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00:00The French grandmother drugged by her ex-husband so she could be raped and sexually abused
00:10by him and 50 other men for years gave her closing statement Tuesday in court.
00:15Giselle Pellicot saying it was time for France's quote macho society to change the way it looks
00:21at rape.
00:22Pellicot has become a feminist hero for pushing for the trial to be held publicly to raise
00:27awareness about the use of drugs to commit sexual abuse.
00:30Selina Sykes reports.
00:33Taking the stand for the last time, Giselle Pellicot did not mince her words to the dozens
00:38of men accused of raping her, including her then-husband.
00:42Calling them cowards, she said.
00:45Rape is rape.
00:46When you walk into a bedroom and see a motionless body, at what point do you decide not to react?
00:51Why did you not leave immediately to report it to the police?
00:56In her final statement, Pellicot also issued a plea for her widely followed trial to be
01:01a wake-up call, and that rape no longer be trivialised.
01:04Dominique Pellicot, who is also giving evidence for the last time, has admitted to drugging
01:09his wife and recruiting dozens of men online to rape her.
01:13He told the court on Tuesday that he did so to satisfy a fantasy, and once again emphasised
01:19the other men's responsibility for their acts, saying,
01:23I came to do what I did through people who willingly accepted what I proposed.
01:28Only a handful of the other 50 defendants admit to raping Giselle Pellicot.
01:33Dominique Pellicot will face some final questions from the defence on Wednesday, as the trial
01:38is now entering its closing stages.
01:41Civil parties will deliver their closing arguments, followed by the prosecution, before making
01:46their sentencing demands for Dominique Pellicot and the other defendants.
01:51Sentencing will take place on the 20th of December.
01:54We're going to talk more about the Pellicot case now with Katie Ebnerlander, who's a philosopher
01:59and junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows.
02:02Thank you so much for taking the time to speak to us, Katie.
02:05Now, many of the men on trial have no previous convictions, no testified history even of
02:11prior misogyny.
02:13How do you explain their behaviour, the allegations of their behaviour?
02:17I think there's two things that we should keep in mind here.
02:21One is a quarter of the men I think have experienced sexual violence as children, or I'm not sure
02:26exactly that statistic, but a large number of them.
02:29So that opens up questions about how do we understand the effects of sexual violence
02:34in our society writ large.
02:37And then with the people who have no prior conviction, I think the question that we need
02:40to ask is how did they get involved in this in the first place?
02:44And that takes us to understand very closely what the forum was online, the chatroom Coco,
02:50on which they connected with Dominic Pellicot and organised to go and rape his then wife.
02:56All right.
02:57So let's talk a bit more about that.
02:59I mean, has the internet impacted these crimes?
03:02Would you say is online anonymity to blame?
03:05Well, think about this forum.
03:08It's anonymous.
03:09You have a pseudonym and you have disappearing messages.
03:11So across the trial, when I was there a couple of weeks ago, the jury often referred to it
03:16as a dating site, but it's not a dating site.
03:19It's a chatroom where you can buy drugs or you can buy sex and where you have a whole
03:24set of forums where you can enter and do things that you would never usually do in person.
03:30The forum allows you to have a kind of invisibility and immediacy to state your desires, however
03:36strange they may be, and never confront the resistance of reality.
03:41So what's the bigger picture here when it comes to rape culture in France?
03:44I mean, at the same time, there is another trial that's on now in France of a man who
03:49was accused of raping his own teenage daughter and inviting other strangers to do so as well.
03:54I mean, how common is this kind of thing?
03:57Well, I think what we get with the possibility to connect with a whole set of people online
04:02is the scale.
04:04So I think part of the reason for why this trial has been huge, both in France and elsewhere,
04:09is that the scale is something that is almost hard to imagine before our current technological
04:14moment, that there were 80 men involved in this case.
04:17I'm not sure how many men involved in the other case, but it is a kind of extraordinary
04:21scale that if you think if someone did this in person by contacting people at bars, in
04:26local places, it would have been a significantly reduced setting.
04:30So that's one point.
04:31A second point I want to make is about how the internet kind of changes desire because
04:36it prevents us, as lots of psychologists have shown in relation to online porn, from
04:41thinking about a delay and a mentalization, a way of thinking about another person, as
04:47not being immediately there for your satisfaction.
04:50So I wonder if the way we consume online pornography, the way we exist with our desires online, shapes
04:56some of this behavior, too.
04:58So moving forward, I mean, what can be done to perhaps try and control some of what you're
05:03saying?
05:04I mean, should more legislation be put in place?
05:06Well, you would hope so.
05:07So COCO has been shut down, not only in relation to this trial, but because SOS homophobe created
05:14an inquest against it after a lot of ambushes of gay men attacked through that platform.
05:20But what's happened since is there's a replacement site called Chat, which seems to have exactly
05:24the same functionality.
05:26So I think what the legislation should do going forward is consider how do we regulate,
05:32moderate, and understand these forums, as opposed to letting them run wild.
05:36Katie, what about the whole notion of shame?
05:39I mean, Giselle Pelico has said she's got nothing to be ashamed of.
05:42That's why she wanted this trial to be public, which is incredibly rare.
05:46It is an incredibly courageous move as well.
05:48I mean, how big a problem is shaming the victim in rape cases today?
05:53Yeah.
05:54So the question of shame-changing sides, I think this trial will have an impact on.
06:00When I spoke to some LGBTQ organizations in Avignon, people said that new allegations
06:05had come forward to them almost every day anecdotally.
06:09But another thing that happened in the trial was actually that lots of the female partners
06:13of the accused were brought into a very strange logic, whereby the jury asked them, your husband,
06:21your partner seems to be satisfied with you sexually.
06:24How do you explain that he did this?
06:26And so there's still a question and an assumption of how shame works and how a kind of normal
06:32sexuality works, where if you just give your husband enough sex, something like this won't
06:37happen.
06:38Well, that's interesting, because it also brings in another notion here, which is the
06:42notion of consent, even within married couples, established couples, for example.
06:45I mean, other countries seem to have made more progress on the notion of consent when
06:50it comes to sexual interactions.
06:52Legally, what role does consent play in France, do you know?
06:56So consent is not part of the current definition of rape.
06:59But surprise is that you cannot have sex with someone under conditions of surprise.
07:04And that has historically been understood to include sleep.
07:07So in that case, we have a really clear case for rape here.
07:14What is happening in the trial is that the language of consent is coming up, where the
07:19jury is asking the accused, were you aware that it was not possible for someone to consent
07:23under these conditions?
07:24So that suggests that there is a possible opening for consent to be understood, incorporated
07:29within that definition, although I know that's a wide debate in France, and I'm not sure
07:33how that will turn out.
07:34All right.
07:35Katie, thank you for sharing your expertise with us.
07:36Katie Emner-Landy speaking to me there.