Sinopsis
Isaac Asimov, uno de los grandes autores de ciencia ficción, también conocido como 'padre de los robots', envía un mensaje dirigido al hombre del futuro, es decir, a nosotros, 30 años después de su muerte, gracias a la inteligencia artificial.
Escritor a tiempo completo, podía escribir un promedio de trece libros al año. Escribía historias que se desarrollaban en nuestro futuro cercano y a menudo, lejano. Nos cuenta que las imaginaba a partir de lo que sabía de la ciencia. Solía describir una humanidad que ha dejado la Tierra para ir a otros planetas, con nuevas fuentes de energía, nuevas ciencias, robots, inteligencia artificial. Describía cómo esas tecnologías modificaban las sociedades, así como los conflictos que provocaban su emergencia.
Isaac Asimov, uno de los grandes autores de ciencia ficción, también conocido como 'padre de los robots', envía un mensaje dirigido al hombre del futuro, es decir, a nosotros, 30 años después de su muerte, gracias a la inteligencia artificial.
Escritor a tiempo completo, podía escribir un promedio de trece libros al año. Escribía historias que se desarrollaban en nuestro futuro cercano y a menudo, lejano. Nos cuenta que las imaginaba a partir de lo que sabía de la ciencia. Solía describir una humanidad que ha dejado la Tierra para ir a otros planetas, con nuevas fuentes de energía, nuevas ciencias, robots, inteligencia artificial. Describía cómo esas tecnologías modificaban las sociedades, así como los conflictos que provocaban su emergencia.
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FunTranscript
01:00Hello. My name is Isaac Asimov. I was born in 1920. By the time you hear this, I will
01:17have been dead for many years. But this is me speaking to you. Does my name ring a bell?
01:25I am often presented as the father of robots, or one of the three greats of science fiction.
01:34Science fiction, to most people who are not familiar with the genre, means horror comics
01:41and movies, and it is a shame. If you look into the history of the genre, you will find
01:47that it is a recent branch of literature, of no more than two centuries. But it deals
01:54with what for thousands of years have been the ancient myths and legends. The need for
02:03collective stories, the long desire to fascinate, and the desire to unravel the mysteries of
02:12the world's evolution. You, the 21st century humans of tomorrow, have been the main concern
02:22of my life. Every day I have written imagining what could happen to you. And in fact, I wanted
02:27to challenge time and send you a message, because I am convinced that science fiction
02:33can help humanity. It contains powers that are more necessary than ever for the survival
02:41of the species. I have already tried to share this conviction with the men of my time, but
02:47despite the many microphones and cameras that were offered to me, were they prepared
02:53to listen to it? Only you, people of the future, will be able to judge.
02:58I hope you enjoy it as much as I do. I am impressed to speak with Isaac Asimov. I feel
03:19a great admiration for him. Perhaps he is the greatest of the writers of science fiction.
03:27He is primarily recognized as the master of science fiction. His sci-fi stories are
03:36so accurate that many think they can predict the future. He is a scientist, extremely popular,
03:46capable of explaining very complex things in very simple terms. Those calculations are
03:53of a man famous for his rational thinking. Tonight, he tells us what we must do to survive,
04:02and why we can't wait until the year 2000. Dr. Asimov, what makes science fiction
04:11attractive? Today, science fiction is the appropriate literary form. Of the different
04:19genres of fiction, only science fiction is part of the principle that societies are going
04:26to change. In these stories, societies are radically different. There are huge differences,
04:34whether through time travel or space travel, or overpopulation. It is not present society.
04:50The story of the future. That's how I define the set of books that make up my work. Stories
04:56that sometimes describe the evolution of societies over thousands of years, such as the trilogy
05:02of the Foundation. Probably of my books, this is the one that has had the most impact.
05:07I wrote it at the age of 20. By the way, it had a certain influence in a saga that 30
05:12years later was a great success. Foundation is a epic set in a time when humanity has
05:21spread to new planets. It tells the decline of the Galactic Empire. To write it, I was
05:28inspired by the history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. Because you will see,
05:33I think the most exciting story is that of our world, that of history books. You are probably
05:43surprised by the idea coming from an author of science fiction, but the scientist in me
05:48thinks that reality has no limits while our imagination feeds on what really happened.
