Is the most popular app in the world working for the Chinese government? Episode 2: Under Donald Trump’s mandate, Chinese tech-giant Huawei is accused of spying. This marks a turning point in Sino-American relations and TikTok is drawn into an economic confrontation between the two countries.
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00:00Tiktok is becoming one of the most popular applications in the world.
00:26Since 2020, she has become the main competitor of the only social networks that existed until then, those of the Silicon Valley.
00:36In becoming this major rival, Tiktok will exacerbate the confrontation between China and the United States.
00:47How is the American power going to riposte?
00:51Is it possible to reduce the famous Chinese social network to better oppose Pekin and set up its supremacy?
00:59To discover it, we need to go back to the very beginning of the first President Trump's first mandate.
01:06A time where Tiktok does not yet cause concern.
01:11But this will not last.
01:14I want to tell the world community that we will always put America's interests first.
01:20America will no longer settle for anything less than the best.
01:25America will be able to name another country of Central Russia.
01:32If you really might be an invisible nation, it would be the 2-shoulding of the country.
01:37The 1st of the American power of Central Russia
01:42is the 2-shoulding of the United States of America.
01:45The American power of Central Russia will be able to tell that the American power of Central Russia
04:02Under the Trump administration, the economic competition really came to the fore.
04:11And this is where the Trump administration shone a really bright light on China issues.
04:16The Trump administration was the disruptor.
04:20Mr. President, thank you very much.
04:22It's an honor to be with you.
04:24Our meeting last night was absolutely terrific.
04:31Our dinner was beyond that.
04:34And we enjoyed every minute of it with your beautiful wife and Melania together.
04:40We'll be right back together.
04:52C'est parti.
04:53C'est parti.
04:54C'est parti.
04:55C'est parti.
04:56C'est parti.
04:57C'est parti.
04:58Dans ce cas, tout ce qu'on m'a dit « le spectre de l'immobilier » a fixé la ligne
04:59de conduite de son administration.
05:00Pékin n'est plus un partenaire.
05:02Il est désormais un concurrent, voire un véritable adversaire.
05:03C'est alors qu'une surprenante affaire d'espionnage, impliquant justement une entreprise chinoise,
05:14fait irruption aux Etats-Unis.
05:19nuclear weapons posed by Chinese cell phone technology from Huawei.
05:27Cette société, du nom de Huawei, est un géant.
05:32Téléphones portables, réseaux, EA, cloud, big data.
05:37Présente partout dans le monde,
05:38elle a bâti un véritable empire dans les télécommunications.
05:42I saw firsthand some of the work that Huawei is doing here in the US.
05:46L'homme à l'origine de cette révélation s'appelle Brendan Carr.
05:53Il est commissaire à la Federal Communication Commission,
05:57une autorité indépendante.
06:01À ce titre, il a la haute main sur l'ensemble de la politique américaine
06:06en matière de télécommunication.
06:16Maelstrom Air Force Base, which is up in Great Falls, Montana.
06:24There's nothing up there except wheat field, open land,
06:29and ICBM missile silos that are dotted all throughout Maelstrom Air Force Base.
06:40And up there, we found that there was high-power, high-performance Huawei gear
06:43that was on all of these cell phone towers throughout that area.
06:48That didn't really make sense in terms of having that sophisticated level of technology
06:53in an area that had nothing up there except those ICBM missile fields.
06:59That was one of the red flags that we saw early on with Huawei.
07:05Chinese ICT equipment in general can be used to spy on American citizens,
07:11surveil sensitive locations, military sites, things like that.
07:15But also that that can lead to some form of sabotage.
07:20The US attention has been in all of the areas where it's greatly exposed
07:25to Chinese equipment, to Chinese services,
07:27and where it needs to unwind those critical dependencies.
07:35Ces sociétés chinoises n'inquiètent pas seulement les États-Unis.
07:40Début mai 2019, à Prague, se tient une conférence internationale
07:44consacrée à l'installation des réseaux de télécommunications
07:48de dernière génération.
07:50La fameuse 5G, dont Huawei veut être un des principaux opérateurs
07:56à travers le monde.
07:57Yes, there is a threat, a very real, sustained, and variable threat.
08:04So it matters that we confront fear and promote rational risk management.
08:10We need to change the way we think about security and cyber.
