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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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FunTranscript
00:00:00Good morning, I'm so happy we're gonna spend the day together.
00:00:05You see, I stayed up reading about all those common things that you and I never realized
00:00:09actually had purposes.
00:00:11My head's brimming with all this knowledge.
00:00:14I need to unload it on someone, and you're the perfect volunteer.
00:00:18First things first, food.
00:00:19Gotta have a hearty breakfast.
00:00:21I'll make you some eggs, but before I cook them, look at this.
00:00:25See that little white string?
00:00:27There are a few common misconceptions about what it is, but no, it's not part of a baby
00:00:31chick or anything yucky.
00:00:33Even though it looks kinda unnatural, you actually want to see it in your eggs.
00:00:37It's called chalaza.
00:00:39There are two of them in each egg.
00:00:41And they're like the ropes that hold up a hammock.
00:00:44And this hammock is an egg yolk.
00:00:46The strings keep it from splatting against the shell.
00:00:49If you still don't like the look of it, don't worry, these strings usually vanish after
00:00:53cooking.
00:00:54Plus, they're a sign of freshness.
00:00:56If you don't see a trusty chalaza, you might have left your eggs sitting in the fridge
00:00:59for a few days too many.
00:01:01So how do you like them, scrambled or sunny side up?
00:01:06Before you clear your plate, you need to add a piece of fruit to that breakfast.
00:01:09Want an apple?
00:01:10By the way, do you know where apples come from?
00:01:13I mean, all the apples you've ever eaten?
00:01:16Apple trees, right?
00:01:17And what seeds do those apple trees grow from?
00:01:20Apple seeds, right?
00:01:21Nope.
00:01:22Almost all apple trees don't grow from seeds.
00:01:25That's because seedlings turn out genetically different from their parent trees.
00:01:29Seeds from a Golden Delicious don't grow a Golden Delicious tree.
00:01:34All apples you've ever eaten were likely grown on grafted trees.
00:01:38That's when farmers attach apple branches to the cut trunk of another tree.
00:01:42Any other tree.
00:01:43Yeah, a peach tree or even an avocado tree.
00:01:47Frankenstein trees!
00:01:50Before we start our day, let's check the weather.
00:01:53Turn on the TV.
00:01:54Oh, wait, have you ever looked closely at your couch?
00:01:58See those buttons?
00:02:00Once upon a time, furniture was filled with horsehair and straw.
00:02:04Those sorts of filings moved around a lot.
00:02:06Couches could get really lumpy and bumpy, so those deep buttons were used to lock them
00:02:11in place.
00:02:12We use more comfortable fillings than straw now, but we still keep the look for fashion.
00:02:17Okay, go on.
00:02:19You can turn the TV on now.
00:02:21Uh-oh, there's a 60% chance of rain.
00:02:24Looks like we'll need to bring umbrellas.
00:02:26But do you know what this forecast actually means?
00:02:29I've always thought it means that there's, you know, a 60% chance of rain.
00:02:33But this number actually means that 60% of the forecasted area might get rain.
00:02:40How about a quick snack for the road?
00:02:42Oreos, yum!
00:02:44Look at the design on the top of the cookie.
00:02:46In the center, there's a circle topped with a double-armed cross.
00:02:49It's the Nabisco logo, which is a European symbol for quality.
00:02:55Grab a coat too, just in case.
00:02:58Have you ever noticed these letters printed on the zipper of your coat?
00:03:02Or any clothes zippers for that matter.
00:03:04Go on and check right now.
00:03:06I bet I can guess what letters you'll find there.
00:03:08If I'm right, you owe me a soda.
00:03:11Does it say YKK?
00:03:13I had a 50% chance of getting that right, because about half of all zippers in the world
00:03:18are made by one manufacturer called the YKK Group.
00:03:22So do you owe me a soda or what?
00:03:26Let's head out.
00:03:27I have some errands to run.
00:03:29You don't mind tagging along, do you?
00:03:31First stop, I need to pop into the bank to drop off a check.
00:03:35Not all lines printed on checks are as simple as meets the eye.
00:03:38To make them harder to replicate, a lot of them have tiny writing.
00:03:42It's so small, it just looks like regular black lines showing you where to sign.
00:03:47Usually, the writing is phrases like original document or authorized signature.
00:03:53Only superheroes with microscopic vision would know though.
00:03:58On some US pennies, and these coins are pretty rare, you can spot several letters under Lincoln's
00:04:03shoulder.
00:04:04VDB.
00:04:06What do they mean?
00:04:08They're the initials of Victor David Brenner.
00:04:11That's the man who designed the very first penny and the exact same portrait of Lincoln
00:04:16that's still in use today.
00:04:18Next, I need a few things from the supermarket.
00:04:22Can you grab a cart?
00:04:23Did you know that these metal loops on the cart actually have a use?
00:04:27They're designed to hold your grocery bags if you have too many to fit inside the cart
00:04:31or if you need fragile items to stay upright.
00:04:36Do you need anything?
00:04:37Here's my shopping list.
00:04:381.
00:04:39Bubble bath.
00:04:40What?
00:04:41It's an essential.
00:04:42You know, I'm not kidding.
00:04:44It actually does have a practical use.
00:04:46And it's not to make a bubble beard when you're bored in the bathtub.
00:04:49Bubble bath was invented so that the foam would sit on the surface of the water and
00:04:52insulate it, keeping the water warmer for longer.
00:04:56I like long baths, so it's very important to me.
00:05:00Next item, a toothbrush.
00:05:02Mine's old and needs replacing.
00:05:03The blue indicator bristles are pretty much gone.
00:05:06Oh, did you not know that's what they're for?
00:05:08Yeah, the row of blue bristles on most toothbrushes acts like a timer.
00:05:13Each time you brush your teeth, they get thinner and thinner.
00:05:16And eventually, the blue color gets all worn away.
00:05:19That's when you know you need a refresher.
00:05:21Just to be safe, I'll get you a new brush too.
00:05:23Alright, I've got everything I need.
00:05:26Let's go home.
00:05:27Uh oh, it started raining.
00:05:29Good thing we grabbed those umbrellas.
00:05:32It seems like no one really knows what the metal point at the top of an umbrella is for.
00:05:36See, now that we're out of the rain, there are water drops all over the fabric.
00:05:41When we fold our umbrellas up and put them in the car, they'll soak everything they touch.
00:05:46But not if we tap the metal tip on the ground and shake all the water off.
00:05:50Convenient, right?
00:05:52Into the car we get.
00:05:53That line of black dots around the windshield always bugged me.
00:05:57But I finally found out what it's for.
00:05:59It's called a frit.
00:06:00It shields the glue that bonds the windshield to the car from ultraviolet light.
00:06:05The dots though, they just make it look nice.
00:06:09Let's turn on the radio and listen to some tunes.
00:06:11You probably see that symbol on the radio's power button pretty much every day.
00:06:16It's also on computers, microwaves, game consoles, and so many other things.
00:06:20But I never thought about what it means.
00:06:23It dates way back before most of the technology that uses it.
00:06:26Turns out, it's actually binary code that says, Standby Power State.
00:06:31Cool, huh?
00:06:33Well, those errands made me work up an appetite.
00:06:37Here's a deal.
00:06:38I'm going to share the dishes while you cook some spaghetti for dinner.
00:06:41Everyone always says it's impossible to measure out the right amount of spaghetti.
00:06:45It's so hard to figure out what one portion looks like.
00:06:48But none of us should struggle with it because there's a tool for this exact purpose right
00:06:53under our noses.
00:06:55In the middle of your spaghetti serving ladle, there's a hole perfectly sized to measure
00:06:59out one serving.
00:07:01No more leftovers from now on.
00:07:04Everyone always uses the tops of plates and bowls.
00:07:07But as I'm washing them, it reminds me of all the clever uses for the bottom sides.
00:07:12For example, the rough rim under plates can sharpen knives.
00:07:17Watch this.
00:07:18All of your knives are super dull and can barely cut these tomatoes.
00:07:22Now if I take them and run them along the bottom of this plate a few times, voila, fresh
00:07:27as new.
00:07:28They slice the tomatoes like butter.
00:07:32And this groove here in the bottom of your mug, it has a purpose too.
00:07:36Something you'll probably be very thankful for even if you don't know about it yet.
00:07:41This groove is specifically designed for mugs you put in the dishwasher upside down.
00:07:45Without it, a puddle of water would pool inside the rim and spill all over your feet when
00:07:50you take the mug out.
00:07:51Trust me, this little gap is your best friend.
00:07:55Oh, before you use that frying pan, have you salted the oil?
00:07:59Yep, you shouldn't only salt your pasta water but also the frying oil.
00:08:03A pinch of flour will also work.
00:08:06Both absorb the moisture from the food you put in and stop the boiling oil from splattering.
00:08:11But do watch out because salt might lower the temperature at which oil starts to smoke.
00:08:16It probably won't be an issue unless you're boiling big vats of this stuff though.
00:08:21That's enough new information for one day, right?
00:08:23Let's finish this great day with a big spaghetti dinner.
00:08:30So when you're driving, you get a green light everywhere, except Japan.
00:08:35The traffic light is actually blue there.
00:08:38The problem is purely linguistic.
00:08:40Old Japanese had the same word, Ayo, for blue and green.
00:08:45Even though modern Japanese has a separate word for green, the linguists objected and
00:08:50the government left the Ayo color for the traffic light.
00:08:53It's technically green, but it's the bluest shade possible, so we perceive it as blue.
00:09:00If you ever travel across Japan, you'll definitely see Norin, fabric hangings that
00:09:05look like curtains before the entrance to restaurants and stores.
00:09:09You can tell if the store is open just looking at the Norin.
00:09:13If they're hung at the doors, it means this place is open.
00:09:16If there are no curtains, sorry, the place isn't working, look for another one.
00:09:21The name of the place is usually written across the Norin.
00:09:24The dirtier it is, the better.
00:09:26Just kidding.
00:09:27The Japanese say that if this curtain's dirty, it means there are a lot of customers that
00:09:32constantly touch the Norin when they enter.
00:09:36Japanese are very punctual, and in this country, everything's on time no matter if it's
00:09:41people who need to come to a meeting or public transport.
00:09:45The trains are so punctual that if they have a minute's delay, the company will provide
00:09:50you with a special certificate to prove to your boss your lateness wasn't your fault.
00:09:56There are some drawbacks about Japanese trains, though.
00:09:59Some cars in Tokyo Metro are so packed sometimes that metro staff, aka professional pushers,
00:10:06come to help people squeeze into that train.
00:10:09They literally shove people onto busy trains and help the passengers travel safely.
00:10:15Japanese people seem to be obsessed with glasses.
00:10:18Well, there doesn't seem to be any specific explanation for this one, they just do it
00:10:23for pleasure.
00:10:24Sunglasses, as well as regular glasses, can be an integral part of your look as a cool
00:10:30accessory.
00:10:31Anyway, they're usually a prescription, and most people wear them because of short-sightedness.
00:10:37The public toilet experience may be a challenge for you, but not if you're in Japan.
00:10:43There's always music in the bathrooms.
00:10:46Bidet is quite a regular thing for this country too.
00:10:50The toilets look high-tech, and they really are.
00:10:53In fact, over 80% of Japanese households have a bidet toilet.
00:10:58Not only are they super sanitary, but they also save water, using only 1 gallon per flush.
00:11:04In regular toilets, it takes about 3 gallons.
00:11:09If you're an introvert and love traveling alone, Japan is a top destination for you.
00:11:14In this country, it's totally okay to eat out enjoying your own company.
00:11:19For introverts who may feel lonely now and again, there are special cafes that feature
00:11:25cuddling services.
00:11:27In some restaurants in Japan, water is free, which is no real surprise.
00:11:32The surprise comes when you're offered some free tea.
00:11:35Waiters usually bring you some traditional tea while you're waiting for your order.
00:11:40Another unusual thing about Japanese restaurants is that you're not supposed to leave tips.
00:11:46People can even take offense if you do so.
00:11:48Food service is considered to be a standard, and it's already included in your order.
00:11:53So hey, enjoy your meal!
00:11:56Talking about Japanese food, and I'm getting hungry, chopsticks are probably the first
00:12:01thing that comes to your mind.
00:12:02Still, a real Japanese dining experience has more ways of eating.
00:12:07You're not gonna look impolite if you literally drink your miso soup right from the bowl.
00:12:13If the bowl is somewhat bigger than the one for miso, and the broth has noodles and other
00:12:17ingredients, don't be afraid to slurp this ramen away.
00:12:22Japanese are cool with slurping.
00:12:24There's one food hack for a Japanese meal.
00:12:27If you struggle a lot with chopsticks, especially eating rice, bring the bowl closer to your
00:12:32mouth.
00:12:33If the plate is pretty large, it's not recommended to pick it up.
00:12:37If you still struggle, it's okay to ask for a spoon unless the place you're dining in
00:12:41is traditional and expensive.
00:12:44Eating fruit in Japan can be quite expensive.
00:12:47Some fruit are exported from far away, which explains the price.
00:12:52Local farmers do their best to grow perfect, impeccable fruit.
00:12:56That's why peaches can cost up to 3,000 yen, which is about 300 bucks.
00:13:01Hey, how about a 21-dollar apple?
00:13:04Yeah, rather pricey, but it's washed with honey and hand-picked to make sure there are
00:13:09no blemishes.
00:13:11Plus, these are one of the world's largest varieties of apples, some of them weighing
00:13:15up to 2 pounds!
00:13:17Japanese eat rice anytime, no matter if it's breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
00:13:22Another incredible fact about their food is that their sweets aren't actually sweet at
00:13:27all.
00:13:28Alright, not sweets, but rather desserts.
00:13:32Traditional Japanese desserts are usually made of chestnuts, matcha tea, or rice flour.
00:13:37They can even cook many desserts, such as brownies, puddings, and chocolate bites, using
00:13:42a special type of beans called azuki as the main ingredient.
00:13:46People in Japan believe that the dessert is good quality if it's not sweet.
00:13:52Japanese food is crazy, combining a bunch of unusual flavors in regular things.
00:13:57Hey, how about ice cream?
00:13:58Choose the flavor!
00:14:00There are potato, miso, wasabi, soy, and many other flavors.
00:14:07For those who like it extreme, there's even raw horse meat ice cream.
00:14:11Mm-mm, that's really good horse!
00:14:13Yeah, right.
00:14:14These tastes are not very common for the Japanese either, though.
00:14:18Some other unusual foods feature hot dogs with noodles instead of sausage, or unagi
00:14:23cola.
00:14:24Yeah, it's like eel plus cola.
00:14:27And if that's not enough, you can also find chocolate chip ramen in Japan.
00:14:32You can't beat it!
00:14:35Japanese always take their shoes off when they enter the house.
00:14:38They even have multiple slippers.
00:14:40For example, toilet slippers.
00:14:43Don't come inside a Japanese house with your shoes on – it's very impolite.
00:14:49Most cultures usually use handshakes for greetings.
00:14:52But in Japan, people mostly use bows for this purpose.
00:14:56The more times and the deeper you bow, the more respect you show to a person.
00:15:01There's a catch, though.
00:15:02If you bow too deep, it could be offensive.
00:15:06Watermelons are acceptable everywhere – supermarket, workplace, and even among friends.
00:15:11Sometimes, getting connected working on something on a train can be next to impossible because
00:15:16of the noise level.
00:15:18In Japan, nothing can distract you on a train, so you can even work.
00:15:23People usually don't even answer the phone there.
00:15:25Still, the Japanese aren't quiet all the time.
00:15:29Bars make a big part of the Japanese everyday culture, so it's pretty loud there.
00:15:35Watermelons are round, right?
00:15:37Not in Japan!
00:15:39Japanese farmers have a special technique for growing square watermelons.
00:15:43They grow it in a special container.
00:15:46This way, they can fit into a fridge easier.
00:15:48Some other shapes are available.
00:15:50For example, the fruit can be triangular or heart-shaped.
00:15:54The only drawback is that such fruits are quite pricey.
00:15:58Turning train seats in Japanese trains are super convenient.
00:16:01You can make a square if you travel in a group of friends.
00:16:05You can adjust your seat to the direction of the train.
00:16:08If you simply don't like your travel companions, you can just turn around too.
00:16:13You will probably never see a janitor in Japan because students have to clean up the schools
00:16:18by themselves.
00:16:20Japanese students even serve lunch.
00:16:22Plus, besides a regular school cleaning, they will go out now and again and clean up the
00:16:27neighborhood.
00:16:28The Japanese never stop inventing, and one of their recent innovations is their non-melting
00:16:34ice cream.
00:16:35Just imagine!
00:16:36You casually walk in the scorching sun, it's 90 degrees outside, and you're enjoying
00:16:41your ice cream, not being afraid of staining your shirt.
00:16:45The secret ingredient is polyphenol extracted from strawberries that prevents oils and water
00:16:50from separating, preserving the ice cream shape.
00:16:55In Japan, with such an abundance of vending machines, you seem to be likely to buy anything
00:17:00you want without ever going to a store.
00:17:04Vending machines sell everything from food to canned bread, super spicy snacks with warning
00:17:11disclaimers on the machine, and even toys!
00:17:14Anyways, the Japanese themselves are more likely to grab a quick snack in a store instead
00:17:19of those machines.
00:17:21Long ago, Japanese women would blacken their teeth instead of whitening.
00:17:26Pitch black objects were a kind of beauty standard.
00:17:29To dye the teeth black, they would use iron filing dissolved in vinegar plus some tea
00:17:34powder.
00:17:35And finally, if you want to wish someone a good day in Japan, do you say, have a bidet?
00:17:41No, probably not.
00:17:44Apples you usually grab in the supermarket seem super fresh, but they can be up to a
00:17:49year old.
00:17:50It's all about how they're stored.
00:17:52First they're covered with wax, next the wax is dried with hot air, and finally, the
00:17:57apples go into cold storage.
00:18:00Sloths are better at breath-holding than dolphins.
00:18:03Those lazy buddies can slow their heart rate and hold their breath this way for up to 40
00:18:08minutes.
00:18:09If they watched any breathtaking series, they'd literally breathe once per episode.
00:18:14If you look at any old photograph, you'll see that people didn't have those big smiles
00:18:19we love to have in the photos today.
00:18:21First, photographers preferred to keep things serious, so instead of cheese, people would
00:18:26say prunes to keep their lips tight, and other things.
00:18:30Earth is not the only planet with water.
00:18:33Scientists from NASA strongly believe one of Jupiter's moons, Europa, has an ocean with
00:18:38twice as much water as we have on our planet.
00:18:41It's hidden under a thick layer of ice.
00:18:44Even Mars has some liquid water flowing.
00:18:46Cicadas are some of the biggest flying insects you can find out there.
00:18:51Most species are not that impressive, only about 1-2 inches long.
00:18:56The largest one, known as the Empress cicada, has a body length of about 3 inches.
00:19:01In comparison, its wingspan reaches a whopping 8 inches.
00:19:05That's a really big bug!
00:19:07Not all goats peacefully munch on meadow grass.
00:19:11Some of them prefer climbing trees for food.
00:19:13Meet Moroccan goats, a natural phenomenon unique to North Africa.
00:19:18The thing is, they're way more attracted to argan tree fruits than to regular grass.
00:19:23That's quite understandable.
00:19:24Those fruits look just like golden apples.
00:19:27These goats are quite agile, so they easily climb up the trees to get the juicy treats.
00:19:32And they rarely need help from their nanny.
00:19:35There's a creature that can technically live forever.
00:19:38You see, there's a species of jellyfish, known as Tourseverva d'Orla, or however you pronounce
00:19:44their name on the screen.
00:19:46Those guys have a superpower of respawning, so whenever they get any sort of physical
00:19:51damage or something, those jellyfish reset themselves back to the polyp stage and start
00:19:57all over again.
00:19:58Now let's test you.
00:20:00Are there more trees on Earth or stars in the Milky Way?
00:20:03If your answer is stars, sorry, you're wrong.
00:20:07According to scientists' estimations, there are up to 100 billion stars in our galaxy
00:20:12and about 3 trillion trees on Earth.
00:20:15Now that's impressive!
00:20:17Pluto still hasn't made a complete orbit since it was discovered, and now imagine that
00:20:22it was found back in 1930.
00:20:24It takes about 248 years for Pluto to make a full orbit around the Sun.
00:20:30By the way, Mercury is the fastest.
00:20:32It takes only about 88 days for this planet to make a full trip.
00:20:36However, Pluto will complete its first full orbit since its discovery in 2178.
00:20:42I can't wait!
00:20:44One more fun fact about planets.
00:20:46The dwarf planet Haumea has a very peculiar shape.
