Afrontar las crisis es un desafío constante para la humanidad, y en este episodio, exploramos cómo los avances científicos pueden ayudar a hacer nuestra vida menos frágil ante situaciones adversas. Stephen Hawking, uno de los científicos más brillantes de nuestra era, y su equipo investigan diversas estrategias y tecnologías que pueden ofrecer soluciones innovadoras a problemas globales.
Desde la búsqueda de fuentes de energía sostenibles hasta el desarrollo de tecnologías que mitigan el impacto del cambio climático, este episodio revela cómo la ciencia está trabajando para asegurar un futuro más resiliente. Los avances en inteligencia artificial y biotecnología también son discutidos, mostrando cómo estas herramientas pueden ser clave para anticipar y responder a crisis en salud pública, desastres naturales y conflictos sociales.
Además, se examinan ejemplos de colaboración internacional que han surgido en tiempos de crisis, destacando la importancia de unir esfuerzos para enfrentar retos comunes. La resiliencia no solo depende de la tecnología, sino también de nuestra capacidad para adaptarnos y aprender de las adversidades.
Acompáñanos en este viaje educativo donde la ciencia y la determinación humana se combinan para afrontar crisis, y descubre cómo estos conocimientos pueden ser aplicados en tu vida diaria. La información presentada aquí no solo es relevante, sino crucial para entender el papel que cada uno de nosotros puede desempeñar en la construcción de un futuro más seguro y sostenible.
**Hashtags:** #AfrontarCrisis, #StephenHawking, #CienciaYResiliencia
**Keywords:** afrontar crisis, Stephen Hawking, avances científicos, resiliencia humana, tecnología sostenible, inteligencia artificial, biotecnología, colaboración internacional, salud pública, cambio climático.
Desde la búsqueda de fuentes de energía sostenibles hasta el desarrollo de tecnologías que mitigan el impacto del cambio climático, este episodio revela cómo la ciencia está trabajando para asegurar un futuro más resiliente. Los avances en inteligencia artificial y biotecnología también son discutidos, mostrando cómo estas herramientas pueden ser clave para anticipar y responder a crisis en salud pública, desastres naturales y conflictos sociales.
Además, se examinan ejemplos de colaboración internacional que han surgido en tiempos de crisis, destacando la importancia de unir esfuerzos para enfrentar retos comunes. La resiliencia no solo depende de la tecnología, sino también de nuestra capacidad para adaptarnos y aprender de las adversidades.
Acompáñanos en este viaje educativo donde la ciencia y la determinación humana se combinan para afrontar crisis, y descubre cómo estos conocimientos pueden ser aplicados en tu vida diaria. La información presentada aquí no solo es relevante, sino crucial para entender el papel que cada uno de nosotros puede desempeñar en la construcción de un futuro más seguro y sostenible.
**Hashtags:** #AfrontarCrisis, #StephenHawking, #CienciaYResiliencia
**Keywords:** afrontar crisis, Stephen Hawking, avances científicos, resiliencia humana, tecnología sostenible, inteligencia artificial, biotecnología, colaboración internacional, salud pública, cambio climático.
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DiversiónTranscripción
00:00The world we live in is a dangerous place and humanity is a fragile species.
00:07As soon as we overcome an emergency, another one assaults us.
00:12In scenes of crime, battles, and surgeries,
00:15our five scientists investigate how they are transforming the advances of technology
00:19into our response to the situations that threaten our lives.
00:25Red Code
00:30Helicopters, essential in combat missions,
00:33are very useful to supply the front.
00:37But in hostile terrain, with bad weather and enemy fire,
00:40their pilots are in constant danger.
00:43Tragic accidents often occur.
00:49Finding ways to save the crew's lives is a top priority.
00:56In the state of New York,
00:58Chris Elias Smith will have access to an exceptional pioneer system
01:02that could reduce the vulnerability of helicopters.
01:11I'm going in a normal helicopter to meet the revolutionary K-Max
01:14from Lockheed Martin and Cayman.
01:18Even the simplest helicopters are very difficult to pilot.
01:22Are you looking at this?
01:24Yes, I'm waiting for the signal. That's what I'm waiting for.
01:26Very good. It looks like a big truck.
01:29But what makes them really special is their handling.
01:32Let's go. Like this?
01:34That's it. Very good.
01:37You need to have a lot of reflexes and pilot very smoothly
01:40so that the plane stays stable.
01:42It's very sensitive.
01:44Watch out for the trees.
01:47We have the accelerator for speed,
01:49the cyclic step lever for compensated flight,
01:52and the pedals to control the direction.
01:55The pilot has to coordinate all these controls at the same time.
01:58You have to keep a lot of things in mind,
02:00especially if you fly close to the ground, because the topography changes.
02:03Human errors are the cause of most helicopter accidents,
02:06which is why a helicopter autopilot is so desired.
02:10Creating a computer program capable of dealing with so many complications
02:13has been impossible so far.
02:17That is the Lockheed Martin K-Max helicopter,
02:20one of the first unmanned helicopters in the world.
