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Sinopsis
Isaac Asimov, uno de los grandes autores de ciencia ficción, también conocido como 'padre de los robots', envía un mensaje dirigido al hombre del futuro, es decir, a nosotros, 30 años después de su muerte, gracias a la inteligencia artificial.

Escritor a tiempo completo, podía escribir un promedio de trece libros al año. Escribía historias que se desarrollaban en nuestro futuro cercano y a menudo, lejano. Nos cuenta que las imaginaba a partir de lo que sabía de la ciencia. Solía describir una humanidad que ha dejado la Tierra para ir a otros planetas, con nuevas fuentes de energía, nuevas ciencias, robots, inteligencia artificial. Describía cómo esas tecnologías modificaban las sociedades, así como los conflictos que provocaban su emergencia.

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Transcript
01:00Hello. My name is Isaac Asimov. I was born in 1920. By the time you hear this, I will
01:17have been dead for many years. But this is me speaking to you. Does my name ring a bell?
01:25I am often presented as the father of robots, or one of the three greats of science fiction.
01:34Science fiction, to most people who are not familiar with the genre, means horror comics
01:41and movies, and it is a shame. If you look into the history of the genre, you will find
01:47that it is a recent branch of literature, of no more than two centuries. But it deals
01:54with what for thousands of years have been the ancient myths and legends. The need for
02:03collective stories, the long desire to fascinate, and the desire to unravel the mysteries of
02:12the world's evolution. You, the 21st century humans of tomorrow, have been the main concern
02:22of my life. Every day I have written imagining what could happen to you. And in fact, I wanted
02:27to challenge time and send you a message, because I am convinced that science fiction
02:33can help humanity. It contains powers that are more necessary than ever for the survival
02:41of the species. I have already tried to share this conviction with the men of my time, but
02:47despite the many microphones and cameras that were offered to me, were they prepared
02:53to listen to it? Only you, people of the future, will be able to judge.
02:58I hope you enjoy it as much as I do. I am impressed to speak with Isaac Asimov. I feel
03:19a great admiration for him. Perhaps he is the greatest of the writers of science fiction.
03:27He is primarily recognized as the master of science fiction. His sci-fi stories are
03:36so accurate that many think they can predict the future. He is a scientist, extremely popular,
03:46capable of explaining very complex things in very simple terms. Those calculations are
03:53of a man famous for his rational thinking. Tonight, he tells us what we must do to survive,
04:02and why we can't wait until the year 2000. Dr. Asimov, what makes science fiction
04:11attractive? Today, science fiction is the appropriate literary form. Of the different
04:19genres of fiction, only science fiction is part of the principle that societies are going
04:26to change. In these stories, societies are radically different. There are huge differences,
04:34whether through time travel or space travel, or overpopulation. It is not present society.
04:50The story of the future. That's how I define the set of books that make up my work. Stories
04:56that sometimes describe the evolution of societies over thousands of years, such as the trilogy
05:02of the Foundation. Probably of my books, this is the one that has had the most impact.
05:07I wrote it at the age of 20. By the way, it had a certain influence in a saga that 30
05:12years later was a great success. Foundation is a epic set in a time when humanity has
05:21spread to new planets. It tells the decline of the Galactic Empire. To write it, I was
05:28inspired by the history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. Because you will see,
05:33I think the most exciting story is that of our world, that of history books. You are probably
05:43surprised by the idea coming from an author of science fiction, but the scientist in me
05:48thinks that reality has no limits while our imagination feeds on what really happened.
05:57To explain myself better, allow me to go back a few moments to my own life, to tell you
06:03how I came across what is known as the great story. I was born in Russia in 1920. My parents
06:13emigrated to the United States, where they arrived three years later. If they had stayed
06:19in Russia, who knows what would have happened to us with the dark period of the Stalinist
06:23revolutions, the Second World War and the occupation of our region by the Nazis. In
06:31Russia, my father came from a family of relatively prosperous merchants, but when he arrived
06:36in the United States, he found himself empty-handed. After three years, he had saved enough to
06:42buy a small family bazaar, sweets, cigarettes and newspapers. This store not only ensured
06:48our future, but it was also the setting of my first emotions as a science fiction reader.