08:14To understand that security of 5G is not just about cell phones or several companies.
08:21In addition to attacks by criminals, we see increasingly the use of malicious cyber-activities
08:29by state actors.
08:30Quelques jours après cette conférence, le président Trump passe à l'action.
08:43We convinced many countries, many countries, and I did this myself for the most part,
08:50not to use Huawei, because we think it's an unsafe security risk.
08:55It's a big security risk, and I talked many countries out of using it.
09:00If they want to do business with us, they can't use it.
09:06That's the basic idea, this idea of clean networks, that you want to purge U.S. critical infrastructure,
09:12not only U.S., but also partner critical infrastructure, of Chinese telecom equipment,
09:18ICT equipment in general.
09:20And that is something that has been carried through during the Biden administration,
09:23and we'll continue on into the next.
09:30En excluant Huawei, les États-Unis envoient un signal clair au régime chinois.
09:36Désormais, les relations entre les deux pays relèvent de ce qu'on appelle le decoupling
09:42ou le de-risking.
09:43You can choose the buzzword of the day, whether it's decoupling or de-risking.
09:52The idea is that certain linkages need to be unwound.
09:56And that is what's happening.
10:03So yes, this is a form of decoupling, and we're not just talking telecom infrastructure.
10:08Semiconductor controls, for example, have been a major focus.
10:12Now we're just in this more expansive territory of governing data flows, right?
10:19Not just the data flows, but the internet plumbing that enables the movement of data flows across borders.
10:26We should also say from the Chinese perspective, I mean, Xi Jinping had pursued a policy made in China, you know, 2025.
10:35And then, you know, increasingly looking at how can China be less dependent on the United States particularly.
10:41So China also has, comes to the same conclusion that they need to de-risk or decouple.
10:46Donald Trump s'interroge.
10:56Now that the economic confrontation with Pékin is becoming secure, so geopolitical,
11:02what do you think of TikTok, who stops to seduce new users to the United States?
11:08Do you think of Huawei again?
11:09Huawei, that would mean that the social network, far from being a mondial company,
11:15would not have been romp with the Chinese regime.
11:22An old chief of the director of Google, Jacob Elberg, invited to debate in June 2020,
11:28in publishing in the very renowned foreign policy, an article that the title appelle to a general mobilization.
11:34I realized that a pervasive feature of international politics was that authoritarian adversaries
11:45were increasingly using commercial civilian platforms against democracies,
11:50but that the current public debate wasn't appropriately capturing the dynamics at work.
11:55The media was very focused on Russia, but China, on the hardware side,
12:03was increasingly using its influence in order to advance its geopolitical interests.
12:14I try to focus on the climate of the era, not the weather of the day.
12:20So, I talk to policymakers and technology leaders about big picture trends.
12:27In each instance, I made the case that TikTok amounted to a national security threat.
12:37Le nouveau lobbyiste partage la détermination de l'administration Trump,
12:42qui veut tirer au clair la réalité des liens entre TikTok et sa maison-mère, Biden's, et donc Pékin.
12:50The biggest differences in the market is in the United States.
12:51One of the great difficulties that researchers have when looking into TikTok
12:57is that it's essentially a black box.
12:59And the temptation for the Chinese Communist Party,
13:03which holds enormous leverage over ByteDance,
13:06is to put their thumb on the scale.
13:09There's not a meaningful distinction between ByteDance and TikTok.
13:14Very complicated corporate structure that nobody understands.
13:17An old engineer at Google, Patrick Spaulding Ryan worked at TikTok between 2020 and 2022.
13:47In that particular department, you know, which reports all the way up to China, it's a very heavy Chinese culture. A lot of the engineers are Chinese.
14:02In fact, I was the most senior non-Chinese person in that role, for sure.
14:10It is pretty wild to see such like a big office space in the U.S. being predominantly Chinese and just employing Chinese software engineers.
14:34Some of them are transferred to the U.S. from Biden's China offices.
14:40Some of them are Chinese nationals studying or working in the U.S. hired by the company.
14:47Hey, good morning, guys. My name's Kevin, and this is my day in life as a software engineer on TikTok.
14:52It's almost like an enclave of Chinese people.
14:57And according to my sources, they have meetings with the Chinese staff all the time.