05:57To explain myself better, allow me to go back a few moments to my own life, to tell you
06:03how I came across what is known as the great story. I was born in Russia in 1920. My parents
06:13emigrated to the United States, where they arrived three years later. If they had stayed
06:19in Russia, who knows what would have happened to us with the dark period of the Stalinist
06:23revolutions, the Second World War and the occupation of our region by the Nazis. In
06:31Russia, my father came from a family of relatively prosperous merchants, but when he arrived
06:36in the United States, he found himself empty-handed. After three years, he had saved enough to
06:42buy a small family bazaar, sweets, cigarettes and newspapers. This store not only ensured
06:48our future, but it was also the setting of my first emotions as a science fiction reader.
06:53But then I will return to this point. Realizing that my parents did not know how to read English,
06:59I launched myself only to the learning of reading, deciphering all the signs I found
07:05on the street, and later all the books that fell into my hands in the neighborhood library.
07:10I was passionate about everything, I became a compulsive reader, and thanks to a memory whose incredible
07:15performance I have never been able to explain, I began to build a culture without limits. I read
07:21the Iliad so many times that I can still quote verses at any time. So my passion
07:27for history arose in childhood. I discovered the Byzantine Empire and the brilliant Greek civilization.
07:34I read over and over again a world history written by a French author of the 19th century,
07:39Victor Drouhi. Since then, although my studies led me to a scientific career, I have never
07:45lost interest in history. By force of study, I ended up understanding that if you look closely
08:01at the history of humanity, you can establish a relationship between any lasting change
08:06and a technological advance. Think, for example, of the changes that took place between the
08:1619th and 20th centuries in the everyday life of people due to the development of agriculture,
08:21the invention of the printing press, gunpowder, or the compass.
08:45Behind any important transformation in the history of humanity, we can find a lot of
09:15things.
09:17In the past, you could live a life very similar to that of your father, which was the same
09:32as that of your grandfather. I would say that since the Industrial Revolution, that no longer
09:40exists, there is a relationship between the use of robotics and the social aspect of science
09:44fiction.
09:45In my opinion, there is a relationship between the use of robotics and the social aspect
09:52of science fiction.
09:59I define science fiction as the branch of literature that deals with the reactions of
10:15human beings to changes.
10:22Our reaction to the advances of science has always oscillated between fascination and rejection.
10:29The history of science fiction thus demonstrates this.
10:34Let us take, for example, what some consider the first modern science fiction book, Frankenstein,
10:41published in 1818.
10:43A few years earlier, an Italian anatomist, Luigi Galvani, verified that the muscles of
10:51a human being, when dissected, were contracted as if they were alive, when an electric current
10:58crossed them.
10:59What if electricity were the secret of life?
11:02You do not need anything else to imagine being able to create life artificially, thanks
11:08to some strictly scientific principles.
11:11However, in Frankenstein, the monster, with a fury that the book has not justified, comes
11:17killing those who love the scientist more.
11:22And in the end, the scientist himself.
11:27The novel tells one of the most persistent fears of humanity, the fear of dangerous
11:34science.
11:35I call it the Frankenstein complex.
11:41This theme, which describes an arrogant and anxious humanity to play to be God through
11:46a wrong science, is present in many stories of science fiction.
12:11There are things that man should not know, we thought then.
12:19As the 19th century advanced, the theological distrust of science was fading.
12:25The industrial revolution extended its conquests.
12:31And an irrational zeal for progress made us believe that science could provide us with
12:36a utopian world.
12:41Unfortunately, the First World War dissipated this dream.
12:46The terrible massacre showed us how science could become an enemy of humanity.
12:51Science allowed us to make new explosives and build planes to transport them.
12:59It also allowed us, to the horror, to spray the trenches with toxic gases.
