La dernière mission de la NASA pourrait totalement transformer notre façon d'explorer l'espace ! Ils travaillent sur un projet visant à tester un système de propulsion futuriste appelé propulsion nucléaire thermique, qui pourrait rendre les voyages spatiaux beaucoup plus rapides. Cette technologie utilise des réactions nucléaires pour chauffer le carburant et créer une poussée puissante, rendant les voyages vers des destinations comme Mars beaucoup plus rapides—peut-être réduisant le temps de voyage de moitié. Des trajets plus rapides signifient moins de temps dans des conditions spatiales difficiles pour les astronautes et plus d'opportunités pour l'exploration de l'espace lointain. Si cela fonctionne, cela pourrait ouvrir la porte à toutes sortes de missions passionnantes, comme la construction de bases sur d'autres planètes ou même l'exploration de lunes dans des systèmes éloignés. Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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FunTranscript
00:00For decades, space exploration has aroused the dreams of men.
00:04And since 2000, a human presence has been maintained in orbit.
00:09Recently, a new record was established.
00:12Just a few weeks ago, 17 people from 5 different nationalities were simultaneously in terrestrial orbit.
00:19The previous record dates back to September 2021, during the Inspiration 4 mission,
00:25financed by private funds, where the number of people in orbit reached 14.
00:30Let's see. Recently, 3 new people have joined the Chinese space station in Tiangong.
00:36On board are also 3 other astronauts, present since November 2022,
00:42who should return to Earth in June.
00:44In addition, 7 individuals are on board the International Space Station,
00:49while 4 crew members have left the ISS aboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon Freedom vehicle,
00:55successfully returning to Earth on May 30, 2023.
00:59This leaves 13 people in orbit.
01:02Interestingly, this record also includes the 600th person to reach terrestrial orbit.
01:07Rayana Barnawi, a member of the AXII mission,
01:11became the 600th space traveler and the first Saudi to travel in space.
01:16But we have something even more fascinating to reveal to you.
01:19Indeed, the record for the largest number of people in space,
01:23and not only in terrestrial orbit, was also broken recently.
01:27However, this record only lasted about 5 minutes.
01:31During this brief lapse in time, 20 people were out of the planet.
01:35This record was established when 6 members of the Virgin Galactic's USS Unity 25 crew
01:41were at the same time as 3 Chinese taikonauts living and working on board Tiangong,
01:46as well as 11 astronauts on board the ISS.
01:49This is starting to be incredibly crowded.
01:51Well, the International Space Station has always welcomed the majority of space travelers from Earth.
01:58However, I bet some fascinating facts about this technological feat still escape you.
02:04The ISS is one of the brightest objects in the night sky.
02:07The most impressive?
02:08You can register for a special service that will send you a notification
02:12every time the station passes just above your location
02:16and remains visible to the naked eye.
02:17Personally, I have seen it many times, and it is a truly impressive experience.
02:23Normally, you can see it between dusk and dawn,
02:26but be careful, because the station moves extremely fast.
02:30At a speed of 8 km per second, it loops a complete orbit around the Earth in just 90 minutes.
02:36The International Space Station is a real record in itself.
02:40It is the largest object man-made in space, with a length of 110 meters,
02:45which is the same size as a football field.
02:48Its weight reaches about 450 tons,
02:51and 8 spaceships can dock at the ISS simultaneously.
02:54The living and working space on board is larger than a 6-bedroom house.
02:59Astronauts have 6 bedrooms, 1 gym, 2 bathrooms,
03:04as well as an impressive panoramic view at 360 degrees from their large windows.
03:09Let's move on to more technical details.
03:11On the ISS, astronauts do not have to face bad odors.
03:15A specially trained person smells everything the astronauts carry with them to protect them from bad odors.
03:21The problem is that, in space, you can't just blow the room if the smell becomes unpleasant.
03:28This is why NASA is extremely careful about fragrances allowed on board.
03:32Finally, know that it is necessary to get rid of your clothes after each use,
03:38because each simple load of half a kilogram sent to the ISS costs up to $ 10,000.