06:53But then I will return to this point. Realizing that my parents did not know how to read English,
06:59I launched myself only to the learning of reading, deciphering all the signs I found
07:05on the street, and later all the books that fell into my hands in the neighborhood library.
07:10I was passionate about everything, I became a compulsive reader, and thanks to a memory whose incredible
07:15performance I have never been able to explain, I began to build a culture without limits. I read
07:21the Iliad so many times that I can still quote verses at any time. So my passion
07:27for history arose in childhood. I discovered the Byzantine Empire and the brilliant Greek civilization.
07:34I read over and over again a world history written by a French author of the 19th century,
07:39Victor Drouhi. Since then, although my studies led me to a scientific career, I have never
07:45lost interest in history. By force of study, I ended up understanding that if you look closely
08:01at the history of humanity, you can establish a relationship between any lasting change
08:06and a technological advance. Think, for example, of the changes that took place between the
08:1619th and 20th centuries in the everyday life of people due to the development of agriculture,
08:21the invention of the printing press, gunpowder, or the compass.
08:45Behind any important transformation in the history of humanity, we can find a lot of
09:15things.
09:17In the past, you could live a life very similar to that of your father, which was the same
09:32as that of your grandfather. I would say that since the Industrial Revolution, that no longer
09:40exists, there is a relationship between the use of robotics and the social aspect of science
09:44fiction.
09:45In my opinion, there is a relationship between the use of robotics and the social aspect
09:52of science fiction.
09:59I define science fiction as the branch of literature that deals with the reactions of
10:15human beings to changes.
10:22Our reaction to the advances of science has always oscillated between fascination and rejection.
10:29The history of science fiction thus demonstrates this.
10:34Let us take, for example, what some consider the first modern science fiction book, Frankenstein,
10:41published in 1818.
10:43A few years earlier, an Italian anatomist, Luigi Galvani, verified that the muscles of
10:51a human being, when dissected, were contracted as if they were alive, when an electric current
10:58crossed them.
10:59What if electricity were the secret of life?
11:02You do not need anything else to imagine being able to create life artificially, thanks
11:08to some strictly scientific principles.
11:11However, in Frankenstein, the monster, with a fury that the book has not justified, comes
11:17killing those who love the scientist more.
11:22And in the end, the scientist himself.
11:27The novel tells one of the most persistent fears of humanity, the fear of dangerous
11:34science.
11:35I call it the Frankenstein complex.
11:41This theme, which describes an arrogant and anxious humanity to play to be God through
11:46a wrong science, is present in many stories of science fiction.
12:11There are things that man should not know, we thought then.
12:19As the 19th century advanced, the theological distrust of science was fading.
12:25The industrial revolution extended its conquests.
12:31And an irrational zeal for progress made us believe that science could provide us with
12:36a utopian world.
12:41Unfortunately, the First World War dissipated this dream.
12:46The terrible massacre showed us how science could become an enemy of humanity.
12:51Science allowed us to make new explosives and build planes to transport them.
12:59It also allowed us, to the horror, to spray the trenches with toxic gases.
13:05Now you will understand how the evil scientist, or at best, the crazy scientist, became a
13:10type of science fiction character after the First World War.
13:35In the 1930s, I became a science fiction reader.
13:40When I started working in my father's store, the magazine Pool joined my serious reading.
13:46At first, I liked them more than anything else.
13:50I took them from the store and reconciled them with the taxed work and the endless opening
13:55time of the store.
13:57I read them very carefully, and then I put them back in the display case as if they were
14:02new.
14:03But soon I got tired of the stories of crazy scientists that were constantly repeated.