00:20:50It looks exactly like a potato.
00:20:52It's about the same size as Pluto and has rings similar to those Saturn has.
00:20:57If you ever want to find it, it's located beyond the orbit of Neptune.
00:21:02Nachos aren't some ancient Mexican food.
00:21:04They were invented less than 100 years ago.
00:21:07Ignacio Aña, nicknamed Nacho, is said to have created this dish in the 1940s.
00:21:12There's a nice story behind nachos.
00:21:14A regular customer got really hungry and asked if Ignacio could bring her and her three friends
00:21:19something different that day.
00:21:21He saw how hungry the ladies were and decided to cook something quick for them.
00:21:25He had to improvise using available ingredients, so he put some tortillas, grated loads of
00:21:31cheese on top of them, and heated the dish from above.
00:21:34To make the dish more savory, he added some jalapeno peppers on top.
00:21:38Amy Finan, that very regular customer, asked what the name of the unusual snack was.
00:21:44Ignacio didn't think long and said the name was Nacho Special.
00:21:50Oranges aren't necessarily orange.
00:21:52If grown in subtropical regions, the climate isn't cold enough to break down the chlorophyll,
00:21:56so the fruit peel stays yellow or greenish.
00:21:59Such oranges usually get treated with ethylene gas that can help turn the oranges orange.
00:22:05Orange you impressed with that!
00:22:07Okay, it's time for a little riddle for you.
00:22:10What's common between peanut butter and an engagement ring?
00:22:13Both of them contain diamonds!
00:22:16Scientists have learned how to turn peanut butter into diamonds.
00:22:19They extracted the oxygen from CO2, they got the carbon, and then put it under intense
00:22:24pressure, and in the end, they got diamonds.
00:22:27In a jiff, I suppose.
00:22:30Pufferfish, also known as blowfish, are famous for two things – it's clumsy and it can
00:22:35literally turn into a sort of a balloon.
00:22:38Blowing themselves up helps them survive in the wild – they are inedible when swollen.
00:22:43Well, they're not entirely inedible even when they're deflated.
00:22:47Their poison is over a thousand times more toxic than cyanide.
00:22:50Don't count on antidotes, they just don't exist.
00:22:53Or probably we need more time to find one.
00:22:57Not only can people become knights, but penguins can do that too.
00:23:01There's one living in Edinburgh, and it was granted knighthood back in 2008.
00:23:06Meet Nils Olof III, the mascot and colonel-in-chief of the Norwegian Kings Guard.
00:23:13What size of shoes do you wear?
00:23:15I bet it's way smaller than the size the Statue of Liberty wears.
00:23:19No statue needs shoes, but if the Statue of Liberty wanted to grab a pair of new sneakers,
00:23:24she'd need to look for size 879.
00:23:27No surprise here, she's 151 feet tall.
00:23:32These are our muscles that can cause goosebumps.
00:23:35These tiny fan-shaped muscles are called erector pili, and we have them at the base of every
00:23:40hair follicle.
00:23:42Whenever it's cold, they get contracted, which makes our hairs literally stand up,
00:23:47creating goosebumps.
00:23:49You may think you're not an athlete, but if you've ironed your clothes in very uncomfortable
00:23:53locations at least once, you already are.
00:23:57Sort of.
00:23:58Extreme ironing is an extreme sport where people take ironing boards to very unexpected
00:24:02places, such as forests, canoes, or mountains, and iron the clothes there.
00:24:08Some do that even on the top of bronze statues or underwater.
00:24:12And yeah, there are even official championships.
00:24:15Haven't these people heard of permanent press?
00:24:18Rap battles aren't something that appeared recently.
00:24:21In medieval England, there was something called flighting, which was very much like
00:24:24contemporary rap battles.
00:24:26It was quite popular in the 15th and 16th centuries when two opponents mocked each other
00:24:32in an improvised battle.
00:24:34Tongue map says we have different parts for different tastes.
00:24:37Well, not really.
00:24:39There are individual taste buds that sense certain flavors more than they do with some
00:24:43others, but it doesn't mean one area can taste sweet better than the other.
00:24:48Studies show that all mouth areas have taste buds sensitive to all tastes.
00:24:53Chameleons don't change colors because they want to match their surroundings.
00:24:56That would probably be a very tiring thing to do.
00:24:59In reality, some other things, like mood, temperature, or the amount of light they get,
00:25:05affect their color.
00:25:06When chameleons relax and stretch cells, crystals that are inside of them are affected by the
00:25:11light.
00:25:12These reptiles use crystals to communicate with each other, so, for example, darker shades
00:25:17show that they're not in such a good mood.
00:25:20It's more like they feel kinda grumpy.
00:25:22Ah, beware the grumpy chameleon!
00:25:25Turkeys can blush, just like people do.
00:25:27It works the same way.
00:25:29They blush when angry, excited, or even feel bad.
00:25:32You can see the skin on their necks and heads turn red.
00:25:36Opossums don't really sleep while hanging by their tails.
00:25:39You see that in cartoons and some photos, but in general, they don't.
00:25:43Their tails are strong, so these animals can grip branches and hold their weight, but
00:25:48only for shorter periods.
00:25:49Adults are really too heavy to stay in this position for too long, so they wouldn't
00:25:53get too much rest.
00:25:54So, I could say, hanging by their tail overnight is sort of impossum-ble.
00:25:59Well, here's some fats you'll find hard to digest.
00:26:05Your stomach has a pretty incredible capacity, being able to hold up to half a gallon of
00:26:10liquids.
00:26:12It's pretty hard to estimate how much hard food you can eat because it's processed
00:26:18with your teeth before it gets to your stomach.
00:26:21There's definitely not enough room for a turkey, but a good-sized chicken would probably
00:26:26fit in it.
00:26:28If you were asked where your stomach was, you would probably point to your tummy.
00:26:32Sorry, that's wrong.
00:26:34It's actually up here, hidden in between your ribs.
00:26:39Scientists believe that the appendix will disappear eventually.
00:26:42Nobody really knows why we need it, but some researchers claim it might've existed to
00:26:48help our ancestors digest tree bark.
00:26:51Because it's no longer part of our daily diet, the appendix isn't necessary and can
00:26:55disappear from our bodies without any consequences.
00:27:00The appendix isn't the only obsolete part of our body.
00:27:03Wisdom teeth aren't that useful either.
00:27:06Yeah, they used to come in handy whenever our ancestors lost some of their teeth, but
00:27:10the only thing they help us lose now is the money we spend extracting them.
00:27:16Almost all of our body is covered with hairs, even if we don't notice them.
00:27:21They grow even in the belly button.
00:27:23Their purpose is to catch lint.
00:27:25Check it out.
00:27:26See?
00:27:28Your liver acts as your own personal bodyguard, protecting you from toxins and many other
00:27:33things you don't want hanging around in your body.
00:27:36It's also pretty indestructible and can even regenerate.
00:27:42Only about 43% of you is actually you.
00:27:46Over 50% of the cells in your body belong to tiny little creatures that mainly live
00:27:51in your gut.
00:27:52Still, even though your own cells are fewer than microbial ones, there are, on average,
00:27:57about 100 trillion of them in you.
00:28:00See?
00:28:01You're not alone.
00:28:03With this in mind, your own genes are less than half of what you really consist of.
00:28:08If you take all the microbes dwelling within your body and count their genes, you'll
00:28:13find between 2 to 20 million.
00:28:17If you sleep, it doesn't mean all of your body sleeps.
00:28:20In fact, sometimes your brain has to work even harder when you're asleep.
00:28:25It needs to process tons of information, and reports usually take a lot of time.
00:28:31The nose definitely gets a good rest while you're sleeping.
00:28:35Amazingly, your sense of smell basically deactivates at night.
00:28:39You wouldn't even be bothered if there was a really terrible smell in your bedroom.
00:28:43No comment.
00:28:46The nose is probably one of the most underappreciated parts of the body.
00:28:50We wouldn't even be able to enjoy eating without it.
00:28:54About 80% of the taste of any food is thanks to the nose and its ability to recognize odors.
00:29:00If you hold your nose while eating, you will taste almost nothing.
00:29:04With no sense of smell, you're likely to recognize food mostly by texture.
00:29:08So an onion might seem no different than a big refreshing apple.
00:29:13Yeah, try that and leave me a comment on how that goes.
00:29:18Scientists used to believe we could distinguish about 10,000 smells, but they were wrong.
00:29:23Recent research showed that people are actually able to distinguish between more than a trillion
00:29:29smells.
00:29:30We also remember them better than anything else, and smells can even evoke some distant
00:29:35memories.
00:29:37Your nose just doesn't help you breathe and catch odors.
00:29:40It filters the air for sensitive throats and lungs.
00:29:43If we inhale dry air, the nose moistens it, cools it, and heats it if it's necessary.
00:29:49Also, the nose cleans the air of dirt.
00:29:53When you age, your brain is gradually reducing in size.
00:29:58By age 75, it's much smaller than at 30, and it starts shrinking by the age of 40.
00:30:04It happens to everyone, and doesn't affect your mental strength in any way.
00:30:09Our brain can store only 7 bits in its short-term memory.
00:30:13Don't even try to compare your brain with a phone capacity, not even the one you had
00:30:17back in 2005.
00:30:19That's why you can't even learn a phone number by heart.
00:30:24Our short-term memory functions just like a chalkboard.
00:30:27You can get some information, but sooner or later, you run out of space.
00:30:31To check your working memory capacity, try this test.
00:30:35Ask a friend to write a list of 10 words and read it to you.
00:30:39Most people recall 7 or fewer items from that list.
00:30:45Working memory is an essential thing that we need to perform almost any everyday activity,
00:30:50including basic conversations, surfing the net, and even petting your dog.
00:30:57Our strongest and emotional memories are often fake.
00:31:00The central memory gives us the confidence to believe that we remember everything, even
00:31:05though most of the details are made up in our heads.
00:31:10Not only your brain shrinks as you get older, you too shrink dramatically.
00:31:14The bones get more brittle, the backbone gets compressed.
00:31:18A similar thing happens when you rest at night.
00:31:20Your bones kinda relax too.
00:31:23Because of this, you wake up taller in the mornings than you are at the end of the day.
00:31:29Among mammals, only humans can walk on two legs for their entire lives.
00:31:33You might think that kangaroos or gorillas move in the same way, but kangaroos use their
00:31:38tail as a third leg, and gorillas use their long arms to keep balance.
00:31:45Your bones take part in metabolism too.
00:31:48Since they mostly consist of calcium, when there's not enough of this element in your
00:31:52blood, bones start shedding it into the bloodstream, balancing your body.
00:31:57The same reaction works in reverse too.
00:31:59When there's too much calcium in your blood, it goes into the bones to be stored for later.
00:32:06The only bone to have a sense of humor in your body is inside your upper arm.
00:32:10That's why it's called the humerus.
00:32:12Okay, I made that one up.
00:32:14Moving along…
00:32:17The only bones that never grow are found in our ears.
00:32:20We can hear thanks to these tiny bones because they have adapted to transmit sound vibrations.
00:32:26Doctors call them the oscular chain.
00:32:29One of these hearing bones, the stapes, is the smallest bone in your entire body.
00:32:34It's no larger than a grain of rice.
00:32:38Our height, shape of our body, and skin color depend a lot on where our ancestors used to
00:32:43live, but we can adapt to new conditions even within our own lifespan.
00:32:49For example, if you move from plains to the mountains, you'll eventually develop more
00:32:53red blood cells to compensate for the lack of oxygen.
00:32:57And naturally, if you move from a colder climate to a hotter and sunnier one, your skin will
00:33:02get darker to adapt.
00:33:06Our lifespan is programmed within our cells.
00:33:08They constantly renew and divide, but they have a sort of internal timer that stops at
00:33:14some point.
00:33:15Some cells also stop reproducing sooner than others.
00:33:18On average, cells cease dividing when we reach the age of 100.
00:33:23That means, if we could find a way to trick ourselves into turning off the timer, we could
00:33:27potentially live forever.
00:33:31Body fat isn't just a nuisance.
00:33:33It acts as insulation material, energy reserve, and shock absorber.
00:33:38Your body sends the most fat into your waist region because that's where your internal
00:33:42organs are.
00:33:44If something happens to you, this layer of fat might protect your vitals from irreparable
00:33:49damage.
00:33:51Heads up!
00:33:52Your skull isn't a single bone.
00:33:54It actually consists of 28 different bones, many of which are fused together to protect
00:33:59your brain.
00:34:00The mandible, or the lower jaw, is the only skull bone that isn't fixed to the bone
00:34:05around it.
00:34:06It's attached with connective tissues and muscles.
00:34:09This is what makes it so mobile – you can move it in any direction you like.
00:34:14You can actually masticate with your mandible – another word for chewing!
00:34:19You see, the strongest muscles in your body aren't in your arms or legs – they're
00:34:23in your head.
00:34:24The masseter is the main muscle responsible for chewing, and it needs to be the strongest
00:34:29for you to eat normally.
00:34:31And you know those muscles that allow you to move your ears?
00:34:34Those are temporalis, located above your temples.
00:34:37They also help you chew your food.
00:34:40Now, we've got two really fast muscles – they control the eyelid closing.
00:34:46In fact, they're the fastest muscles in our body.
00:34:49Eyes are fragile and need protection, so the reflex that protects them needs to be as fast
00:34:54as lightning.
00:34:56These muscles can shut the eyelids in less than a tenth of a second.
00:35:01People with double-jointed thumbs can bend them backward.
00:35:04It looks super unusual, and very few people can do it.
00:35:07Still, it's totally okay.
00:35:10Even though it looks painful, it actually doesn't hurt at all for someone with a double-jointed
00:35:14thumb.
00:35:17We recognize only purple-blue, green-yellow, and yellow-red colors.
00:35:22Everything else is a combination of these three.
00:35:24It's impossible to calculate how many of these combinations the human eye sees, because every
00:35:30single person has slight vision differences.
00:35:33But it's about one million combinations on average.
00:35:36You see?
00:35:40Early Earth might have been purple, not green.
00:35:44There's a theory that ancient microbes used molecules other than chlorophyll to absorb
00:35:48sunlight.
00:35:49These molecules likely gave living organisms a violet tint.
00:35:56Scientists are almost sure that our planet once had two moons.
00:35:59One of them was a tiny thing, no larger than 750 miles across.
00:36:04Unfortunately, it crashed into the other moon, which is now Earth's only natural satellite.
00:36:11Until recently, there was one more object orbiting our planet.
00:36:15It was a temporary mini-moon called 2020 CD3.
00:36:19This tiny space rock, no bigger than 3 feet across, was pulled into our orbit more than
00:36:25a year ago.
00:36:26Astronomers believe the mini-moon left Earth's orbit in March.
00:36:30From 60 to 100 tons of space dust drift down to our planet's surface every day.
00:36:36These tiny cosmic particles are mostly released by comets, which are usually made of dust
00:36:42and ice.
00:36:43When the sun turns this ice into vapor, the remaining dust travels down to Earth.
00:36:49If you look at Earth from space, you'll see a blue ocean planet.
00:36:54Almost 70% of its surface is covered with water, and its average depth is 14,000 feet.
00:37:00But if you gathered all the water into a sphere, it would be a mere 870 miles across, just
00:37:07barely enough to cover Texas.
00:37:09That's including all the water in the seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, ice caps, groundwater,
00:37:16and even those tiny droplets in the atmosphere.
00:37:19All Earth's air, yep, all 5,140 trillion tons of it, would make a slightly larger ball.
00:37:26By the way, the further away from the surface, the less dense the atmosphere is.
00:37:31That's why half of Earth's air is within the first 3 miles above the surface of the planet.
00:37:37Every 200,000 to 300,000 years, our planet goes through a magnetic pole reversal.
00:37:43It's not an instant process, though.
00:37:45It can last hundreds or even thousands of years.
00:37:49We live inside the sun.
00:37:52Its atmosphere stretches far beyond its visible surface.
00:37:55And even though Earth is 93 million miles away from the star, it's still within the
00:37:59reach of the sun's atmosphere.
00:38:02This happens when charged particles from the sun get caught by Earth's magnetic field
00:38:07and crash into the upper atmosphere near the poles.
00:38:12The Hudson Bay of Canada is a gravitational anomaly.
00:38:16This area has lower gravity than any other place on Earth.
00:38:20You'd weigh less standing at the equator than at one of the planet's poles.
00:38:26Mars has only 15% of Earth's volume and less than 10% of its mass.
00:38:31Even still, the Red Planet and Earth have almost the same land mass.
00:38:35It's because about two-thirds of our planet's surface is covered in water.
00:38:41The Pacific Ocean contains more than half of the world's free water.
00:38:45It's also by far the largest ocean.
00:38:47All Earth's continents could easily fit into the Pacific Basin.
00:38:52Our planet is gradually slowing down the speed of its rotation.
00:38:56It happens at an unhurried pace of 17 milliseconds per 100 years.
00:39:01Because of this, our days are becoming longer.
00:39:04And still, only after 140 million years, the day on Earth will last 25 hours.
00:39:11The ocean on Jupiter isn't made of water.
00:39:14It's filled with metallic hydrogen, and its depth is a staggering 25,000 miles.
00:39:20That's actually almost the same as the circumference of Earth.
00:39:23A year on Mercury is just 88 Earth days long.
00:39:27This planet also has an extremely squashed orbit.
00:39:31Its distance from the sun varies from 28 to 43 million miles.
00:39:37Even when you're standing, sitting, or lying still,
00:39:40you're moving at more than 1,000 miles per hour.
00:39:43That's the speed at which our planet is spinning through space.
00:39:47At the same time, you'd be moving at this incredible pace
00:39:50only if you're at the equator.
00:39:52Pluto's atmosphere rises much higher above the surface of the dwarf planet
00:39:57than, let's say, the atmosphere of Earth.
00:39:59It also has more than 20 layers.
00:40:02All of them are cold and condensed.
00:40:05Methane gas is a byproduct of natural processes.
00:40:08And this very gas is present in the Martian atmosphere,
00:40:12which confuses astronomers to no end.
00:40:14Mars produces around 270 tons of methane per year.
00:40:19Scientists can't figure out where the gas is coming from.
00:40:24Earth's southernmost continent, Antarctica, is only the fifth largest one.
00:40:28But it contains almost 70% of the planet's fresh water
00:40:32and 90% of the world's ice.
00:40:35Antarctica is also considered to be a desert.
00:40:38The inner regions of this continent get just two inches of precipitation a year,
00:40:43in the form of snow, of course.
00:40:46Mercury's surface is wrinkled.
00:40:49It happened when the planet's iron core cooled down and contracted.
00:40:53The wrinkles can reach a height of one mile and stretch for hundreds of miles.
00:41:00Lots of rocks on Earth have a Martian origin.
00:41:03Scientists analyzed the chemical content of some meteorites
00:41:07found in the Sahara Desert, Antarctica, and other places.
00:41:10And it turned out these rocks had arrived from the red planet.
00:41:15The only asteroid belt in the solar system astronomers know about
00:41:19lies between Mars and Jupiter.
00:41:21There are thousands of asteroids in this region,
00:41:24but they're extremely widely spaced.
00:41:26If you had to go through that area,
00:41:28the chances of colliding with an asteroid would be almost non-existent.
00:41:32The four largest asteroids, sometimes called minor planets,
00:41:36contain half the mass of the entire belt.
00:41:39And still, the total weight of all the asteroids there
00:41:43is a mere 4% of the moon's weight.
00:41:47Mercury is the most cratered planet in the solar system.
00:41:50Its craters are named after famous musicians, artists, and writers.
00:41:56The valley called Valles Marineris on Mars
00:41:59is more than 10 times larger than Earth's Grand Canyon.
00:42:03The origin of this valley puzzles astronomers.
00:42:06After all, Mars isn't a planet known for its active plate tectonics.
00:42:12Atmospheric pressure on Venus is 92 times greater than that on Earth.
00:42:17Venus also has a much denser atmosphere.
00:42:19That's why only big meteorites can make it to the planet's surface.
00:42:23The smaller ones get slowed down and fall into pieces
00:42:27before reaching the ground.
00:42:29Our planet has its magnetic field,
00:42:31thanks to scorching hot liquid metal that's flowing inside its outer core.
00:42:35This creates electric currents,
00:42:37and they, in turn, generate the magnetic field.
00:42:41For the past 200 years, the planet's magnetic north pole
00:42:44has moved northward for about 600 miles.
00:42:48These days, it's traveling faster than it used to,
00:42:5140 miles per year versus 10 miles per year several decades ago.
00:42:56Volcanoes on Pluto, which are called cryovolcanoes,
00:43:00spit not lava, but ice.