02:23The K-Max, one of the helicopters capable of transporting
02:26the most important cargo in the world,
02:28now has an innovative improvement in its system.
02:31To eliminate any type of risk, it flies unmanned.
02:36The K-Max can fly alone.
02:39That's great.
02:44Its technology is so radical
02:46that it is not yet allowed to fly in the US airspace without a crew,
02:49so this time it is piloted by one of the first people
02:52who has been able to see it fly autonomously.
02:54The machine is better than me landing.
02:58The pilot who has regularly had to put his life in the hands
03:01of a helicopter capable of thinking for himself
03:03is test pilot Jerry McAuley.
03:05You are a pilot, so I imagine you would like to be in charge.
03:08By definition, yes.
03:09So when you sit there, how do you feel?
03:13The first few times it's pretty scary.
03:15You're sitting there on the ground and it starts to move.
03:18The helicopter lifts by itself.
03:20It moves a little to the sides when it takes off.
03:22Do you see how the lever moves to the left
03:24and how it goes back to its place?
03:26It's as if the helicopter was being piloted by a ghost.
03:31Seen from the outside, the K-Max autonomous
03:33does not reveal any of its secrets.
03:36Even inside the cabin, everything seems normal
03:38except for a couple of extra controls
03:40to activate the autopilot.
03:47The most important one being the no-load switch.
03:49It allows the helicopter to think for itself and fly by itself.
03:53When the operational system known as Optimus Mission Management takes off,
03:57the gyroscopes and accelerometers start automatically
04:00recording the speed of the wind, the altitude,
04:03the heading, the compensation, and the glide.
04:07We've also developed different ways to perceive the environment.
04:10Lasers, radars, visual systems, mainly cameras.
04:14Of course, so we have our senses and some more.
04:17The central computer sends orders to the activators
04:20that control, among other things, the coaxial rotors.
04:23The helicopter's brain can be divided into two parts.
04:26On the one hand, the activators that handle all the controls
04:29are here behind the bars, which are the same as normal helicopters.
04:32And then there are the computer systems
04:34that are installed in the back.
04:36Speaking of the brain of the machine,
04:38what makes this invention a success?
04:40The ability to do things fast enough
04:42to react, land, and take off safely.
04:45Its latest version includes the so-called LIDAR,
04:48capable of finding where to land
04:50and automatically detecting obstacles.
04:54To become a qualified helicopter pilot,
04:57you need more than 50 hours of flight training.
05:00How long will it take a beginner like Chris
05:03to master the K-Max and program his system
05:06to perform a series of complex maneuvers on his own?
05:11If he surpassed the training,
05:13he would be the first neuroscientist in the world
05:15to be able to give orders to an autonomous K-Max helicopter.
05:20Right, so we're going to create a mission plan.
05:23All right, so we've got to start.
05:25The test would be to establish a route
05:27for the 9.5-kilometer helicopter,
05:29get it to carry a lot of weight,
05:31and deliver it with great precision.
05:33You just have to give it a name, a position, and a height.
05:36When you click on the map,
05:38it tells the system where we want it to go.
05:40You just have to click, and that's it.
05:42That's the point of arrival?
05:44Yes, the point of arrival.
05:46We upload the information, and that's it.
05:48The midpoint.
05:50To start the mission,
05:52all I need is a controller like a video game console.
05:54So let's go. Let's make it take off on its own.
05:56You just have to press this takeoff button.
05:58The takeoff button.
06:00Yes, that's all.
06:02Good. Can we do the real thing now?
06:04Let's do it.
06:06Excellent.
06:08So here we are.
06:10This is your GCL.
06:12This is the ground control system, I guess.
06:14It's exactly the same as the simulation, right?
06:16Right.
06:18So what do I do to start the helicopter?
06:20Press the takeoff button.
06:22I'll press the takeoff button.
06:24That's it.
06:26So what do I do to start the helicopter?
06:28Press the takeoff button.
06:30I'll press the takeoff button.
06:32That's it.
06:38From this field, the order signal
06:40reaches a military satellite
06:42that sends it to the K-Max electronic brain,
06:44and its huge turbine engines come to life.
06:52On this occasion,
06:54when we're in American airspace,
06:56pilot Jerry is in command for this test.
07:00So the flight plan is,
07:02the helicopter is going to come up here
07:04and it's going to pick up this load
07:06that we have here in front of us,
07:08and then it's going to make a circle
07:10to deposit it here.
07:12That is awesome.
07:14There it is.
07:16In a matter of minutes,
07:18the K-Max reaches the loading point.
07:20Come up quick.
07:22It's going to land.
07:24We hook up the load,
07:26and then it's going to continue its mission.
07:30The helicopter lands right next to the load.
07:34All right.
07:36So I do the same thing as with the simulator?
07:38I press down here,
07:40and I press the automatic takeoff button?
07:42Yes, the automatic takeoff button.
07:46The thermal wind and the crosswind
07:48make it very difficult to lift a very heavy load.
07:50All right. Let's go.
07:52All right.