15:06Sometimes within their work meeting or their work documents, they would just even switch to Mandarin to communicate.
15:14Cette culture d'entreprise chinoise est aussi omniprésente dans certaines méthodes de travail.
15:29Journaliste d'investigation au magazine Fortune, Alexandra Sternlicht a enquêté sur la spécificité d'un outil bureautique utilisé par les salariés de TikTok ici, aux États-Unis.
15:43Le système Lark, une création de Bidens.
15:51Lark is basically a super app.
15:54It's where all TikTok employees communicate.
15:57So they have messaging, they have video, they have workflows.
16:00Meeting time? Lark meetings provides easy but powerful content sharing capabilities.
16:06But in China, it's called Feishu.
16:11And my source tells me that Lark and Feishu are basically identical.
16:17So Feishu, the product, came up with a non-China brand called Lark.
16:25And it's very similar to what happened in the case of TikTok and Douyin.
16:30And it has two names, like everything you've seen here.
16:33It's a little confusing, but it has two different names.
16:35It has Lark as a name and Feishu as a name.
16:38Here's what's important.
16:39All of that infrastructure, all of the Feishu infrastructure is based in China.
16:43And it's a really interesting problem because the Bidens executives won't admit it.
16:49But it's incredibly obvious that it is.
16:52So that means that any user data that's shared on Lark could potentially be accessed by its Chinese parent and people in China, which we don't have oversight of.
17:08So if TikTok employees are trying to solve some sort of issue involving a user, that could be seen by people in China.
17:22TikTok n'a donc pas rompu ses liens avec la Chine.
17:26Sa gouvernance reste dépendante de sa maison mère.
17:30Dès lors, la question cruciale qui se pose est celle de la destination des données générées par les utilisateurs américains.
17:39Des données directement liées à leur identité.
17:45A lot of people look at TikTok and they think it's just a fun application for sharing dance videos and other memes.
17:52But the reality is, it operates as a very sophisticated surveillance technology.
17:58It pulls everything from search and browsing history, keystroke patterns, potentially biométrics.
18:04On a du mal à concevoir en fait la quantité d'inférences qui sont possibles avec l'accumulation de ces données.
18:13Parce que lorsqu'on donne par exemple accès à ces contacts, on peut recréer des graphes sociaux notamment.
18:21On peut savoir qui est ami avec qui, qui est en contact avec qui.
18:24Et ça, c'est notamment les données qui sont très sensibles en fait.
18:28Avec cette masse de données, il serait possible pour TikTok, ou en tout cas ceux qui tireraient les ficelles derrière ou qui en bénéficieraient,
18:38de se construire une image assez fidèle et à la fois assez précise de la population américaine,
18:44de certains segments de la population américaine ou de personnes qui occuperaient des postes sensibles.
18:49Donc on voit qu'en fait ici, TikTok apparaît bien comme un acteur type Huawei.
18:55Une espèce de cheval de troie piloté par le Parti communiste.
19:00Et donc, c'est là où va la logique, suit les intérêts stratégiques du Parti communiste chinois.
19:06Merci.
19:07Merci.
19:08Merci.
19:09Merci.
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19:53Merci.
19:54Merci.
19:55Merci.
19:56Merci.
19:57Merci.
19:58Merci.
19:59We're looking at TikTok.
20:00We may be banning TikTok.
20:02We may be doing some other things or a couple of options but a lot of things are happening so we'll see what happens but we are looking at a lot of alternatives with respect to TikTok.
20:14Début août 2020 Donald Trump détaille son plan si Biden ne cède pas TikTok et donc son algorithme si puissant à une entreprise américaine dans les 45 jours l'application ne sera plus téléchargeable depuis les Etats-Unis tout simplement.
20:44Comment peut réagir le régime chinois alors qu'il revendique officiellement tout du moins que TikTok est une société indépendante de Bidens donc du parti communiste.
21:00Quant à TikTok, je veux encore préciser que les Etats-Unis sont les mêmes.
21:17Le 14 septembre 2020, Xi Jinping annonce sa décision.
21:23Elle est sans appel.
21:25Accepter la vente de TikTok, ce serait céder son précieux algorithme.
21:29Donc, porter atteinte à la sécurité du régime.
21:32Il n'en est pas question.