00:43:03Instead of molten rock, they erupt water, methane, and ammonia.
00:43:09Jupiter's mass is twice greater than the mass of all the other planets
00:43:13in the solar system combined.
00:43:15Earth is the densest planet in the solar system,
00:43:18but this density varies depending on the planet's part.
00:43:22For example, the crust is less dense than the solid metallic core.
00:43:27Saturn's upper atmosphere is divided into layers of clouds.
00:43:31Those at the top are made of ammonia ice.
00:43:33Then there are water ice clouds, and below them,
00:43:37layers of sulfur ice and cold hydrogen.
00:43:41Uranus rotates on its side.
00:43:43The reason for such an unusual position could be a powerful ancient collision,
00:43:48but so far, it's just a theory.
00:43:50By the way, Uranus is the only planet sitting on its side.
00:43:55Venus rotates in the opposite direction to the sun.
00:43:59The reason might be a powerful collision with an asteroid or another space object.
00:44:05Diapetus, one of Saturn's moons, has an unusual coloring.
00:44:09It's two-toned.
00:44:10One of its sides is dark with a slight reddish hue,
00:44:13while the other is bright.
00:44:15Scientists haven't cracked this mystery yet.
00:44:19Jupiter's moon Io has hundreds of active volcanoes on its surface.
00:44:23It's the most volcanically active body in the entire solar system.
00:44:27The moon is covered in lava lakes and plains of liquid rock.
00:44:31Plumes of sulfur spew up for almost 200 miles.
00:44:37It takes light more than four hours to travel from the sun to Neptune.
00:44:43Of all the planets of the solar system, Jupiter has the shortest day.
00:44:47It lasts for 9 hours and 55 minutes.
00:44:50Such a rapid rotation speed gives the planet its slightly flattened shape.
00:44:56Now, with selfies taking over the social media world,
00:44:59phone companies had to adapt to the way people hold their phones and use their cameras.
00:45:04Apparently, most users tilt their heads slightly to the right when taking selfies.
00:45:08With the camera located in the left corner,
00:45:10it makes it easier to make sure the camera will be in line with the usual tilt of selfie takers.
00:45:16Genius!
00:45:18This allows for a more natural look,
00:45:20making the image look better to leave you feeling great.
00:45:23Cameras on the back of most phones are on the left side as well.
00:45:27Sorry, left-handers, this was designed for the more common right-hander.
00:45:32Mount Everest might be getting all the attention,
00:45:35but Mauna Kea in Hawaii is technically the tallest mountain in the world.
00:45:39Measuring over 33,000 feet from base to summit,
00:45:43the only thing holding Mauna Kea back from the title is that it's mostly underwater.
00:45:49Australia is wider than the moon.
00:45:51The moon has a diameter of over 2,100 miles,
00:45:54while Australia's diameter from coast to coast is almost 2,500 miles.
00:46:00While it may be wider, the moon wins with the land area.
00:46:04Over 15 million square miles!
00:46:06Phew, that's huge!
00:46:08And all that cheese!
00:46:10Antididaphobia is the fear that at any point,
00:46:13somewhere in the world, a duck or goose may be watching you.
00:46:18The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get too close to them or even touch them.
00:46:24They just don't like the feeling of being watched.
00:46:27It was first described in a comic strip to show how anyone can be afraid of anything.
00:46:32Anything can be a phobia.
00:46:34A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.
00:46:38I might just quack up.
00:46:41Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces
00:46:43and have even been found to remember people for a long time.
00:46:48This could be a good thing or a bad thing, depending on how nice you are to them.
00:46:52You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.
00:46:55You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily.
00:46:59So, it might be better to play it safe and just give them all a little wave.
00:47:05In the city of Yoro, in Central America,
00:47:08they have an annual event known as the Rain of Fish.
00:47:11Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.
00:47:14Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through town,
00:47:19leaving a mass of fish flopping around in the streets.
00:47:23The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes,
00:47:27which drop the fish far from home.
00:47:29Seafood delivery for free? Yes, please.
00:47:32A photon, the most basic part of light,
00:47:35takes thousands, maybe millions of years to travel from the Sun's core to its surface.
00:47:40But it only takes 8 minutes and 20 seconds on average
00:47:43to get to your eye once it's at the surface.
00:47:46That means that the sunlight we see is very ancient,
00:47:49older than the human race itself.
00:47:52There are only 4 words in the English language which end in "-dos".
00:47:56Tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.
00:48:00Sounds like the teacher's comment on my report card.
00:48:04A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.
00:48:07It's called a spaghetti.
00:48:10In the Italian language, an I at the end of the word means that it's plural,
00:48:15while an O is singular.
00:48:17This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi,
00:48:21fettuccino instead of fettuccine,
00:48:23and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.
00:48:28Accidentally eating one of those fruit stickers on apples, peaches, and pears
00:48:31shouldn't worry you at all.
00:48:34They can be eaten, but they aren't exactly edible.
00:48:36It'll just leave your body as everything else does.
00:48:40The glue used for them is regulated by the FDA,
00:48:43but it's still recommended that you wash the fruit and remove the sticker
00:48:47before chopping down on it.
00:48:50Dolphins not only have names for each other,
00:48:53but they'll call out for their friends specifically.
00:48:57Makes you wonder what names dolphins have for us when we get in the water.
00:49:01Hey look Frank, those hairless monkeys are back in the water again!
00:49:06German chocolate cake is one of the most delicious cakes out there.
00:49:10It's my all-time favorite,
00:49:12but its name has nothing to do with the country at all.
00:49:15Named after an American baker called Samuel German,
00:49:19who made the tasty treat in 1852.
00:49:23The Eiffel Tower can be 6 inches taller during the summer
00:49:26because of thermal expansion.
00:49:28When the iron heats up during really hot days,
00:49:31the iron particles expand, taking up even more space.
00:49:36Two planets in our solar system rotate the opposite way as the others.
00:49:40Venus and Uranus have this backward rotation.
00:49:43Venus also has the longest day of any planet in our solar system,
00:49:47completing a rotation every 243 Earth days.
00:49:53A baby puffin has the adorable name of puffling.
00:49:57To feed its chick, the puffin parent will carry about 10 fish in its beak at a time.
00:50:04While you sleep, you can't smell anything.
00:50:07Even really, really bad or potent smells.
00:50:11Our taste and smell senses are cut down by 50-20% during flights.
00:50:16This is why airplane food always tastes like cardboard or too salty.
00:50:21Sounds like a pretty convenient excuse from the airlines to me.
00:50:26Look at any watch advertisements, and the time on display should be 10.10.
00:50:31This is because of the positive effect it has.
00:50:34It looks like a smile, and usually, the brand name of the watch is directly below the 12.
00:50:40Stewardesses is the longest word that is typed with only the left side of the keyboard.
00:50:45The word itself isn't used much anymore. Most people say flight attendant instead.
00:50:50Those dum-dums who call out,
00:50:52Hey you! are normally invited to exit the aircraft mid-flight.
00:50:57The longest English word is a crazy 189-819 letters long.
00:51:03I won't spell it out here, but it's the full name for the large protein nicknamed Titan.
00:51:09To say this out loud would take over 3 hours.
00:51:11So grab a snack and settle back, because we're gonna be here for a while.
00:51:16I wouldn't do that to you.
00:51:19Eunoia, at 6 letters long, is the shortest word in the English language
00:51:23that contains all 5 main vowels. Eunoia means beautiful thinking or well-minded.
00:51:30It's rarely used these days in the medical field.
00:51:33And if you add two of them, you'd then have a para-Eunoia. Nah, not really.
00:51:40Glass balls can bounce higher than rubber ones.
00:51:43When a rubber ball hits a surface, it deforms before returning to its original shape.
00:51:48And a lot of energy is lost in this process. A glass ball doesn't compress at all,
00:51:53keeping a lot of its energy for the bounce back up.
00:51:57Here's a flash. Kangaroos can't walk backward.
00:52:00Their long feet and heavy tail make walking impossible, forward or backward.
00:52:06They can move side to side with incredible agility,
00:52:09but jumping back is impossible because of that large muscular tail.
00:52:14So let's go to the hop!
00:52:17The loneliest creature on Earth is a whale that's been calling for a mate for a long time.
00:52:22Researchers identified the whale's abnormally high call decades ago,
00:52:27and it's believed to have never received a response.
00:52:31The unknown whale is called lonely because it communicates at a frequency
00:52:35not used by any other whale in the Pacific Ocean. How sad!
00:52:39Meanwhile, the lyrebird can mimic almost any sound it hears, including chainsaws.
00:52:46The Australian species not only copy other birds,
00:52:51but other animals too, like koalas and dogs.
00:52:57In captivity, they'll also copy artificial sounds, such as car alarms, trucks, and chainsaws.
00:53:06The Northern Hemisphere holds roughly 90% of the world's population.
00:53:11No wonder the streets are so crowded up here!
00:53:14The cougar goes by more names than any other animal.
00:53:18The cougar has been given over 80 names. The puma, mountain lion, panther, and catamount are
00:53:24all the same thing. Just don't confuse them with bobcats, lynxes, jaguars, or leopards.
00:53:30They don't appreciate that.
00:53:32Most people can't lick their own elbow. The length of your arm, combined with the
00:53:37flexibility of your joints, makes this impossible for many. Your elbow is just
00:53:42far enough down on your arm that you can't reach it. Go ahead, try it! I'll wait. Okay, time's up!
00:53:50Octopuses and squids have beaks like birds. The beak is made of the same material that
00:53:55our fingernails are made of – keratin. They can also fit through anything that their beak can,
00:54:01making them the ultimate escape artist. Not you, Houdini!
00:54:06There are over 31 million seconds in a year.
00:54:10We recently discovered this tiny chameleon in Madagascar.
00:54:14At less than an inch long, it's the size of a seed and could fit easily on the tip of your finger.
00:54:21It's nicknamed the nano-lizard and shows how many tiny creatures could be hiding out,
00:54:25undiscovered, away from the eyes of scientists and researchers.
00:54:3011 plus 2 equals 13, of course. And 12 plus 1 equals 13.
00:54:37The 13 letters that make up these phrases equal each other in more ways than one.
00:54:42They are actually anagrams of each other. Wow! Anagrams, homonyms, and antidiphobia!
00:54:49That's a mouthful, but not as sweet as my German chocolate cake. Hey, I'll take seconds!
00:54:57Squirrels' teeth never stop growing, but the animals wear them down by gnawing on nuts and
00:55:03other hard foods. The front of the rodent's teeth is actually orange. It's because they're covered
00:55:08in special tough enamel. Bet you're glad you don't have that to deal with! Some bird species don't
00:55:14mind munching on chili peppers. That's because they can't feel the heat. Peppers burn your mouth
00:55:20because they contain a special chemical, capsaicin, but birds don't have the taste buds needed to feel
00:55:26its effects. The rhino's horn is made of hair, or at least the same protein that makes up your hair
00:55:33and nails. This protein is called keratin. Such a horn is kinda unique since other animals have
00:55:39horns with a bony center. The woodpecker can peck the wood 20 times per second. This pace is almost
00:55:47too high for the human eye to notice. How much wood would a woodpecker peck if a woodpecker could
00:55:52peck wood? The number of pecks often reaches a total of 8,000 to 12,000 a day. A starfish does
00:56:00have eyes, one on the end of each of its arms. These eyes are light-sensitive groups of cells.
00:56:07Frogs don't need to drink water. Instead, they have an area known as the drinking patch.
00:56:13It's on their bellies and thighs. They use it to absorb water directly through the skin.
00:56:18Well, that could save some time. Most caterpillar species have around 4,000 muscles in their body,
00:56:24and almost 250 of them are in the head alone. Christmas tree worms are much more beautiful
00:56:31than you can imagine. But even though the pines look awesome, two-thirds of the worm's body is
00:56:36hidden in a calcium carbonate tube. And the point of this is… I don't have one.
00:56:432. Narwhal's famous tusks are actually their teeth that are kind of turned inside out.
00:56:49These unicorns of the sea have just two teeth, and in males, one of them grows right through
00:56:55their upper lip. Unlike your teeth, this one is tough inside and sensitive and soft on the outside.
00:57:03The anteater doesn't have teeth, but it's not a problem. This creature has a super long tongue.
00:57:09This tongue helps the animal lap up more than 35,000 termites and ants every day.
00:57:16Well, that's one way to lick hunger.
00:57:193. The flea can jump more than 200 times their body length.
00:57:22If humans had such an ability, they would jump as high as the Empire State Building.
00:57:29The red-eyed tree frog's eggs can hatch earlier if they sense their environment isn't safe.
00:57:35Small animals with fast metabolism see in slow-mo. This helps them escape larger creatures.
00:57:42Koalas' fingerprints are very, very similar to the human ones. Sometimes,
00:57:47these animals' fingerprints even get confused at crime scenes. Probably in Australia.
00:57:54The hippo's sweat is pink and not exactly sweat. It's a reddish, oily fluid. Its function is
00:58:01to not cool the body but to moisturize the skin and protect it. This fluid also functions as an
00:58:07antibiotic. So, you get sunburned or cut, you can smear a hippo all over you.
00:58:13Polar bear's skin is black, and the hairs of their coat are hollow and almost see-through.
00:58:19These animals have fur growing even on the bottom of their paws.
00:58:23This gives them a better grip on ice and protects against cold.
00:58:27Some species of tarantulas, some of the largest spiders in the world,
00:58:31can live without food for more than 2 years. I still think they're creepy.
00:58:37Platypuses close their eyes while kissing, I mean, swimming. They have special folds of skin
00:58:43covering their ears and eyes. They prevent water from getting inside. These animals' nostrils also
00:58:49have a watertight seal. Emus can't walk backwards, but scientists aren't sure why. These flightless
00:58:56birds are the only ones that have calf muscles. Emus can sprint really fast. They can also travel
00:59:03long distances, but they can't back up. Crocodiles can't move their tongue because it's attached to
00:59:09the mouth roof. It keeps the throat closed and protects the animal's airway. Water snakes,
00:59:15dolphins, whales, alligators, crocodiles, and turtles can drown. It'll happen if they stay
00:59:22underwater for too long. These animals can't breathe in the water. They can just hold their
00:59:27breath for a very long time. Only one species of birds can fly backwards. That's hummingbirds.
00:59:34Hey, go talk to the emu. These tiny birds can also beat their wings up to 80 times per second.
00:59:42Despite what elephant shrews look like, these small animals are more closely related to
00:59:47elephants than shrews. Maybe that's why they have their trademark trunk-like noses.
00:59:52Elephant shrews use them to munch on insects. Shrew enough!
00:59:57Cats, as well as other felines, can't taste sweet things. They don't have the taste buds
01:00:02needed for that. Too bad, more for me. Flamingos can only eat with their heads
01:00:08upside down. That's why their lower bill is massive and their upper bill isn't fixed. Such
01:00:14an arrangement is perfect for upside-down feeding. But it's the opposite of what other birds have.
01:00:20It's not easy being pink. Tiger skin is as striped as their fur.
01:00:27That's all I have to say about that. When toucans sleep, they curl into pretty tight balls.
01:00:33These birds can turn their head so that their tail covers their head and the beak rests on the back.
01:00:38So yeah, they have a ball. The ostrich has some of the largest eyes in the animal kingdom.
01:00:45They're more massive than a bird's brain. Each eye is as big as a billiard ball.
01:00:51All clownfish get born male, but in some circumstances, they can turn into females.
01:00:57This change is irreversible. Unlike most fish, when seahorses mate,
01:01:03they do it for life. Even cuter, when the mates travel, they move side by side and
01:01:09often hold on to each other's tails. The male usually gets stuck schlepping the luggage.
01:01:14Termites never sleep. They don't need to recharge their batteries.
01:01:18But they can eat 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, on your house.
01:01:23The sloth needs up to 2 weeks to digest its food. Hey, take your time, no hurry,
01:01:30nothing on the schedule. Dogs' nose prints can be used for their
01:01:34identification. They are similar to human fingerprints and unique for each animal.
01:01:40Owls don't have eyeballs. Instead, they have eye tubes that don't move in the eye sockets.
01:01:47Penguins don't have external ears, but their hearing is especially sharp.
01:01:52Especially when they're on the lookout for polar bears. Shh, let's not tell them.
01:01:58Jellyfish are up to 98% water. That's why, when they get washed ashore,
01:02:03their bodies can evaporate into the air after just a few hours.
01:02:08If a traffic jam happens underwater, an alligator will always give way to a manatee. Nice manners!
01:02:17Grizzly bears have such a strong bite that they can crush a bowling ball.
01:02:22So, it's smart just to let them win. Giant pandas aren't picky about their
01:02:27sleeping spots. They usually fall asleep wherever they are, in most cases, right on the forest floor.
01:02:35The giant panda's newborn cubs are tiny. They weigh like a small cup of coffee and are smaller
01:02:41than a mouse. The red handfish can walk along the ocean floor with the help of its hands.
01:02:48But, of course, they are not hands, but evolved fins. Really.
01:02:53Cats don't usually meow at each other. A study has shown the felines use this way of communication
01:03:00mostly to get attention from us humans. And it works.
01:03:06Sloths can't shiver. It's not that they're too busy digesting that two-week-old meal.
01:03:11Their fur is sometimes covered with algae. And when they get too hot or too cold,
01:03:17their metabolism shuts down. During the hard times, immortal jellyfish
01:03:23transform themselves back into their younger state. Once they reach the stage when they're
01:03:28nothing but a blob of tissue, like me, these creatures start to grow again. And this process
01:03:33can apparently repeat again and again. The closest living relatives of the T. rex
01:03:40are chickens and ostriches. Don't turn your back!
01:03:44The moray eel has another set of jaws that can extend from his throat. First, the main jaws
01:03:50close around an unlucky sea creature. Then, the additional set grabs the eel's future meal with
01:03:57backward-pointing razor-sharp teeth. And after that, the captured animal gets dragged back into
01:04:03the eel's throat. I just lost my appetite. Some species of snails have hairy shells.
01:04:10Thanks to these hairs, snails can better stick to wet surfaces.
01:04:14When humpback whales hunt, they often gather in a group and apply a bubble-net tactic to
01:04:20catch their food. The bubbles don't let the schools of fish get away.
01:04:26Snow leopards can't roar like other large felines. It has to do with their less-developed
01:04:31vocal cords. But these animals can meow, growl, hiss, and even purr.
01:04:40Not to drift away from their group while napping, sea otters hold hands. They can also entangle
01:04:46themselves in giant seaweed for the same purpose. Hey, it kelps!
01:04:52Lions are often called the king of the prairie. I thought it was the king of the jungle.
01:04:57And still, up to 90% of all the hunting in the pride is done by the females.
01:05:03The males are in charge of protecting the territory and the pride members. And they
01:05:08make the delicious potato salad known as Hakuna Matata.
01:05:13Cats are famous for their uncanny ability to move their ears.
01:05:17All because kitties have 32 muscles in each outer ear.
01:05:21Some shark species can glow in the dark. Unfortunately, only other sharks can see
01:05:27this greenish glimmer. You have up to 8,000 taste buds,
01:05:32but your pooch has just a bit over 1,500. The blue jay can imitate other birds. Its
01:05:38favorite is a hawk's call. The blue jay uses it to scare away other birds from its territory.
01:05:45Slow lorries are insanely cute and just as treacherous. They're the only known venomous
01:05:51primates. They have a gland in the crook of their inner arm. It secretes toxins that can cause
01:05:57unpleasant consequences in people. The hartebeest has an amazing evasion tactic.
01:06:03To run away from other animals, they move in a zigzag pattern.
01:06:08Bottlenose dolphins have names for one another. Those are specific whistles. Hey, Bob! Hey,
01:06:14Charlie! Hey, Dolly! Hey, boys! And thanks for all the fish!
01:06:19Giraffes have long, and I mean it, black tongues. Scientists suppose this color
01:06:24might protect the tongue from getting sunburned. Well, that's all I got. See ya!
01:06:35It takes about a month for all the skin cells to renew. We shed about 30,000 dead cells every
01:06:4260 seconds, losing about 9 pounds of skin every year. So, when your friends call you flaky,
01:06:48they're not entirely wrong. Our fingernails grow way faster than toenails. The latter grow almost
01:06:544 times slower because they're less frequently damaged than fingernails. Even though we often
01:06:59stumble on them, sudden circulation bursts usually don't last long. An eyelash is only here to stay
01:07:06for 150 days. The world eyelash record was about 3 inches long. They're also home for tiny mites.
01:07:14We blink about 4,200,000 times a year, at least once every 8 seconds. When we sneeze,
01:07:21the air that we blow speeds out at 100 mph. It could accelerate faster than a brand-new Ferrari.