07:54Press the takeoff button again?
07:56Yes, press the takeoff button.
07:58All right.
08:00There's one last task left.
08:02Surround the airfield
08:04and deposit the load
08:06in a specific area for it.
08:08On this occasion,
08:10Jerry completes the mission
08:12with incredible precision
08:14a few centimeters from the target.
08:16But the question is,
08:18could a K-Max,
08:20completely autonomous,
08:22deposit its load
08:24with the same precision
08:26as a professional pilot?
08:28Well, yes.
08:30Here we have it flying
08:32only in Afghanistan
08:34and depositing the load
08:36for the troops on the ground.
08:38It has already completed
08:40more than 1,000 missions
08:42without a crew
08:44and has transported
08:46more than one ton of load.
08:48Kevin Petroski
08:50is in charge of the development
08:52program of the Lockheed K-Max.
08:54What is the future of the K-Max?
08:56In Afghanistan,
08:58it has already been tested in a military context
09:00and now we could use it
09:02in search and rescue situations,
09:04in natural disasters
09:06and humanitarian aid.
09:08The K-Max not only
09:10avoids the danger for the pilots,
09:12but it can also save the lives
09:14of those on the ground
09:16transporting drugs to remote places.
09:18I imagine in the future
09:20these helicopters
09:22remotely controlled
09:24with more intelligence,
09:26with the ability to analyze the atmosphere
09:28and working as delivery trucks
09:30but without getting stuck in traffic.
09:32When are we going to be prepared
09:34to see these huge helicopters
09:36flying over our cities without pilots?
09:38I don't know if I like the idea,
09:40however, if this is used to reduce
09:42the number of helicopter accidents,
09:44I may end up getting used to it.
09:48Remote-controlled technology
09:50prevents us from being involved
09:52in many dangerous situations
09:54and there is nothing more dangerous
09:56than disabling an improvised explosive,
09:58which requires a lot of experience
10:00and skill.
10:02Could we get a robot
10:04to react in real time
10:06and give it a delicate touch
10:08thanks to technology?
10:10It's hard for me to imagine
10:12a more dangerous job
10:14than that of an expert
10:16in disabling bombs.
10:18More than 100 firefighters
10:20have died since 9-11.
10:22Using robots instead of people
10:24is a solution.
10:26Almost 2,000 have already been used
10:28for this purpose.
10:34Could a robot be as skillful
10:36as a human someday?
10:40Daniel Kraft is about to investigate
10:42a revolutionary technology
10:44that could save thousands of lives.
10:50I'm heading to the physics lab
10:52outside Baltimore, Maryland.
10:54I'm going to meet an expert
10:56who doesn't care
10:58if his arms can fly through the air.
11:00I've been told it's a robot
11:02with two very skilful hands,
11:04so he wants to meet me.
11:06This is RoboSally.
11:08Hi Sally, nice to meet you.
11:10Wow, you're really tight-lipped.
11:12Tell me a little bit about how Sally was born.
11:14Sally was born in 2007
11:16when our lab started
11:18researching advanced robots
11:20to disable explosives.
11:22After six years of intensive development,
11:24researchers have confirmed
11:26that this is the most skilful
11:28remotely controlled explosive disabler.
11:30It has two arms and a torso
11:32that make its movements
11:34look like those of a person
11:36with their waist up.
11:38The head has a panoramic sweep unit
11:40that allows the user
11:42to make Sally look around
11:44and see the world as she sees it.
11:46The base has a mobile platform
11:48made up of four wheels,
11:50independent driving,
11:52which can be used as an alternative
11:54in any situation where you don't want
11:56to put a person in a dangerous situation.
11:58You could send the robot
12:00and it would be as efficient as a human being.
12:02The technician who controls Sally
12:04has an unprecedented level of control
12:06thanks to the one-to-one teleoperative system.
12:08So we put some sensors
12:10both in the arms
12:12and in the hands of a person
12:14and when it moves,
12:16the robot makes the same movement.
12:18It's a very intuitive control system.
12:20The sensors measure
12:22every movement the user makes.
12:24A computer codes them
12:26and transmits them wirelessly to Sally
12:28and then her robotic hands and fingers
12:30reproduce the movements
12:32with great precision.
12:34It even has touch feedback
12:36so that the user can feel what Sally is touching.
12:38Sally has so many sensors in her hand
12:40that it reaches the point of perceiving
12:42contact, vibration, displacement
12:44and the force generated in the hand.
12:46So different sensors will be used
12:48when Sally is being used
12:50to deactivate a bomb
12:52and when she is being used
12:54in a medical operation, right?
12:56To detect vital signs
12:58and save the patient.
13:00Exactly. In each arm
13:02we have 17 degrees of freedom
13:04that we can control.
13:06In the torso we have 3,
13:08in the platform 2
13:10and in the head 2 too.
13:12We have a lot of controls
13:14to control this robot.
13:16It can use both infrared technology
13:18and other features
13:20that allow it to see with low light.