14:09As I wanted to do a career in science, I ended up rebelling against this caricatured vision
14:14of science fiction.
14:21I didn't know it then, but thanks to this scientific training, I would be one of those
14:26who would completely transform the genre.
14:29They called it the golden age of science fiction.
14:32But first I had to meet my publisher, John Campbell.
14:37Before 1938, science fiction writers knew little about science, apart from their Sunday
14:47supplement readings.
14:50At any rate, Campbell changed all this.
14:54He wanted stories in which science was believable.
15:00He tended to choose stories written by scientists, who had obviously studied science, or by people
15:10with a certain scientific culture, to be able to speak of it in a plausible way.
15:18Then many new writers appeared.
15:23Robert A. Heinlein and A. E. Van Vogt were the best representatives of what is now called
15:31the golden age of science fiction.
15:35I must mention a third writer, who afterwards seems to have accompanied the previous ones,
15:42and it is none other than myself, Isaac Asimov.
15:46I have never shown false modesty or true modesty, by the way.
15:52The great stories of this period narrated a world of computers, of space trips,
15:59a world impregnated with scientific culture.
16:05In fact, the world of science fiction of the 1940s described many aspects of the real world
16:14of the 1960s.
16:17So much so, that now we live in a world of science fiction.
16:44With the golden age, science fiction suddenly gained some credibility.
16:57Atomic energy, rockets, electronics, computers...
17:04Everything that constituted the basis of science fiction became reality.
17:20And at a time when the rhythm of progress intensified even more,
17:25readers fell in love with the genre, and began to devour the works of other writers.
17:32And began to devour the works of Arthur C. Clarke, Ray Bradbury,
17:37Theodore Sturgeon, Frederick Paul, Robert Heinlein,
17:42Alfred Wester, Evan Vogt, Jack Vance, Frank Herbert, and many more.
18:03I myself became a full-time writer, and began to write an average of 13 books a year.
18:10It was what is known as a prolific writer.
18:16I wrote stories that took place in our near future, and often far away.
18:21I imagined them from what I knew about science.
18:25I used to describe a humanity that has left Earth to go to other planets with new sources of energy.
18:33New sciences, robots, artificial intelligence.
18:40I described how these technologies modified societies,
18:44as well as the conflicts that caused their emergence.
18:55I wrote all day and only stopped to go to bed.
19:00I avoided leaving my house because I have claustrophobia,
19:04that is, I prefer closed places.
19:08But like many writers, I have used my neuroses to work.
19:13My writing machine was placed in such a way
19:16that when I looked up I only saw a white and blind wall in front of me.
19:21In short, I only liked the comfort of my small office.
19:32I did not lack anything because I had my library at hand.
19:36In addition, of course, of all the books that I had already read,
19:39and that were impeccably recorded in my memory.
19:44I am not ashamed to confess that I am afraid of the outside world.
19:47I am afraid of planes and trips.
19:49Why would I risk it when, with a simple writing machine,
19:52I could travel to the future and to the borders of the universe without leaving my office?
20:05Dr. Asimov, in 1939, published a story in which he described the first trip to the Moon.
20:12Frank Borman and the Apollo 8 team managed to orbit the Moon in 1968.
20:17You had placed your story in 1974.
20:20How does a science fiction writer react to that?
20:25It's nice, although I regret being too prudent.
20:30I was six years behind and I did not imagine everything we were going to do.
20:37The manned flight, the moon landing, the maneuvers ...
20:41I only imagined a man orbiting the Moon.
20:44Actually, I would like to be able to do it more often.
20:53How can you predict the future?
20:59At the Foundation, my protagonist, Harry Sheldon, is a scientist,
21:03a citizen of the Galactic Empire,
21:05who has developed a science that allows to anticipate the main changes in the history of humanity.
21:11Psychohistory combines psychology, sociology and statistics.
21:18Harry Sheldon seeks to determine the nature of the changes that will affect society
21:23and at what precise moment in the history of the world
21:26human intervention can effectively influence the course of events.