01:07:28Also, you could fracture a rib if you sneeze too hard.
01:07:32Depending on the person, a human produces from half a quart to a full quart of saliva every
01:07:38single day. That's enough saliva to fill several bathtubs in a year. No spit! Saliva acts as a
01:07:45perfect remedy. Wounds in our mouth heal way faster than elsewhere. It also helps to taste
01:07:51food. Our taste buds are ready to perceive it only when it's dissolved in saliva.
01:07:56Now, it may sound crazy, but our bones are stronger than they seem. A cubic inch of human bone can
01:08:02bear about 19,000 pounds, making it 4 times stronger than concrete. The only thing that
01:08:09makes our blood type different is sugar! AB and AB types have 5 types of sugars,
01:08:15while O has only 4, which makes it perfect for donors. Lack of additional sugar doesn't make
01:08:21O type less sweet. In fact, it attracts mosquitoes even more than other blood types.
01:08:27People have only 8 blood types, while cows have 800 and possibly more.
01:08:33Usually, we shed about 50 to 150 hairs a day. An average lifespan of a hair is 5 years,
01:08:40and as soon as an old hair says goodbye to your scalp, a new one starts growing immediately.
01:08:46A human hair is stronger than the same diameter copper wire. A single hair can hold up to 3.4
01:08:53ounces of weight, and if used properly, a full head can hold up to 18,500 pounds.
01:09:00Our stomach is bigger than it may seem with a capacity of nearly half a pound when needed,
01:09:05while the average is around 32 ounces. The food is digested within 4 to 6 hours,
01:09:10and it can also dissolve metal, so capacity matters.
01:09:15Lips are much more sensitive than fingers, having around a million nerve endings.
01:09:20They are 100 times as sensitive as the tips of fingers.
01:09:24Grooves and furrows make our lip print unique, just like fingerprints are. They also remain
01:09:30unchanged throughout our life. Tongue print is unique too, by the way.
01:09:34So, when are we going to see a tongue print reader?
01:09:38Our belly buttons have an entire zoo in them, with a range of about 70 different bacteria.
01:09:43Some of them can also be found in soil in Japan, and even several kinds of bacteria
01:09:48typical for polar ice caps.
01:09:51Our bodies actually glow. We can't see that with the naked eye, though,
01:09:55because the light we emit is 1,000 times less intense than the minimum level we can perceive.
01:10:01Humans are the only living things on Earth that can actually blush,
01:10:05or need to, according to Mark Twain.
01:10:08Blushing is provoked by an adrenaline rush. Carmine, used in blushes and lipsticks,
01:10:14is red dye made up of ground-up beetles. Ew!
01:10:19Your ears keep growing throughout your life. They do sweat too,
01:10:23and earwax is actually the kind of sweat they produce.
01:10:27By the way, your nose never stops growing either.
01:10:31Your heart is the only muscle that never gets tired.
01:10:34The aorta is massive. Its diameter is almost as large as a hose in your garden.
01:10:40We emit about 16 to 48 ounces of gases every day, which is enough to fill a small balloon.
01:10:47Okay, you can insert the appropriate sound effect here.
01:10:51Good job.
01:10:52Fat helps our bodies consume vitamins. Such vitamins as A, D, K, and E can be properly
01:11:00absorbed only when they're dissolved in fat. Our bodies have enough fat to produce 7 bars of soap.
01:11:07Blackheads made of sebum aren't black because they're dirty. They get dark because the debris
01:11:12is oxidized. Some parts of your brain can eat up their own neurons and proteins
01:11:17if you don't provide enough sleep. For example, the hypothalamus that's responsible for your sleep,
01:11:23hunger, and body temperature can do that.
01:11:27You can't inhale and swallow at the same time. I know you've just tried it.
01:11:32That thing called the pharynx is used as an air passage when you inhale,
01:11:36or as a food passage when you swallow.
01:11:39When we're awake, our brain may produce enough energy to turn an electric bulb on.
01:11:45It generates about 10 watts of power.
01:11:48You carry enough bacteria in your body to fill a can. Bacteria make about 3 to 5 pounds of your
01:11:55weight, representing 2% of our total weight. Still, most of them are the waste that our body has.
01:12:02The normal body temperature is considered to be at a range of 97 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit.
01:12:08The highest fever ever recorded was a critical 115 degrees. Oh, and that person survived.
01:12:16The pinky finger may be the smallest one, but it's the strongest one too.
01:12:20It has 50% of all strength of your hand.
01:12:24A human has about 20,000 to 25,000 genes. Still, cornflakes have more genes than we do.
01:12:31Luckily, it's about sophistication, not the quality this time. Cornflakes 1, humans 0.
01:12:38The iron our bodies have is enough to produce 3 nails,
01:12:42each 1 inch long. The carbon that we have can be used for 900 pencils.
01:12:48Your liver has a superpower of growing back removed parts.
01:12:51It can regenerate to the original size from as little as a quarter of itself.
01:12:57The coolest camera so far has 400 megapixels. A human eye has 576. That's why the sunsets are
01:13:05so much better in real life than in the photos. A roller coaster actually tosses your organs
01:13:11around. When you feel as if your stomach's turning over, it might actually be the case.
01:13:17Even though every person on Earth has an absolutely unique smell,
01:13:21identical twins smell exactly the same. It must be because they have identical genes.
01:13:28Almost half of your taste buds will have gone away by the time you turn 60. Your sense of smell
01:13:34gets less acute as you get older too. When you cough, you release the air at
01:13:39about 60 mph. Turnips can be a great remedy for cough. Just slice them and add some honey on top.
01:13:46A tablespoon three times a day is enough.
01:13:50Our skin is the biggest organ that we have. It's also one of the heaviest organs,
01:13:54weighing up to 9 pounds. Hiccups is a two-step process. First, you inhale a lot of air because
01:14:01of a muscle spasm, and then, bang, the airways are closed, the air is blocked,
01:14:06and the famous sound goes inside. We don't smell when we sleep. That's why
01:14:12it's almost impossible to notice a gas leak at night. While sleeping, we can only rely on sound.
01:14:18Well, actually, we can technically smell while we sleep, but normally, a good shower can eliminate
01:14:24that. Out of all the senses we have, smell is the most acute one. We remember 65% of smells
01:14:31after a year, but only 50% of things we've seen over the last 3 weeks. We also get a new nose
01:14:37every 28 days because nose cells are renewed every 4 weeks. As for taste, again, we mostly rely on our
01:14:45smell since it helps us perceive up to 95% of the flavor. Without our smell sense, it'd be hard to
01:14:52tell an apple from a turnip. While a bunch of flowers may be fragrant for you, there are people
01:14:58who suffer from cacosmia. They always seem to smell something unpleasant, even if there's
01:15:04nothing like that around. We need ears not only for hearing but for balance too.
01:15:10Our vestibular system occupies the inner ear. Canals in your inner ear contain fluid and tiny
01:15:17hair-like sensors helping you keep your balance. If you have red eyes in a photo, blame it on
01:15:23bouncing light. The flash jumps off the blood vessels at the back of your eyes, creating that
01:15:29effect. All the bones in your body are connected to each other except for the hyoid. This bone
01:15:35serves as a support to your tongue, and it's one of the rarest bones to break.
01:15:42The Mozilla Firefox logo is a fox embracing the planet. The original browser's logo was a phoenix
01:15:49bird reborn from its flames designed in 2002. Back then, the browser was named Mozilla Firebird.
01:15:57Two years later, they changed the name to Firefox.
01:16:00It's the English nickname for the red panda. It's a rare and protected animal from Asia.
01:16:07There's a bear standing on its hind legs hidden within the famous Toblerone logo.
01:16:12The mountain-shaped chocolate bar was created in Bern, the Swiss capital, by Emil Baumann and
01:16:17Theodor Tobler. It's nicknamed the City of Bears and has a bear featured on its coat of arms.
01:16:25That's why this animal is featured in the image of the Matterhorn Mountain that inspired the logo.
01:16:31The image of a happy girl in Wendy's logo was inspired by the daughter of the fast food chain's
01:16:36creator, Dave Thomas. Wendy is her nickname. If you look closer, you'll notice her collar spells
01:16:42out the word mom. Whether intentional or not, it became something to mean a homely feel the
01:16:48restaurant gives its guests. 9.41, set as the time in iPhone's ads, isn't a random choice of
01:16:55numbers. In 2007, Steve Jobs first introduced the iPhone to the public after a 41-minute
01:17:02presentation at exactly 9.41 a.m. The first Apple logo was designed in 1976 and featured Sir Isaac
01:17:10Newton sitting under a tree with an apple about to fall on his head. It seemed too complex and
01:17:17unclear to many, so Steve Jobs wanted it replaced. The designer of the new logo, Rob Yanov, made it
01:17:24an apple we all know today. He was most likely inspired by the original logo but wanted to make
01:17:30it more simple. He added the bite so that no one would confuse it with a cherry, a peach, or any
01:17:36other round fruit with a stem. Without realizing it, he added a fun pun to the logo. Bite seems
01:17:42very much like the computer term. Toyota's logo symbolizes the merge of the hearts of customers
01:17:49and the company. Two overlapping ovals stand for T for Toyota and the steering wheel. The outer oval
01:17:55is for the world-embracing Toyota. The background space represents the infinite values of the
01:18:00company. Great quality, value beyond expectation, the joy of driving, innovation and integrity and
01:18:08safety, the environment and social responsibility. Life insurance for Apollo 11 astronauts cost a
01:18:16fortune since the mission was so risky and unpredictable. The astronauts couldn't afford it,
01:18:22so they signed hundreds of covers that their families could sell to fund some big expenses
01:18:27in case anything went wrong. Snickers candy bar was created by Frank Mars, founder of Mars Inc.
01:18:34It was inspired by an already existing snack made of nougat, peanut, and caramel and named
01:18:41after Mars's family horse. Until 1990, they called it a marathon candy bar in the UK.
01:18:48As soon as they switched the name to Snickers there, it went from the number one selling candy
01:18:52bar in Britain to the number three. When NBC's logo was developed, colored televisions were
01:18:58revolutionary gadgets. The logo with a rainbow of colors points it out. The peacock illustrates
01:19:05the phrase, as proud as a peacock. It was meant to show they were proud of their new color system.
01:19:11The six different colors of the feathers represent the six different divisions of NBC.
01:19:17The yellow arrow in the Amazon logo that starts at A and ends at Z shows you can buy anything
01:19:23from them, from A to Z. It also looks like a smile, symbolizing the happiness of their customers.
01:19:30The original name of the business was not Amazon, but Cadabra Inc. Jeff Bezos experimented with
01:19:36different names for his website as well, and one of them, Relentless.com, still redirects to Amazon.
01:19:44Papa John's Pizza CEO, John Schnatter, started his business in a broom closet in a bar he co-owned
01:19:51with his dad in Indiana in 1984. Over the years, it has grown to the third largest pizza chain
01:19:58in the world, with 5,500 restaurants in 49 countries. Baskin-Robbins has 31 different flavors.
01:20:09In the letters B and R in the logo, hide this number. The B curve stands for three, and the
01:20:15stem of the R stands for one. You can visit the first website ever created, called the World Wide
01:20:22Web Project, even today. It went live in 1991 and now serves as a historical archive about the
01:20:29World Wide Web. It doesn't have a single picture, just text. The web itself was invented by Tim
01:20:36Berners-Lee, a British scientist working at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research,
01:20:42in 1989. The first product ever scanned at a supermarket was a 10-pack of Wrigley Juicy Fruit
01:20:49Gum in 1974 in Troy, Ohio. The barcode was invented and patented back in 1952, but the idea only took
01:20:58off when its inventor started working for IBM. Until then, grocery clerks had to put a price
01:21:03sticker on every item, and cashiers had to read those tags and type the price by hand.
01:21:09The Quicksilver logo is a customized version of the Great Wave off Kanagawa, a famous wood print
01:21:16by Japanese artist Hokusai. When Quicksilver expanded their business and started a woman's
01:21:22brand Roxy, they mirrored their logo so that one looks like a heart. Until 2010, rural broadband
01:21:30internet was slower than carrier pigeons. In a speed test, they let pigeons with USB sticks fly
01:21:36from a Yorkshire farm to cover the distance of 50 miles. They finished the race an hour and a
01:21:42quarter later. By this time, only 24% of a 300-megabyte file had been uploaded.
01:21:49Picasa lets you organize and view your images online, and its logo is more than a simple
01:21:54colorful camera shutter. The white space in the middle forms a house, meaning it will be a safe
01:22:00home for your photos. It also has a house, or casa in its name, and P stands for pixels. Letters
01:22:09L and G in the LG logo form a human face. L is the nose, and G represents the rest of it. They call it
01:22:15the face of the future, and the idea was to give the brand some human elements and make it friendlier.
01:22:23Many tech companies test their new products in New Zealand. It's an ethnically diverse country
01:22:28with English-speaking people, and most importantly, it's so isolated, news about product failure won't
01:22:34spread quickly. FedEx logo might seem basic when it comes to its colors and font, but it's hiding
01:22:41an arrow between the letters E and X. It stands for speed, accuracy, striving for perfection,
01:22:48and perseverance in achieving goals. The four rings in the Audi logo represent the four companies
01:22:54that blended together to form it. Audi, DKW, Porsche, and Wanderer. The latter started as a bicycle repair shop.
01:23:05Gillette company, famous for its razors, wanted their logo to be as sharp and precise as possible.
01:23:10This is how they ended up with a cut between G and I that forms blade-like shapes on top of each
01:23:16other. Black and white colors in the logo symbolize the elegance, purity, prestige, and excellence of
01:23:22the products. Some people have a fear of technology, aka technophobia. Now, it mostly has to do with
01:23:31complex new devices like computers, but it has its roots back in the time of the industrial revolution.
01:23:37It began in the 18th century when workers were afraid new machines would take their jobs.
01:23:43Google rents goats from a special company in California to mow their lawns.
01:23:47They bring about 200 goats to Google headquarters at Mountain View.
01:23:51It takes them around one week to eat all the unnecessary grass and fertilize the land.
01:23:57The founders of Domino's were originally planning to add a dot to the Domino's in the logo for every
01:24:02new place they opened, but it was growing way too fast and too big for that, so they decided
01:24:07to keep just three dots for the three original locations. In 2004, AT became the first new
01:24:15character to be added to Morse code for the first time in at least 60 years. It consists of the
01:24:21signals for A and C with no break in between, so you can spell your email in Morse code now
01:24:27if you ever have to. In its 150-year history, Levi's had eight logo redesigns. The first one
01:24:35was called the Two Horse Brand. It had a lot of detail in it. The current logo known as Batwing
01:24:41is over 50 years old and represents the shape of a pocket you can find on every
01:24:46pair of Levi's jeans. It's supposed to give a youthful yet timeless feel.
01:24:52Evernote app stores your notes and has an elephant for its logo because the saying goes,
01:24:57an elephant never forgets. And these animals do have an impressive memory.
01:25:02The ear on the elephant is curled over like a post-it note. The H in the Hyundai logo isn't
01:25:08just for the company's name. It's the outlines of two people firmly shaking hands. It's an
01:25:13exchange of trust between the company and its customers. The oval around the figures is a
01:25:18symbol of Hyundai's global expansion. The silver color symbolizes sophistication and perfection.
01:25:24The digital blue version reflects reliability and excellence.
01:25:29Lacoste got its iconic logo thanks to a bet René Lacoste, co-founder of the company,
01:25:34and tennis player made with the captain of the French Davis Cup team.
01:25:37The captain promised to give Lacoste a crocodile-skinned suitcase if he won the match.
01:25:42Lacoste didn't win, but got his nickname Crocodile out of it. He had a crocodile
01:25:47embroidered on his tennis court blazer. When it was time to launch his apparel brand,
01:25:51the crocodile came in handy. Oreos are the world's most popular manufactured cookie,
01:25:57with over 40 billion pieces produced every year.
01:26:02Originally, they were sold by weight at the price of $2.35 for 9.25 pounds.
01:26:08A circle topped with a two-bar cross stamped on each cookie is an Abisko logo that is a European
01:26:14symbol of quality. When Michael Dell started his company in 1984, he planned to turn the
01:26:21world on its ear with his business. That's why the E in Dell's logo is slanted. The blue color
01:26:26stands for loyalty, trustworthiness, confidence, and intelligence.
01:26:31The first mechanical alarm clock could only ring at one time, at 4 a.m. It was invented by Levi
01:26:37Hutchins in 1787 in Concord, New Hampshire. Hutchins designed the device to wake him up for work.
01:26:45The early prototype of alarm clocks was invented by the Greeks in 250 BCE.
01:26:50They used rising water to bring a whistle into action.
01:26:53Airbnb's logo isn't a bent paper clip. It's called a bellow, for belonging. It's a person's
01:27:00head, the location symbol, a pin, and a heart for love. Together, these symbols make Airbnb's famous
01:27:07A. In 2006, Qatar Telecom organized a charity auction, where they sold the phone number 666-66-66
01:27:17to an anonymous bidder for $2.75 million. It became the most expensive phone number in the world.
01:27:26Segway polo is a legit sport with functional teams from all corners of the globe.
01:27:31It doesn't require a particular fitness level, has no age restrictions, and is gaining popularity.
01:27:37There are four 8-minute sections of the game, and the goal is to knock the ball into the goal
01:27:41using a special hammer. If you take a closer look at the Tour de France logo,
01:27:47you'll notice a cyclist hiding in the O, U, and R. The second hidden message here is the
01:27:52yellow circle, representing the stages of the race that only occur during the daytime.
01:27:58Phantom vibration syndrome is how you call that feeling when you think your phone is vibrating,
01:28:03but it isn't. If you often experience that, it might be a sign you're over-involved with your
01:28:08phone. Sony VAIO logo symbolizes the integration of analog and digital technologies in its products.
01:28:15The letters V and A look like an analog wave. The letters I and O are there to resemble the
01:28:21numbers 1 and 0 for a digital signal or binary code. The original Xbox had edited sound bites
01:28:28from actual transmissions from the Apollo space missions. If you left it on the home screen,
01:28:34you'd eventually hear fragments of real chatter from the mission.
01:28:38Pinterest lets you pin stuff you find interesting to your online boards.
01:28:42Its logo shows exactly that. It's a pin design hidden in the letter P. Pin-shaped P's are an
01:28:48important part of Pinterest branding to get people to pin more things by mimicking the action of
01:28:52pushing a pin into a board. Pepsi spent around 1 million dollars to design its logo with many
01:28:59secret meanings. It hints at Feng Shui, the Renaissance, the Earth's magnetic field, the
01:29:04theory of relativity, Mona Lisa, and the Parthenon. Among other things, it is supposed to serve as the
01:29:11key to the universe. Nintendo was founded back in 1889, long before computers as a playing card
01:29:19company. They still produce those in Japan and even organize a bridge tournament called the
01:29:24Nintendo Cup. In 1973, a Motorola engineer made the first cell phone call in history from 6th
01:29:32Avenue in New York City. He was using a 2.5 pound prototype to call a rival from Bell Laboratories.
01:29:39There was silence at the other end of the line. The phone was almost the size of a shoebox,
01:29:43allowed its owner to talk for 35 hours and needed 10 hours to recharge.
01:29:49The first commercial text message in history was sent on December 3rd, 1992,
01:29:54and was wishing happy holidays to the recipient, who was a Vodafone employee.
01:29:58Now the average number of texts sent is 6 billion per day.
01:30:03Apple used to have its clothing line in 1986, called the Apple Collection. They did it one
01:30:08year after Steve Jobs' temporary resignation. The idea was to see how far their fans would go in
01:30:13buying branded clothing, accessories, and lifestyle items. The horizontal lines in the IBM
01:30:19logo remind those times when photocopies had difficulties reproducing large blocks of solid
01:30:25ink. Originally, there were 13 lines in the logo, but then they reduced the number to 8,
01:30:30as they had ink bleeding problems with the 13 lines in their print media.
01:30:35The serif on the bottom of the M has an equal sign to show they value equality.
01:30:405 megabytes of data used to weigh one ton. In 1953, engineers in IBM's laboratory invented
01:30:47the first hard drive. The cabinet containing it weighed over 2,200 pounds and could hold
01:30:53just 5 megabytes of data. McDonald's logo isn't just a letter M,
01:30:59but also the symbol of the original golden arches of the restaurant chain.
01:31:03They realized prospective customers could see them well from the highway and would stop by.
01:31:08The world's first computer mouse was invented in 1964 and called XY Position Indicator for
01:31:14display systems. It was rectangular and made from wood with a little button on the top right.