13:05Now you will understand how the evil scientist, or at best, the crazy scientist, became a
13:10type of science fiction character after the First World War.
13:35In the 1930s, I became a science fiction reader.
13:40When I started working in my father's store, the magazine Pool joined my serious reading.
13:46At first, I liked them more than anything else.
13:50I took them from the store and reconciled them with the taxed work and the endless opening
13:55time of the store.
13:57I read them very carefully, and then I put them back in the display case as if they were
14:02new.
14:03But soon I got tired of the stories of crazy scientists that were constantly repeated.
14:09As I wanted to do a career in science, I ended up rebelling against this caricatured vision
14:14of science fiction.
14:21I didn't know it then, but thanks to this scientific training, I would be one of those
14:26who would completely transform the genre.
14:29They called it the golden age of science fiction.
14:32But first I had to meet my publisher, John Campbell.
14:37Before 1938, science fiction writers knew little about science, apart from their Sunday
14:47supplement readings.
14:50At any rate, Campbell changed all this.
14:54He wanted stories in which science was believable.
15:00He tended to choose stories written by scientists, who had obviously studied science, or by people
15:10with a certain scientific culture, to be able to speak of it in a plausible way.
15:18Then many new writers appeared.
15:23Robert A. Heinlein and A. E. Van Vogt were the best representatives of what is now called
15:31the golden age of science fiction.
15:35I must mention a third writer, who afterwards seems to have accompanied the previous ones,
15:42and it is none other than myself, Isaac Asimov.
15:46I have never shown false modesty or true modesty, by the way.
15:52The great stories of this period narrated a world of computers, of space trips,
15:59a world impregnated with scientific culture.
16:05In fact, the world of science fiction of the 1940s described many aspects of the real world
16:14of the 1960s.
16:17So much so, that now we live in a world of science fiction.
16:44With the golden age, science fiction suddenly gained some credibility.
16:57Atomic energy, rockets, electronics, computers...
17:04Everything that constituted the basis of science fiction became reality.
17:20And at a time when the rhythm of progress intensified even more,
17:25readers fell in love with the genre, and began to devour the works of other writers.
17:32And began to devour the works of Arthur C. Clarke, Ray Bradbury,
17:37Theodore Sturgeon, Frederick Paul, Robert Heinlein,
17:42Alfred Wester, Evan Vogt, Jack Vance, Frank Herbert, and many more.
18:03I myself became a full-time writer, and began to write an average of 13 books a year.
18:10It was what is known as a prolific writer.
18:16I wrote stories that took place in our near future, and often far away.
18:21I imagined them from what I knew about science.
18:25I used to describe a humanity that has left Earth to go to other planets with new sources of energy.
18:33New sciences, robots, artificial intelligence.
18:40I described how these technologies modified societies,
18:44as well as the conflicts that caused their emergence.
18:55I wrote all day and only stopped to go to bed.
19:00I avoided leaving my house because I have claustrophobia,
19:04that is, I prefer closed places.
19:08But like many writers, I have used my neuroses to work.
19:13My writing machine was placed in such a way
19:16that when I looked up I only saw a white and blind wall in front of me.
19:21In short, I only liked the comfort of my small office.
19:32I did not lack anything because I had my library at hand.
19:36In addition, of course, of all the books that I had already read,
19:39and that were impeccably recorded in my memory.
19:44I am not ashamed to confess that I am afraid of the outside world.
19:47I am afraid of planes and trips.
19:49Why would I risk it when, with a simple writing machine,
19:52I could travel to the future and to the borders of the universe without leaving my office?
20:05Dr. Asimov, in 1939, published a story in which he described the first trip to the Moon.
20:12Frank Borman and the Apollo 8 team managed to orbit the Moon in 1968.
20:17You had placed your story in 1974.
20:20How does a science fiction writer react to that?
20:25It's nice, although I regret being too prudent.
20:30I was six years behind and I did not imagine everything we were going to do.
20:37The manned flight, the moon landing, the maneuvers ...
20:41I only imagined a man orbiting the Moon.
20:44Actually, I would like to be able to do it more often.