21:34TikTok ne sera pas vendu.
21:36Il y a de l' Gerry du règne.
21:37Il y a un modèle.
21:38Écoutez-vous.
21:39Il y a un modèle d'accompagnshore.
21:40Il y a un modèle que je veux dire.
21:41Il y a un modèle d'accompagnshore, il y a un modèle d'accompagn nylon privé.
21:42Y a un modèle d'accompagnshore, il y a un modèle d'accompagnishops de la ду � springcha.
21:43Le 8 septembre 2021, le 8000-20, il y a un modèle !
21:44Il y a un modèle d'accompagnSabance.
21:46Il y a un modèle d'accompagnША.
21:47Il y a un modèle.
21:48Il y a un modèle d'accompagn buttery en route.
21:49Il faut le 3 à une jeune, un modèle d'accompagn reservations.
21:50Il y a deux.
21:51They are very
21:58in the world.
21:59They are the God of God.
22:01They are the people who are the people of the world.
22:03This is what the Chinese government should do.
22:05Some technologies can't be sold out.
22:08Some technologies, including TikTok's plan,
22:13are the tools we don't have to be sold out.
22:18So if there is any divestment of the company, under Chinese law, the algorithm cannot go with the app, which is essentially like having a Ferrari and taking the engine out of it.
22:35It's the algorithm of the recommendation of TikTok, which is considered as a strategic asset, as a form of crown, and not, to properly speak, the commercial activities of TikTok through its global expansion.
22:52In taking such a decision, the Chinese regime recognizes, for the first time, that TikTok is well under Biden's authority, his mother-in-law, on which he decides to strengthen even a little bit more his emprise.
23:07With this unique percentage, the party puts one of its members to the administration's council.
23:36Un certain Wu Chugang, représentant du CAC, l'administration du cyberespace chinois.
23:45Quelques mois plus tard, Chang Yiming est, comme par hasard, débarqué du groupe qu'il a créé à peine dix ans plus tôt, et valorisé à 300 milliards de dollars.
23:59L'histoire de Biden, et donc de TikTok, s'écrira désormais sans lui.
24:04Et c'est le PCC qui en devient l'auteur principal.
24:23Dès son entrée en fonction début 2021, Joe Biden hérite de l'encombrant dossier TikTok que son prédécesseur a finalement renoncé à interdire.
24:34Il n'est pas simple, en effet, de supprimer un réseau social utilisé désormais par 150 millions d'Américains.
24:47Surtout, le nouveau président sait que l'affrontement systémique avec la Chine gagnera en intensité.
24:54Il ne se fait aucune illusion sur la possibilité d'un rapprochement avec Xi Jinping.
24:58Il n'est pas très bright, il n'est pas très fort, il n'est pas une critique, c'est juste une réalité, il n'a pas une démocratique d'un corps qui n'a pas une démocratique d'un corps.
25:09Il n'est pas très fort, il n'est pas très fort.
25:10Quand le président Biden a l'arrivée, il a eu des choix, entre l'adresse de l'adresse de Trump, ou l'adresse de l'adresse d'un corps, il n'est pas un peu plus de l'adresse d'un corps.
25:17Il n'est pas un peu plus de l'adresse d'un corps qui a été fait.
25:19Il n'a pas un peu plus de l'adresse d'un corps qui a été fait.
25:21Il n'est pas un peu plus de l'adresse d'un corps qui a été fait.
25:49Il n'est pas un peu plus d'un corps qui a été fait.
25:59Le fue passé du temps de l'adresse d'un corps.
26:02Il n'est pas un envie d'un corps qui irait à s'en mettre en salle d'un corps qui conquérera le plus de l'adresse d'un corps.
