Grande nouvelle concernant la Lune : les scientifiques ont découvert qu'elle cache bien plus d'eau que nous ne l'avons jamais imaginé ! 🌕💧 Cette eau ne se trouve pas dans de grandes flaques ou des lacs, mais est piégée dans de minuscules billes de verre et à l'intérieur du sol lunaire. Cette découverte change la donne car l'eau signifie que nous pourrions soutenir de futures bases lunaires—imaginez des astronautes buvant de l'eau lunaire ou la divisant pour fabriquer du carburant de fusée. 🚀 Les scientifiques ont utilisé des technologies avancées pour la trouver et ils cherchent maintenant à comprendre comment la collecter et l'utiliser. Qui sait ? Cela pourrait être la clé pour donner un nouvel élan à l'exploration spatiale comme jamais auparavant ! 🌌 Animation créée par Sympa.
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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FunTranscript
00:00It is so close to us, at least in terms of space, but there are still so many things that we do not know about the Moon.
00:08For example, Chinese researchers have collected samples of the Moon's soil and have discovered that there could be billions of tiny spheres of glass on the lunar surface.
00:18What is really impressive is that they could contain huge amounts of water.
00:24These tiny spheres form when meteorites hit the Moon at crazy speeds, sometimes at hundreds of thousands of miles per hour.
00:32When this happens, a strong explosion sends pieces of lunar crust flying in the air like blown corn.
00:39As these pieces of crust cool down, they create small balls of glass that look like tiny sparkling spheres.
00:47These balls are so small that they look like crumbles scattered on the surface of the Moon.
00:53Scientists call them impact glasses.
00:57And it turns out that the lunar soil contains a secret ingredient that can produce water.
01:02Oxygen.
01:03Thus, these small balls of glass are like tiny capsules containing oxygen.
01:08There is a particular type of wind called solar wind, composed of protons and electrons.
01:14When the protons collide with the capsules, they mix with the oxygen inside and end up producing water.
01:22But the most amazing part is that some of these balls of glass containing water are hidden under a layer of lunar dust called regolith.
01:32So if we go on a mission to the Moon, we will have water tanks hidden underground.
01:37It's as if someone had prepared canned food for our survival.
01:42Because you can't drink this water directly from these balls of glass, you are supposed to collect them and boil them in an oven to extract the water.
01:50When they cool down, they release steam, so that you will have ordinary liquid water in a bottle.
01:57This way, the astronauts on the mission will be able to stay up there longer, taking into account these secret reserves.
02:04And the coolest thing is that these balls of glass are very common on the Moon.
02:08They are scattered from poles to equator, which means that there could be enough water even for generations to come and live there one day.
02:19There are also other places in space where we can find water.
02:23For example, scientists have discovered an extremely vast cloud of water vapor located 12 billion light years away from us.
02:31Not within reach, of course, but it's still good to know.
02:37And here we are talking about something bigger than we can imagine.
02:41We think the cloud contains at least 140 billion billion times the amount of water present in all the oceans and seas of our home planet.
02:50Imagine swimming or diving underwater there.
02:54It's like diving into a huge water balloon that travels through space.
02:58I mean, you wouldn't have a way out, given the amount of water there is, but hey, at least the view would be beautiful.
03:08Water is actually omnipresent in our solar system.
03:12It mainly occurs in the form of atmospheric gas or ice, and sometimes even in liquid form.
03:18There are probably also many aquatic worlds in our galaxy.
03:22Scientists from the University of Copenhagen have discovered new fascinating evidence on the formation of planets in our solar system and beyond.
03:31Their computer models have confirmed the interesting theory of rock accretion,
03:36which means that planets are formed from small pieces of ice and dust.
03:43This theory is based on the observation of disks around young stars composed of rocks representing several hundred terrestrial masses.
03:51As these rocks accumulate and agglomerate, they form protoplanets and, finally, planets.
03:59What is even more fascinating is that water could be an important ingredient in the formation of this planet.