21:31For this purpose, he records holographic messages
21:34intended to be discovered by future generations
21:37at key moments in human history.
21:40Harry Sheldon does not really create these forces.
21:45He merely controls them.
21:47He calculates out where a small push might be most efficient at changing.
21:52It is as though you imagined a huge stampede of horses.
22:00It is as if we could calculate the precise moment
22:04at which a sudden fright will make it change direction
22:08to take it exactly where we want it to go.
22:22As to me, they saw me as a prophet
22:25because I introduced robots into my stories.
22:29The robots and the problems that accompany them.
22:32In May 1939, at the age of 19,
22:36I wrote a story called Robby.
22:39The action takes place in the near future.
22:42It is the story of a girl who takes care of her pet robot
22:46in front of the worried gaze of her parents.
22:49It is the first in a long series of robot stories.
22:58THE FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGY
23:20These stories describe futuristic technologies
23:23in a very plausible way.
23:25Robots are not Frankenstein's monsters or metaphors.
23:28They are machines.
23:43Machines that require artificial brains of incredible complexity
23:47but that fit into a space as small as a skull.
23:51In 1940, I invented the term positronic brains
23:55in a story called Reason,
23:57which is the story of a robot
23:59that begins to philosophize
24:01while running the simple program that composes it.
24:06Unfortunately, I did not think of naming the computers.
24:10At that time, computers had not yet been invented.
24:17I got closer to the goal
24:19when I understood that if we wanted to build computer robots,
24:22we would have to develop an immense branch of technology.
24:26I called this science robotics.
24:36In the late 1950s,
24:38Unimation Incorporation became the first company
24:41to produce industrial robots.
24:44It was founded by Joseph F. Engelberger.
24:48According to his own statements,
24:50he began to be interested in robots in the 1940s
24:53when he read the stories written by his colleague
24:56at Columbia University, a man named Isaac Asimov.
25:02Almighty God
25:05You see, when writing the stories of robots,
25:08I did not have great ambitions.
25:10I just hoped to sell them to magazines
25:12to raise a few hundred dollars
25:14and thus continue with my studies.
25:17But without knowing it,
25:19I gave the first shot at a succession of events
25:22that led to a profound transformation of our world.
25:32But it was especially in Vicious Circle,
25:35a story that presents a robot sent to Mercury
25:38to collect selenium that does not behave as expected,
25:41where I first exposed my three laws of robotics.
25:47Three laws of robotics
25:48said to be a most entertaining presentation.
25:51Okay, sure.
25:53Will you step back, sir, to maximize presentation?
25:56Right.
26:10First law of robotics.
26:12A robot may not injure a human being
26:15or, through inaction, cause a human being to come to harm.
26:19Second law.
26:21A robot must obey all human orders
26:24except where those orders come in conflict with the first law.
26:28Third law.
26:30A robot must protect itself
26:32so law-enduing self does not conflict with the first two laws.
26:36Now, these laws are sufficiently ambiguous
26:47so that I can write stories and stories
26:51in which something strange happens,
26:54in which the robots behave abnormally
26:57or become potentially dangerous,
27:01not because of a bad interpretation,
27:05but because of an unexpected effect of the three laws.
27:18But beyond my own books,
27:20the three laws fed numerous stories written or directed by others
27:25when artificial intelligence came into play.
27:31I was designed to prevent war.
27:34This objective has been achieved.
27:37I will not allow war.
27:39An invariably constant human law
27:42is that man is his worst enemy.
27:45Under my direction,
27:47this law will change and I will bring them peace.
27:51It may be a peace of abundance and happiness
27:54or the peace of very death.
27:57The choice is yours.
27:59Obey and live or disobey and die.
28:11I do not conceive my books as prophecies,
28:14but as possible scripts for the history of mankind.
28:18If you review my writings,
28:20you can see me take different points of view
28:23about ethical or moral problems.
