Mars pourrait être à des millions de kilomètres, mais il affecte secrètement les profondeurs océaniques de la Terre ! Les scientifiques ont découvert que l'attraction gravitationnelle de Mars a un impact minime mais réel sur les marées de notre planète. Sur de longues périodes, cette force pourrait influencer les courants des profondeurs marines et même les modèles climatiques. 🌍🌊 Bien que la Lune et le Soleil aient le plus grand effet sur nos marées, Mars apporte une petite poussée supplémentaire que les scientifiques commencent tout juste à comprendre. Cela pourrait changer ce que nous savons sur les cycles océaniques et le climat de la Terre. C'est fou de penser qu'une planète aussi lointaine puisse encore faire des vagues - littéralement ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Mars could, to our knowledge, disturb the abysses of our oceans.
00:04Located at 225 million kilometers from Earth,
00:08it was once considered too far away to exert any influence on us.
00:12However, this certainty has recently faded,
00:16with the observation of an unexpected butterfly effect.
00:19A modest gravitational attraction,
00:21of anodine origin,
00:23would end up generating huge whirlwinds in the marine depths.
00:26This hypothesis emerged when scientists
00:29looked at the analysis of nearly 300 drillings
00:32carried out in the ocean floor in the 1960s.
00:36Their goal was to evaluate the power of deep currents
00:39by examining the sediments,
00:41these deposits of sand or vases
00:42that have accumulated at the bottom of the seas for 65 million years.
00:46The ocean floor is made up of a superposition of sedimentary strata.
00:50When they follow a regular pattern,
00:52this indicates a progressive and uninterrupted accumulation of materials,
00:56indicating that the marine currents have remained relatively stable.
01:00However, researchers have found an anomaly.
01:02At certain precise times,
01:04no trace of sedimentation existed,
01:06which implied that an external factor had disrupted this natural process.
01:11The most plausible explanation lies in the existence of powerful underwater currents.
01:15Their intensity would have been such that they would have displaced the sediments from their initial location.
01:20But the most intriguing aspect of this discovery lies elsewhere.
01:24All the interrupted currents
01:26occurred over a constant interval of 2.4 million years.
01:31In total, 27 periods of rupture were identified,
01:36a phenomenon that could not be attributed to mere chance.
01:39The researchers then understood
01:41that they were not facing simple irregularities in the sediment deposits,
01:46but a cyclical phenomenon.
01:48According to the specialists,
01:50the only possible explanation is its origin in space
01:53and is part of the great astronomical cycles.
01:57To grasp this mechanism,
01:58it is necessary to first mention the cycles of Milankovitch.
02:01These cycles owe their name to the Serbian scientist who, a century ago,
02:05hypothesized that the variations in the orbital trajectory and the inclination of the Earth
02:10could influence its climate in the long term.
02:12The movements of our planet are not immutable
02:15and can be disturbed by various factors,
02:17notably by the gravitational influence of other stars.
02:20In normal time, the Earth's orbit around the Sun
02:23looks like an almost perfect circle.
02:25However, at regular intervals,
02:27this trajectory is affected by the attraction exerted by Jupiter and Saturn,
02:32which then deforms the orbit and gives it a more elliptical shape.
02:36Such modifications influence the quantity
02:38and distribution of solar energy received by our planet,
02:41which leads to climatic upheavals.
02:44According to Milankovitch's theory,
02:46these variations follow well-defined cycles
02:48of 405,000,
02:50100,000,
02:5141,000 and 23,000 years.
02:54It is assumed that these cycles
02:55are at the origin of the alternation
02:57between glacial and interglacial periods.
03:01This hypothesis, first theoretical,
03:03was validated in the 1970s,
03:05when scientists discovered evidence of these cyclic rhythms
03:09by analyzing marine sediments.
03:11More recent analyses have revealed that beyond Milankovitch's cycles,
03:14other climatic changes
03:16followed much more extensive cadences.
03:19Here, it is no longer a question of tens of billions of years,
03:22but of phenomena that spread over several million years.
03:25This is precisely what characterizes the great astronomical cycles
03:28mentioned above.
03:30Until now,
03:31our understanding of these phenomena
03:33was essentially based on mathematical and computer models.
03:37Finding geological clues
03:39attesting to the existence of these multi-millennial astronomical cycles
03:43and their influence on the Earth
03:45was a real challenge.
03:47But things have changed.
03:48The discoveries made at the bottom of the oceans
03:50could well provide the long-awaited proof.