04:04This also means that water may not have arrived on Earth by chance, for example, via icy comets hitting our planet.
04:13Instead, it may have been present from the very beginning.
04:17Perhaps the planets of our neighborhood, like Mars and Venus, were also formed with water.
04:25Scientists also say that we should not assume that we are a particular case simply because we have water.
04:31There could be many planets in our entire Milky Way galaxy, as large as the Earth, which also contains water.
04:38This means that there could be many worlds in our galaxy, with continents and oceans.
04:44This could also mean that there is a large amount of life out there waiting to be discovered.
04:51But it is not because there is water somewhere that this place would be a good choice for interstellar summer holidays for future generations.
04:59Water on many planets is probably trapped in the rock or filled with underground oceans.
05:06Researchers have examined more than 40 exoplanets that we know.
05:10They are all smaller than Neptune and are located around what we call red dwarf stars.
05:16These represent 80% of all the stars we know in our galaxy.
05:21They are colder than our sun and are also the smallest type of burning hydrogen star.
05:28And there could be more planets with huge amounts of water than we thought.
05:33In addition, this water can represent up to half the total mass of these planets.
05:38Scientists know this because they have studied the density of these exoplanets.
05:43They have realized that they are too light to be entirely made up of rocks.
05:48I mentioned Venus before.
05:50Today it is a hot and rocky planet, a little smaller than Earth, with a dry atmosphere and only a few traces of water vapor.
05:58It is also very poor in oxygen.
06:01But at its beginning, the planet was perhaps a completely different world with liquid water and even clouds,
06:07which means that it is possible that there is life there.
06:11And if Venus had once looked like Earth, with oceans and moderate temperatures,
06:17it would be great if it had remained that way because these conditions seem conducive to the development of life.
06:23We would probably be writing letters to some of our space friends there or visiting them already.
06:30But the scenario took a different direction for Venus about 700 million years ago.
06:35The planet became so hot that it lost all its oxygen.
06:39This is why it could not form liquid water on its surface.
06:42Instead, it developed a thick atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide,
06:47which made this world even hotter than Mercury, even if it is twice as far from the Sun.
06:54Even the ice comets that would bombard it could not bring water to its surface.
06:59We cannot do it either artificially.
07:02It would be like trying to grow a delicate flower in a desert.
07:06No matter how much water you give it, if the conditions are too dry and rigorous, the flower will not survive.
07:13But some people thought that the water in the atmosphere of our neighbor could be enough for the development of life.
07:21In addition, scientists have discovered a compound called phosphine, which is often associated with living organisms on Earth.
07:29Maybe in the past it was enough.
07:32Today, the amount of water on Venus is so insignificant that even our most resistant microbes,
07:38extremely tolerant of dryness, could not survive there.
07:42Phosphine is still an interesting discovery that deserves to be studied.
07:47But it is not something that indicates that there could be life on Venus.
07:51Jupiter could be a more likely option for this.
07:55The Galileo probe crossed the atmosphere of this magnificent gas giant to measure the temperature and activity of the water.
08:02It discovered that there was enough water for life to exist in the clouds of the planet.
08:07But unfortunately, there is not enough nutrients there.
08:11In addition, there is too much ultraviolet radiation, so most organisms would not be able to survive there.
08:19And everyone knows Europe, one of Jupiter's moons.
08:22It is this very place in our solar system that has the best chance of sustaining life.
08:27Its icy crust probably hides an ocean below.
08:31And because of the gravity of Jupiter that affects Europe, the ocean is not frozen but remains liquid.
08:37The ocean could even be hot under this icy crust, perhaps thanks to hydrothermal chimneys.
08:44Encelade, one of Saturn's moons, may have even more chances of saving life than Europe.
08:50And it is one of the best candidates to have a beautiful hot and salty ocean under the surface.
08:55It has the most impressive ice geysers, which project about 1,000 tons of water into space every hour,
09:01accompanied by salt, organic molecules and other materials.