28:26I want to present documentation in each script.
28:30I do not give answers.
28:32I raise the problems anticipating all the possibilities.
28:36The choice is the reader's.
28:39For example,
28:41should we, for our security or our comfort,
28:45trust the machines at the cost of our freedom?
28:49Should we, for our security or our comfort,
28:53trust the machines at the cost of our freedom?
28:56The discovery of new sciences
28:58requires that humanity reconsider the limits of what it considers good.
29:02So, control and security or freedom and danger?
29:08In Conflict Avoidable, I chose control and security.
29:12In that work, I describe a society
29:15in which computers regulate the world economy
29:18with the aim of avoiding hostilities
29:20and maintaining humanity
29:22at the cost of sacrificing some of its members.
29:27In the End of Eternity,
29:29I chose freedom and its dangers.
29:32In the book, humans decide,
29:34thanks to the scientific discovery of time travel,
29:37modify the course of the past,
29:39avoiding all wars and catastrophes,
29:42but without controlling the dramatic consequences
29:45in the long term for the species.
29:49What About Machines?
29:51Will man create machines
29:53that are more efficient than him,
29:55as you describe?
29:57Well, we already have.
29:59I mean, the various machines and stations
30:02are more efficient than man.
30:04Now, if you don't believe me,
30:06put a jet under a man
30:08and send it to space,
30:10put it out of space.
30:12Our machines are better than man in their sphere.
30:15But your question is,
30:17could we get it in all areas?
30:21In the arts?
30:23Yes.
30:24As soon as we can design
30:26an artificial brain
30:28as complex as man's,
30:30it will be able to do everything we do.
30:35Can you imagine a computer
30:37able to understand emotions?
30:39Of course.
30:40Each brain only reacts
30:42to the effect of its cells
30:44and their disposition.
30:46The same number of cells,
30:48disposed in the same way,
30:50would do the same.
30:52Our brain is just made
30:54of atoms and molecules.
30:57Cells, circuits, arrangements.
31:00A brain is nothing more
31:02than a physical object
31:04made of matter
31:06that we can replicate
31:08in enough time.
31:10I'm not a mystic.
31:12I still believe that men
31:14are better than machines.
31:16But you are not.
31:23In the last question,
31:25the computer is becoming
31:27more and more sophisticated
31:29over the millennia,
31:31because each computer
31:33designs its own successor
31:35that surpasses it,
31:37and so on,
31:39until in the end
31:41it literally becomes God.
31:43Of all the stories I've written,
31:45this is my favorite.
31:49While in The Bicentennial Man,
31:51a book three times as voluminous
31:53as the last question,
31:55but that barely covers
31:57two centuries of history,
31:59I describe the stages
32:01in which a computer
32:03does not access divinity,
32:05but something that affects
32:07humanity more intimately.
32:09After being a brain
32:11a computer has become
32:13a totally human aspect
32:15and behavior.
32:17I believe that if,
32:19using more and more
32:21artificial organs,
32:23robots were closer
32:25to human beings
32:27and vice versa,
32:29that is, humans to robots,
32:31they could eventually meet.
32:33And when people were
32:35in front of a hybrid creature
32:37between metal and organic,
32:39I don't think the solution
32:41to this problem would be very simple.
32:43I don't care.
32:45In your opinion,
32:47is that progress?
32:49Progress is what allows
32:51humanity to live
32:53and prosper.
32:55Anything that leads
32:57to the disappearance
32:59of the human race
33:01and the earth
33:03cannot be progress.
33:05Throughout history,
33:07people have distrusted
33:09progress
33:11and knowledge.
33:13In my books,
33:15you will often find confrontations
33:17between supporters of blind confidence
33:19and those of absolute rejection
33:21of new technologies.
33:23And if we go back to the first myths,
33:25even in the story of Adam and Eve,
33:27the great lack is to eat
33:29the fruit of the tree of knowledge
33:31of good and evil.