26:18see you tomorrow
26:20confronté à cette aggravation des tensions entre les deux pays tiktok se dote en mai 2021 d'un
26:44nouveau président censé être parfaitement americano compatible hi everyone it's show here i'm the
26:51ceo of tiktok il s'appelle chou chaud il est âgé de 39 ans chouchou grew up in singapore he was
27:00educated in the u.s and his wife is american so chouchou is a really really interesting hire
27:08because it represents like the pressions of biden's leadership at the time because they
27:15almost predicted that to keep growing on the global stage they would need a representative
27:21they would need a face of the company who has no chinese background speak fluent english and can
27:28be very presentable to the western politicians and investors and show true is that person
27:35le nouveau dirigeant met alors en place le projet appelé texas désormais les données des utilisateurs
27:44américains ne seront plus stockés en chine mais aux états unis dans des data centers administrés
27:50par la société américaine oracle coût de l'opération un milliard et demi de dollars
27:56what we did was we built an unprecedented project where we localize american data to be stored on
28:04american soil by an american company overseen by american personnel so this this kind of protection for
28:11for american data is beyond what any other company in our industry has ever done tiktok is trying really
28:17hard to show that they are independent of their parents by dance they appointed a singapore born
28:27executive they moved the headquarters in the us to la they walled off american data in oracle servers
28:35that are based in texas spending 1.5 billion dollars to do that those are all really big moves
28:42mais en juin 2022 une enquête de buzzfeed un média en ligne américain vient percuter ce bel
28:50édifice l'article fait état de 80 enregistrements de réunions internes au cours desquels un des
28:57participants assure la chine voit tout pire même un ingénieur basé à pékin surnommé master admin
29:06aurait lui aussi accès à tout c'est à tout c'est à tout c'est qu'il est convoqué par le sénat vanessa
29:16papas chef des opérations de tiktok ses vertus apparaît aux attaques des élus américains
29:22for our community do you have any response to the buzzfeed news story yes those allegations were
29:29not found there was talk of a master account which does not exist at our company period
29:35you're telling me that china-based employees have never accessed non-public data of u.s tiktok users
29:42i'm saying that there is strict access controls around the data that is access to the united states
29:49that is overseen by our u.s led security team we are working with oracle that's not what this
29:54that's not what this article says we disagree with the catégorization in that article wholeheartedly
30:03à washington la défense de vanessa papas ne convainc pas beaucoup doute de la fiabilité du projet texas
30:10le lobbyiste jacob elberg est de cela début 2023 il passe à la vitesse supérieure il est temps d'abattre
30:22tik tok l'opération démarre derrière les fenêtres de cette luxueuse bibliothèque de la capitale fédérale
30:31ladies and gentlemen welcome to the hill and valley conference
30:40i decided to launch the hill and valley forum as an experiment to bring together tech ceos
30:46and elected officials in one room to allow them to sit next to each other for an evening
30:51and talk about national security issues specifically anchored around how do we deal with this looming
30:58threat that we're facing with the rise of the chinese communist party and the hostilities waged by the
31:05chinese communist party against our country simple coincidence ou mélange assumer des genres jacob elbergh
31:14vient de rejoindre une commission du sénat chargé de la sécurité des échanges entre la chine et les états
31:20unis il est dans le même temps conseillé de palantir technologie une société spécialisée dans le
31:28traitement des données et surtout très proche des milieux du renseignement avec cette double casquette
31:35le lobbyiste va s'imposer comme le trait d'union entre le monde politique d'un côté et la silicon
31:41valley de l'autre toutes ces entreprises là se sont organisées dans un lobbying extrêmement puissant et
31:47leur message c'est de dire au fond il ne faut pas réguler les entreprises américaines parce
31:52que ce sont nos entreprises que celle ci jouerait habilement de la frontière de plus en plus poreuse
31:57entre on va dire sécurité économique et sécurité nationale sachant que la sécurité économique c'est
32:02avant tout la leur celle de leur investissement la priorité des acteurs de la silicon valley avoir
32:12accès aux données des internautes américains pour poursuivre leur croissance le gouvernement
32:17doit continuer de leur garantir l'existence d'un marché des data aussi libre que possible sans
32:23contrainte l'écosystème qui concerne la collecte des données à caractère personnel aux états unis
32:29c'est un écosystème qui est extrêmement complexe qui repose sur une régulation qui est minimale et
32:34ses données sont notamment monétisés par un ensemble d'acteurs qu'on appelle des courtiers en
32:39données à data brokers
32:46there are data brokers right now that can take data and will sell your data to whoever wants to buy
32:50it anybody that that will pay for it can use that data and they will sell your data to that
32:57that's part of the data gets better and better and richer and richer over time
33:01a lot of companies collect a lot of data about people because their entire business model is
33:15what we call surveillance capitalism the idea is that they will gather all of this information about
33:22uh about their users and then they will sell it and this made uh facebook a lot of money
33:30it made google a lot of money it made sort of what we think of as big tech rich
33:35pour continuer de s'enrichir la silicon valley ne veut surtout pas qu'une partie des données soit capté
33:43par un acteur étranger comme tik tok il faut donc l'exclure du système cet intérêt purement
33:53commercial rejoint la hantise sécuritaire de washington et de ses services de renseignement
33:57eux aussi ont un besoin vital d'accéder aux données des américains depuis le 11 septembre une partie de ces
34:07data brokers vendent ces données par des arrangements souvent opaques aux agences qui composent le secteur de
34:15sécurité nationale aux états unis et pas simplement à des fins publicitaires
34:18le fondateur, c'est parfois de ses NE nextés au livre.