13:22If we turn off the lights here,
13:24these cameras are so sensitive
13:26that they could perceive tiny amounts of light.
13:28It's time to put it to the test.
13:30Machine mind interface. Let's go.
13:32Start moving slowly
13:34to get an idea.
13:36It's amazing.
13:38Thumbs up.
13:42Thumbs up.
13:44Alright.
13:46I move my body
13:48as she moves my body.
13:50I can make complex movements.
13:52A visor connected wirelessly
13:54to Sally's stereoscopic cameras
13:56allows her to see exactly what she sees.
13:58Oh, wow.
14:00I feel like I'm in another world,
14:02but I'm still in this world.
14:04I see how I bring my hands closer to me.
14:06The lab is one thing, but the outside is another.
14:08How will Sally develop there?
14:10There's only one way to find out.
14:12Matt and his team have entrusted me
14:14with a mission.
14:16I have to go to RoboSally
14:18to try to deactivate a suspicious package.
14:20More than 6,000 American soldiers
14:22prepare daily to do this.
14:24I see the suspicious package over there.
14:26I keep looking at it.
14:28Can I point it out?
14:30Yeah.
14:32Okay.
14:34Here we are.
14:36There's the package.
14:38Right over there?
14:40Now I'm going to lean forward
14:42and I'm going to slowly and decisively
14:44remove part of the garbage.
14:46The 17 joints that each arm has
14:48reproduce each of the movements I make.
14:50This is incredible.
14:52You don't have to think too much.
14:54It's very natural.
14:56You lean and Sally leans too.
14:58These are foam rubber blocks,
15:00but their hands can lift objects
15:02weighing up to 45 kilos.
15:06I think I have to lean a little more
15:08to pick up what's inside the box.
15:10There we go.
15:12I'm removing what's inside
15:14to see if there's anything suspicious.
15:16I see something.
15:18Something that's a little suspicious.
15:20I'm going to try with my left arm.
15:22I'm going to see if I can get closer
15:26and pick up the element
15:28that's suspicious.
15:30Slow and steady.
15:32I've got to work my grip.
15:34There we go.
15:36If you have the artifact in your hand,
15:38deactivate it before it explodes.
15:40Okay.
15:42You have to pull the cable.
15:44We're going to pull the cable.
15:46I'm going to pull it hard and...
15:48Well, you've got the cable.
15:50I've got the cable, but I dropped the bomb.
15:52Sally's not to blame.
15:54It was a user error.
15:56Mission accomplished.
15:58Bomb deactivated.
16:00It takes a little bit of getting used to,
16:02but thanks to this robot,
16:04it's incredibly fast.
16:06It's much better than putting a soldier's life at risk.
16:08Exactly.
16:10Or anyone else's.
16:12Surprisingly, Sally can be directed
16:14from the other side of the world.
16:16And in addition to the return of touch,
16:18she'll be able to make decisions
16:20to move almost autonomously in 2018.
16:24I hope that in a few years
16:26all of this technology will come to light.
16:28The future is closer than we think, right?
16:30Yes, we hope so.
16:34This robot could also be used
16:36in other hostile environments,
16:38like natural disasters,
16:40chemical leaks or nuclear accidents,
16:42situations that require
16:44skill in the face of danger.
16:46The next invention is also related
16:48to the conflict.
16:50During World War II,
16:52I could have died when a V-2 rocket
16:54fell on my neighbor's house.
16:56I was only two weeks old.
16:58Attacking civilians is an inhuman crime.
17:00But if people keep insisting on declaring wars,
17:02technology should be used
17:04to reduce collateral damage.
17:06But the question is, how?
17:18Few would disagree
17:20that reducing the number of victims
17:22in wars should be
17:24one of our biggest priorities.
17:26Missiles can be used
17:28indiscriminately,
17:30killing both civilians
17:32and combatants.
17:34Elite snipers, on the other hand,
17:36are increasingly in demand
17:38because they can focus on specific targets.
17:40Accuracy takes time to reach,
17:42but now some developers
17:44claim that they have invented
17:46a rifle that always hits the target.
17:48Jim Al-Khalili has traveled
17:50to the Peninsulas,
17:52in northern England,
17:54to investigate.
18:00I've heard that there is
18:02such a powerful technology
18:04that allows anyone
18:06to become an excellent long-range
18:08sniper in a matter of minutes.
18:10So I've come here to find out
18:12if this is possible and how.
18:16The inspiration comes
18:18from the tracking systems
18:20of the fighter jets.
18:22The pilot points his missiles,
18:24guided by laser to the target
18:26on his radar, and once detected,
18:28he can fire his missiles
18:30at any time.
18:32This has been based on the exact system
18:34to create a firearm that is
18:36intended to transform
18:38current battlefields.
18:40There's no getting away from it,
18:42but no matter how much
18:44it can bother someone like me,
18:46an effective war consists of
18:48achieving the greatest possible
18:50impact on the enemy.
18:52A single sniper can shoot
18:54an entire enemy battalion
18:56The elite snipers,
18:58capable of reaching the first target
19:00located a kilometer away,
19:02are very few, and they are very well distributed.