01:31:20The inventor, Doug Engelbart, called it a mouse because of the cord coming from it that looked
01:31:25like that of a mouse. The name Mitsubishi is a combination of Mitsu, which means three,
01:31:31and Hishi, which means water chestnut. The Japanese used this word to denote a
01:31:36diamond shape. So, put together, the brand name translates as three diamonds.
01:31:42The shield shape of the NFL logo symbolizes the league's commitment to the highest standard of
01:31:47sporting entertainment. The eight stars stand for the eight divisions currently used in the NFL.
01:31:53The first word that has ever been autocorrected was te. To do it, you had to press the left arrow
01:31:59and F3. Northwest Airlines' logo has an N and a W in negative spaces.
01:32:06The triangle in the circle is a compass that points northwest.
01:32:09The airlines were flying up high from 1926 until 2010 when they merged with Delta.
01:32:16A study from Beth Israel Medical Center in New York showed that surgeons who grew up playing
01:32:21video games more than three hours per week make 37% fewer errors, perform 27% faster,
01:32:28and scored 42% better at the test of surgical skills.
01:32:32The Mercedes-Benz brand is a product of merging the companies of Gottlieb Daimler
01:32:36and Carl Benz. Benz Company's logo that was Benz Lettering, surrounded by a laurel wreath,
01:32:42was registered as a trademark in 1909. Daimler had a Mercedes star for a logo.
01:32:49When the companies merged in 1925, they got a new shared logo of Daimler's Mercedes star
01:32:54in Benz's laurel wreath. The star has three points that represent land, sea, and air.
01:33:00These are the three environments the company originally planned to dominate.
01:33:05Carrefour translates into English as crossroads and has a logical logo of two stylized arrows,
01:33:11symbolizing the different directions you can take. The logo is in the French national colors of red,
01:33:17blue, and white. In the white space between the arrows forms the letter C.
01:33:23Salvador Dali designed the Chupa Chups lollipop's logo. The artist put the existing text on a
01:33:28colored daisy-shaped background. He also wanted to move the logo to the top of the lollipop wrapper
01:33:33from the side, so that it would always be intact and visible to buyers.
01:33:38The first ever computer virus was developed in 1971. It was named the Creeper program
01:33:44and designed as a security test to see how it would spread between computers.
01:33:49Samsung was founded as a grocery store on March 1, 1938, which makes it 38 years and
01:33:55one month older than Apple. Founded on April 1, 1976, the first phone was released to the public
01:34:02back in 1874. It took three years for it to be in the homes of around 50,000 people and another 75
01:34:09years to get to the 50 million people point. It only took the radio 38 years to get to the same
01:34:14number and television made it in just 13 years. The Google logo seems pretty basic when it comes
01:34:21to colors. There's primary red, yellow, and blue, but they also added green that interrupts the primary
01:34:27color scheme. It's supposed to show that Google is an innovator that doesn't do what's expected
01:34:31of it and is unique from other companies. Shell oil giant has been around since 1904 and its yellow
01:34:39red logo has changed a lot over the years. The original one was a more realistic picture of a
01:34:44Pac-10 shell. The current logo is more stylized.
01:35:02The tuatara is a reptile that has a third eye on top of its head. The eye has a retina, nerve
01:35:08connections, and a lens, but isn't used for seeing as during growth it quickly becomes covered by
01:35:14scales. Scientists are still trying to find the eye's mysterious function. There's only one letter
01:35:20that doesn't appear in the name of any of the 50 U.S. states. There's a Z in Arizona and even two
01:35:26pesky X's in New Mexico and Texas. But search a map and you won't find a single Q in any U.S. state
01:35:34name. It's estimated that a total of 108 billion people have lived on Earth throughout its history.
01:35:42Ever wondered what that tiny pocket in your jeans is for? It's a watch pocket and was originally
01:35:48intended as a place to store pocket watches. It dates back to 1879 as a new feature on a
01:35:54pair of Levi's jeans. Over 3 billion pounds of potatoes are used to make McDonald's fries every
01:36:01year, which is around 15% of all the potatoes grown in America in 2020. Unlike humans, cats
01:36:09don't have the same amount of toes on their front and back paws. They usually have five toes on
01:36:15their front paws, but only four on their back ones. If you've got a feline companion, go take a look!
01:36:22The entire population of Earth could fit inside Los Angeles. With the world's population being
01:36:277.5 billion, this seems crazy! But if everyone stood shoulder to shoulder, we could all fit
01:36:34inside 500 square miles. Pigs aren't the only animals that are great at finding truffles.
01:36:41Dogs are just as good thanks to their sense of smell and are now used more commonly.
01:36:47The current American flag was designed by a high school student. Bob Heft designed the flag for his
01:36:53history class in 1958 and was only given a B- for his efforts. Later, his design was chosen out of
01:37:01more than 1,500 others to become the new flag. His grade was unsurprisingly changed to an A after this.
01:37:09The pandas in your local zoo may look at home, but unless you're in China, they're just on vacation.
01:37:15That's because technically all pandas are on loan from China and are the property of that country.
01:37:22The sentence, the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog, uses every letter in the English
01:37:28language. In 1974, a full NASA spacesuit cost between $15 and $22 million. But over time,
01:37:37NASA hasn't replaced worn-out suits, leading to them only having 4 working EVA suits left.
01:37:43But have no fear! Since 2009, NASA has been working to upgrade their outside-the-spaceship
01:37:49wardrobe with an investment of $200 million. Does that come with sequins?
01:37:55Hot water actually may freeze faster than cold water. This is because the cooled water at the
01:38:00bottom is denser than the hot water at the top, and this uneven temperature distribution speeds
01:38:05up the cooling process. In a 12-hour period, it's likely that an ant will only take 8 minutes of
01:38:12rest. They're really switching up the definition of a power nap! Camels have 3 sets of eyelids
01:38:20and 2 rows of eyelashes to protect them from the blowing sands of the desert.
01:38:25The letter X was first used to represent a kiss all the way back in 1763. It was first
01:38:31used in a letter written by British naturalist Gilbert Wynne. No one actually knows if we're
01:38:38spelling William Shakespeare correctly, and it looks like the man himself wasn't too sure either.
01:38:43He signed his name in a number of ways. But it turned out he never signed anything
01:38:48as William Shakespeare, despite it being the accepted spelling today.
01:38:54The word swims still looks the same even when turned upside down, like that.
01:39:01A tiny percentage of the static that you see on old TV screens is residual radiation left over
01:39:07from the Big Bang. If you were to lift up the tail of a kangaroo, and I wouldn't necessarily
01:39:13recommend this, the animal would no longer be able to hop. Kangaroos use their tails as a third leg
01:39:20to propel them forward and also to keep balance. So, basically, they'd fall over.
01:39:26If you're heading to London to see the famous London Bridge, think again as the original bridge
01:39:32is now in Arizona. By the 1960s, London Bridge was falling down. Really. And so, the city decided
01:39:39to sell it to an American oil tycoon, Robert P. McCullough. It was disassembled, each piece labeled,
01:39:45shipped over to the U.S., and reassembled. It can now be found in Lake Havasu City.
01:39:52Movie trailers, those teasers of upcoming movies shown before the main feature,
01:39:56were originally shown after the movie, which is why they're called trailers.
01:40:03You don't have to worry about a crocodile mocking you, as they can't actually stick
01:40:08out their tongues. Crocs have a membrane in their mouth which prevents the tongue from moving.
01:40:14English is the most widely spoken language in the world, but 4 times more people speak it as
01:40:19a second language than as their mother tongue. Speaking of England, the crown jewels contain
01:40:25two of the largest cut diamonds of all time. The Cullinan Diamond is the largest diamond ever found
01:40:31and is part of the sovereign's scepter with cross. The second gem is the aptly named Cullinan II,
01:40:37which is mounted in the impressive imperial state crown. So now you know.
01:40:43Every glass of water you drink probably contains water molecules that have also been drunk by a
01:40:48dinosaur. The dinosaurs were around for 186 million years, compared to humanity's 200,000,
01:40:55giving them a lot more time to drink Earth's water than us.
01:41:01Huge diamonds could be raining down on Jupiter and Saturn as you watch this video.
01:41:05That's because lightning storms turn methane into carbon, which gradually hardens as it falls
01:41:11and turns into diamonds. Beneath the Easter Island heads, they actually have hidden bodies.
01:41:18In the 1900s, archaeologists dug up two of the statues to find full torsos measuring 30 feet.
01:41:25That's the torso was 30 feet long, not that the statue had 30 feet. That would be weird.
01:41:31Next time you're struggling to concentrate when studying, try reaching for a stick of gum. A study
01:41:37found that participants who chewed gum while taking a memory test could stay focused longer
01:41:42than those who didn't. Common sense would suggest that trees have been around before most animals
01:41:48as they produce oxygen for us to breathe. If you were to tell this to a shark, it would laugh as
01:41:54the sea creatures were actually around long before trees. Sharks date back around 400 million years,
01:42:00with trees coming in about 50 million years later. Yeah, I wanna see a shark laugh.
01:42:07Listen closely next time you turn on the hot and cold water taps as water actually makes
01:42:12different pouring sounds depending on its temperature. The heat changes the thickness
01:42:17of the water, which changes the pitch of the sound it makes when it's poured.
01:42:21There may be a new suspect to add to police lineups, and that suspect is a koala bear.
01:42:27While gorillas and chimps have fingerprints similar to humans, so does the cuddly koala.
01:42:33The Comic Sans font has divided people across the world for decades,
01:42:37and has developed a reputation for being informal or unprofessional. This makes perfect sense given
01:42:43its creation as designer Vincent Conner looked to his favorite comic books like Watchmen for
01:42:49inspiration. Think of the first thing that comes to your head when Transylvania is brought up.
01:42:55It's vampires, right? But Dracula's author Bram Stoker never actually visited the mountainous
01:43:01region of Romania, which cemented Transylvania in the legend of the vampire forever.
01:43:08The first college football game took place as far back as 1869, and was between Rutgers and
01:43:14Princeton. Rutgers won the game 6-4. If you're looking for a bodyguard from the animal kingdom,
01:43:21look no further. The silverback gorilla can lift up to 10 times its own body weight,
01:43:26which translates to a total of around 1,800 pounds.
01:43:30This makes them one of the strongest living mammals on Earth.
01:43:34Ever wondered how a city gets named? In Portland, it came down to a coin flip.
01:43:40If the coin had landed the other way around, we'd be calling it Boston, Oregon.
01:43:45Iceland is growing 2 inches every year. This is because it's divided by the North American
01:43:50and European tectonic plates. So as the plates push wider apart, the bigger Iceland gets.
01:43:56The average person will spend a whopping 6 months of their life
01:43:59waiting for red traffic lights to turn green. Poor yellow isn't even mentioned.
01:44:05Humans are the only animals with chins. While other animals, like the chimpanzee,
01:44:10share similarities with humans, like walking on two legs or having a jaw,
01:44:15none actually have that little bit of bone in the middle of the lower jaw.
01:44:19So hey, when you're feeling down, chin up!
01:44:25Oh, the phone's ringing. Must be something urgent. At 11 PM?
01:44:29Only, all the gadgets in the house are silent. It's your ears that are ringing. You can also
01:44:35hear some hissing, whistling, buzzing, and even roaring. But all this noise doesn't have an
01:44:41external source. That's why it's known as phantom sounds. They can occur in one or both ears,
01:44:49constantly or from time to time. They're usually most noticeable at night when nothing distracts
01:44:54you. Hearing noise in your ears is called tinnitus. It's quite common and affects 15-20%
01:45:00of people. Tinnitus starts in the part of your inner ear shaped like a snail. It's called the
01:45:06cochlea. Your middle ear picks up sound waves. They get translated into electrical impulses in
01:45:14the inner ear. Then, sensory nerves carry these impulses to your brain. If your inner ear works
01:45:20incorrectly, your brain can misinterpret the sounds. Tinnitus occurs when there are some
01:45:26changes in the cochlea's nerve. They can be caused by loud noise, like chainsaws, jackhammers,
01:45:32loud music, or shouting. Tinnitus can start after a head, neck, or ear injury, or after you begin
01:45:39to take certain medications. You can also hear ringing in your ears if you have some blood
01:45:43pressure issues. Elsewhere in the amazing human body, some of the bacteria living in your gut
01:45:50can produce electricity. Shocking! They give off electrons, and this creates tiny electrical
01:45:56currents. That's likely to be the bacteria's backup system, their way to generate energy.
01:46:03Humans are the only animals that have chins. Even our closest genetic relatives, gorillas and
01:46:08chimps, lack this small piece of bone that extends forward from the jaw. Their lower jaws
01:46:14slant down and back from their front teeth. Scientists still haven't figured out this
01:46:19mystery. The opinions about why people are made this way differ. Some researchers think
01:46:24chins help us chew our food. Others are sure they have something to do with speaking.
01:46:29A few of us think it's simply a special place to grow a goatee.
01:46:33Blinking keeps your eyes clean and moist. But that's not all. Every time you blink,
01:46:39you take a micro-nap. Researchers from Washington University have found out that
01:46:44blinking makes your attention sharper and works as a teeny recharge.
01:46:50Ever seen tiny dots traveling in squiggly lines, especially when you're looking at a bright blue
01:46:56sky? These dots are only visible for a second or so and might look like itty-bitty worms.
01:47:02Those are your white blood cells moving through the capillaries in front of the retina.
01:47:07That's the light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eyes. Curiously, most people don't even
01:47:12notice the dots unless asked to pay attention. The pineal gland in your brain handles the
01:47:18production of melatonin. That's the very hormone that regulates your sleep patterns.
01:47:24The gland looks like a pine nut, and that's how it got its name.
01:47:28The human brain is 73% water, and the same is true about the heart. That's why if your brain
01:47:35loses even 2% of liquid, you start to feel tired. It also makes your memory worse,
01:47:41shortens your attention span, and puts a dampener on your mood.
01:47:45By the way, your brain makes sure you don't drink too little or too much water. After you
01:47:51swallow some liquid, your mouth and throat start to fire signals to your brain, telling it to stop
01:47:57drinking. Otherwise, you'd be gulping down water for the entire 10-60 minutes it takes the liquid
01:48:02to get to your cells. Your eyes can see something for a mere 13 milliseconds, and your brain will
01:48:09already process this image. For comparison, the average blink lasts from 100 to 400 milliseconds.
01:48:17Even though the tongue isn't the strongest muscle in your body, it never gets tired. That's because
01:48:23of the way it's built. It's made up of 8 interwoven muscles. But unlike other muscles in your body,
01:48:29these aren't situated around a supporting bone. The tongue's structure is similar to an elephant's
01:48:35trunk or an octopus's tentacles. Your body emits visible light. That's
01:48:43why they call me sunny. You're the brightest at 4pm, and your glow is the least visible at 10am.
01:48:51Unfortunately, this glowing is a thousand times less intense than what your eyes can see.
01:48:56Sweat is mostly water mixed with proteins, sugars, ammonia, and a lot of other stuff. It even contains
01:49:03tiny amounts of trace metals, like copper, zinc, nickel, iron, and so on. What makes sweat taste
01:49:10salty is the sodium it contains. Plus, the more salt you eat, the saltier your sweat is. Your
01:49:16body's trying to get rid of the excess, and the fastest way is to sweat it out.
01:49:22In an adult, the blood makes up 7-8% of the total body weight. About 55% of your blood is liquid
01:49:29plasma. The rest is red and white blood cells and platelets. They form clots and prevent bleeding.
01:49:37You can't swallow and breathe at the same time. The food you swallow and the air you breathe
01:49:42go down the same part of your throat at first. Only a bit deeper, the passage splits into the
01:49:48esophagus for food and liquid, and trachea for air. When you swallow, your airway gets
01:49:54automatically closed off. This prevents you from accidentally inhaling food. But occasionally,
01:50:01it still happens. Your brain sometimes generates more than 48 thoughts in just one minute.
01:50:07That's almost 3,000 thoughts per hour and 69,000 per day!
01:50:13Fingernails grow faster on the dominant hand. If you use your right hand more, you'll have to trim
01:50:18nails on it more often. Fingernails also grow more quickly in the summer and during the day.
01:50:25You might keep in memory up to 10,000 different faces. Sure, it varies from person to person,
01:50:31and the average number is 5,000. It doesn't mean you can put a name to each of these faces.
01:50:36It's only about recognizing the features. You might try to hide the truth, but your nose
01:50:43will always give you away. When a person tells a lie, the temperature around their nose and in the
01:50:48inner corners of their eyes goes up. This phenomenon is known as the Pinocchio effect.
01:50:56Women have more taste buds on the surface of their tongues than men do.
01:51:00It's one of the reasons why 35% of ladies and only 15% of guys are supertasters. Those are
01:51:07people who feel flavors more strongly than others. Your teeth are the only part of your body that
01:51:14can't repair itself. But the enamel they're covered with is one of the toughest things
01:51:19in the human body. Your heartbeat often syncs with the music you're listening to.
01:51:24If a piece has a continuous increase in volume or tempo, like rock, it can make your heart rate
01:51:30faster. Some classic music lowers heart rate and blood pressure. This phenomenon affects everyone
01:51:36from professional musicians to amateurs and music lovers.
01:51:41There are 2 to 5 million sweat glands on your body. The sweat they produce is of two different
01:51:46kinds – stress sweat and regular sweat. Don't sweat the small stuff, huh? The sweat caused by
01:51:53stress has fatty acids and proteins in it. And the regular sweat is mostly made up of water,
01:51:59salt, and a tiny bit of other substances. It's actually possible to brush your teeth too
01:52:05thoroughly and hard. This can wear down the enamel and make your teeth super sensitive to cold and
01:52:11hot foods. If you walked in the same direction for 12 hours a day, you would need around 800
01:52:18days to travel around the globe. And don't forget your rubber boots for the ocean parts.
01:52:24If your stomach acid made contact with your skin, it would most likely eat a hole in it.
01:52:29All because of hydrochloric acid. This type of acid is incredibly potent. It can easily dissolve
01:52:36some metals, for example, magnesium or zinc. Hydrochloric acid is the main component of the
01:52:42gastric acid your stomach produces. It protects your immune system and gets rid of viruses and
01:52:48bacteria in the food you eat. This acid also helps your body break down, digest, and absorb
01:52:54all kinds of nutrients, including proteins. Your lips look red because there is a great
01:53:01concentration of miniature blood capillaries right below the skin. Your pinky is a powerful little
01:53:07thing. Without it, your hand would lose a significant part of its power. Your index and
01:53:13middle fingers cooperate with your thumb to grab and pinch. And your pinky, together with your ring
01:53:18finger, provides grip strength. The fattest organ in your body is your brain. Fat makes up at least
01:53:2760% of its dry weight. This quality got the brain to the Guinness World Records. The organ contains
01:53:34around 25% of your body's cholesterol, which is vital for the brain's well-being. So, is that
01:53:40where the term fat head comes from? Your skeletal cells never stop regenerating.
01:53:46That's why you get a new skeleton every 10 years or so. This process slows down with age,
01:53:53and the regeneration takes longer. That's one of the main reasons why bones become thinner.
01:53:59And there's a newly discovered type of brain cells crucial for visual search. They're called
01:54:04target cells. Without their help, you wouldn't be able to spot an acquaintance in a crowd
01:54:09or your dog in the park. Interestingly, target cells don't care what the thing you're searching
01:54:15for looks like. All they want to know is whether an object is your target or not. Hey, it's not picky!
01:54:24It's 6 a.m. and your first alarm goes off. You reach for it and hit the snooze button.
01:54:30Five minutes later, the flying alarm gets into your bedroom. Ten minutes later, you have two
01:54:35alarms as loud as sirens and your dog barking like crazy trying to wake you up. This is your
01:54:41typical morning, so you decide to train yourself to get by with less sleep. Some people say you
01:54:47can reduce sleep time by an hour or two every night and feel just as good. Sleep experts debunk
01:54:53this myth. An average person needs between 6 and 9 hours a night. You must already know your number.
01:55:00You can force yourself into earlier wake-ups and feel seemingly well at first, but your sleep debt
01:55:06will gradually build up. As a result, your brain won't be able to function to its fullest if you
01:55:11don't get your needed rest time. Your concentration level will drop, your reaction will become slower,
01:55:17and you'll feel confused and distressed. If you know you'll have to reduce the amount of sleep
01:55:22for a certain period of time, try banking sleep in advance. Experiments prove going to bed a couple
01:55:29of hours earlier than usual every night for a week could help you suffer less once you have to
01:55:34sleep less. Don't make a habit out of it, though. Sleeping in on every weekend won't compensate for
01:55:40your sleep deprivation during the week. The 10-3-2-1-0 technique works miracles.
