The Human Body - Respiratory System
Transcript
00:00Hi kids! Today we will learn about the human respiratory system. So let's start!
00:11The organ system that consists of organs used in the process of respiration or breathing is called respiratory system.
00:24During breathing or respiration, we take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide and the process of respiration occurs in lungs.
00:37Inhalation. The process of taking in air is called inhalation and this air provides oxygen to our body.
00:51Exhalation. The process of breathing the air out is called exhalation and this air expels carbon dioxide from our body.
01:03Breathing, inhalation and exhalation together is known as breathing.
01:10Now, let's learn the parts of the respiratory system.
01:15Mouth and nose. Through mouth and nose, we take in air.
01:22Our nose and mouth are lined with mucous membranes that keep the nose and mouth moist.
01:31Air we breathe enters our lungs through the nasal cavity or buccal cavity.
01:39Both the nasal cavity and the buccal cavity are lined with mucous membranes that make the inhaled air moist and warm.
01:50Warm and moist air does not harm the delicate internal organs.
01:58Nasal cavity is lined with cilia that are small hairs that filter out any dirt particles from the inhaled air.
02:08If we breathe in air through the mouth, less filtering is done and there are no cilia in the buccal cavity.
02:18So, it's always better to inhale through your nose.
02:23The next part we will learn is pharynx or simply the throat.
02:29Pharynx is the next part of our respiratory system.
02:34It is the intermediate part between the nasal cavity and the larynx.
02:40Pharynx is divided into three separate sections, nasal pharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
02:51Air travels through the nasal pharynx and oropharynx and reaches the laryngopharynx.
02:59Once the air reaches the laryngopharynx, the part called epiglottis diverts the air to the larynx.
03:07Epiglottis performs a very important function.
03:13It ensures that the air from the laryngopharynx enters the larynx and not the esophagus.
03:21The food we swallow enters the esophagus and the air we breathe enters the trachea.
03:29And the part that ensures this is epiglottis.
03:35The next part that we will learn is larynx.
03:39Larynx connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea.
03:44It is also commonly referred to as voice box.
03:49Epiglottis is also a part of the larynx.
03:56Trachea is shaped like a tube and it is approximately 5 inches in length.
04:03It is also referred as windpipe.
04:07It connects the larynx to the bronchi.
04:11Air also gets filtered here before entering the lungs.
04:16The inner lining of the lungs produce mucus,
04:20which traps the harmful particles from the air we breathe in before they enter the lungs.
04:28Bronchi.
04:30The lower end of the trachea splits into two branches,
04:34which are known as primary bronchi.
04:38And these primary bronchi enter the lungs and then branch off into many smaller bronchi.
04:47The bronchi continue branching into even smaller bronchi
04:52and it creates a tree-like structure in both the lungs.
04:57Bronchioles.
04:59This is the smallest tertiary branches of the bronchi are known as bronchioles.
05:07And they end in very small structures called alveoli,
05:11which are small round-shaped sacs,
05:14where the actual exchange of gases takes place in the lungs.
05:19These round-shaped structures, that is the alveoli, are surrounded by capillaries.
05:25And this is the actual place for exchange of gases in the lungs.
05:32These capillaries bring carbon dioxide from the body
05:36to be exchanged with the oxygen inhaled in the lungs.
05:41Carbon dioxide from these capillaries enters the alveoli
05:46and the oxygen from the alveoli enters the capillaries.
05:52And thus, the blood is oxygenated again and is supplied to the whole body.
06:00Lungs.
06:01These two organs located inside the thoracic region are known as lungs.
06:07They are surrounded by a membrane that provides them with enough space to expand.
06:15The two lungs are not identical.
06:19The left lung is smaller and has two lobes,
06:23while the right one has three lobes.
06:27Lungs are like a sponge and are made up of millions of small sacs
06:32at the end of each bronchiole called alveoli.
06:37And these alveoli are filled with air when we breathe in.
06:42And this is the actual place where the exchange of gases takes place through capillaries.
06:51Next are the muscles of respiration.
06:56Muscles of respiration allow the inhalation and exhalation.
07:01And the main muscle in the system is diaphragm.
07:05It is a thin sheet of muscles at the bottom of the thorax.
07:10Diaphragm contracts and moves up when we breathe out.
07:15It moves down and becomes almost straight when we breathe in.
07:22And there are also a lot of muscles located between the ribs.
07:27It helps to compress and expand the lungs while breathing in and breathing out.
07:34So kids, today we learned about respiratory system in humans.
07:41Different living beings have different types of respiratory systems.
07:46Like fish breathe through gills and not through lungs.
07:50Some amphibians like toads and earthworms breathe through their skin.
07:56Some insects have tracheal systems for breathing
08:00as they have small openings called spiracles for exchange of gases.
08:06Even plants breathe and that is through small openings called stomata present on the leaves.
08:15So kids, all living organisms breathe and there are different types of systems for their breathing.
08:23Now you may go ahead and take a quiz to learn more.
08:27Bye-bye!