19:04Until now, only a few
19:06managed to reach such a level of precision.
19:08So, to find out how it feels,
19:10I'm going to have to try it myself.
19:12Welcome to the sniper school.
19:16Simon Towne
19:18served in the British Navy infantry
19:20as a sniper for eight years.
19:22In 2012, the armed forces
19:24awarded him the title of best sniper.
19:26Simon, how long does it take
19:28to become a sniper?
19:30Well, to become a British Navy
19:32sniper, you have to go through
19:34a long process of 14 weeks
19:36in which you learn everything
19:38you need about the environment
19:40and about the rifle,
19:42from loading it to shooting in white.
19:44It covers all aspects.
19:46Simon, you only have an hour
19:48to teach me how to shoot
19:50with a normal sniper rifle
19:52and you never have to move it towards you.
19:54You have to stick your shoulder
19:56to the stock of the rifle
19:58and then you start aiming at the target.
20:00For this range, we need about 18 clicks.
20:02This is the elevation turret
20:04and you put it on to help you estimate
20:06the fall of the bullet.
20:08This is for the wind and you have to adjust
20:10it to the left or to the right,
20:12depending on where the wind is coming from.
20:14In addition, experienced snipers
20:16have to take into account
20:18the rotation of the bullet,
20:20and, as incredible as it may seem,
20:22in very long shots,
20:24also the rotation of the ground.
20:26Ready?
20:28Yes, I think so.
20:30It's your turn.
20:32Let's see.
20:34Well, the best and most comfortable
20:36thing is to leave the weight
20:38of the head dead.
20:40Now you can look at the sight.
20:42You already have it loaded.
20:44Like this.
20:46Now don't breathe.
20:48This is crucial.
20:50Snipers are trained to keep
20:52their muscles relaxed,
20:54to control their breathing
20:56and even to shoot between shots.
20:58Shoot when you're ready.
21:00You just shot a little high.
21:02Okay.
21:04Although Simon had already calibrated my sight,
21:06the difficulty was still enormous.
21:08Keeping your sight steady is almost impossible.
21:10Nice, consistent.
21:12Now we're going to try it off again.
21:14When you're ready.
21:16Breathe calmly,
21:18and when you're ready,
21:20pull the trigger again.
21:22Finally.
21:24That's the one you gave him.
21:26I gave him the target.
21:28What a relief.
21:30The art of shooting from a long distance
21:32requires meticulous attention to detail.
21:34Being able to hit the target
21:36more than 700 metres at first
21:38requires knowledge of physics,
21:40chemistry, meteorology and even biology.
21:42And this is where the exact system
21:44of Tracking Point comes into play.
21:46Jason Sobol is the executive director
21:48of Tracking Point.
21:56This is the world's first
21:58precision-guided firearm.
22:00What we've done is take a traditional,
22:02normal and common rifle and ammunition
22:04and we've integrated a sight with
22:06an internet connection and a guided trigger.
22:08When we embarked on this project,
22:10we wanted to solve several problems
22:12and one of them was why people miss
22:14when they shoot from long distances.
22:16They miss because they miscalculate
22:18the distance and the fall,
22:20so we've integrated a tracking laser system.
22:22At the front end of the sight
22:24there's a laser that sends thousands
22:26of pulses per second to calculate
22:28the distance to which the target is
22:30and it also has sensors
22:32capable of measuring pressure and temperature.
22:34So, instead of calibrating the sight,
22:36the trigger selects the target
22:38and the system uses the sensors
22:40to correlate all the ballistic factors.
22:42The sight is programmed to take
22:44all of that into account,
22:46but that's not all.
22:48We also solved the problem of nerves.
22:50It takes a lot of practice to control
22:52the breathing and control how
22:54the trigger is pressed.
22:56We've been able to leave all that out.
22:58Now you can press the trigger
23:00and let the gun fire only when
23:02the shot is optimal.
23:04To achieve this, Tracking Point
23:06utilizes the same tracking technology
23:08as the fighters' reactors.
23:10Once located, the system focuses on it
23:12and follows it with a laser.
23:14It's a bit like video games,
23:16but there's a difference.
23:18I press the trigger, but the gun
23:20decides which is the best time
23:22to fire the bullet.
23:24It doesn't fire until the sight
23:26is in the exact position
23:28required to hit the target.
23:30Supposedly, this smart rifle
23:32can hit a target
23:34a mile away
23:36regardless of the user's
23:38accuracy.
23:40But if it can make a theoretical physicist
23:42like Ying acquire the precision
23:44of a professional shooter,
23:46its efficiency will be more than demonstrated.
23:54A weapon manufacturer has
23:56incorporated tracking technology
23:58from the fighters' reactors
24:00into a rifle.
24:02It's a combination of lasers
24:04and ultra-smart sensors
24:06capable of turning
24:08a novice into an expert
24:10long-range sniper
24:12without any prior training.
24:14All right, Jim, now that you're ready
24:16to fire, I want you to pull
24:18your arm off safety.