20:53How can you predict the future?
20:59At the Foundation, my protagonist, Harry Sheldon, is a scientist,
21:03a citizen of the Galactic Empire,
21:05who has developed a science that allows to anticipate the main changes in the history of humanity.
21:11Psychohistory combines psychology, sociology and statistics.
21:18Harry Sheldon seeks to determine the nature of the changes that will affect society
21:23and at what precise moment in the history of the world
21:26human intervention can effectively influence the course of events.
21:31For this purpose, he records holographic messages
21:34intended to be discovered by future generations
21:37at key moments in human history.
21:40Harry Sheldon does not really create these forces.
21:45He merely controls them.
21:47He calculates out where a small push might be most efficient at changing.
21:52It is as though you imagined a huge stampede of horses.
22:00It is as if we could calculate the precise moment
22:04at which a sudden fright will make it change direction
22:08to take it exactly where we want it to go.
22:22As to me, they saw me as a prophet
22:25because I introduced robots into my stories.
22:29The robots and the problems that accompany them.
22:32In May 1939, at the age of 19,
22:36I wrote a story called Robby.
22:39The action takes place in the near future.
22:42It is the story of a girl who takes care of her pet robot
22:46in front of the worried gaze of her parents.
22:49It is the first in a long series of robot stories.
22:58THE FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGY
23:20These stories describe futuristic technologies
23:23in a very plausible way.
23:25Robots are not Frankenstein's monsters or metaphors.
23:28They are machines.
23:43Machines that require artificial brains of incredible complexity
23:47but that fit into a space as small as a skull.
23:51In 1940, I invented the term positronic brains
23:55in a story called Reason,
23:57which is the story of a robot
23:59that begins to philosophize
24:01while running the simple program that composes it.
24:06Unfortunately, I did not think of naming the computers.
24:10At that time, computers had not yet been invented.
24:17I got closer to the goal
24:19when I understood that if we wanted to build computer robots,
24:22we would have to develop an immense branch of technology.
24:26I called this science robotics.
24:36In the late 1950s,
24:38Unimation Incorporation became the first company
24:41to produce industrial robots.
24:44It was founded by Joseph F. Engelberger.
24:48According to his own statements,
24:50he began to be interested in robots in the 1940s
24:53when he read the stories written by his colleague
24:56at Columbia University, a man named Isaac Asimov.
25:02Almighty God
25:05You see, when writing the stories of robots,
25:08I did not have great ambitions.
25:10I just hoped to sell them to magazines
25:12to raise a few hundred dollars
25:14and thus continue with my studies.
25:17But without knowing it,
25:19I gave the first shot at a succession of events
25:22that led to a profound transformation of our world.
25:32But it was especially in Vicious Circle,
25:35a story that presents a robot sent to Mercury
25:38to collect selenium that does not behave as expected,
25:41where I first exposed my three laws of robotics.
25:47Three laws of robotics
25:48said to be a most entertaining presentation.
25:51Okay, sure.
25:53Will you step back, sir, to maximize presentation?
25:56Right.
26:10First law of robotics.
26:12A robot may not injure a human being
26:15or, through inaction, cause a human being to come to harm.
26:19Second law.
26:21A robot must obey all human orders
26:24except where those orders come in conflict with the first law.
26:28Third law.
26:30A robot must protect itself
26:32so law-enduing self does not conflict with the first two laws.
26:36Now, these laws are sufficiently ambiguous
26:47so that I can write stories and stories
26:51in which something strange happens,
26:54in which the robots behave abnormally
26:57or become potentially dangerous,
27:01not because of a bad interpretation,
27:05but because of an unexpected effect of the three laws.
27:18But beyond my own books,
27:20the three laws fed numerous stories written or directed by others
27:25when artificial intelligence came into play.
27:31I was designed to prevent war.
27:34This objective has been achieved.
27:37I will not allow war.
27:39An invariably constant human law
27:42is that man is his worst enemy.
27:45Under my direction,
27:47this law will change and I will bring them peace.