33:33People always have the feeling
33:35that knowing more than necessary
33:37is bad.
33:39After all,
33:41all inventions are potentially dangerous.
33:43The discovery of fire
33:45allows cooking
33:47and causes fires.
33:49The discovery of the compass
33:51facilitated navigation
33:53and destroyed
33:55pre-Columbian civilizations.
33:57Medical advances
33:59save millions of lives
34:01and aggravate the problem
34:03of the demographic explosion.
34:05Now we are in the era
34:07of the computer.
34:09Will it take over our work
34:11and leave us inactive
34:13in a permanent lethargy?
34:15Or will it free us
34:17from the unworthy tasks
34:19of the human mind
34:21to free our creativity?
34:23What I'm trying to tell you
34:25is that each era
34:27has its discoveries
34:29with its advances
34:31If I could live
34:33at any other era,
34:35which one would I choose?
34:37The tendency is to prefer
34:39the golden age of Athens
34:41to know Greek,
34:43to listen to the works of Scyllus,
34:45Sophocles or Euripides
34:47in ancient Greek,
34:49newly written.
34:51The night of the premiere.
34:53The problem is that society
34:55was based on slavery.
34:57The real citizens
34:59most people were peasants
35:01or slaves.
35:03They had no right to education.
35:05I would be afraid to go there
35:07to talk to Socrates
35:09and find myself being a slave
35:11working on a farm.
35:13It's not a good idea.
35:15It doesn't matter.
35:17There would be no antibiotics
35:19or anesthetics.
35:21What if you had an appendicitis attack?
35:23It doesn't look good.
35:25Absolutely.
35:27Now is the time.
35:29With the risk of nuclear war.
35:31There is a notable difference
35:33between the science-fiction
35:35of the society of the 50s
35:37and the society of the 70s.
35:39It is the fact that
35:41there is a difference
35:43of opinion
35:45between the people
35:47of the 50s
35:49and the people
35:51of the 70s.
35:53There is a difference
35:55between the people
35:57of the 50s
35:59and the people
36:01of the 70s.
36:03The danger for humanity
36:05was no longer military.
36:07There were no more stories
36:09of interplanetary invasions
36:11or scientific wars
36:13between the owners
36:15of the atomic bomb.
36:17A new type of danger
36:19made its appearance.
36:29Explosion
36:31Explosion
36:33Explosion
36:35Explosion
36:37Explosion
36:39Explosion
36:41Explosion
36:43Explosion
36:47Explosion
36:49Explosion
36:51Explosion
36:53Explosion
36:55Explosion
36:57Explosion
36:59Explosion
37:01Explosion
37:03Explosion
37:05The ecological danger.
37:11The world of the future
37:13was a super-populated,
37:15over-polluted,
37:17lacking resources,
37:19plagued by all kinds of tensions.
37:21The young people today
37:23see that some of the applications
37:25of science
37:27are destroying
37:29the world in which they live.
37:31Pollution
37:33arises,
37:35most entirely,
37:37from the application
37:39of scientific discoveries
37:41like exhaust gases,
37:43radioactive waste
37:45by nuclear reactors,
37:47things like
37:49that.
37:51If the young people
37:53imagine that scientists,
37:55in their advances,
37:57carelessly induce
37:59all sorts of undesirable
38:01secondary effects,
38:03and they wash their hands
38:05and say it's not their concern,
38:07then obviously scientists
38:09are the villains
38:11of human history,
38:13and that is through science
38:15human history will come to an end.
38:17But this is not so,
38:19and it should not be.
38:37We have come to the moment
38:39in human history
38:41when mistakes have so many consequences,
38:43and our margin of error is so small
38:45that we can no longer believe
38:47that we are able to correct them.
38:49We must plan in advance
38:51in order to decide
38:53which way to go.
39:01How does one imagine
39:03the planet in 500 years?
39:05I see two possible options
39:07from here to the year 2000.