24:20Okay, you're wide awake.
24:22Now I want you to use this red button
24:24here and designate your target
24:26from a distance. I'm going to see
24:28what you're seeing on this iPad.
24:30The digital image on the sight
24:32is connected to a Wi-Fi network
24:34so that both instructors and teammates
24:36can see everything the shooter sees.
24:38Hold down the red button for half a second
24:40and aim right in the middle of the target.
24:42The sensors instantly calculate
24:44the distance of 900 meters.
24:46During this distance,
24:48the bullet will fall about 7 meters,
24:50which is automatically compensated
24:52by the on-board computer.
24:54Hold the trigger.
25:00All right, it's low down to the right.
25:02What we're going to do is indicate
25:04that there's a little bit of wind
25:06and you're going to shoot
25:08at the same target.
25:12Good shot.
25:16Right in the middle.
25:18That is quite remarkable
25:20that as a novice like me
25:22you can shoot 15 centimeters
25:24at 900 meters away.
25:26Apparently, this technology
25:28has been able to turn me
25:30into an elite sniper
25:32in just an hour of training.
25:34So that's why I've decided
25:36to put it to the test.
25:38We've placed six targets
25:40for each one.
25:42In this case, helium balloons.
25:44They're 900 meters away
25:46and we'll have 12 bullets.
25:48I'm going to compete against Simon.
25:50He's going to use the exact system
25:52of TrackPoint.
25:54He's going to be a sniper against science.
25:56You have the yellow balloons
25:58and you have the red ones.
26:00So, Simon, what do you think?
26:02I think it's going to be very tough,
26:04to be honest.
26:06Let's see. Load your mags.
26:10Ready?
26:12All right, Simon is going to be
26:14the first one to shoot.
26:16Right low.
26:18Jim, you're up.
26:26High.
26:28So, come pretty low.
26:30Simon?
26:32Hit one.
26:34Jim, you're up.
26:38A little high.
26:40Simon, you're up.
26:42High.
26:44Jim, you're up.
26:46Got it.
26:50Hit again.
26:54Hit.
26:58Miss.
27:06Hit two.
27:10Right to the left.
27:12Low.
27:14Right below it.
27:18Miss.
27:20Got it.
27:22Right between them.
27:24All right, last shot.
27:28All right.
27:30So far, it's 11.
27:32So, final result has been three balloons, Jim,
27:34and five balloons, Simon.
27:36You've done very well,
27:38to be shooting for the first time
27:40a kilometer away.
27:42If I had used a rifle like yours,
27:44and I hadn't had the help of technology,
27:46I wouldn't have hit any of the balloons,
27:48I'm sure of that.
27:50Well, with the crosswind that there is,
27:52and all the environmental factors
27:54that have to be taken into account,
27:56if you had had to prepare the rifle yourself,
27:58I don't think you would have hit them.
28:00Currently, a super weapon is being developed
28:02that could be ready in 2014,
28:04and that could hit the target
28:06at almost three kilometers away,
28:08thus surpassing the longest shot
28:10in the world.
28:12Some of the armed forces
28:14have always used technology
28:16to take a step forward.
28:18What I hope is that more money is invested
28:20in reducing the number of casualties.
28:22With lethal weapons,
28:24there is always a risk
28:26that they will fall into the wrong hands.
28:28There will always be criminals
28:30as fond of technology as we are.
28:32But now, a new and advanced apparatus
28:34could transform the work of the police.
28:36It's easy for me to recognize myself.
28:38I'm very well known.
28:40I'm very well recognized.
28:42I am very well known.
28:44I'm very well recognized.
28:46However, could this new technology
28:48identify the criminals
28:50as easily as identify me?
28:56In the fight against criminal activity,
28:58identifying the suspects in real time
29:00is extremely difficult.
29:02Let me ask you that question.
29:04How much time do you need
29:06to be able to recognize it later.
29:08A quarter of a second?
29:11Is this the man you've seen?
29:13Or this?
29:14Perhaps you need a little more time.
29:17Half a second?
29:18If the subject is moving,
29:20there is little light or is very far away,
29:22facial recognition in real time is almost impossible.
29:26So what can science do about it?
29:30Karim Bondar is in San Diego
29:32to try one of the latest technological means
29:35to fight crime.
29:43For both the armed forces
29:45and the law-abiding institutions,
29:48getting good images of suspects is essential.
29:51For that, facial recognition technology
29:54has to be fast, precise and reliable.
29:57But will it ever be that way?
30:01Take your car and bring it here.
30:03Greg Steintal is the CEO
30:05of the image capture company StereoVision.
30:08So, guys, you take the suitcases and...
30:10They've created a new pioneering stereoscopic system
30:13that claims to be an advance in current technology.
30:16So you go back out and you put the suitcases in the car.
30:19Come on, let's go, guys.
30:20They've set up an undercover operation
30:22to show me how it works.
30:24Welcome to our surveillance station.
30:26What you're looking at is the new generation
30:28of facial recognition technology in 3D.