27:51It may be a peace of abundance and happiness
27:54or the peace of very death.
27:57The choice is yours.
27:59Obey and live or disobey and die.
28:11I do not conceive my books as prophecies,
28:14but as possible scripts for the history of mankind.
28:18If you review my writings,
28:20you can see me take different points of view
28:23about ethical or moral problems.
28:26I want to present documentation in each script.
28:30I do not give answers.
28:32I raise the problems anticipating all the possibilities.
28:36The choice is the reader's.
28:39For example,
28:41should we, for our security or our comfort,
28:45trust the machines at the cost of our freedom?
28:49Should we, for our security or our comfort,
28:53trust the machines at the cost of our freedom?
28:56The discovery of new sciences
28:58requires that humanity reconsider the limits of what it considers good.
29:02So, control and security or freedom and danger?
29:08In Conflict Avoidable, I chose control and security.
29:12In that work, I describe a society
29:15in which computers regulate the world economy
29:18with the aim of avoiding hostilities
29:20and maintaining humanity
29:22at the cost of sacrificing some of its members.
29:27In the End of Eternity,
29:29I chose freedom and its dangers.
29:32In the book, humans decide,
29:34thanks to the scientific discovery of time travel,
29:37modify the course of the past,
29:39avoiding all wars and catastrophes,
29:42but without controlling the dramatic consequences
29:45in the long term for the species.
29:49What About Machines?
29:51Will man create machines
29:53that are more efficient than him,
29:55as you describe?
29:57Well, we already have.
29:59I mean, the various machines and stations
30:02are more efficient than man.
30:04Now, if you don't believe me,
30:06put a jet under a man
30:08and send it to space,
30:10put it out of space.
30:12Our machines are better than man in their sphere.
30:15But your question is,
30:17could we get it in all areas?
30:21In the arts?
30:23Yes.
30:24As soon as we can design
30:26an artificial brain
30:28as complex as man's,
30:30it will be able to do everything we do.
30:35Can you imagine a computer
30:37able to understand emotions?
30:39Of course.
30:40Each brain only reacts
30:42to the effect of its cells
30:44and their disposition.
30:46The same number of cells,
30:48disposed in the same way,
30:50would do the same.
30:52Our brain is just made
30:54of atoms and molecules.
30:57Cells, circuits, arrangements.
31:00A brain is nothing more
31:02than a physical object
31:04made of matter
31:06that we can replicate
31:08in enough time.
31:10I'm not a mystic.
31:12I still believe that men
31:14are better than machines.
31:16But you are not.
31:23In the last question,
31:25the computer is becoming
31:27more and more sophisticated
31:29over the millennia,
31:31because each computer
31:33designs its own successor
31:35that surpasses it,
31:37and so on,
31:39until in the end
31:41it literally becomes God.
31:43Of all the stories I've written,
31:45this is my favorite.
31:49While in The Bicentennial Man,
31:51a book three times as voluminous
31:53as the last question,
31:55but that barely covers
31:57two centuries of history,
31:59I describe the stages
32:01in which a computer
32:03does not access divinity,
32:05but something that affects
32:07humanity more intimately.
32:09After being a brain
32:11a computer has become
32:13a totally human aspect
32:15and behavior.
32:17I believe that if,
32:19using more and more
32:21artificial organs,
32:23robots were closer
32:25to human beings
32:27and vice versa,
32:29that is, humans to robots,
32:31they could eventually meet.
32:33And when people were
32:35in front of a hybrid creature
32:37between metal and organic,
32:39I don't think the solution
32:41to this problem would be very simple.
32:43I don't care.
32:45In your opinion,
32:47is that progress?
32:49Progress is what allows
32:51humanity to live
32:53and prosper.
32:55Anything that leads
32:57to the disappearance
32:59of the human race
33:01and the earth
33:03cannot be progress.
33:05Throughout history,
33:07people have distrusted
33:09progress
33:11and knowledge.
33:13In my books,
33:15you will often find confrontations
33:17between supporters of blind confidence
33:19and those of absolute rejection
33:21of new technologies.