01:55:47The idea is to stop taking caffeine in any form 10 hours before bed, then no food at all 3 hours
01:55:54before bed. You must stop working to take your mind off things 2 hours before sleep. No more
01:56:00screen time 1 hour before bed. That includes your phone, TV, and computer. The blue light emitted
01:56:07by them all disrupts your sleep. Finally, the zero in the formula stands for the number of times
01:56:12you'll hit the snooze button in the morning. Experts confirm this technique can definitely
01:56:17work and help you sleep well and wake up energized the next morning.
01:56:21Rub the on-me-on spot 1-200 times to fall asleep in no time. That little spot is between your
01:56:29earlobe and the hairline that comes up the back of your neck. Videos of people rubbing it with
01:56:34their thumb or forefinger have gone viral. They say it helps to relax the nervous system. Sleep
01:56:39experts debunk this myth as sleep is about your brain and hormones and not about massaging
01:56:45yourself. One way the rubbing could work out is exhausting you so much you'd fall asleep eventually.
01:56:51Sleeping positions don't matter. Definitely a myth. The way your spinal column is aligned and
01:56:57your head is supported means a lot. A bad position can cause neck or back pain or make breathing
01:57:03uncomfortable. You most likely sleep in one of three positions. The majority of people are side
01:57:09sleepers. This lateral position is pretty good for you, especially if you prefer the left side.
01:57:15Try not to curl up, though. It may prevent you from breathing deeply.
01:57:20Sleeping on your back is called the supine position. No matter if you sleep with your
01:57:24arms down and close to the body, or like a starfish with your arms up over your head,
01:57:29it could make your low back pain worse and take your snoring to the next level.
01:57:34This position is good for your neck, though. If you prefer to sleep on your stomach,
01:57:39it's the prone position. It can help ease snoring but doesn't put your neck and spine
01:57:44in a neutral position and puts pressure on your nerves. Put your socks on to fall asleep faster.
01:57:51Now, a bad idea. It won't send you to dreamland instantly, but it can be one of the clues for
01:57:56your brain it's time for. Wearing socks promotes blood circulation to your feet. The vessels widen
01:58:03and can get rid of heat much faster. This drops down your core body temperature faster than usual,
01:58:08and that's what you need for a good, healthy sleep. If you don't want to go to bed with your
01:58:13socks on, at least let some cool fresh air in. Your body knows it's bedtime when its temperature
01:58:19drops and it gets the signal it needs some good rest. The process will be much slower in a room
01:58:25that's too warm. Cooler bedroom air also improves your sleep quality, and you won't wake up in the
01:58:31middle of the night drenched in sweat. It also stimulates melatonin production. When you have
01:58:37enough of it and serotonin in your brain, you'll wake up rested and happier the next day.
01:58:43Immersing your face in cold water for 30 seconds is another express way to slow down your heart
01:58:48rate and narrow the blood vessels. It sends your body into a relaxed hibernation mode.
01:58:54Squeeze your muscles, and you'll doze off in no time. Progressive muscle relaxation really works.
01:59:00Your muscles have been working all day, and they also need to unwind, just like your mind.
01:59:06You can go from your head down to your toes, or in the opposite direction.
01:59:10Start with a deep breath, then tense your toes. Hold them for 5 seconds, and then relax them for
01:59:1630 seconds. Move to your calves and thighs, and do the same. Contract and relax. Continue to your
01:59:24abs and the backside. Move up to your hands, then arms and shoulders. Don't rush, go muscle by
01:59:31muscle and focus your mind on what you're doing. No external thoughts allowed. Finally, work your
01:59:37chest, neck, and don't forget about your face. Tighten your jaws, and then relax them.
01:59:43If you're feeling lazy to do all that, at least work out your toes as you lie in bed.
01:59:49Curling and uncurling them for a while is a great way to release the tension from your entire body.
01:59:54It's so repetitive, your body is slowly moving into sleep mode.
01:59:59The sound of frying bacon can make you sleepy. Science has it that the comforting and repetitive
02:00:05sound of bacon sends some chilling vibes to your brain. It's perfect for falling asleep,
02:00:11and as white noise while you're working and need to focus on something. You don't have to
02:00:15fry bacon before bed. Listening to a recording of it will do. Speaking of bacon, certain foods can
02:00:22also help you drift off. The secret is to have brinner – breakfast for dinner. Bananas help
02:00:28your muscles relax, thanks to potassium. Eggs are rich in protein that promotes healthy sleep.
02:00:34Almonds slow down your heart rate a bit. Oats and honey send the right amount of melatonin to
02:00:40your brain. Chicken or turkey has tryptophan in it, which boosts the production of relaxing mood
02:00:45hormones. Yogurt and other dairy products like milk have the same effect. Foods you should avoid
02:00:52before going to sleep, unless you want to be awake all night, are cheese, fatty foods, all things
02:00:58spicy, and, of course, coffee. A long daytime nap is great for you. Naps are fine, but you better
02:01:05keep them under one hour and enjoy them before 2-3 pm. If you nap for longer, you'll likely fall
02:01:12into the deep stages of sleep. You'll wake up with a groggy feeling and not refreshed at all.
02:01:17You'll also likely sleep off some of the sleep debt you have from the morning.
02:01:21It means you could have trouble falling asleep at night. To get the most productive nap,
02:01:27set an alarm to limit your nap to 10-20 minutes. Nap around the halfway point between your wake-up
02:01:33and the time you want to go to bed. Find a dark, cool, and quiet place. Don't think about your work
02:01:39tasks or problems. Focus on what you're going to get from this nap. You gotta stay awake all night
02:01:45to cure a jet lag. This is a popular myth, as depriving yourself of sleep won't help you adjust
02:01:51to the new time zone. There is no cure for jet lag, but you could try spending as much time
02:01:57outside as you can. Natural light should help you feel better and get some sound sleep.
02:02:03You can start preparing yourself for your future trip ahead of time. If you're traveling east,
02:02:08say from New York to London with a 5-hour time difference, start shifting your schedule 4-5
02:02:14days before the trip by one hour. So, by the time you get there, you'll be used to local time.
02:02:20When it's time to go back home, the same tips will work. You can also start preparing yourself
02:02:25and adjusting your bedtime in advance. Hey, I wanna go to London. Or New York. Either one.
02:02:34Oceans cover 70% of the Earth. On average, the ocean is 8 Empire State Buildings deep,
02:02:40and less than 5% of its mysterious depths have been explored. It's even possible to find lakes
02:02:45and rivers beneath the ocean. They're denser than the rest of the water surrounding them,
02:02:49so you can clearly see the difference. When the coral is in shallow waters, intense sunlight can
02:02:55damage the algae living inside it. To protect the algae, the coral produces some proteins that act
02:03:00as some kind of sunscreen for it, so they really don't need to spend money on it. Okay, most of
02:03:06the ocean may not be explored, but what we do know is about 20 million tons of gold is dispersed
02:03:12through its dark waters. It's concentrated in really small amounts, which is why it doesn't
02:03:17pay off to mine it. If we could take it out, every person on the planet would get 9 pounds of gold.
02:03:23When sharks need their morning joe, they go to a cafe too. Back in 2002, researchers found an
02:03:30area in the Pacific Ocean called the White Shark Cafe, where great white sharks come during the
02:03:35winter. They simply hang out, tell jokes, and laugh at stories of how many humans they've scared,
02:03:40and then go back to the coast to scare us a little bit more when the weather gets warmer.
02:03:44Hey, have you had a great white latte? Try one! The widest point of the Pacific Ocean goes from
02:03:50Indonesia to Colombia, and at that part it's 12,300 miles across, over 5 times wider than the
02:03:56diameter of the Moon. We might imagine oceans are cold, especially in depths where the temperature
02:04:02is only 40 degrees Fahrenheit. But there's an exception. Water that comes out of hydrothermal
02:04:07vents in the seafloor has a temperature of up to 750 degrees. Humans are the only animals whose
02:04:14brain gets smaller. Yep, as we get older, it tends to shrink. It can do so even because of
02:04:20isolation and loneliness. Other animals, even some of our distant cousins from another side
02:04:25of the family tree, like monkeys and chimpanzees, have no problem with that. I'm guessing television
02:04:31is the probable cause. Our eardrums have nothing to do with the sense of sight, but they still move
02:04:36when we move our eyes. In the average lifetime, our heart beats over 2.5 billion times. I've
02:04:43counted. Our nose can detect over 1 trillion smells, and our lips are hundreds of times more
02:04:49sensitive than the tips of our fingers. Two of our body parts never stop growing – your nose and your
02:04:55ears. Cockroaches are tough. They can survive harsh conditions and have been around since
02:05:01dinosaurs ruled our planet. But the termite queen beats all that with a lifespan of 50 years.
02:05:07That's the longest any insect can live. Regular termites live only 1-2 years.
02:05:13It's not the water camels store in their humps, but fat. They store water in their bloodstream.
02:05:19Bees can fly really high – more than 29,500 feet, which is even higher than Mount Everest,
02:05:25the tallest mountain on our planet. Sloths are able to hold their breath longer than dolphins.
02:05:30Yep, they slow their heart rates, and they can stay that way for almost 40 minutes.
02:05:35Dolphins have to come to the surface to catch some air every 10 minutes.
02:05:39The Moon has volcanoes, and scientists believe these might've been active around 100 million
02:05:44years ago, when dinosaurs still ruled our planet. Wow, the view must've been magnificent!
02:05:50There are watermelons the size of a grape. Cucamelons, if you prefer, mouse melons,
02:05:56actually look like really small watermelons, but at the same time, have a citrus flavor.
02:06:02Not just mouse melons, there's also the kangaroo mouse. This animal doesn't feel the need to drink
02:06:07water. It lives in the Nevada desert, and since its habitat is really dry, it simply learned to
02:06:13quench its thirst through seeds it likes to eat. You may think parking is expensive in the area
02:06:18where you live, but it's probably cheaper than a spot you'd pay in Hong Kong. Just a 135-square-foot
02:06:25spot placed in front of the Centre, which is the 5th tallest building in the city,
02:06:29was purchased for almost a million bucks. I'll take a bus ticket, please.
02:06:34Speaking of expensive, and I was, the world's priciest hot dog is $169,
02:06:40and you can try it out in Seattle, Washington. I don't have the money,
02:06:44but I am a little intrigued, must admit. An Australian barista set a world record
02:06:50for the most cappuccinos made in one hour – 420 of them! That's really a java jive!
02:06:57You can taste garlic with your feet. Rub a clove right in your feet, of course take the socks off
02:07:02beforehand, and wait for it. The chemical responsible for its unique smell can be
02:07:07absorbed through the skin even though the clove was never in your mouth. By the way,
02:07:12lobsters can try out the same experiment. Well, they actually taste any food with their feet.
02:07:18Okay, researchers have found many things that are evidence of prehistoric animals,
02:07:22or our human ancestors, that lived thousands of years ago, like bones, teeth, stone tools,
02:07:28and a piece of chewing gum, dating from almost 10,000 years ago.
02:07:33In Tibet, there are black diamond apples that aren't green or red, but dark purple. The place
02:07:39where they grow has plenty of ultraviolet light over the day, while the temperatures drastically
02:07:43go down during the night, which makes the apple skin get a darker color.
02:07:48Australia has a lake of naturally bubblegum pink color. The unusual color is there because of the
02:07:53pigment from a certain type of algae living there. Clouds look so fluffy like they're made
02:07:59of giant puffs of cotton, but the average one weighs around 1.1 million pounds. So please,
02:08:05stay up there! A farmer from Iowa got hiccups that didn't
02:08:09stop for the next 68 years. First hiccuping was about 40 times a minute, and after a while,
02:08:1520 times. He actually spent 70% of his life hiccuping. A million seconds is somewhere around
02:08:2212 days, and a billion seconds is almost 32 years. Nothing unusual here, just a little bit of good
02:08:29old math that reminds us how cool the time is. Okay, sharks may be scarier than humans,
02:08:35but our teeth are just as strong as theirs, just smaller.
02:08:40Until the beginning of the 19th century, Americans actually thought tomatoes were poisonous.
02:08:45So many tasty meals they missed believing that. Yep, farmers discovered not just people have
02:08:50regional accents, but cows also have different moos, according to the area where they live.
02:08:56Hey, do cows get moody? Giraffes have a tongue that's up to 20 inches long.
02:09:02Ice cream, maybe? Actually, they can bend trees with their tongues.
02:09:07There's a specific type of jellyfish that's actually immortal. Hey, I can see that as a
02:09:12logo for a life insurance company! The Earth is orbiting the Sun,
02:09:16but not at a fixed speed rate. We don't sense it, but it's slowing as time goes by,
02:09:22so our day will become 25 hours long in about 175 million years. So don't plan that extra hour in
02:09:29your schedule just yet. Space is huge, duh. But there's obviously lots of empty spots since there
02:09:36are more trees — 3 trillion — on our planet than stars in the Milky Way — only about 300-400 billion.
02:09:45When someone mentions the biggest desert, you probably picture the endless sandy surface of
02:09:49the Sahara, burning under the hot Sun. Well, not quite. The biggest desert is the Antarctic Polar
02:09:55Desert, which covers over 5.5 million square miles in Buffalo. Nah, Antarctica. Sounds strange
02:10:03at first, but the definition says a desert is a place that gets less than 10 inches of precipitation
02:10:08annually. Still, it doesn't say if it has to be high. Ostriches don't actually hide their heads
02:10:14in the sand. When they sense danger, they lower down their head, neck, and body to the ground,
02:10:19which makes them a little bit less visible to predators. Their light-colored neck blends in
02:10:24with the sand, so it only looks like their head is hidden down there.
02:10:29The first commercial passenger flight happened at the beginning of the 20th century.
02:10:34It was a 23-minute flight that cost $400, which is about $8,500 a day. And the plane flew between
02:10:41two cities in Florida. A famous Egyptian ruler, Cleopatra, lived closer to cell phones than to
02:10:48the time when the Great Pyramids of Egypt were completed. Well, that's a gap. Speaking of cell
02:10:54phones, every two minutes there are more photos taken than in the entire 19th century. Okay,
02:11:01let's add one more to those statistics. Cheese! So, you have a sixth sense. It tells you where
02:11:10the various parts of your body are in space. Thanks to it, you can walk up a flight of stairs
02:11:16or touch your nose even with your eyes closed. Your vocal cords only produce a buzzing noise.
02:11:21Your nose, mouth, and throat determine what your voice will sound like. If you have a deep voice,
02:11:26your vocal cords are thicker, and your cavities are larger than average, letting the sound resonate.
02:11:32By the time you wake up, you'll have forgotten 50% of your latest dream. After 10 minutes,
02:11:38you won't remember 90% of it. When you blush, your stomach lining goes red along with your face.
02:11:44It happens because your sympathetic nervous system is causing an increased blood flow
02:11:48throughout the body. Your hair follicles have the same receptors as your nasal passages. That's why
02:11:54your hair can detect scents too. Sandalwood can help you develop that superpower. Out of 5 million
02:12:00hair follicles on your body, only 100,000 are indeed on your head. An average human will have
02:12:07eaten 35 tons of food over a lifetime. That's like 3 school buses. No matter how hard you'll try,
02:12:14you'll never be able to tickle yourself. It's because your brain prepares the body for tickling
02:12:19and helps you avoid the typical laughing reaction. One human hair is so strong,
02:12:26it can hold up to 3.5 ounces. If only the scalp were that strong as well,
02:12:31you'd be able to hold the weight of 2 elephants with your hair.
02:12:35Your eye has 256 unique characteristics, and your fingers – just 40 of them. That's why
02:12:41retinal scanning is more reliable than fingerprint scanning. 50% of your hand strength is in your
02:12:47little finger alone, yet the thumb is the most important finger. You wouldn't be able to grip
02:12:51without it. If you stretch out your arms to the sides, the distance from the middle fingertip
02:12:57of the left hand to that of the right hand is equal to your height. An average human produces
02:13:02enough saliva to fill two swimming pools over a lifetime. Hey, dive in! Your spine has a great
02:13:09memory. It remembers your posture, making it so difficult to change it for the better.
02:13:14You owe goosebumps to your ancestors for many, many, many years ago. Their hair used to stand
02:13:20up to make them look bigger and scarier to foes. Cats hiss and arch their backs for the same reason.
02:13:26Your left lung is a little smaller than your right lung to make some room for the heart.
02:13:31The right lung has three lobes, and the left one just two. Both of them are protected by your rib
02:13:36cage. Next time you get the hiccups, try bending over in a chair. Drinking from the far side of
02:13:42the glass also helps get rid of them. You can easily survive without your appendix, stomach,
02:13:47one kidney, or one lung. Nice to know we have spare parts! A human eyebrow lives for about 4
02:13:54months. After that, you get new ones. You, along with other humans, have the superpower of glowing
02:14:00in the dark, especially in the late afternoon. Your face has the strongest glow. Still, it's too
02:14:06dim for your eyes to pick it up unaided. The beating sound of your heart is, in fact,
02:14:11the clap of the valves inside opening and closing. The lyrics for that are,
02:14:16lub-dub, lub-dub. You can't breathe and swallow at the same time. While you're breathing,
02:14:21the pipe leading to your stomach shuts down. When you're swallowing, the gateway to your lungs
02:14:26temporarily closes. Under 1% of all people are born with their hearts on the right side of the
02:14:32chest and not the left one. You blink 15 to 20 times per minute or 30,000 times a day. Your eyes
02:14:40have the fastest muscles in your entire body. They slow down to 5 blinks per minute when you're
02:14:44looking at a computer screen. Your eyes owe their color to a pigment called melanin. People with
02:14:50brown eyes have more melanin than green-eyed individuals. If you have blue eyes, it means
02:14:55the eye tissue is completely colorless. Your eyes get colored just like water in the sky do.
02:15:00They scatter light and reflect blue light back. The first known person with blue eyes was born
02:15:05in the Stone Age, around 7,000 years ago. I wasn't around then.
02:15:09There are about 3 million sweat glands in your entire body. Many of them are on the soles of
02:15:14your feet and on your palms, forehead, armpits, and cheeks. With every sneeze,
02:15:19the air is traveling out of your nose at a speed of 100 mph.
02:15:24There's no wax in your earwax. It's made of fat, skin cells, sweat, and dirt. Yum!
02:15:30Before you try to get rid of it, remember it protects the ear from bacteria, dirt, and dryness.
02:15:35Stress and fear boost its production. If someone made a camera out of the human eye,
02:15:41it would have a resolution of 576 megapixels. Your brain can hold up to 25 million gigabytes
02:15:48of data. Not my brain. You swallow every minute while you're awake and 3 times per hour when you
02:15:54sleep. That sums up to 600 swallows per day. Gulp. If you're left-handed, you most likely
02:16:00chew on the left side, and if you're right-handed, on the right side. Your fingerprints will always
02:16:05find a way to grow back their unique pattern, no matter how bad you damage them.
02:16:10Every human has a unique pattern of ridges and furrows in their ears. They also sound different,
02:16:16thanks to microscopic hair cells in your inner ears. You'd need a powerful microphone to pick
02:16:21up the noise they produce. The way you walk is your unique feature. Machines can easily
02:16:26distinguish your individual tiny ticks, bounces, and ways of swinging your legs you use with every
02:16:31step. Your sense of smell helps you taste 80% of the flavor of any food. That's why it seems
02:16:38so dull when you hold your nose or have a snack while traveling by airplane that makes your sense
02:16:43of smell weaker. Women are better at remembering faces and tasks for the future, but easily forget
02:16:49what has been done. It's the opposite for men. Your eyes can change color as you age, or even
02:16:55depending on your mood or dieting habits. 300 billion new cells are born in your body every
02:17:02day. Now that's recycling! Your fingers don't have a single muscle in them. Their joints move
02:17:07thanks to the muscles in the palm and the forearm. Your fingernails grow faster than your toenails.
02:17:13That's because you use them more actively, and they get more sunlight and air. Your eyes send
02:17:19a 2D upside-down image of the world to your brain. It quickly corrects it and turns it into a 3D
02:17:25right-side-up image that it's used to. There's more nerve cells and connections in your brain
02:17:30than there are stars in the Milky Way. If you decided to count them all, it would take you
02:17:343,000 years. To make it easier for you, you have around 100 billion neurons in there.
02:17:41The space between your eyebrows is officially called glabella.
