S.-backed security guarantees.
41:17The problem is I've empowered you to be a tough guy
41:21and I don't think you'd be a tough guy without the United States.
41:25But that hope under Donald Trump and after Friday is particularly precarious
41:31with the U.S. president now pausing desperately needed military aid to Ukraine.
41:36If Mr. Putin doesn't have any solid red lines in front of him
41:40that are enforced by the United States
41:43in a way the skies are literally the limit.
41:46Things are getting more dangerous I think for Ukraine by the hour.
41:51So as you heard there from Ellen
41:52those security guarantees may be even further away tonight.
41:56In putting the pause on military aid to Ukraine
41:59the White House says it wants, in its words, to ensure it is contributing to a solution.
42:07Coming up some striking images in Canada's north.
42:10A mother and cub sharing a little quality time.
42:13What a beautiful place we are in.
42:17All the scene was missing was a can of coke.
42:19How a Manitoba tour guide captured these intimate scenes next in our moment.
42:30Well look at these two.
42:31A polar bear mother and her young cub spotted snuggling
42:34keeping warm in northern Manitoba.
42:37So tour guide Drew Hamilton had his camera rolling
42:40caught the whole thing on video
42:42so tonight these magnificent animals and their loving cuddles make our moment.
42:47Being able to share these intimate moments are where the connections happen.
42:52We got a call that the trackers had found a mom and cub.
42:56We pulled up and the cub started to get restless and started climbing around on mom
43:01and I've got a young one at home.
43:02So as I was watching this mom and cub interact
43:05it reminded me a lot of my own little one crawling all over.
43:10Everybody was just in the moment.
43:12These predators sharing these intimate moments.
43:16You feel in some ways removed in some ways more connected with the earth
43:20with everything that's going on around you.
43:22What a beautiful place we are in.
43:25It's got amazing northern lights and then the Churchill River.
43:29We've got 3,500 beluga whales.
43:31It's known as the polar bear capital of the world.
43:34You've got to make a trip to Churchill.
43:36We spent hours with this mom.
43:38All the scene was missing was a can of coke.
43:40It was a magical moment.
43:43Never hurts to be reminded how beautiful this country is, eh?
43:47So not easy to get that minus 50 degrees Celsius when he was taking those pictures
43:52and also he said in February of the 28 days
43:55there were 24 of them when the northern lights looked quite that beautiful.
43:59Again, what a place.
44:01From all of us at The National, thank you for being with us.
44:04You can watch anywhere, anytime on the free CBC News app
44:07and subscribe to The National's YouTube channel.
44:09I'm Adrienne Arsenault.
44:10Take care.