33:23And if we go back to the first myths,
33:25even in the story of Adam and Eve,
33:27the great lack is to eat
33:29the fruit of the tree of knowledge
33:31of good and evil.
33:33People always have the feeling
33:35that knowing more than necessary
33:37is bad.
33:39After all,
33:41all inventions are potentially dangerous.
33:43The discovery of fire
33:45allows cooking
33:47and causes fires.
33:49The discovery of the compass
33:51facilitated navigation
33:53and destroyed
33:55pre-Columbian civilizations.
33:57Medical advances
33:59save millions of lives
34:01and aggravate the problem
34:03of the demographic explosion.
34:05Now we are in the era
34:07of the computer.
34:09Will it take over our work
34:11and leave us inactive
34:13in a permanent lethargy?
34:15Or will it free us
34:17from the unworthy tasks
34:19of the human mind
34:21to free our creativity?
34:23What I'm trying to tell you
34:25is that each era
34:27has its discoveries
34:29with its advances
34:31If I could live
34:33at any other era,
34:35which one would I choose?
34:37The tendency is to prefer
34:39the golden age of Athens
34:41to know Greek,
34:43to listen to the works of Scyllus,
34:45Sophocles or Euripides
34:47in ancient Greek,
34:49newly written.
34:51The night of the premiere.
34:53The problem is that society
34:55was based on slavery.
34:57The real citizens
34:59most people were peasants
35:01or slaves.
35:03They had no right to education.
35:05I would be afraid to go there
35:07to talk to Socrates
35:09and find myself being a slave
35:11working on a farm.
35:13It's not a good idea.
35:15It doesn't matter.
35:17There would be no antibiotics
35:19or anesthetics.
35:21What if you had an appendicitis attack?
35:23It doesn't look good.
35:25Absolutely.
35:27Now is the time.
35:29With the risk of nuclear war.
35:31There is a notable difference
35:33between the science-fiction
35:35of the society of the 50s
35:37and the society of the 70s.
35:39It is the fact that
35:41there is a difference
35:43of opinion
35:45between the people
35:47of the 50s
35:49and the people
35:51of the 70s.
35:53There is a difference
35:55between the people
35:57of the 50s
35:59and the people
36:01of the 70s.
36:03The danger for humanity
36:05was no longer military.
36:07There were no more stories
36:09of interplanetary invasions
36:11or scientific wars
36:13between the owners
36:15of the atomic bomb.
36:17A new type of danger
36:19made its appearance.
36:29Explosion
36:31Explosion
36:33Explosion
36:35Explosion
36:37Explosion
36:39Explosion
36:41Explosion
36:43Explosion
36:47Explosion
36:49Explosion
36:51Explosion
36:53Explosion
36:55Explosion
36:57Explosion
36:59Explosion
37:01Explosion
37:03Explosion
37:05The ecological danger.
37:11The world of the future
37:13was a super-populated,
37:15over-polluted,
37:17lacking resources,
37:19plagued by all kinds of tensions.
37:21The young people today
37:23see that some of the applications
37:25of science
37:27are destroying
37:29the world in which they live.
37:31Pollution
37:33arises,
37:35most entirely,
37:37from the application
37:39of scientific discoveries
37:41like exhaust gases,
37:43radioactive waste
37:45by nuclear reactors,
37:47things like
37:49that.
37:51If the young people
37:53imagine that scientists,
37:55in their advances,
37:57carelessly induce
37:59all sorts of undesirable
38:01secondary effects,
38:03and they wash their hands
38:05and say it's not their concern,
38:07then obviously scientists
38:09are the villains
38:11of human history,
38:13and that is through science
38:15human history will come to an end.
38:17But this is not so,
38:19and it should not be.
38:37We have come to the moment
38:39in human history
38:41when mistakes have so many consequences,
38:43and our margin of error is so small
38:45that we can no longer believe
38:47that we are able to correct them.
38:49We must plan in advance
38:51in order to decide
38:53which way to go.
39:01How does one imagine
39:03the planet in 500 years?