39:09By then,
39:11if we have not solved
39:13our current problems,
39:15I would say that in 500 years
39:17we will have a technological civilization
39:19in ruins.
39:23Few human beings
39:25will have survived.
39:27New York
39:29will be in ruins,
39:31the most beautiful ruins
39:33in the history of humanity.
39:35And the other option?
39:37If we succeed in solving
39:39our problems now,
39:41in 500 years
39:43we could live in a kind of utopia,
39:45in a world with a small population,
39:47managing resources well,
39:49with colonies on the moon,
39:51perhaps on Mars,
39:53spreading through the solar system,
39:55taking advantage of technological advances
39:57that we cannot imagine.
39:59Living conditions so good
40:01that when we look back
40:03at our present,
40:05we would wonder
40:07how we could have survived.
40:11New York
40:13New York
40:15New York
40:17New York
40:19New York
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45:20score two
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45:36score six
45:38We are no longer into the past,
45:40we are never more into the world,
45:42try to do the 되ben,
45:44to think about the future.
45:46The destiny of history
45:48science fiction. Science fiction does not speak of change in an abstract way. Each of
45:56its stories describes a specific change and decides whether it is for better or for worse.
46:05In general, in science fiction, change is worse or threatens to be worse. The authors are
46:13not pessimistic by nature. And a change is not always worse, but it gives more drama
46:20to the stories. Science fiction teaches us that there are many changes that humanity
46:27can choose through its actions. It should choose a change for better and not for worse.
46:35In my opinion, this is a more accurate interpretation of science fiction.
46:43Has science fiction ever influenced the world? Julio Verne and H. G. Wells wrote stories
46:54of lunar expeditions and paved the way for space travel or for the appearance of the
47:03atomic bomb. Yes, sometimes the stories of science fiction come true. Today, futurology
47:24occupies a prominent place in politics, economy, or military affairs. The writers of science
47:35fiction have the attention of all those whose project is to guide the future of the world.
48:24To despise science fiction, citing as an example the most childish versions produced
48:40by Hollywood, can be called snobbery. To refuse to consider the power of science fiction
48:52is to reject a decisive ally in the face of the cult of ignorance and the proliferation
48:57of what I call pseudoscience.
49:32I do not believe that there is a unique and inevitable future written on zafiro boards
49:39in the archives of heaven and that humanity is destined to live it second by second all
49:45eternity. In my opinion, there are innumerable possible futures, and if we want to survive,
49:54it is essential what I call the science fiction attitude. The great value of science fiction
50:00lies in that it allows speculation and makes it respectable. In short, the writer can
50:11jump over the abysses that separate us from a still illegible world. More than the scientist,
50:19he has the freedom to speculate in directions that may seem to us the strangest. A friend
50:27of mine sees the authors of science fiction as explorers sent by humanity to the future
50:35to observe it and warn us that there are moving sands there and it is better that we cross
50:42that hill. We do not predict, sometimes we approach something that will happen, I did,
50:50but it is accidental. What we do, mainly, is to try to illuminate the human condition
50:59using a system of thought adapted to a society different from ours. That said, it is nothing
51:10more than literature, and like all good literature, it is supposed to illuminate the human condition.
51:20As I have told you, when you listen to me, I will no longer be here, but I do not regret
51:31not seeing how possible futures develop. Because as the protagonist of the foundation, Harry
51:41Sheldon, at the end of his life, I can contemplate my work around me and that comforts me. I have
51:48studied, imagined and represented many possible futures, so it is as if I had known them in
51:56person. My message is that science and new technologies, if they are well-directed, are
52:06capable of solving the serious problems that arise today. They can also annihilate humanity.
52:14That is why I think that the younger generations have the mission of acquiring the knowledge
52:19that allows them to influence the use of science. For this, the writers of science fiction,
52:27perhaps more than anyone, can help you look to the future. Because our works tirelessly
52:33repeat the same question. Where are we going? Where are we going?

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