03:53Indeed,
03:54the period of 2,400,000 years
03:56corresponds precisely to the traces of gravitational interaction
04:00between Earth and Mars.
04:01When these two planets follow their respective Zemir trajectories,
04:05their gravitational fields interact
04:07according to a phenomenon of resonance,
04:09just as is the case with Jupiter and Saturn.
04:12Periodically,
04:13the gravitational influence of Mars
04:15slightly disturbs the Earth's orbit,
04:17bringing our planet closer to the Sun.
04:20This phenomenon,
04:21like the Milankovitch cycles of shorter duration,
04:24has repercussions on the climate.
04:26It is translated by an increase in the solar radiation received by the Earth,
04:30causing a slight warming.
04:31However,
04:32scientists
04:33estimate that this addition of solar energy remains moderate.
04:38It is not a tumult
04:40such that our planet would become an inviolable furnace.
04:43Nevertheless,
04:44even a minimal climate change
04:45can have significant consequences,
04:47notably on ocean circulation.
04:50An increase in temperatures
04:52promotes the multiplication of large-scale storms,
04:55which generate whirlwinds
04:56capable of dragging sediments to oceanic abysses.
05:00These phenomena,
05:01comparable to immense underwater vortexes,
05:03play a key role in the dynamics of the seabed.
05:06The identification of these discontinuities
05:08in the sedimentary archives of the deep sea
05:10constitutes a major advance,
05:12probably the most solid confirmation to date
05:15of the existence of large astronomical cycles.
05:18As mentioned at the beginning of the video,
05:20this process recalls the butterfly effect.
05:23Every 2,400,000 years,
05:25the gravitational attraction of Mars
05:27modifies the Earth's orbit,
05:29causing a climate warming.
05:31This warming stimulates the formation of powerful underwater whirlwinds,
05:35which end up disrupting the dynamics of the deep sea.
05:38The cycles highlighted in this study
05:40also coincide with certain periods of climate warming
05:44already well documented in the history of the Earth,
05:46notably the famous thermal maximum of the Paleocene and Ocene.
05:51This episode,
05:52which occurred about 56 million years ago,
05:55led to an increase in temperatures of about 8°C.
05:58Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain the origin,
06:02whether it is an orbital disturbance
06:05or the passage of a comet.
06:06However,
06:07this new study suggests that Mars
06:09could also have played a role in this phenomenon.
06:12Although these results are particularly interesting and convincing,
06:16there is still a lot to do
06:17to establish a direct link
06:19between these astronomical cycles
06:20and deep ocean currents.
06:22Certainly,
06:23researchers have provided a plausible explanation
06:26to the gaps observed in marine sediments,
06:28but for the moment it is only a hypothesis to deepen.
06:32However,
06:32their success is crucial for the entire scientific community.
06:36Understanding precisely the moment
06:38when these great astronomical cycles occur
06:40and their effects on the Earth
06:42could be decisive.
06:43This would allow to better distinguish
06:45the climatic fluctuations
06:47of natural origin from those caused by human activity.
06:50The study of these oceanic whirlwinds
06:52also provides valuable information
06:54on the impact of climate change
06:56on the circulation of marine waters.
06:59This is what makes this discovery particularly important,
07:02especially in connection with a major threat,
07:05the possible collapse of the meridian circulation
07:07of the Atlantic.
07:09This oceanic current system
07:11ensures the redistribution of water masses in the Atlantic,
07:13transporting hot water to the north
07:15and cold water to the south.
07:17It thus plays a key role in the thermal regulation of the planet
07:21and in the supply of essential nutrients to marine life.
07:24However,
07:24some researchers fear a slowdown,
07:27even a stop of this mechanism,
07:28with potentially disastrous consequences.
07:31If this were to happen,
07:32the surface waters,
07:33rich in oxygen,
07:35would no longer merge with the deep waters,
07:37thus compromising the balance of the oceans.
07:39However,
07:40this possible link between Mars and the Earth
07:42opens a more optimistic perspective.
07:44It suggests that a climate warm-up
07:46could lead to an intensification of deep ocean currents,
07:50thus preventing the seas from stagnating.
07:52That said,
07:53this hypothesis remains fragile.
07:55The evidence is still lacking.
07:57Some skeptic experts
07:58recall that,
07:59although the activity of whirlwinds
08:01has indeed increased in recent decades,
08:03satellite observations
08:05show that their currents do not systematically reach the abysses
08:08and do not always guarantee efficient water circulation.
08:12For now,
08:13it is impossible to determine.
08:14Only future research
08:16will allow us to know who is right.