34:22les données que les recherches ont la base de données, c'est souvent le fondateurs d'accélère
34:25c'est très utile que les données des informationsmarketées sont généralised
34:27c'est particulièrement utile d'accélère
34:30c'est en train de viabilité des expériences sur les personnes qui sont engagées dans des activités
34:37à comprendre d'où les gens étaient
34:40parce que tout le monde rentre son téléphone à toute personne
34:41nous nous sommes carryant des tracts de vices en nos po conservants
34:48It's pretty clear that large tech platforms, you know, have to work with the federal government
34:57and particularly the National Security Administration to hand over information when demanded.
35:03Much as we expect is the case in China as well.
35:07I think every intelligence service has a common DNA of what they're trying to do is
35:12to get useful intelligence and useful information for their governments.
35:16I think the difference between the Western and the Chinese approach is that typically we have more law-based
35:21and personal freedoms and other restraints on what can and cannot be done in Western societies.
35:31TikTok is adossed to an authoritarian regime. That's the major difference.
35:36The Americans have never had any problems with the capturing of data by American companies
35:42or Western countries, let's say.
35:45There, what caused a shock within the American political system,
35:50it's the fact that it's a Chinese society, which is a strategic rival of the United States,
35:54which has access to data from users.
35:57In associating the security interests of the world and the commercial interests of the tech,
36:06Jacob Elberg has reached his objective.
36:09For the first time, and in a large majority,
36:12the Congress vote a law against the famous application.
36:16On this vote, the yeas are 352, the nays are 65. The bill is passed. And without the objection,
36:25the motion to reconsider is laid on the table.
36:28Bidens must send TikTok US to a non-Chinese company until January 2025.
36:38Otherwise, the application will be banned on the American soil.
36:41But Donald Trump, re-élu at the presidency,
36:48makes a lot of face.
36:51We need to save TikTok because we're talking about a tremendous...
36:55Who in this audience goes with TikTok? Many? Yeah. Very popular.
37:02In return to the White House,
37:05the business owner suspend the banter of the application
37:09in waiting to find another solution.
37:15But what was the release of the Chinese application in the United States,
37:19a tragedy, coming up a year later,
37:22has revealed a deep break in the use of TikTok,
37:26like other social networks.
37:29After the 7th October 2023,
37:37some states serve to continue political objectives.
37:42Nothing will never be like before.
37:45In December 2023,
37:58an investigation from Wall Street Journal
38:00revealed that on 4 800 videos of TikTok on the conflict,
38:0459% of them are pro-Palestinian,
38:07and only 15% are visible to Israel.
38:11The main accusation formulated by the legislators in the United States,
38:17especially in the Republican Party,
38:18but it's relatively bipartisan,
38:20is since October 7,
38:22the fact that TikTok would be considered,
38:24or in any case,
38:25would tend to put in front
38:27some pro-Hamas content,
38:29in any case,
38:30at least compared to other platforms.
38:32There is the dimension of the vector of influence.
38:42TikTok uses the platform to push the issues.
38:45It can be true,
38:46it's not necessarily a manipulation of information,
38:49it's not necessarily a disinformation,
38:52it can be true information,
38:53but that China wants to put in front.
38:55In other words,
38:56it's not a disinformation,
38:57but it's not a disinformation,
38:58it's a disinformation,
38:59it's a disinformation,
39:00it's a disinformation.
39:01in the United States, the best support of Israel on the international scene.
39:05And, by the way, they are ashamed of the repression
39:09that the Muslim minority of the Uighur.