30:30So what we've done is integrate
30:32a surveillance operation with optical prismatics
30:35to allow us to identify someone in real time.
30:37It allows us to capture information in 3D
30:39at a distance of up to 100 metres
30:41and we use the information in 3D
30:43to improve the performance
30:45of the 2D facial recognition systems.
30:482D technology uses facial reference points
30:51to look for results
30:53that match the police records.
30:55But it's a slow technology
30:57and it only works in controlled conditions.
31:00Greig claims that this new device
31:02can produce more accurate results
31:04in a specific place and in real time.
31:07The prismatics capture a 3D image
31:09and send it to a computer
31:11in addition to detailed information on each pixel.
31:14An advanced programme increases the image
31:16and uses 68 biometric measurements,
31:19such as the depth of the eye sockets,
31:21to look for a matching police photo
31:23in a database.
31:25Who's going to try this in the surveillance station?
31:28Why don't you try it?
31:30Don't tell me twice.
31:32Everything's going to happen very quickly.
31:34I'm not going to have much time.
31:36You guys ready, boys?
31:38Yeah.
31:39Okay, let's go.
31:41Okay, there's a red car coming.
31:43A red car.
31:44Okay, now a green Land Rover.
31:46I have to be able to see the face of one of them
31:49or the system won't work.
31:51Okay, now walk around the car
31:53and see if we can catch him face to face.
31:55Yeah, when you see him face to face with you.
31:57Okay, I think I got it.
31:59In a matter of seconds,
32:01the prismatics transfer the image wirelessly.
32:03Then they increase it, process it,
32:05but it's not accurate enough.
32:07In this case, no coincidences have been found.
32:09For the system to work,
32:11the facial features of the eye area
32:13have to be recorded,
32:15so both eyes have to be seen clearly.
32:17Okay, here they come.
32:19Here they come.
32:23Okay, I think I have a good one now.
32:25And to make it more difficult,
32:27they act as if they saw me.
32:29Now they're going very fast.
32:31Oh, my God, they're going with the cars.
32:37It's been harder than I thought.
32:39Did I get anything?
32:41You did well, you did well.
32:43Let's go take a look.
32:45Okay, now it's processing the information.
32:47Some powerful algorithms
32:49clean and increase the image
32:51and increase the chances of coincidences.
32:53So it's working?
32:55It's coming.
32:57Now it's processing the information in 3D.
33:01Two possible coincidences found,
33:03and the second has the highest degree of similarity.
33:05All right, a positive result.
33:07That's it.
33:09What you see on the left
33:11is the image captured with the prismatics,
33:13and on the right is the image
33:15in which coincidences have been found
33:17within the database.
33:19Greg uses the 3D information
33:21recorded by the prismatics
33:23to separate the face
33:25and ignore the unwanted background information.
33:27Here we have him,
33:29and here we have the background.
33:31Greg claims that this technology
33:33increases the accuracy of
33:35current facial recognition technology
33:37by up to 40%.
33:39And that's what makes your technology
33:41so powerful is that you can separate
33:43the signal from the noise, right?
33:45Exactly.
33:47And you can identify it
33:49in less than 15 seconds.
33:51What can we expect
33:53from this technology
33:55during the next few years?
33:57Currently, this technology
33:59is in the hands of the Department of Justice.
34:01They are testing it and evaluating it.
34:03It's giving good results,
34:05and it's expected that by 2015
34:07it will be fully integrated
34:09and that agents will be able
34:11to perform effective street identification
34:13in real time.
34:15Security cameras,
34:17phone booths, surveillance,
34:19governments already have powerful tools
34:21to fight terrorism
34:23and organized crime.
34:25But are more resources
34:27necessary?
34:29The question we must ask ourselves
34:31is what price should we pay
34:33for our protection?
34:41As a counterpoint,
34:43an excellent invention
34:45that has no drawbacks.
34:47It is a new and revolutionary
34:49technology designed
34:51to radically increase
34:53our chances of survival
34:55in a medical emergency situation
34:57thanks to an intervention
34:59that goes straight to our blood.
35:03Oxygen is essential
35:05for us to live.
35:07Lack of it can make us go into a coma,
35:09have a heart attack,
35:11or even die.
35:13When I was 43,
35:15I had to undergo a tracheotomy
35:17to avoid a respiratory failure.
35:19It cost me my real voice,
35:21but fortunately I am still alive to tell it.
35:25Every day thousands of people
35:27are taken to the hospital
35:29for respiratory problems.
35:33When every second counts,
35:35what more can we do?
35:37Arathi Prasad
35:39is in Boston
35:41to investigate an invention
35:43that could revolutionize
35:45emergency medicine.
35:47The content of this tube
35:49could greatly increase
35:51our chances of survival.
35:53It is injectable oxygen.
35:55We have a five-month-old baby
35:57who has suddenly developed
35:59respiratory difficulty.
36:01A baby has been transferred
36:03to the hospital in a hurry.
36:05The doctors are desperate
36:07to get the oxygen back
36:09to the blood.