03:43It is therefore more economical to throw away your dirty clothes than to waste water to wash them.
03:48While sleeping, you would benefit from an exceptional flow of air around you.
03:52Otherwise, the carbon dioxide you would exhale would form a bubble around your head,
03:57causing oxygen deprivation.
03:59And this is clearly not ideal.
04:01People often think that in space, gravity becomes zero,
04:05hence the weight that astronauts feel on board the International Space Station.
04:09But this is not entirely accurate.
04:11Gravity remains one of the most fundamental forces in the universe.
04:15Thanks to it, the Moon can orbit around the Earth,
04:18and the Sun does not drift from our galaxy, the Milky Way.
04:22But on the ISS, astronauts do not encounter gravity in its entirety, but microgravity.
04:28In other words, very low gravity.
04:30The Earth's gravity on board the station is only 10 to 12% lower than that on the surface of the planet.
04:36However, astronauts are constantly free-falling.
04:39The ship, the people on board and all objects continue to fall forward.
04:43Not down, but around our planet, following a specific orbit.
04:48And as they all fall together, the crew and the objects seem to float.
04:52However, our space exploration plans go well beyond the Earth's orbit on board the International Space Station.
04:59We are preparing to send missions to the Moon and establish colonies on Mars.
05:04Some experts estimate that over the next 25 years,
05:07about 20,000 people will be able to leave Earth.
05:10But how many people would it take to colonize an entire stellar system?
05:15In 2002, the anthropologist John Moore of the University of Florida
05:19announced that a spacecraft carrying 150 passengers
05:22could leave Earth and embark on a journey of several thousand years to another stellar system.
05:29At their arrival, the descendants of the initial crew could build colonies on a new world.
05:34It seems to be a project as ambitious as Titanic.
05:38But let's continue.
05:39The closest stellar system, Proxima Centauri, is 4.2 light-years from our planet.
05:46On a cosmic scale, it's the door next door.
05:49However, for us, it's such a gigantic distance
05:52that it would take to build a generational ship to get there.
05:56But the real question is to know how many people it would take to send
06:00to guarantee enough genetic diversity.
06:03A new study contradicts John Moore,
06:05stating that it would take more than 150 people.
06:08According to a scientist at the University of Portland,
06:11a ship traveling to such a distant world should carry at least 10,000 individuals.
06:16This number could ensure the success of the mission.
06:1940,000 people would be even better,
06:21because who knows what could happen to travelers on such a perilous and unprecedented journey.
06:26For now, NASA is not ready to send humans even to Mars,
06:30even less to a distant solar system.
06:33However, some private organizations are working on this project.
06:37They hope to make interstellar travel possible over the next century,
06:41by focusing on a significant increase in propulsion speed,
06:45which could reduce travel time between stars to only a few hundred years.
06:50Researchers have conducted several simulations to analyze the different scenarios
06:54that could occur during such an interstellar mission.
06:57They concluded that the success of this mission would greatly depend on the size of the starting population.
07:03Genetic diversity would maintain the health of travelers.
07:07The larger the population, the more diversified it is.
07:10And 150 people would clearly not be enough to maintain this genetic diversity.
07:15Even a population of 500 people would not be enough.
07:18On the other hand, if we send 40,000 people to another stellar system,
07:23we could maintain a 100% variation.
07:26Even 10,000 travelers would make the scenario relatively stable,
07:30which means that any number between 10,000 and 40,000 people would be a fairly safe bet.
07:36But of course, we could not send as many people with a single space ship.
07:41Several would have to be built and distributed.
07:44These ships could be modular, capable of docking together for trade and social contact,
07:49probably to maintain a certain genetic diversity.
07:53However, they would travel separately so that, if a disaster struck one of them,
07:58the others would get out unscathed.
08:00But to make interstellar travel possible,
08:02researchers and engineers will have to overcome many challenges.
08:05Increase propulsion speed, manage the negative effects of space life,
08:10and invent autonomous systems that provide air, water and food.
08:14Or we could simply decide to repair our own planet and stay at home.