02:17:44You're taller in the morning than in the evening. Gravity makes the cartilage around your bones
02:17:49compress over the day, making you shorter by the time you go to bed. In case you're right-handed,
02:17:55your fingernails on the right hand grow faster than your left one. That's because you use this
02:17:59hand more often and are more likely to damage it somehow. Your body's trying to protect it
02:18:04and sends more blood and nutrients its way. If you walk a healthy amount of steps every day,
02:18:10you'll have covered 100,000 miles by the time you're 80. It's like circling the equator four
02:18:15times. The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus at the back of the hip,
02:18:21and you're sitting on it. But never mind. The tiniest muscle in your body is in the
02:18:26middle of your ear. Its main purpose is to stabilize the stapes, the tiniest bone in your
02:18:32body. It takes care of transmitting sound waves to your inner ear. You spend about 5 years of
02:18:38your lifetime eating, and one-third of your life sleeping. An average adult weighing 150 pounds
02:18:44has a skeleton weighing about 21 pounds, so I guess the remainder is meat and stuff.
02:18:50Your heart beats over 2.5 billion times over your lifetime. Your skin thickness is different
02:18:56throughout the body. You have the thickest skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet,
02:19:01and the thinnest is on your eyelids. It takes your skin cells 28-30 days to completely renew
02:19:07themselves. Even if you only have less than half of your liver left, it can still regenerate to
02:19:12its original size. Your taste buds only live for 10-14 days, then they renew. Then what,
02:19:19everything tastes fresh? Even when you're resting, your brain uses more than 20% of your body's
02:19:25energy to keep it going. The brain's main function of processing and transmitting data
02:19:30is really pricey when it comes to energy costs. Your big toe bears 40% of your body's weight.
02:19:36Without it, running and walking would be slower, shorter, and less efficient.
02:19:41Thanks to zero gravity, your discs in between each vertebra expand when you're in space.
02:19:46That's why you can grow up to 2 inches taller. An average adult body is home to 7 octillion atoms.
02:19:53That's 7 billion billion, or 7 followed by 27 zeros. Do the math.
02:20:00A caterpillar has more muscles than you do. It's 4,400 vs. 650.
02:20:06Your peripheral vision is almost completely black and white. It's because you have more
02:20:11color-detecting cones in the center of your retina than at the sides.
02:20:15An average adult human body has enough fat in its cells to produce 7 bars of soap.
02:20:21Your sweat itself doesn't smell like anything. The bacteria living on your skin mix with it
02:20:26and give it that notorious smell. You get red eyes in photos because when
02:20:30the camera flash goes off, your pupils don't have enough time to constrict.
02:20:34A large burst of light reaches your retina, and it bounces back.
02:20:39Your legs feel lead-heavy when you're afraid because of the adrenaline that gets in your
02:20:43system. It turns on the fight-or-flight reaction. Your body sends blood flow to
02:20:48your most needed areas to let you take action and protect yourself.
02:20:52Women can distinguish more colors than men because they have two X chromosomes,
02:20:57and men only have one. Even if something is wrong with one of the chromosomes,
02:21:01a woman can still see colors correctly. That's why women are rarely colorblind.
02:21:07No matter how slim or plump you are, you have the same exact amount of fat cells as everyone else.
02:21:13When you work out and diet, they don't go anywhere but shrink in size and can grow back again.
02:21:19All muscles in your body are connected to bones at two ends to be able to pull and create motion.
02:21:24The only exception is your tongue. It's connected to a part of your neck on one side
02:21:29and is free on the other side, so you can make funny sounds.
02:21:34The weird-looking flies you see right in front of your eyes every now and then are eye floaters.
02:21:39You see them because of tiny structural imperfections in one particular part of the
02:21:43eye that get in the way of light. They get worse with age. Oh goody.
02:21:48An average woman speaks about 20,000 words a day, while an average man only speaks 7,000 words.
02:21:54That's because the brain region responsible for language skills and social interactions
02:21:59is larger in females. Your hands and feet alone would look rather creepy.
02:22:04They also contain more than half of the bones in your entire body. Each hand has 27 bones,
02:22:09and each foot has 26. Your thumbs have their own pulse,
02:22:13because there are big arteries inside them. That's why you can't feel your pulse in the
02:22:18neck with your thumb. You spend 10% of the time when you're awake with your eyelids closed.
02:22:23It's all those times you're blinking. Humans are capable of using echolocation,
02:22:28like bats and dolphins. With some training, you can find your way in complete darkness,
02:22:33analyzing the surroundings by sounds bouncing off objects. Oh, need to practice that!
02:22:40On average, it takes 7 minutes to fall asleep. There are some techniques to speed up that
02:22:45process to 120 seconds, though. You can physically see your nose,
02:22:50but the brain chooses to ignore it. Otherwise, it would stand in the way of your vision.
02:22:54Plus, it would be out of focus. Around 12% of people can't dream in color.
02:23:00There used to be more of them before color TV had been invented.
02:23:03All your muscles relax at the same time right after you've fallen asleep. Your brain thinks
02:23:08you're about to fall and sends quick signals to all of your muscles to awaken them. That's why
02:23:13it sometimes feels like you're literally falling. You've inherited fingers that get wrinkly from
02:23:19water from your ancestors. It gave them the grip they needed to survive in rainy weather.
02:23:24Your toes get wrinkly too, to let you stand on a wet surface safely.
02:23:29Many centuries ago, people used their wisdom teeth to chew through tough plants and roots.
02:23:34As their brains grew bigger, leaving less space in the mouth,
02:23:37these teeth became the extra ones. Now you can just cook your food and survive without them.
02:23:43Every day, an average woman unknowingly puts on about 515 chemicals on her body.
02:23:49They come from deodorants, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, and other beauty products.
02:23:54Most of them are harmless. You can't sneeze when you're sleeping because the nerve cells
02:24:00in your nose that activate sneezing are sleeping too. You can't sense smells in your sleep either.
02:24:06An average person has around 250 hairs per eyebrow. But some lucky fellows have a total
02:24:11of 1,100 hairs. They keep raindrops and sweat from getting in your eyes.
02:24:16Your skeleton completely renews itself every 10 years or so. The process never stops but slows
02:24:22down with age. That's why your bones become thinner. An adult takes 12 to 16 breaths per
02:24:29minute. It adds up to a total of 17,000 to 23,000 breaths daily. If you stretch your entire network
02:24:36of blood vessels, its length would be enough to circle the Earth twice. That's over 60,000 miles.
02:24:42And you would be very sore if you did that. Women have more taste buds on their tongues
02:24:47than men. 35% of women are super tasters and have more than 30 taste buds in the space the
02:24:53size of a hole punch on their tongue. That's an interesting comparison. Sugar is sweeter,
02:24:58and sodium is saltier to them. Blondes have the biggest number of hair follicles – around 146,000.
02:25:06Second place belongs to black-haired people. They have 110,000 follicles.
02:25:11If you have brown hair, there are around 100,000 hair follicles on your head.
02:25:15With an average of 86,000 follicles, redheads have the least dense hair.
02:25:21As you age, your feet might get bigger. But it doesn't mean your bones are growing.
02:25:25It happens due to weight gain and loose ligaments that make your feet flatter and wider over time.
02:25:31When you have that stomach-in-your-throat feeling on a roller coaster, some of your organs are
02:25:36really shifting. It happens to your intestines and stomach, which are connected rather loosely
02:25:41and is harmless. It says here. Your teeth have enamel on the outside that makes them just as
02:25:47strong as a shark's. They aren't as sharp, though. Your hair can stretch about 30% of its length
02:25:53when wet. Your brain constantly needs oxygen and uses 20% of its reserves in your body.
02:26:00When you're trying to solve some problem, it can even use more oxygen – up to 50%.
02:26:05If you decided to smooth out all the wrinkles in your brain,
02:26:08it'd be a flat surface the size of a pillowcase. As you're listening to music,
02:26:13your heartbeat syncs with the rhythm. Faster tempos make it beat faster.
02:26:18Your diaphragm sometimes twitches, which makes you suddenly intake more air.
02:26:22Your throat closes and interrupts the intake. This is how hiccups work.
02:26:27Unlike what every space movie tells you, you won't instantly freeze if you got into open space
02:26:32without a suit. Space vacuum is a great insulator, so you would retain your heat for some time.
02:26:38Just don't make a habit of it. The atoms in your body are billions of years old.
02:26:43Nearly all of them were made in a star, and many have come through several supernovas.
02:26:47It makes you a big chunk of stardust. Scientists still don't know why humans yawn.
02:26:54The most popular theory says it happens to cool down your brain and regulate body temperature.
02:26:59Humans are the only animals that have chins. Even chimpanzees and gorillas have lower jaws
02:27:05that slope down and back from their front teeth. When you're breathing, most of the air
02:27:09is going through one of the nostrils. After a few hours, it starts going through the other,
02:27:14and they keep switching like that. Your nose can pick up about 1 trillion smells
02:27:19with 400 different types of scent receptors. The sound you hear while cracking knuckles
02:27:25are gas bubbles bursting in your joints. Ooh, more fun body sounds!
02:27:30You burn calories when you're just breathing, watching TV, and even sleeping.
02:27:35By the time you turn 60, you will have lost almost half of your taste buds.
02:27:39That's why most elderly people don't notice the unusual or bitter taste.
02:27:44It only takes you 0.05 seconds to recognize a sound. That's 10 times faster than blinking.
02:27:51It's virtually impossible to destroy a human ear. Water, cold, and corrosion can do nothing to it.
02:27:56The only way to go is to set it on fire. Nah, don't do that.
02:28:01Around 1% of people are missing a special lens in the eye and can see ultraviolet.
02:28:06Famous Impressionist painter Claude Monet belonged to that 1%.
02:28:11When you sleep in a new place, half of your brain stays awake. Thanks to that,
02:28:15you'll be able to quickly get up if you have to protect yourself from something or someone.
02:28:20The way your sneeze sounds depends on your nose size. The larger the nose,
02:28:25bigger the sneeze because more air can go in and out.
02:28:28All the strangers from your dreams are real people you've met at some point in real life.
02:28:33You just didn't remember them. Unlike other cells, neurons can't replace themselves.
02:28:39If you type 60 words per minute for 8 hours a day,
02:28:42it would take you 50 years to type the human genome. That sounds like a big waste of time.
02:28:48There's a name for the dip between your upper lip and nose. It's philtrum.
02:28:53Some people can navigate using the magnetic field of the planet,
02:28:56just like birds. Me? Nah, I can barely use my GPS.
02:29:02There are sharks that glow in the dark. For example,
02:29:05swell sharks. They live in the dark ocean depths, almost 1,700 feet under the surface.
02:29:12No one knows why exactly, but they emit a fluorescent glow only other swell sharks can see.
02:29:18Scientists detected the glow because they used filters that blocked out yellow light.
02:29:23They think that could be the way for these big fish to communicate with their buddies.
02:29:28This glow helps sharks fight infections on a microbial level.
02:29:33Cowbirds have secret passwords they use to recognize each other.
02:29:37They're a specific type of parasite bird since they lay their eggs in other bird species' nests.
02:29:43The young cowbirds have an inner mechanism where they recognize their species singing,
02:29:48like some sort of secret password only they know.
02:29:51That's how they manage to find others of their kind.
02:29:54A grizzly bear has an incredibly strong bite. It may look cute, but if you're close to this big guy,
02:30:00you better stay out of reach of its sharp claws and especially its mouth.
02:30:05Its bite force is more than 8 million pascals, which means it can crush a bowling ball.
02:30:12Some animals have skin-deep stripes and others have more superficial ones.
02:30:17Tigers are in the first group. Not only is their fur striped, but their skin is as well.
02:30:22It's the same with some other furry big cats, like snow leopards.
02:30:26Giraffes and zebras are in the second group since they have patterns only on their coats.
02:30:32Speaking of zebras, do you think they're black with white stripes or white with black stripes?
02:30:39At first, it really looks like the second option is correct.
02:30:42Their black stripes mostly end towards the inside of their legs and on their bellies,
02:30:47and the rest of it is white. But that's not true. Surprisingly, they're black with white stripes.
02:30:53All of their fur, both white and black, grows from follicles that have something called
02:30:58melanocyte cells. All animals have these cells.
02:31:02They produce a pigment called melanin, and it gives color to their hair and skin.
02:31:08When it comes to zebras, chemical messengers tell which melanocytes
02:31:12send pigment to which area of fur. That's why zebras have a black and white pattern.
02:31:17But white is not actually its own pigment. It's an absence of melanin.
02:31:23So black is their default color.
02:31:26Koalas have fingerprints that are so close to ours that they could even taint crime scenes.
02:31:31It doesn't seem like they have a lot in common with humans, but take a closer look at their hands.
02:31:37They have distinctive loops and arches. So if any koalas want to do something illegal,
02:31:43it would be a good idea for them to wear gloves.
02:31:46Ghost crabs growl when they're around creatures they don't like or find threatening.
02:31:51They do it using teeth in their stomachs. First, they'll let you know they'll defend
02:31:56themselves if you try anything by showing you their claws.
02:32:00If that doesn't work, they'll go for fearsome growling noises like dogs.
02:32:04But the noise is coming from rubbing their three elongated hard teeth inside their stomach.
02:32:10Ghost crabs produce the same noise when they're grinding up food.
02:32:15Speaking of teeth, did you know narwhal tusks are actually some sort of an inside-out tooth?
02:32:21Unlike the majority of other whales, narwhals are the ones that come with a large tusk
02:32:26or tooth that grows from the inside of their jaw. It has up to 10 million nerve endings.
02:32:32And they're unprotected, which means its tusk is very sensitive to any type of contact.
02:32:38It's almost like a piece of skin because tusks usually don't have many nerve endings.
02:32:43Up to 95% of humans are right-handed, and it's the same with bottlenose dolphins.
02:32:49There are even more right-handed ones among them than among humans.
02:32:54During one study, scientists found that bottlenose dolphins turn to their left
02:32:58side over 99% of the time, which means they're right-handed.
02:33:03They place their right side and right eye closer to the ocean floor as they go for prey,
02:33:09such as squids, shrimps, or smaller fish.
02:33:12More cool facts from the ocean. Did you know humpback whales use bubbles when they go after
02:33:17their prey? You might think they don't need any special method considering how large they are.
02:33:22But when they're lurking for prey in the open waters,
02:33:25these whales team up and use something called a bubble net technique.
02:33:30While swimming in an upward spiral, they blow bubbles underwater.
02:33:34These bubbles make it difficult for fish to escape.
02:33:38The oldest evidence we have of domesticated cats dates up to 12,000 years ago.
02:33:44Researchers discovered this almost 20 years ago when they were digging through
02:33:48an ancient village in Cyprus. They found cat bones right next to human ones,
02:33:54which suggested they were close even when their lives came to an end.
02:33:58Humans were hunters, so they domesticated dogs first, somewhere up to 29,000 years ago.
02:34:05Dogs helped them catch other animals, but they didn't think they needed cats until
02:34:09they started to settle down and store surplus crops.
02:34:12Mice became frequent guests in grain stores, so cats came in handy in those times.
02:34:18Puffins are quite innovative when they want to scratch their bodies.
02:34:22They can surely be proud of their stunning beaks,
02:34:24but they obviously think it's not enough for scratching.
02:34:28Researchers noticed they tend to spontaneously take a small wooden stick to scratch an itchy spot.
02:34:35There's a special type of ant that only lives in a small part of Manhattan.
02:34:40The Broadway Medians at the 63rd and 76th Street
02:34:44is the area these crawling critters decided was the best spot for them.
02:34:48The Manhattan ant looks like it's from Europe, but no European species can actually match it.
02:34:55Hey, Potterheads, can you believe there's a thing like chocolate frog?
02:34:58Well, not quite, but it looks like it.
02:35:01New Guinea and Australia weren't always separated.
02:35:04They spent millions of years together until about 12,000 years ago.
02:35:08Rising sea levels divided them.
02:35:11Since they were together for so long, some animals and plants still inhabit both areas,
02:35:16including green tree frogs.
02:35:18These frogs have spread really far and wide,
02:35:21and some of them, who live in hot, swampy regions surrounded by plenty of crocodiles,
02:35:26actually look like they're made of chocolate.
02:35:29We all know flamingos for their specific color, but they're not actually pink.
02:35:34They're born gray, and that's how they would stay
02:35:37if it weren't for their diet of blue-green algae and shrimp.
02:35:41These foods have a specific natural dye,
02:35:44which is why flamingo feathers turn pink over time.
02:35:48These little Tasmanian devils grow up and leave their moms.
02:35:51They socialize together, forming bonds that last for the rest of their lives.
02:35:56Not only them, cows also have stronger social ties than we think.
02:36:00They like to socialize, and they make long-lasting friendships.
02:36:04One research even discovered their heart rates significantly
02:36:07increase as a sign of stress when they're separated from their BFFs.
02:36:12Imagine you could simply freeze yourself solid during the cold winter days
02:36:16instead of listening to your teeth chatter and trying to tighten your jacket.
02:36:20That's what frogs can do.
02:36:22Aquatic frogs mostly hibernate underwater
02:36:24and spend most of the winter at the bottom of a pond, lake, or some other body of water.
02:36:31Toads and frogs are generally cold-blooded,
02:36:34which means the temperature of their body takes on the temperature of their surroundings.
02:36:38So, frogs can freeze during the winter
02:36:41because of a high concentration of sugar or glucose in their vital organs.
02:36:45Once they unfreeze, they continue as if nothing happened.
02:36:49Octopuses have three hearts and blue blood.
02:36:53They can move at speeds of 25 miles per hour,
02:36:56and they spray ink that not only blurs the predator's visual field but actually harms them.
02:37:02Also, they have nine brains, the central one and eight smaller brains located in their arms.
02:37:07That's why their arms can open a shellfish
02:37:10while the central brain is busy doing something else.
02:37:14An octopus even tastes with its arms.
02:37:16They have cells in their suckers that enable the arms to touch and taste
02:37:20in a way that they detect chemicals marine creatures produce.
02:37:24That way, an octopus can distinguish prey from rocks.
02:37:29It's breakfast and you crack open a hard-boiled egg.
02:37:32You find that it's green.
02:37:34Looks disgusting.
02:37:35Well, it looks like you cooked it for too long.
02:37:38This happened because of the thin sulfur layer in the whites and iron in the yolk.
02:37:43Though the mixture of these chemicals is black,
02:37:45it's such a thin layer mixed into the yellow yolk that it turns green.
02:37:49But don't fear these strange green eggs.
02:37:52They're completely safe to eat.
02:37:55While sitting for a photo, it would be weird to say anything other than cheese
02:37:59to get that perfect smile.
02:38:01But in the 19th century, it was different.
02:38:03Photographers would ask their subject to say prune instead.
02:38:07The reason was to obtain that thin, duck-like expression.
02:38:11It was considered a primp, improper way to present a photograph.
02:38:16Strawberries aren't even considered a berry and are more of a false fruit,
02:38:20further identified as multiple fruit.
02:38:23What we believe is that the tiny little brown or white things are seeds,
02:38:27but they're actually individual fruits attached to its flesh.
02:38:31But how did this mistake start in the first place?
02:38:34Well, the confusion began hundreds of years ago when it was first named.
02:38:39However, this was a long time before botanists
02:38:41were even around to help clarify this mistake.
02:38:45Sci-fi films are often inspired by real-life space exploration.
02:38:49But there's one thing that NASA implemented after watching a sci-fi movie.
02:38:53A 1929 flick, Woman in the Moon, introduced a countdown that built up anticipation.
02:38:59NASA found this helpful and started using it in 1969.
02:39:04Not only is it an exciting moment, but it does also have a practical use.
02:39:08It helps the massive team behind each launch
02:39:11ensure they're synchronized perfectly down to the last second.
02:39:15This one might change your appetite the next time you see a juicy apple.
02:39:19Usually picked around August to November,
02:39:21the shiny supermarket apples are covered in hot wax,
02:39:25then hot air dried and sent into cold storage.
02:39:29Before they arrive at the supermarket looking fresh,
02:39:31they've been in storage for anywhere between 6 to 12 months.
02:39:36I bet you can't do this.
02:39:38Try and hum while closing your nose.
02:39:40No noise came out, right?
02:39:42Without an exit for air, it's physically impossible to make any noise.
02:39:48The world's largest national park in Greenland
02:39:50covers a staggering 375,000 square miles.
02:39:54That's twice the size of California.
02:39:57But although it's huge,
02:39:58there are only up to 40 permanent residents in this massive area,
02:40:02making it one of the most isolated places on Earth.
02:40:06Issues with bad breath?
02:40:08Gum is the typical choice, but other things are just as effective.
02:40:11Cucumber is a great natural solution and a more efficient one.
02:40:15Working similarly to gum, it helps stimulate saliva production.
02:40:19But what makes it different from other odor defeaters is its water content.
02:40:23Washing away any unwanted pieces of food still remaining
02:40:26also helps to avoid a dry mouth, which causes odors.