39:12Muslims have no hatred, hatred and murder.
39:16The hatred, hatred, and murder are 400 million Muslims.
39:21The people must stop at the same level of the level of the human rights,
39:24and stop at the same level of the UN,
39:26to turn on the government's level of the human rights.
39:28What we see today is that the war of the XXI century
39:32is a hybrid war,
39:33in which the fundamental dimension is very central,
39:37and that today the war is also a war of opinion.
39:40and that this gain of opinion is played on social networks.
39:43I think social media can be used as a tool in cognitive warfare.
39:50Cognitive warfare, and I would call it the war of the narrative right now,
39:54how do you control the narrative to justify your position
39:58and also to show the other position is bad, or vice versa, depending on which side you're at?
40:03We are moving in right now. There are dead bodies everywhere.
40:08What do you think about this?
40:10From a certain point of view, the most simple thing is
40:13to strengthen your values to other people's minds.
40:18This is what we are doing right now.
40:22The United States are doing this.
40:26From the point of view of Pékin, most of the social networks are American,
40:30they impose a treatment of the actuality
40:32that is necessarily aligned with the interests of Washington.
40:35TikTok allows us to break this dominant model.
40:39What caused this?
40:41It caused the world to realize what happened in the real world.
40:46What happened in the real world?
40:48Who's up? Who's up? Who's up? Who's up? Who's up? Who's up?
40:50Who's up? Who's up? Who's up?
40:51This time, we all know, we all know,
40:54if we didn't have TikTok,
40:56what happened in the real world,
40:58what happened in the real world?
41:00When I go on social media and I see a bunch of dead bodies
41:02of innocent women, children and men,
41:04I don't want to see that anymore.
41:06After TikTok, some of the real facts were spread to the US
41:11and caused a lot of attacks from the US.
41:16And I just want to see that it was a lot of attacks from the Chinese media,
41:31who brought us out to the US.
41:35This time, in the past eight years of this crisis,
41:39TikTok has changed the entire world's media.
41:43If China comes to spread the story
41:48that it is a powerful power,
41:51with which all countries have interest to cooperate
41:53because it offers a winning-winning relationship,
41:56and that, in contrary,
41:58the Occidentians offer relationships
42:00that are built on a form of neo-colonialism,
42:05then it has all gained.
42:07I don't see no Ryan here.
42:08If social networks like TikTok serve now
42:11to the informational war,
42:13the personal data of its users
42:16are also directly used
42:18on the battlefield field.
42:23In April 2024,
42:25the online online online online
42:28plus 972
42:30is the first time
42:32the use of the Israeli army
42:34in Gaza
42:35of a artificial intelligence
42:37called Lavender,
42:39and this,
42:40from the 7th of October.
42:44The author of this incredible revelation,
42:47the Israeli journalist
42:49Yuval Abraham.
42:52Lavender was designed by the military.
42:55Its purpose was,
42:56when it was being designed,
42:58to mark the low-ranking operatives
43:02in the Hamas and Islamic Jihad military wings.
43:04What Lavender does,
43:06is it scans information
43:09on probably 90%
43:11of the population of Gaza.
43:12So we're talking about,
43:14you know, more than a million people.
43:15We have a large-scale surveillance
43:20of the Palestinian population
43:21by the Israeli army,
43:22which is the video surveillance
43:24which has been deployed
43:25everywhere,
43:25both in the East Jordan and in Gaza.
43:28Also, by a surveillance
43:29of access to the Internet
43:31and also by access to data
43:33provided by WhatsApp
43:35and other American tech actors.
43:37actors of the American tech.
43:39And in addition to that,
43:40the Israeli army has a very developed cyber-defense industry,
43:44with especially companies
43:45who are distinguished
43:46by their capabilities of hacking.
43:51In aggregate all of these data,
43:53Lavender identifies the number effarant
43:55of 37.000 members of the Hamas.
44:0337.000 people
44:05to eliminate at their home.
44:07Because according to a military source,
44:09it's much easier
44:11to bombard a family home.
44:15And with rules of commitment
44:16inédit.
44:18For a simple soldier,
44:19Zahal autorizes
44:20up to 20 victims collateral.
44:23For a superior officer,
44:25this ratio can be raised to 100.