36:11Cardiac arrest.
36:13The oxygen level in the blood
36:15is so low that the girl's heart
36:17stops beating.
36:21The little girl has stopped breathing.
36:23She no longer gets oxygen to her brain,
36:25and when that happens,
36:27there is not much time left to act.
36:29Well, let's try the cannulas.
36:31Okay, let's try the intravenous cannulas.
36:33It depends on a thread.
36:35The only option left at this time
36:37is an invasive surgery to redirect the blood
36:39to a heart-lung machine
36:41to reoxygenate it.
36:43A painfully slow process.
36:47It's flowing.
36:49300.
36:51Okay, it's coming back.
36:53Good, go on, go on, Stephanie.
36:55350.
36:57The team has just finished with this patient
36:59and I would like to know what happened.
37:01The machine is now doing the work
37:03of the heart and lungs
37:05until the girl recovers.
37:07The so-called blue blood,
37:09or low-oxygen blood,
37:11goes to the machine,
37:13collects oxygen,
37:15and is pumped back
37:17to the body through the artery.
37:19What would be your biggest concerns
37:21if the little girl had not obtained oxygen?
37:23When the different organic systems
37:25run out of oxygen,
37:27their cells begin to die.
37:29These cells are not capable
37:31of producing new cells,
37:33but once those in the brain die,
37:35this one can't produce any more.
37:37If a baby's brain
37:39spends more than 25 minutes
37:41without oxygen,
37:43it's likely to end
37:45with major and devastating
37:47brain damage.
37:49This has just been a simulation
37:51with a doll.
37:53If this were a real emergency,
37:55the consequences could have been tragic.
37:57This nine-month-old girl
37:59suffered irreversible brain damage
38:01due to lack of oxygen
38:03at Boston Children's Hospital.
38:05After just a few days, she died.
38:07The incident left a mark
38:09on his doctor, Dr. John Keir.
38:13We were unable to get
38:15oxygen to reach the brain,
38:17not even for a few minutes,
38:19and that's a real situation
38:21that's been repeated over and over.
38:23And so I thought,
38:25how about injecting oxygen,
38:27raising the oxygen level in the blood
38:29with a simple and quick intravenous injection?
38:33In theory, with a simple
38:35puncture in the arm,
38:37the oxygen enters the body
38:39directly, enters the lungs
38:41and has an effect in a matter of seconds.
38:45But it's not as simple as simply
38:47injecting oxygen into the blood
38:49because that could be dangerous, right?
38:51Exactly. Even a small amount of oxygen
38:53in the blood could cause an embolism
38:55when it reaches the lungs.
38:57How do we avoid that problem?
38:59Well, what we've done is take the oxygen
39:01and divide it into billions and billions
39:03of microparticles.
39:05Each particle is covered
39:07by a small membrane
39:09so that the amount of oxygen
39:11is as small as it is to get into the blood
39:13and not cause an embolism.
39:15If you take this syringe,
39:17you'll see that it's very light.
39:19It's very light.
39:21So they're about two to five micrometers in diameter.
39:23They're about the size of red blood cells.
39:27The ultra-fine membrane
39:29that covers the small bubbles of pure oxygen
39:31is made up of fat molecules.
39:33When they're injected,
39:35the membranes dissolve
39:37and the oxygen is transferred directly
39:39to the red blood cells.
39:41So that's blood without oxygen, right?
39:43Yes, it's easily detectable
39:45by its colour. It's a dark brownish colour.
39:47So when you see blood like that,
39:49you know it needs oxygen.
39:51That's right. It doesn't need oxygen.
39:53When you add oxygen,
39:55you see how it starts to get a very bright red colour.
39:57And this monitor here
39:59shows us the oxygen saturation percentage.
40:01It's usually 95 or 100%, right?
40:03Yes.
40:05It's time to see if it really works.
40:07How much oxygen can it supply
40:09and how long will it take?
40:11So we're now going to add the bubbles.
40:13As soon as you add the bubbles,
40:15you see how it gets more red.
40:17It's already at 99%,
40:19a perfect level.
40:21An amazing advance that could
40:23transform emergency medicine.
40:25What you have inside this syringe,
40:27could we see it in ambulances
40:29to inject it into the patient's veins?
40:31Exactly.
40:33How long would it take?
40:35It's already been shown that it can keep
40:37an animal alive for 15 minutes
40:39after it stops breathing.
40:41Human tests will begin
40:43in the next five years.
40:45John's invention is seemingly simple.
40:47Small oxygen bubbles
40:49injected directly into the blood
40:51could save millions of lives every year.
40:53But that's not all.
40:55This technology of micro-bubbles
40:57could be used to supply medicine
40:59directly and not have an effect
41:01in hours or minutes, but in seconds.
41:05There will always be emergencies.
41:07But scientists are increasingly
41:09finding better ways
41:11to reduce pain and losses.
41:13Inventions that until recently
41:15seemed impossible
41:17appear quickly and help us
41:19control our lives more.
41:21Your future will be safer.
41:23Thank you for your attention.