39:05I see two possible options
39:07from here to the year 2000.
39:09By then,
39:11if we have not solved
39:13our current problems,
39:15I would say that in 500 years
39:17we will have a technological civilization
39:19in ruins.
39:23Few human beings
39:25will have survived.
39:27New York
39:29will be in ruins,
39:31the most beautiful ruins
39:33in the history of humanity.
39:35And the other option?
39:37If we succeed in solving
39:39our problems now,
39:41in 500 years
39:43we could live in a kind of utopia,
39:45in a world with a small population,
39:47managing resources well,
39:49with colonies on the moon,
39:51perhaps on Mars,
39:53spreading through the solar system,
39:55taking advantage of technological advances
39:57that we cannot imagine.
39:59Living conditions so good
40:01that when we look back
40:03at our present,
40:05we would wonder
40:07how we could have survived.
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45:20score two
45:22score three
45:24score two
45:26score three
45:28score four
45:30score five
45:32score four
45:34score five
45:36score six
45:38We are no longer into the past,
45:40we are never more into the world,
45:42try to do the 되ben,
45:44to think about the future.
45:46The destiny of history
45:48science fiction. Science fiction does not speak of change in an abstract way. Each of
45:56its stories describes a specific change and decides whether it is for better or for worse.
46:05In general, in science fiction, change is worse or threatens to be worse. The authors are
46:13not pessimistic by nature. And a change is not always worse, but it gives more drama
46:20to the stories. Science fiction teaches us that there are many changes that humanity
46:27can choose through its actions. It should choose a change for better and not for worse.
46:35In my opinion, this is a more accurate interpretation of science fiction.
46:43Has science fiction ever influenced the world? Julio Verne and H. G. Wells wrote stories
46:54of lunar expeditions and paved the way for space travel or for the appearance of the
47:03atomic bomb. Yes, sometimes the stories of science fiction come true. Today, futurology
47:24occupies a prominent place in politics, economy, or military affairs. The writers of science
47:35fiction have the attention of all those whose project is to guide the future of the world.
48:24To despise science fiction, citing as an example the most childish versions produced
48:40by Hollywood, can be called snobbery. To refuse to consider the power of science fiction
48:52is to reject a decisive ally in the face of the cult of ignorance and the proliferation
48:57of what I call pseudoscience.
49:32I do not believe that there is a unique and inevitable future written on zafiro boards
49:39in the archives of heaven and that humanity is destined to live it second by second all
49:45eternity. In my opinion, there are innumerable possible futures, and if we want to survive,
49:54it is essential what I call the science fiction attitude. The great value of science fiction
50:00lies in that it allows speculation and makes it respectable. In short, the writer can
50:11jump over the abysses that separate us from a still illegible world. More than the scientist,
50:19he has the freedom to speculate in directions that may seem to us the strangest. A friend
50:27of mine sees the authors of science fiction as explorers sent by humanity to the future
50:35to observe it and warn us that there are moving sands there and it is better that we cross
50:42that hill. We do not predict, sometimes we approach something that will happen, I did,
50:50but it is accidental. What we do, mainly, is to try to illuminate the human condition
50:59using a system of thought adapted to a society different from ours. That said, it is nothing
51:10more than literature, and like all good literature, it is supposed to illuminate the human condition.
51:20As I have told you, when you listen to me, I will no longer be here, but I do not regret
51:31not seeing how possible futures develop. Because as the protagonist of the foundation, Harry
51:41Sheldon, at the end of his life, I can contemplate my work around me and that comforts me. I have
51:48studied, imagined and represented many possible futures, so it is as if I had known them in
51:56person. My message is that science and new technologies, if they are well-directed, are
52:06capable of solving the serious problems that arise today. They can also annihilate humanity.
52:14That is why I think that the younger generations have the mission of acquiring the knowledge
52:19that allows them to influence the use of science. For this, the writers of science fiction,
52:27perhaps more than anyone, can help you look to the future. Because our works tirelessly
52:33repeat the same question. Where are we going? Where are we going?