02:40:31You would think that Z would be the last letter put into the alphabet,
02:40:34but it was actually J.
02:40:37Long ago in 1524, an Italian grammarian
02:40:41wanted to identify a way to separate I and J.
02:40:44Together, they were a vowel.
02:40:46And J was then used as a consonant that sounded like Y.
02:40:51It wasn't until 1633, when an English grammar book explained the proper use of J,
02:40:56and it was entered into the alphabet in the way we use it today.
02:41:01The first vacuum cleaner was invented in 1901,
02:41:04the size of a Winnebago, and it took four people to operate it.
02:41:08A petrol engine used to supply power also required a horse to move it around.
02:41:13I would suppose that it was mainly used for cleaning up after the horse in the end.
02:41:17It wasn't long after that they found easier ways to clean the house,
02:41:21and in 1910, the first handheld vacuum was invented.
02:41:25If you've been told that you sweat like a pig, there is no need to be offended.
02:41:29It's actually more of a compliment, as pigs don't sweat.
02:41:32All swine are born without sweat glands,
02:41:34and the only way to cool off is to find a nice puddle, or more famously, some mud.
02:41:40Umbrellas were invented around 4,000 years ago
02:41:43and were only socially acceptable for women to use them.
02:41:46Their original purpose was to keep the sun out of your eyes and as a fashion accessory.
02:41:51It wasn't until the mid-18th century that men were allowed to use them,
02:41:55and the modern, water-resistant version we use today was made.
02:41:59And most importantly, the very first dog umbrella was invented in 1965.
02:42:07Dentists can be very strict on what sweets you eat,
02:42:10so you would be amazed to learn that cotton candy was invented by a dentist.
02:42:16A dentist and confectioner wanted to give his clients a treat every visit.
02:42:21Hmm, maybe he gave them this treat to ensure they came back more often.
02:42:27If we could theoretically build a highway to outer space,
02:42:31and could adjust the effects of gravity,
02:42:33it would only take you an hour to drive to space if you drove at 60 miles per hour.
02:42:39Let's make this happen, Elon Musk!
02:42:42How heavy could a cloud be?
02:42:44It looks like it couldn't weigh too much as it floats easily up in the sky.
02:42:48But a cloud could weigh anywhere up to 1 million pounds.
02:42:52That massive cloud is able to float above you because the air is lighter up there
02:42:56and less dense than dry air below.
02:42:58You can see the same effect when observing oil floating on water.
02:43:02You think you yawn because you are bored or tired?
02:43:05Well, it's a myth.
02:43:07You yawn more often later in the day, but it's just your body helping you remain alert.
02:43:12Through inhaling cool air and stretching the muscles, it cools the flow to the brain.
02:43:17Researchers identified brain sizes in different species of animals based on their yawns.
02:43:22The larger the brain, the longer the yawn.
02:43:25So how long do you yawn?
02:43:27Playing video games regularly increases gray matter in the brain for all you gamers out there,
02:43:32which helps to boost brain connectivity through muscle control,
02:43:35memories, perception, and spatial navigation.
02:43:39An experiment at a New York medical center found that surgeons who played three hours of video games
02:43:44made 37% fewer mistakes and performed 27% faster than other non-gaming doctors.
02:43:52Have you ever wanted to be just a little bit taller?
02:43:54Well, get your space boots on.
02:43:56The human body can grow up to 3% taller when in space.
02:44:00While living on Earth, our spines are compressed by gravity.
02:44:04But in zero gravity, the decompression lets the spinal discs expand,
02:44:08allowing the spine to lengthen.
02:44:11Cows don't have full REM sleep while standing, but they can have a light nap.
02:44:16This is an evolutionary trait that helped their ancestors avoid predators.
02:44:20They stand idle during a power nap if they need to make a quick getaway.
02:44:24They do have full REM sleep only by lying down.
02:44:28They only need four hours of sleep to fully energize for the next day.
02:44:32Women have more taste buds than men, and 35% of women are considered super tasters.
02:44:38And only 15% of men are.
02:44:40Not surprisingly, more women prefer pineapple on their pizza.
02:44:44Now, don't be triggered if you disagree.
02:44:47While sleeping, you're incapable of sneezing.
02:44:50This might seem impossible, especially when you have a cold.
02:44:54But while your body is resting, the nerves that help you sneeze are as well.
02:44:59While you sleep, the brain ignores any irritating sensations
02:45:02or tickling that would typically create the sneeze.
02:45:06Our calendar year once used to end in February.
02:45:10This is because it was the last month to be added to the calendar.
02:45:13A calendar year once only lasted 304 days.
02:45:17So there was plenty of room for more months.
02:45:20It was changed in the year 46 BCE to the calendar we know today by Julius Caesar.
02:45:26They previously followed the lunar calendar.
02:45:29Julius Caesar saw issues with this as it didn't match the seasons.
02:45:33He hired an astronomer who created a calendar based on the solar year.
02:45:39There are things about your body you know for sure.
02:45:42Or don't you?
02:45:44Can you guess what exactly is a myth or fact?
02:45:47One point is for each correct answer.
02:45:50Let me know your score.
02:45:52Brown eggs are more nutritious than white eggs.
02:45:55Myth or fact?
02:45:57Myth.
02:45:57There is no study saying brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.
02:46:01The only difference is the color of the eggshell.
02:46:04The color of the eggshell doesn't affect its nutrition or quality.
02:46:07That is related to the type of chicken.
02:46:09Chickens with white earlobes tend to have white eggs.
02:46:15Have you heard that a large amount of the dust in your home is actually decanted skin?
02:46:20Not cool, I know.
02:46:22Do you think this is a myth or fact?
02:46:24This is a myth.
02:46:25You're not just mopping your skin flakes from the floor.
02:46:28Many other components make the house dust.
02:46:31Fibers, hair, building materials, mold, pollen, insect body parts, and ash are some of them,
02:46:38according to the study made in Canadian houses.
02:46:41This makes sense because a house nearby a busy highway or in a renovation area
02:46:45has more dust than a house in the middle of a forest.
02:46:50Skin is our largest organ.
02:46:52Is this a fact or myth?
02:46:54It's a fact.
02:46:55You might think for a second that the intestine can be quite large when you unfold it.
02:46:59But nope.
02:47:00Skin wins the contest.
02:47:01An adult carries around 8 pounds and 22 square feet of skin.
02:47:08Can't think of us without a skin.
02:47:10It's not just there to cover our bodies.
02:47:12It has an essential role in protecting us too.
02:47:16You can't breathe and swallow at the same time.
02:47:18Myth or fact?
02:47:20It's a fact.
02:47:22Maybe you already knew the correct answer.
02:47:24But you tried it anyway after reading this.
02:47:26So see it for yourself.
02:47:27So in your throat, there are two passageways important for your survival.
02:47:31I'm putting aside the fancy medical names and I'll refer to those two as airway and food pipe.
02:47:36They prevent breathing and swallowing simultaneously.
02:47:39Otherwise, food would enter the airway and cause severe complications.
02:47:47This doesn't always go as planned.
02:47:50That's why sometimes you end up coughing and preventing the piece of food from reaching
02:47:54the lungs.
02:47:55As well as having unique fingerprints, humans also have unique tongue prints.
02:48:00Is this a myth or fact?
02:48:02Fact.
02:48:03The human tongue is magnificent enough in its features that make us taste the food.
02:48:07It's also unique in its texture.
02:48:10People use biometric systems like fingerprints, voice scans, and iris scans for authentication.
02:48:16They are important to the identification and verification phases.
02:48:20Tongue print is unique.
02:48:22So it's very hard to copy it.
02:48:23It can be used as a biometric system tool too.
02:48:26What if people started using this system in their daily lives for safety reasons?
02:48:31Imagine locking a safe or your phone with a tongue print.
02:48:35An adult spends three hours in the bathroom every week.
02:48:39Do you think this is a fact or myth?
02:48:41It's a fact.
02:48:43A poll by scientists reveals that an average adult spends three hours and nine minutes
02:48:47on the toilet every week.
02:48:50This is more than the time they spent exercising.
02:48:52Take your sweet time.
02:48:54No need to rush.
02:48:56You swallow eight spiders a year while sleeping.
02:48:59Myth or fact?
02:49:01Don't believe it?
02:49:01Lucky for us and for the spiders, of course, this is not true.
02:49:06Fear no more and have a good night's sleep.
02:49:09Most spiders don't deliberately come near humans.
02:49:11Plus, vibrations coming from a sleeping person might be uncanny for them.
02:49:16Or maybe the spider just lives in the habitat.
02:49:18It thinks that you are flatmates sharing a room.
02:49:21As long as there is actual evidence, I call this a myth.
02:49:25Your thigh bone can resist thousands of pounds of force.
02:49:28Do you think this is a myth or a fact?
02:49:31Yes, this is a fact.
02:49:33People generally refer to it as tight bone.
02:49:36But its actual name is femur bone.
02:49:38This bone is located on the upper part of your leg.
02:49:42Experts say that this bone is hard to break.
02:49:45It's one of the two strongest bones in our anatomy.
02:49:48The first one is the temporal bone of the skull.
02:49:51If you wondered about the first one.
02:49:53Anyway, a tight bone can support 30 times more of your body weight.
02:49:58Maybe it's because the femur bone is the longest and largest bone in the human body.
02:50:03Do you believe that shaving your hair makes it grow back thicker?
02:50:06Fact or myth?
02:50:08Watch how I debunk that myth.
02:50:10Experts say shaving doesn't affect the thickness of the hair.
02:50:13The hair's head didn't remove, so the root is still there.
02:50:17You only shave the upper part.
02:50:19After a shave, the hair grows bluntly because it's been cut.
02:50:23That's why you may feel it's getting thicker.
02:50:26It's safe to eat food that's been on the floor for 5 seconds or less.
02:50:30Is this a fact or a myth?
02:50:32Sorry for blocking the best way you justify eating something that fell on the floor.
02:50:36There's no such thing as the 5-second rule.
02:50:39Researchers found that a substantial amount of bacteria
02:50:42transferred to the food within 5 seconds.
02:50:45The moisture of the food directly affects contamination.
02:50:48Imagine you drop a slice of watermelon and chips on the floor.
02:50:51I don't know why you're eating both together or how you end up dropping them both.
02:50:55But let's continue with this example anyway.
02:50:58The watermelon will have more contamination than chips
02:51:01because watermelon has more moisture in it.
02:51:03The surface of the watermelon is more open to transferring bacteria.
02:51:08Blondes and redheads may soon disappear.
02:51:11Myth or fact?
02:51:13An easy one, right?
02:51:14This is a myth.
02:51:15Red or blonde colored hairs are connected to recessive genes.
02:51:19They can be carried from one generation to another
02:51:21without creating the hair color of the carrier.
02:51:24If both parents have the correct recessive genes,
02:51:26the chances are high that the next generation will have blonde or red hair.
02:51:31These genes are rare,
02:51:33but populations still have those genes carried out so they won't get lost forever.
02:51:37For that to happen,
02:51:38literally everyone on the planet who carries that gene must disappear.
02:51:43So the chances are low.
02:51:47Drinking coffee dehydrates you.
02:51:49Is it a fact or myth?
02:51:52Myth!
02:51:52You can enjoy your morning coffee.
02:51:54Okay, you may visit the bathroom more frequently after drinking coffee.
02:51:58But it doesn't mean you're losing more water.
02:52:01There are numerous studies made about the effects of caffeine.
02:52:05Some of these studies revealed that drinking a reasonable amount of coffee a day
02:52:09doesn't increase the risk of dehydration.
02:52:14Eating yogurt helps your digestion.
02:52:16Do you think this is a fact or just another myth?
02:52:19A fact!
02:52:20But with the right choice of yogurt.
02:52:22Yogurt is food containing probiotics.
02:52:25They are the good bacteria that make everything flow smoothly in your gut.
02:52:29Eating yogurt alone may not be enough to have a healthy digestive system.
02:52:34It supports the digestive system positively.
02:52:37Keep in mind though,
02:52:39not all yogurts are equal.
02:52:41Some of them have sugar in them,
02:52:42or they come with toppings like candy or cookies.
02:52:45Go for the classic ones.
02:52:49Your hair will grow faster if you have it cut more often.
02:52:52Fact or myth?
02:52:54We were always told not to cry too much over the hair we lost
02:52:57because it would grow back faster.
02:52:59Unfortunately,
02:53:00the hair growth rate doesn't depend on how often you get a haircut.
02:53:04The average hair growth rate is 0.01 inches per day.
02:53:09Plus, many factors affect it,
02:53:11age,
02:53:11hormones,
02:53:12and even the time of year.
02:53:14Knowing this new fact may make some people postpone their hairdresser appointments.
02:53:21Pockets are usually on the left side of shirts because most people are right-handed.
02:53:25Is this a myth or a fact?
02:53:28This is actually true.
02:53:29Many products favor the righties.
02:53:31Left-handed people will relate to this on so many levels.
02:53:34Let's say public transport.
02:53:37Have you ever noticed that the scanner at stations is typically on the right side?
02:53:42Household equipment and devices are one more example.
02:53:45Scissors,
02:53:45tweezers,
02:53:46bottle openers,
02:53:47and many other kitchen and household appliances
02:53:49are designed with right-handed people in mind.
02:53:53The same goes for shirt pockets.
02:53:55While some people use both hands equally and others change their hand preference between tasks,
02:54:00overall, most people are right-handed.
02:54:03A study has revealed that 75% to 90% of the world's population are right-handed
02:54:08and 10% are left-handed.
02:54:11This means it's more convenient for most people to have pockets on the left side
02:54:15than on the right side of their garments.
02:54:17Try it out for yourself.
02:54:19Your elbow kind of folds when you try to reach into the pocket on the right side.
02:54:22Whereas on the left side, your elbow makes an arc shape,
02:54:25which makes it easier to put things inside the pocket and take them out.
02:54:30Eating more protein leads to having bigger muscles.
02:54:33What do you think about this, bodybuilders?
02:54:35Myth or fact?
02:54:37This is a myth.
02:54:39It's true that eating protein is essential for building bigger muscles.
02:54:43I mean, proteins are building blocks of your body.
02:54:45And yet, eating more than you need is unnecessary.
02:54:48Everyone should drink eight glasses of water a day.
02:54:51Do you think this is a myth or a fact?
02:54:55This is a myth.
02:54:56So don't blame yourself for drinking less water than recommended.
02:54:59Eight glasses are not a magic number.
02:55:01Hydration needs differ from one person to another.
02:55:05How much water you should drink every day depends on your activity and exercise level.
02:55:10The temperature of the place where you live affects this number too.
02:55:13If you live in a hot area, you sweat more and you sweat less.
02:55:17You sweat more and need to drink more water.
02:55:20Soup, coffee, tea, fruits, and other things you eat daily also contain water.
02:55:27Carrots are high in sugar, so you should avoid eating them.
02:55:31If this is true, we should warn bunnies.
02:55:33Any guesses, fact or myth?
02:55:36It's a myth.
02:55:37Carrots are about 85% water.
02:55:40One pound of cooked carrots only contains three teaspoons of sugar.
02:55:44Compared to the amount of sugar in desserts, this is nothing.
02:55:47Plus, carrots are high in phytochemicals, and eating them can help lower blood sugar.
02:55:54Medieval people believed in flat Earth.
02:55:56Is this a myth or a fact?
02:55:59Obviously, flat Earth is a myth.
02:56:01But so is the history built around this myth.
02:56:04You can't say that at those times.
02:56:06The whole world was skeptical about Earth's spherical shape.
02:56:10Even everyday visible things prove that.
02:56:12For example, medieval people could see that the twilight glow during sunrise and sunset
02:56:18formed an arc over the horizon.
02:56:21Vikings wore horned helmets.
02:56:23Is this a myth or fact?
02:56:26The well-known image of a Viking warrior is almost always completed with a horned helmet.
02:56:31But in reality, there were no horns.
02:56:35There's no evidence that Viking helmets were horned.
02:56:39Detox juices cleanse your body.
02:56:41Is this a fact or myth?
02:56:44It's a myth.
02:56:45Detoxification doesn't work that way.
02:56:47Your internal organs are responsible for the process of cleansing.
02:56:50The spleen, liver, kidneys, especially the liver.
02:56:55Your body is always in a natural state of cleansing itself.
02:56:59A person doesn't need to drink juices for detoxification.
02:57:03Nuts are junk food.
02:57:05Any thoughts?
02:57:06Myth or fact?
02:57:09You're right.
02:57:10This is a myth.
02:57:11Nuts are full of healthy fats.
02:57:14They're good for your heart and other organs.
02:57:17The average American throws away about 82 pounds of textile waste per year.
02:57:22Is this a fact or myth?
02:57:26Fact.
02:57:27Imagine all that waste.
02:57:28When someone throws their clothes away, they don't disappear into thin air.
02:57:32These items most likely reach landfills as their final destination.
02:57:37Donating clothes and selling them in second-hand stores are a much better option.
02:57:42Now, you've probably heard about life-saving laundry tricks
02:57:45that are said to make your clothes super clean and as good as they were on day one.
02:57:50What if those laundry tips are actually myths?
02:57:53I got three of them lined up for you.
02:57:56Shirts should be buttoned when you put them in the laundry.
02:57:59Is it true or not?
02:58:01This is a myth.
02:58:02You'd better keep zippers closed to keep their teeth from catching the fabric of other clothes.
02:58:07But fastening the buttons of a shirt can expand the button net and the buttonhole.
02:58:12In the long term, buttons will start slipping out of place.
02:58:16Washing clothes in hot water is the most effective way to clean them.
02:58:20Is this a myth or fact?
02:58:23That's another laundry myth.
02:58:25You want to rid your clothes of germs.
02:58:27Yet, hot water alone won't be enough for this.
02:58:30Nowadays, many detergents can clean clothes in cold or warm water.
02:58:36You should remove stains from the face of the fabric.
02:58:39Is it true?
02:58:41Most people apply water and soap to the stain starting from the front side of the fabric.
02:58:45But that's not the best option.
02:58:47A much better way is to start from the back.
02:58:50The stain can go deeper if you treat it from the front.
02:58:53Try to make the stain move up to the surface rather than push it inside.
02:58:58Listening to music is an effective tool for learning languages.
02:59:01Is it a myth or fact?
02:59:04It's a fact.
02:59:05Scientists say listening to a song and humming along can help you learn a language.
02:59:10Most people struggle to learn grammar.
02:59:12Yet, in our daily lives, we don't always follow grammar rules.
02:59:16Songs can help you pick up informal expressions.
02:59:20Scientists have also concluded that music can help you remember new words and add them to your vocabulary.
02:59:26Let me give you an example.
02:59:27It's from your first year at school.
02:59:30Yep, the alphabet song.
02:59:33Are you a morning person or a night owl?
02:59:35Either way, you might want to know these facts and myths about sleep.
02:59:40The longest someone went without sleep was 11 days.
02:59:44Do you think this is possible or is it an urban legend?
02:59:49This is a fact.
02:59:50Randy Gardner set the record for the longest amount of time a person went without sleep.
02:59:55It was an experiment carried out by Stanford sleep researcher, Dr. William C. Dement.
03:00:01The doctor recorded and monitored Randy Gardner's sleep activity.
03:00:04Gardner managed to stay awake for 11 days and 25 minutes.
03:00:10Your body eventually gets used to getting less sleep.
03:00:13Myth or fact?
03:00:15It's a myth.
03:00:16There are many studies proving that your body and especially your brain can't get used to sleeping less.
03:00:22Have you noticed that after a few nights of insufficient sleep,
03:00:25you begin to feel groggier during the day?
03:00:28That's your body trying to adjust to not getting enough rest.
03:00:31Long-term sleep deprivation affects your daytime performance, focus, and decision-making.
03:00:38Many grown-ups need five or fewer hours of sleep.
03:00:42Can it be true?
03:00:44Well, this one's easy.
03:00:45It's a myth.
03:00:46Experts from the National Sleep Foundation recommend that the average adult
03:00:50Some people have a genetic mutation thanks to which they wake up refreshed after a short night's sleep.
03:00:56But such people are an exception.
03:00:58One in four million.
03:01:01The ability to fall asleep in any place and at any time means you're a good sleeper.
03:01:07What do you think?
03:01:07Myth or fact?
03:01:10It's a myth.
03:01:11A good sleeper gets a proper amount of sleep and has a regular sleep schedule.
03:01:15Cats spend two-thirds of their life asleep.
03:01:18Do you believe that?
03:01:20This will probably come as no surprise.
03:01:22It's a fact.
03:01:24How many of the facts and myths did you guess correctly?