44:27100 innocents killed
44:28to eliminate one enemy.
44:33The military knew
44:35that approximately 10%
44:36of the people
44:38that the machine was marking
44:39to be killed
44:40were not Hamas militants.
44:42Some of them had
44:43a loose connection to Hamas.
44:44Others had
44:45completely no connection to Hamas.
44:47We are in the area of international law,
44:54which is very inquieting.
44:57It's not because an algorithm
44:59will declare a target
45:01as a member of Hamas
45:02that it's a truth
45:03that it can be enough
45:04to justify this kind of act.
45:0710% of errors
45:11on 37.000 cibles
45:13are potentially
45:143.700 people
45:15killed by error.
45:18Without counting the families,
45:20as a result of the victims
45:20of collateral
45:21and the destruction
45:22of their habitations
45:23and other infrastructures
45:25civiles.
45:26I think the Israeli army,
45:31using the artificial intelligence
45:32to justify
45:34the attacks
45:35against presumed targets,
45:36led to a potentially international
45:39attack
45:41to develop this type of technology.
45:45I think that a system
45:46either similar to that
45:48is that every country
45:50either already has it
45:51or will have it.
45:53I think it's just
45:54it's a matter of time
45:54if they don't already have it
45:55or have not been researching it.
45:57I'm just guessing
45:57that the Israelis
45:58just got out at first.
46:02Il y a un avant
46:03et un après 7 octobre
46:05dans l'utilisation
46:06des données personnelles.
46:08Les réseaux sociaux
46:09font désormais partie
46:10des outils
46:11de projection de puissance
46:12dont disposent
46:13Etat et entreprises
46:14de la tech
46:15embarquées
46:16dans une sidérante
46:17course en avant.
46:19On est ici
46:20face à une illusion
46:21du pouvoir
46:22apportée
46:22par tout ce processus
46:24qu'on appelle
46:24la datafication du monde,
46:26le fait de mettre
46:27le monde en données.
46:29On a cette idée
46:29qu'on va pouvoir
46:30mettre le monde
46:31en ordre
46:32finalement
46:33à travers un volume
46:33suffisant de données.
46:35La question est
46:35comment est-ce qu'une nation
46:37considère ça
46:38dans son futur ?
46:40Nous avons des leçons
46:41de l'arrivée
46:42et j'ai offert
46:43que la raison
46:43pour laquelle nous avons
46:44ces sont
46:45de nous protéger
46:45de nous-mêmes
46:47et de nos propres
46:47excesses.
46:49Parce que
46:49une fois que le genie
46:50se trouve de la bouteille
46:51ça peut affecter
46:52tout le monde.
46:56Le mauvais génie
46:57est déjà sorti
46:58de sa lampe.
47:00Grâce aux données,
47:01des États
47:02mènent des opérations
47:03d'influence,
47:04de manipulation,
47:05voire de ciblage
47:06pour mieux asservir
47:08des populations
47:09et même parfois
47:10les détruire.
47:12Alors que d'autres
47:13n'hésitent pas
47:13à porter atteinte
47:15au principe
47:15de l'État de droit
47:16pour faire primer
47:17les impératifs
47:18de sécurité
47:18au détriment
47:20de la protection
47:20des plus fragiles
47:21et de la défense
47:23des libertés fondamentales.
47:26TikTok,
47:27en tant qu'application
47:28la plus téléchargée
47:29de la planète,
47:30agit comme le meilleur
47:32révélateur
47:32et amplificateur
47:34de ces désordres
47:35contemporains.
47:37Des désordres
47:38qui pourraient bien
47:39conduire au chaos
47:40si aucune régulation
47:42d'envergure
47:42ne venait à encadrer
47:44et contrôler
47:45les usages
47:46de ces environnements
47:47numériques,
47:48civils
47:48et militaires.
47:51Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
48:21C'est quelque chose
48:22que j'ai recherché
48:22donc j'ai levé
48:23sur un téléphone
48:24sur un téléphone
48:25Je n'ai absolument pas
48:39TikTok sur mon téléphone.
48:40Je n'ai pas TikTok
48:41sur mon téléphone.
48:42Oui,
48:43mais que à usage professionnel,
48:44bien sûr.
48:51Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
48:52Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
48:53Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
48:54Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
48:55Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
48:56Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
48:57Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada