La Nuit de la Rénovation - Vidéo Dailymotion

Pavillon de l'Arsenal

avant-hier

Lancement de la campagne HouseEurope!

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Art et design

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00:00:00Bonsoir. Bonsoir à toutes et à tous.

00:00:03Bienvenue à l'École d'architecture de Paris-Belleville.

00:00:08On est ravis de vous accueillir pour la nuit de la rénovation

00:00:12et pour un sujet qui nous tient particulièrement à coeur,

00:00:15la question de la réhabilitation,

00:00:17la question aussi de l'arrêt des démolitions intempestives

00:00:23et aussi de repositionner la question de l'architecture

00:00:26face aux défis du siècle,

00:00:27l'extraction des matériaux, le réemploi,

00:00:30la façon aussi dont on se soucie de l'héritage social

00:00:34de notre patrimoine bâti.

00:00:35Et donc c'est vraiment pour nous extrêmement important

00:00:39et peut-être aussi emblématique

00:00:41que ce lancement se fasse dans une école d'architecture,

00:00:44dans une école qui prône l'engagement

00:00:46et qui a aussi à coeur de suivre ce que nos étudiants

00:00:49nous demandent tous les jours,

00:00:51d'être en lien direct avec les prismes de l'époque.

00:00:54Donc on est ravis de vous accueillir

00:00:56de l'époque.

00:00:57Donc moi, je ne serai pas plus longue,

00:00:58je vais laisser la parole à Patrick Dejean,

00:01:00qui représente chez nous le corps enseignant,

00:01:03pour un petit message.

00:01:04Je vous remercie d'être là.

00:01:05Bonsoir. Bienvenue encore dans notre école.

00:01:08Merci au pavillon de l'Arsenal de cette occasion de se réunir.

00:01:13Je suis Patrick Dejean, je suis architecte,

00:01:15je suis praticien, je suis enseignant

00:01:18et je suis président de la CVE et du CPS

00:01:21de l'Ecole nationale d'architecture de Paris-Belleville.

00:01:24En ce nom-là, on vous souhaite la bienvenue.

00:01:27Que ce soit à l'échelle de notre exercice,

00:01:29que ce soit à l'échelle de l'enseignement, de l'école,

00:01:32dans sa dimension la plus exigeante,

00:01:35notre force, c'est notre culture,

00:01:37ainsi que notre capacité pratique et théorique.

00:01:42C'est cette exigence, cette ambition

00:01:44que nous convoquons dans et hors l'école.

00:01:49Aujourd'hui, la question de la réhabilitation,

00:01:51celle de l'écologie apparaît comme nouvelle

00:01:54alors qu'elle ne l'est pas en tant que telle

00:01:57dans la discipline que nous connaissons.

00:01:59Ces 2 composantes sont évidemment fondamentalement liées

00:02:04à cet exercice, à cette pensée.

00:02:06Cependant, la valeur de l'intervention dans l'existant

00:02:11a perdu en reconnaissance au fil du XXe siècle.

00:02:15Les questions portées par l'architecte

00:02:16se sont le plus souvent adressées à la construction d'oeuvres

00:02:20et parallèlement, sans qu'il n'en soit fait par ailleurs le lien,

00:02:25est apparu une espèce de délitement

00:02:27de ces responsabilités.

00:02:29Aujourd'hui, les évolutions politiques, sociétales,

00:02:33environnementales reconvoquent,

00:02:36et avec brio, ce mode de conception.

00:02:40Ici, à Paris-Belleville, nous sommes engagés sur ce sujet

00:02:43avec comme volonté première

00:02:46de rendre compte de la place fondamentale

00:02:49de l'architecte dans cette réflexion.

00:02:53Il est un des seuls en mesure de concevoir avec distance,

00:02:56comprendre tout autant d'un point de vue théorique que pratique.

00:03:00Cette spécificité du projet est convoquée ainsi

00:03:03les outils qui sont nécessaires à son développement.

00:03:07Enfin, ce mode de conception,

00:03:10tout autant dans son étude que lors de sa réalisation,

00:03:13est tellement complexe,

00:03:16tellement lourd en réflexion

00:03:17qu'il est une belle occasion pour l'architecte

00:03:20de reprendre les règles, les rênes, pardon,

00:03:23de la conception architecturale

00:03:25tellement malmenées par la commande aujourd'hui.

00:03:28Et jeter là même les questions de recherche

00:03:31qui, aujourd'hui, sont questionnées

00:03:34économiquement, techniquement, théoriquement,

00:03:37politiquement, socialement, humainement.

00:03:40Nous visons ici à former des architectes

00:03:43qualifiés en ce sens.

00:03:45Enfin, il ne s'agit pas là

00:03:47de seulement interroger la seule question de la conception

00:03:51dans et avec l'existant,

00:03:53mais tout autant la place et le rôle critique de l'architecte

00:03:57dans sa participation au monde contemporain.

00:04:00C'est ainsi et avec enthousiasme

00:04:02que nous vous recevons aujourd'hui. Merci.

00:04:08Bonsoir. Merci beaucoup, chère Christine,

00:04:11cher Patrick, de nous accueillir

00:04:13à l'école de Paris-Belleville.

00:04:15Nous sommes Estelle et Marion du pavillon de l'Arsenal.

00:04:18C'est un moment très important pour nous à plusieurs titres.

00:04:22D'abord, parce que c'est le lancement officiel

00:04:25ici, en France, de cette campagne House Europe,

00:04:28dont on va vous parler.

00:04:30Et puis aussi, pour nous, le pavillon de l'Arsenal,

00:04:32parce que c'est notre premier événement hors les murs.

00:04:35Alors, vous le savez peut-être,

00:04:37le pavillon de l'Arsenal est en travaux

00:04:38pour, évidemment, des travaux de rénovation

00:04:41et non de démolition.

00:04:42Et, en fait, durant 2 ans et demi,

00:04:45le pavillon de l'Arsenal va voyager

00:04:47dans différents lieux au sein du Grand Paris.

00:04:51Donc, nos expositions, nos événements

00:04:53vont être dans d'autres musées,

00:04:56dans des parkings, des bâtiments.

00:04:58Et puis, donc, ce soir, c'est notre premier événement hors les murs.

00:05:00Et le fait de le faire ici, à Belleville,

00:05:03dans une école d'architecture engagée,

00:05:06avec une directrice extrêmement engagée de longue date

00:05:10sur les sujets de rénovation,

00:05:12cela nous tenait énormément à cœur.

00:05:14Donc, merci encore de nous accueillir.

00:05:17Et donc, pour cette soirée, pour ce lancement,

00:05:19on a choisi de réunir des personnes

00:05:22qui sont engagées depuis longtemps sur ce sujet,

00:05:25des architectes, des praticiens, des urbanistes

00:05:28pour qui la rénovation s'est traduite en projet

00:05:32et qui vont nous raconter pourquoi c'est important pour eux.

00:05:38Et puis, il y a aussi beaucoup de pionniers, je sais, dans la salle,

00:05:41qui ne prendront pas forcément la parole,

00:05:43mais qui portent ça depuis longtemps.

00:05:45Je pense, par exemple, à Béla Stock,

00:05:47dont l'aventure est née ici aussi, à Belleville.

00:05:50Et donc, je veux saluer toutes les personnes

00:05:53qui portent ce sujet depuis longtemps.

00:05:55Et nous, au pavillon de l'Arsenal, on va continuer de le porter.

00:05:59Estelle, je te laisse peut-être expliquer

00:06:01comment on en est arrivés à cette campagne.

00:06:05Comment on se retrouve dans l'amphithéâtre

00:06:07de l'ENSA Paris-Belleville à parler d'Europe ?

00:06:09Déjà, parce que la coopération européenne,

00:06:12y compris à l'échelle architecturale et urbaine,

00:06:15c'est une priorité.

00:06:16Et en tout cas, ça nous tient énormément à coeur.

00:06:19Et on a eu la chance, il y a à peu près un an,

00:06:21d'être contactés par l'équipe de House Europe,

00:06:24qui sont un groupe de personnes

00:06:26venant notamment d'Allemagne et de Suisse,

00:06:29qui voulaient porter cette initiative européenne

00:06:31pour arriver à aller jusqu'à un projet de loi.

00:06:34C'est vraiment le but de cette initiative.

00:06:36C'est une ICE, Initiatives Citoyennes Européennes,

00:06:39donc c'est vraiment un dispositif qui permet de manière citoyenne

00:06:42d'arriver à amener des sujets jusqu'au Parlement européen.

00:06:45Donc c'est un outil extrêmement fort,

00:06:47mais c'est un outil qui aussi demande beaucoup d'énergie

00:06:49et qui est très exigeant.

00:06:51On va vous expliquer ça un peu mieux après.

00:06:53Ça va vous demander toute la force collective possible.

00:06:55En effet, le but est de recueillir un million de signatures

00:06:59à l'échelle de toute l'Europe, de tous les Etats membres,

00:07:01pour pouvoir passer devant le Parlement européen

00:07:03et faire ensuite que ce soit une loi européenne

00:07:05déclinée dans chaque pays de l'Union européenne.

00:07:08Donc c'est vraiment un enjeu très fort.

00:07:11Il y a eu des initiatives similaires

00:07:13autour du droit à l'avortement ou la protection de l'environnement,

00:07:15et ça a fonctionné.

00:07:17Ces initiatives, notamment celles sur le droit à l'avortement,

00:07:19ont réussi à atteindre les 1 million de signatures.

00:07:22Donc c'est vraiment possible d'y arriver.

00:07:24Il suffit d'être ensemble et de signer, tout simplement.

00:07:29Donc on a la chance d'avoir ce soir Olaf Gravert,

00:07:32qui va nous expliquer un peu mieux tout le projet House Europe

00:07:36et qui est un des membres fondateurs du mouvement.

00:07:40Et sans plus attendre,

00:07:42je pense qu'on peut passer la parole à Olaf.

00:07:43Alors juste pour vous préciser un peu le format,

00:07:45qui est un peu spécial ce soir,

00:07:47nos intervenantes et intervenants ont chacun 5 minutes,

00:07:49normalement relativement bien timées.

00:07:51On leur remercie de s'être prêtés à l'exercice.

00:07:54Vous verrez aussi devant vous que vous avez des petits cartons

00:07:58qui sont... Voilà, exactement.

00:08:00Vous pouvez en prendre connaissance, les prendre en main.

00:08:02On va vous demander ensuite un petit moment participatif.

00:08:04Il faudra les brandir à la fin de la soirée

00:08:06pour qu'on arrive à voir une magnifique photo collective.

00:08:09Ca nous permettra d'avoir un matériel de communication puissant

00:08:11pour ensuite le relayer sur les réseaux sociaux,

00:08:14parce que l'enjeu de communication

00:08:15sur une initiative citoyenne européenne est extrêmement important.

00:08:18Donc voilà, vous aurez un peu de mise à contribution.

00:08:20Mais sans plus tarder, on passe aux présentations.

00:08:23A toi, Olaf. It's your turn.

00:08:25Merci. Merci beaucoup.

00:08:26Applaudissements

00:08:29...

00:08:31Hello.

00:08:32I think I will be the only one speaking in English, no?

00:08:35Yes, OK.

00:08:36But I tried my best to actually do French slides.

00:08:41So, tonight is really special.

00:08:43I'm actually more nervous than I've ever been before.

00:08:47Not because I will present something

00:08:48that I have not spoken about,

00:08:50but because this is the first event

00:08:52in the first main country

00:08:54where we have to collect the signatures.

00:08:56No, you said it, we need to collect one million signatures.

00:08:59And France has been, from the very beginning on,

00:09:01one of the main supporters.

00:09:03You have been fantastic supporters,

00:09:04but not only Pavion Arsenal, thank you, Marion Estelle,

00:09:07but also the French architectural scene

00:09:09has been a huge support,

00:09:11and we got so much positive feedback.

00:09:13And it is a huge topic, not only in France,

00:09:15but all over Europe.

00:09:16So, I hope that I can explain

00:09:18what House Europe actually is and what we want,

00:09:21and get all of you as supporters.

00:09:22Because in the end, we need one million signatures.

00:09:25So, basically, we need one million people

00:09:27who become ambassadors for this project.

00:09:30No, not only the architects,

00:09:31and it's not only about speaking about it,

00:09:33but it's actually taking action and signing for it.

00:09:38So, what do we want? You actually all have the card here.

00:09:40It's very simple.

00:09:41Our initiative is against the demolition

00:09:43of existing buildings,

00:09:45and advocates for the renovation.

00:09:47What we want to do is actually make people realize

00:09:51that it's about the social ecological transformation

00:09:54of the building stock.

00:09:55Because right now, a lot of people make a difference.

00:09:58This is a public narrative

00:09:59that it is either social or ecological.

00:10:02But that's actually the problem,

00:10:04because it never is an either-or.

00:10:06It is both social and ecological.

00:10:09And this is why we have to make people realize

00:10:12that the building sector is actually

00:10:13the biggest emitter of CO2.

00:10:1638% of CO2 comes from the building sector,

00:10:19which makes it not only the biggest emitter,

00:10:21but it makes it also the biggest lever.

00:10:24So, if we change something here,

00:10:25we can really have an impact

00:10:27for the ecological and the social goals.

00:10:30And there are many speakers tonight

00:10:31who will also speak about the economic dimension

00:10:34of this renovation project in Europe.

00:10:37So, what we want to make people realize

00:10:40is actually that the demolition of buildings

00:10:42is as outdated.

00:10:43It's kind of like an outdated practice

00:10:46as food waste, fast fashion,

00:10:48animal testing, single-use plastic.

00:10:50So, there are a lot of things

00:10:51that we actually already agree, hopefully,

00:10:54and also politically,

00:10:55we already have laws in place

00:10:58that forbid things like this on a European level.

00:11:01And now it's also the moment

00:11:02where we have to make people realize

00:11:04that also the demolition of buildings

00:11:06is a huge problem for the environment,

00:11:09but also for communities and society.

00:11:13So, this is why we say we have to stop the demolition

00:11:15and give power to renovation as a European project.

00:11:20So, this is what we advocate for.

00:11:22House Europe is an initiative.

00:11:23It's a non-profit.

00:11:25And what we want to do is we want to introduce new laws

00:11:28on a European level.

00:11:31This is actually fantastic

00:11:32because what we aim for is to make the renovation

00:11:34and transformation of buildings the new norm.

00:11:37So, whenever people think of building,

00:11:39they should first think of, is there an existing building?

00:11:42They should never demolish

00:11:43and they should always transform what is already there,

00:11:46which today is not the norm.

00:11:48No, because the system and the market

00:11:50basically make it easier to demolish and build new.

00:11:53And the question is, how can we change this?

00:11:57So, we demand basically three laws.

00:11:59It's three legal proposals that we have.

00:12:02The first one is something that actually France already has.

00:12:06France already has a higher renovation rate

00:12:08than other European countries.

00:12:10And the first legal proposal is to reduce the VAT,

00:12:14the taxes on renovation work and reuse material.

00:12:18Because, of course, if it gets cheaper for everybody,

00:12:22people will first renovate instead of demolish and build new.

00:12:26The second one is then already more complex.

00:12:29When we look at existing buildings, we always see the risks.

00:12:32So, when we look at the old, we always see the negative,

00:12:35but we never see the potentials of existing buildings.

00:12:39So, the second legal proposal says we have to find new criteria.

00:12:43If there is an existing building,

00:12:44we should first look at what can it do for us

00:12:47instead of what is the problem.

00:12:49And this is really important to understand

00:12:50because right now, the financial system always looks for the problem.

00:12:55And this is why the old cannot compete with the new,

00:12:58because the old seems bad and the new seems good.

00:13:01And this really needs to change in terms of the criteria.

00:13:04And the third one is then the most architectural one

00:13:07and the very nerdy one is basically,

00:13:09we need to find new evaluation criteria

00:13:12and value for the embedded energy.

00:13:14It's what architects call the grey energy.

00:13:16All the energy and CO2 that is embedded in the buildings,

00:13:20this needs to get a value, a price.

00:13:22So, whenever you demolish a building,

00:13:24you basically lose money because you are producing more CO2.

00:13:30So, as it was said before, we have to find one million signatures.

00:13:34And this is really a European project,

00:13:36but this is also something we have to realise also in a moment

00:13:39where maybe people are in doubt of our political system right now,

00:13:45that this is also a moment of direct democracy.

00:13:48It's really bringing power to the people

00:13:50because we can realise that even if maybe problematic things happen

00:13:55on a national level politically,

00:13:57there is a European Union that can actually help us.

00:14:00So, if we are successful in collecting these one million signatures,

00:14:03we can, on a European level, come to an agreement

00:14:06that will arrive in all of our countries, no matter where we live.

00:14:09So, if we help together, in the end,

00:14:11we will all benefit from these new laws.

00:14:14And this is actually something that the European Union can do

00:14:17through this European Citizens Initiative that they introduced

00:14:21and actually make the renovation of buildings a better option.

00:14:25So, I kindly ask you all to support it.

00:14:28I mean, this is not really a moment where we have to realise

00:14:31it's not only about speaking any longer.

00:14:33It's also not enough to only give a like on social media.

00:14:36It's really about signing the initiative.

00:14:39So, there's a QR code basically on every slide.

00:14:43We took this photo at our event in Berlin.

00:14:46No, I mean, this is also what we want to do tonight, basically.

00:14:50Anne was also speaking there as one of our ambassadors.

00:14:53I think it was a great moment where 600 people actually...

00:14:56where you felt that there's this energy

00:14:59that people want to change something and that this change can happen.

00:15:03So, the voting starts next week. It's very exciting.

00:15:061st of February, we have one year time to collect this one million signatures.

00:15:11And the best thing you can do is that each of you convinces next week

00:15:17five friends or family members that this needs to be signed.

00:15:21So, if we all always take the goal...

00:15:24Or you convince 100 people, that's even better.

00:15:26Or 365. Every day, one human, no?

00:15:30Then we will actually easily achieve our goal of one million signatures.

00:15:36At least I put in the end as a non-French person

00:15:38because I thought it's so nice, no?

00:15:41Thank you very much.

00:15:50Thank you. Thank you, dear Olaf.

00:15:54Now, I'm going to invite on stage one of the pioneers

00:15:57of the renovation of this word within the architecture field,

00:16:01Philippe Madek.

00:16:03Thank you for being with us tonight.

00:16:06You've been dealing with this subject for a long time,

00:16:08especially with the movement of the happy frugality.

00:16:12Thank you very much for being here.

00:16:13And I'll let you tell us why you believe in renovation.

00:16:17Thank you very much for the invitation to be with you tonight.

00:16:23I'm not the only pioneer.

00:16:25Far from it, we all agree.

00:16:27It's all a shared work.

00:16:29Thank you very much, Marion. Thank you, Christine.

00:16:32Always happy to find you in other situations than the previous one.

00:16:37Thank you for inviting me as an architect

00:16:39and co-president of the happy frugality movement.

00:16:43I co-preside with Marion Perreblois,

00:16:46an urbanist and ecologist.

00:16:48Maybe Marion is in the room.

00:16:50She said she'd come. She's over there.

00:16:54Thank you for allowing us to express our strong support

00:16:57for this European initiative.

00:17:00How is Europe?

00:17:05The demand for builders is essential, as we all know.

00:17:10It transcends cultures and eras.

00:17:13It concerns individuals and communities.

00:17:15It's about well-being, happiness, well-being.

00:17:20With the global deregulation that puts the world's habitability in crisis,

00:17:25this demand is of crucial importance today.

00:17:28Builders can no longer achieve this by using as many resources as in the 20th century.

00:17:33In 1997, the Club of Rome

00:17:35stated in the French edition,

00:17:38which is not the same as the American edition,

00:17:41that factor 4 means twice as much well-being

00:17:44by consuming twice as many resources.

00:17:46There is no other future program.

00:17:49To do better with less, yes.

00:17:51We know how to do better with less.

00:17:53We know how to do it collectively and for a long time.

00:17:57I'm sure that tonight's presentations will show it.

00:18:00I don't doubt it at all.

00:18:02Just seven years ago,

00:18:06the Eurosé Créative movement was created.

00:18:09We don't want to wait for permission to do other things.

00:18:12We want to act together.

00:18:18We want to transform the act of building

00:18:21and we question the act of building.

00:18:25We ask ourselves this question every time,

00:18:28to build or not to build?

00:18:29Above all, don't confront building and building.

00:18:32Above all, don't confront architecture and construction.

00:18:36With 17,000 members,

00:18:39the movement works in the most remote areas

00:18:42with about 40 local and national groups.

00:18:45The movement promises justice,

00:18:47the use of the right technique, the right tech,

00:18:49in an indissociable relationship with resources,

00:18:52technology, energy and territory.

00:18:55In the world of building, what is the first resource?

00:18:57The already-there building.

00:19:00What is the second resource?

00:19:01What comes from the already-there buildings,

00:19:03which come out of selective deconstructions.

00:19:06And also, of course,

00:19:08renewable materials, reusable,

00:19:11bio-sourced and geo-sourced.

00:19:12Each year, only 1% of the new building

00:19:17is added to the existing one.

00:19:20In this 1%, the eco-responsible part is nestled.

00:19:27The dose of eco-responsible buildings

00:19:29and eco-districts.

00:19:31This part is small.

00:19:32The work of the 21st century

00:19:34is to attach itself to the 99% already-there.

00:19:38This agglomeration makes energy-efficient buildings,

00:19:41with passages and thermal boilers,

00:19:43sometimes unsanitary and poorly arranged on the territory.

00:19:48And they are not ready to face climate change.

00:19:53All this is a matter of planning.

00:19:56We don't plan anymore.

00:19:59We plan.

00:20:00We plan the beings.

00:20:01We plan the places and environments,

00:20:03the living and the non-human.

00:20:05We carefully plan what is already there.

00:20:09Adjust the carburetor,

00:20:11change the exhaust filter and give a new one

00:20:14to the body of the machine or the modern building,

00:20:16will not adapt the world to the challenges to come.

00:20:20Technology alone will not cure us

00:20:22of the modernist excesses of technology.

00:20:24The general framework of future coherences

00:20:26is also part of the necessary invention

00:20:28of a new way of knowing how to live the world.

00:20:31Rehabilitation is understood as a return to esteem,

00:20:35as a reconciliation under this cultural and social day.

00:20:38The functionalist approach fails here,

00:20:41especially in our field,

00:20:42where the hegemony of economic and technical functions

00:20:44have long contributed to the defeat of public space.

00:20:49The world to be rehabilitated and inhabited.

00:20:53How can its metamorphosis be envisaged

00:20:55without those who live there?

00:20:58Will we be able to reduce the impact of the human establishment

00:21:01by associating the civil society, the million signatories?

00:21:04Let's commit all the power of architecture

00:21:07to the common human world.

00:21:09Architecture regains vitality

00:21:11and allows its absolute reconsideration

00:21:13and to confront the issues finally addressed in the future.

00:21:18All this is part of a historical moment

00:21:22when architects remember that their work

00:21:24involves politics, the life of the city,

00:21:28and is now tied to the survival of human establishments.

00:21:32Here are two happy examples.

00:21:35A Jean Carré high school is transformed.

00:21:40In 1976, its brutalist architecture

00:21:42was built with industrialized reinforced concrete.

00:21:49Today, it hosts the James Baldwin Mediatheque

00:21:52and the Paris House of Refugees.

00:21:54Its structure is cleaned, its radicality is rediscovered.

00:21:59By a bio-climatic design, it is dug

00:22:01so that light, heat and air pass through.

00:22:03In a world of finite contours,

00:22:05the work of architecture comes out of exhaustion.

00:22:09To use a word from the medieval era,

00:22:11we have to enlarge portions of the world that are already occupied.

00:22:15It is a gap that opens up lighthouses,

00:22:18which liberate the arrival of everyday life.

00:22:22The building becomes the quarry of its own future.

00:22:25The slabs inside become the coating of the exterior floor.

00:22:29The concrete is there.

00:22:30The wood and the soil flow and take over.

00:22:33The uses follow spatial arrangements

00:22:35that some of you will recognize.

00:22:37They are references to Louis Kahn.

00:22:42From 2008 to 2019,

00:22:46we built the eco-district of Noé in Val-de-Reuil.

00:22:49A park for guests,

00:22:51a bright social housing without heating or heating at all,

00:22:55a collective wood heating, a family garden,

00:22:57an asynobus to take the children to school,

00:22:59a collective well,

00:23:01a very efficient phonic insulation.

00:23:03The quality of life in this district

00:23:07is devalued in all the surrounding districts,

00:23:10especially on the other side of the street,

00:23:11where there is a phoenix-shaped house.

00:23:14Here are the phoenix-shaped houses.

00:23:17In this house, at the Simon-Marché house,

00:23:19fine steel structures and concrete panels

00:23:213 cm in the center, 5 cm on the edges,

00:23:24an isolation from the 1980s.

00:23:26Cars on the sidewalks fought with mailboxes,

00:23:30UDF boxes and trash cans.

00:23:33We have brought the quality of life of the eco-district

00:23:36in housing, gardens and public space.

00:23:39The assessment of the district costs.

00:23:4211 years for 98 housing units,

00:23:44170,000 euros per unit.

00:23:465 years for 88 housing units,

00:23:4945,000 euros per unit.

00:23:52Conclusion.

00:23:53Rehabilitation costs less, is faster, pollutes less,

00:23:56requires less resources.

00:23:58ADEME has already demonstrated this

00:23:59in a comparative study in December 2019.

00:24:03Let's add that rehabilitation

00:24:05allows to restore social ties

00:24:07instead of segregating and gentrifying,

00:24:09as in all cases of demolition and reconstruction in Val-de-Reuil,

00:24:13in a return to a reciprocal esteem,

00:24:15as you can see at the bottom right.

00:24:17The inhabitants of Amau, Landel and the eco-district of Inoué

00:24:21have created an association to live together.

00:24:23Since then, in a positive contamination,

00:24:25other neighboring districts have started their metamorphosis.

00:24:31Thank you.

00:24:34Thank you.

00:24:41Thank you very much.

00:24:42Now, I have the honour of welcoming another great pioneer

00:24:48who has also won the Pritzker Prize

00:24:51for bringing the subject of renovation

00:24:54to French architecture.

00:24:56Thank you, dear Anne Lacaton, for being with us tonight.

00:24:59We are very pleased.

00:25:00And I give you the floor.

00:25:02The Citizens' Initiative, House Europe,

00:25:04which was presented earlier and in which we are participating tonight,

00:25:09strives for renovation,

00:25:11but above all, it aims to fight against demolition

00:25:16and to obtain concrete decisions from the European Union

00:25:20to avoid massive demolition

00:25:23that has been taking place in Europe for years.

00:25:26I would like to focus on the subject of demolition

00:25:29because it is the heart of the subject of housing

00:25:32and it is the heart of the critical situation of housing.

00:25:37For me, it is a prerequisite for a resolute and ambitious strategy

00:25:41of renovation.

00:25:43It is to stop demolition.

00:25:45It is to stop demolition.

00:25:48The film Démolition Drama,

00:25:51which was directed by House Europe,

00:25:52and I think you can see it on the site,

00:25:55on the House Europe website.

00:25:58Maybe you've seen it, but you absolutely have to see it

00:26:01because this film is extremely precise and enlightening

00:26:06on the mechanisms, especially financial and profit mechanisms,

00:26:10that support demolition and really make you understand

00:26:13why it is so difficult to counter demolition.

00:26:18In the extracts of this film,

00:26:21every minute, a building is demolished in Europe.

00:26:25Every year, thousands of homes

00:26:29and millions of square meters of existing space

00:26:32are put up for demolition.

00:26:36In 2050, we will have destroyed approximately

00:26:401.5 billion square meters of existing space,

00:26:45that is to say more than the cities of Athens, Berlin,

00:26:49Bucharest and Paris combined.

00:26:531.5 billion square meters

00:26:56is also what would allow

00:27:00to find housing for about 50 million people.

00:27:04These figures are edifying and shocking.

00:27:09They should react immediately.

00:27:12They should lead to decisions on the field.

00:27:16The money spent on these demolitions

00:27:18would make it possible to be much more ambitious

00:27:21for renovation and do much more and much better

00:27:25than the technical minimum, which is done in a general way.

00:27:30Speaking of France, for 20 years,

00:27:33270,000 HLM homes have been demolished.

00:27:39This is to say that the principle of demolition

00:27:43began a long time ago, even before the 2000s.

00:27:46But in 2004, with the creation of the ANRU,

00:27:49which set up the operational machine

00:27:53to carry out demolition and reconstruction,

00:27:56with a program still in progress,

00:27:58in the ANRU program, for 20 years,

00:28:00170,000 homes have been demolished,

00:28:03including 270,000,

00:28:05for a cost of 3.4 billion euros.

00:28:11This shows the extent of the problem

00:28:15and how much we should be

00:28:18challenged and shocked by this issue.

00:28:23In 2004, when the ANRU was created

00:28:26and announced its renovation program,

00:28:28based on the demolition of 200,000 homes

00:28:32and then a reconstruction,

00:28:35for enormous announced costs.

00:28:37At the time, we were talking about 165,000 euros per home.

00:28:41Today, we may be at 200,000, 20 years later.

00:28:46At that time, with Jean-Philippe Vassal and Frédéric Druau,

00:28:51we had studied this ANRU program in detail

00:28:54and its deployment,

00:28:56with the conviction that demolition was a big mistake.

00:29:00As architects, this motivated us,

00:29:03shocked us to the point of wanting to know better

00:29:05and to try to find alternatives.

00:29:09Our goal was to show

00:29:11that the alternative to transformation was possible

00:29:15and, in all its aspects, much more positive than demolition.

00:29:19More economical, more sustainable,

00:29:21more acceptable and more respectful for the inhabitants,

00:29:24and that it also allowed to transform qualitatively

00:29:27and sustainably the housing buildings.

00:29:32We studied several cases

00:29:35included in the ANRU program,

00:29:37several case studies.

00:29:38For each case, we studied very precisely

00:29:41and we saw that in each case,

00:29:42there were solutions for transformation.

00:29:45So it was not a question of poor condition of the building.

00:29:47It was an argument that did not hold.

00:29:50For each case, there were solutions

00:29:52for ambitious transformation that we developed,

00:29:55enumerated and studied precisely

00:29:57so as not to remain in the blur.

00:29:59And so we found that,

00:30:02at the end of these studies, with an average of 55,000 euros

00:30:06per house, compared to 150,000 or 160,000,

00:30:10we could make sustainable renovations,

00:30:12transformations with the inhabitants.

00:30:16And in this study,

00:30:19to try to be as solid

00:30:24as the violence of demolition,

00:30:26we had put this preamble,

00:30:28never demolish, never cut,

00:30:30cut or replace, always add,

00:30:33transform, use.

00:30:36We did not find an answer to this work,

00:30:39and especially on the advanced proposals,

00:30:41whether with the ANRU, the Ministry of Culture,

00:30:44the housing one.

00:30:46Nevertheless, we met some social barriers

00:30:50that were unfavorable to demolition,

00:30:52and with which we were able to carry out

00:30:54some building transformation projects

00:30:57whose demolition was envisaged

00:30:58and which, in the end, was not carried out,

00:31:01and which showed these works,

00:31:03showed these projects, showed the interest,

00:31:05the validity and, above all, the economic and technical feasibility

00:31:08of the transformation.

00:31:11I can cite them because there are not so many.

00:31:13Aquitaine-Nice, Bordeaux,

00:31:15the city of Paris, with Paris Habitat,

00:31:18with whom we transformed La Tourboix-le-Praître,

00:31:22the social barrier Cylène in Saint-Nazaire

00:31:24and, more recently, a social barrier in Brussels.

00:31:27In 20 years, that's all.

00:31:29So, very quickly,

00:31:31an example of transformation in Bordeaux,

00:31:34with the social barrier in Aquitaine-Nice,

00:31:37530 housing sites occupied.

00:31:40The city of Bordeaux wanted to demolish its buildings.

00:31:42The social barrier was against it

00:31:44and it eventually convinced the city hall.

00:31:46So, it's a work of transformation

00:31:48that was done, starting with housing,

00:31:51without any moving of the inhabitants,

00:31:54for a final cost of work of 52,000 euros tax,

00:31:58no increase in rent leavers,

00:32:01100% of existing, conserved,

00:32:03and, on average, 50 square meters of use area

00:32:06given in addition by housing.

00:32:11So, for more than 20 years,

00:32:13thousands of demolitions took place,

00:32:15without reaction, without opposition, or almost,

00:32:19except for the inhabitants,

00:32:21who, in general, mobilized very strongly

00:32:24and became experts

00:32:26against the destruction of their homes,

00:32:28but, to say the least, in vain.

00:32:31Demolitions continue today.

00:32:33If you go to the ANRU website,

00:32:35you can see this information perfectly.

00:32:38By 2006,

00:32:40110,000 homes are still planned to be demolished.

00:32:43Here are some examples that everyone knows.

00:32:46Le Mirail, in Toulouse, 860.

00:32:48Pessac, Bordeaux, 480.

00:32:50The Almaguer, we're talking about 480 homes.

00:32:53La Butte Rouge, I don't know exactly,

00:32:56but we're talking about 80%, etc., etc.

00:33:01So, today, these demolitions continue,

00:33:06with, it must be said, a kind of awareness

00:33:09and a reaction that's starting to take shape,

00:33:11but with very little effect.

00:33:14As far as I know, I haven't heard of any demolition projects

00:33:18that have been stopped.

00:33:19Maybe there are some, and that would be good.

00:33:22But that means it's as if it were a machine wrapped up,

00:33:27as if the actors and dealers didn't want to hear it.

00:33:31So, it would take much more than a reaction of principle.

00:33:34It would take much more than just talking about it.

00:33:38So, what do we do?

00:33:40And us, architects, what do we do

00:33:42to make things go faster?

00:33:44I see that the signatures are due in a year.

00:33:48One year is still too long.

00:33:50So, I'm still working on this subject.

00:33:55So, what do we do?

00:33:57Thank you.

00:34:05Now, we're going to call on stage,

00:34:08and not over there, Philippe Simé,

00:34:11lecturer, teacher, author, philosopher,

00:34:14whose point of view is perhaps a bit more philosophical

00:34:16on the issue of renovation.

00:34:19If I'm not mistaken, your latest work

00:34:21deals with new architectural and urban practices

00:34:24in the fields of circular economy

00:34:26and social and solidarity economy.

00:34:28So, the floor is yours to convince us about renovation.

00:34:31Architecture, so to speak, is an expression of culture.

00:34:35But what culture is it exactly?

00:34:38After years of teaching, of practice in agencies,

00:34:42of travel, too,

00:34:44to discover other ways of inhabiting the world,

00:34:47I've come to realize that one of the characteristics

00:34:50of our architectural culture is violence.

00:34:53Violence, of course,

00:34:55is that which consists in destroying buildings,

00:34:59buildings that have been built for a long time

00:35:01and that could still be used for a long time.

00:35:04To destroy them, not because they threaten the lives of the inhabitants,

00:35:08but simply because they represent

00:35:10out-of-date goods.

00:35:12Our professions are painfully subjected

00:35:15to this violence of a construction market

00:35:17turned towards short-term profit.

00:35:21What a contempt for the architects

00:35:23who put so much effort and so much intelligence

00:35:26into designing these buildings.

00:35:28What a contempt, above all, for those who built these buildings

00:35:32with their own hands, who damaged their bodies

00:35:35so that we could live peacefully.

00:35:38How can we accept this?

00:35:41The violence I speak of is, of course, ecological and social

00:35:45in the extractivism and the material basis

00:35:47of our architecture.

00:35:49This one, either by blindness or by complacency,

00:35:54participates in the massive extraction of raw materials

00:35:57and the degradation of ecosystems,

00:35:59in the destruction of forests and in the loss of biodiversity,

00:36:03in the emissions of CO2 and in global warming.

00:36:06And even more, it also participates

00:36:10in the most brutal human exploitation,

00:36:13often far from home,

00:36:15in the displacement of indigenous communities,

00:36:17reinforcing spatial and environmental injustices.

00:36:22Accepting that we destroy a viable building

00:36:25is reinforcing this extractivist and productivist system

00:36:29that makes architecture a commodity like any other

00:36:33and that draws a deleterious path

00:36:36for all living beings,

00:36:38whether they are human or non-human.

00:36:42As long as we do not break with an architecture of production

00:36:46based on the construction in new,

00:36:48that is, on the systematic destruction of the existing,

00:36:51the abusive consumption of raw materials

00:36:54and the production of waste,

00:36:56as long as we do not question

00:36:58what should be today an architecture of subsistence,

00:37:02allowing to live with dignity the fruit of its work,

00:37:06while preserving the conditions of habitability of the Earth,

00:37:11we will all continue together to make the building

00:37:15a strategic site for the accumulation of capital.

00:37:19Renovation is not only that of buildings,

00:37:23it is first and foremost that of our discipline.

00:37:26We know that change will come through our ability to say no,

00:37:30to oppose us to useless destruction,

00:37:33to deadly economies, to toxic architectural practices,

00:37:38including in educational spaces.

00:37:41But change also goes through the battle of ideas.

00:37:44Let's be honest, we should not be here tonight,

00:37:48gathered to plead for the cause of renovation.

00:37:51It should be an evidence shared by everyone.

00:37:55Why do we find ourselves in this minority situation?

00:37:59Do you know that for a long time,

00:38:01the responsibility of car accidents

00:38:03related to speed exceeds

00:38:04was imputable to the builder and not to the driver?

00:38:09What happened so that we come to believe

00:38:12that the only responsible are the motorists?

00:38:15It took a long work of SAP to move the focus,

00:38:20to make us accept the idea that the real problem

00:38:23was not the power of the engine, but human error.

00:38:28As for alcohol, as for weapons.

00:38:31And for architecture, what do we generally hear?

00:38:34Stuff like,

00:38:36renovate, preserve, it costs more than building anew.

00:38:42Preserve, renovate, it takes more time.

00:38:46It can not be generalized.

00:38:49Finally, it is an option among others.

00:38:51And above all, it is the one I prefer,

00:38:53if you want to know how to destroy,

00:38:56to know how to preserve.

00:38:58I believe that what is important

00:39:01is to dismantle these arguments one by one

00:39:04by mobilizing other methods of calculation

00:39:07and other values.

00:39:08It is enough to think in terms of global cost,

00:39:11by integrating all the negative externalities

00:39:14of the current conventional construction

00:39:16to measure the ineptitude.

00:39:18Even more, our task is to systematically reverse

00:39:22the burden of the proof.

00:39:24It is up to those who demolish to prove

00:39:26that they are obliged to do so.

00:39:28Not to us.

00:39:29It is up to those who build anew

00:39:31to prove that the current building is insufficient.

00:39:35Not to us.

00:39:36Our goal is to change the framework of the debate

00:39:40to change the framework of the law,

00:39:43so that renovation is no longer the exception,

00:39:46but the rule.

00:39:47It is necessary to mobilize

00:39:49so that the premature demolition

00:39:54and the construction of new buildings

00:39:56become a public problem,

00:39:58where they will appear for what they are,

00:40:00an ecological disaster for the planet,

00:40:03an economy of waste for our societies,

00:40:05but also a moral disavowal for some architects.

00:40:10Each of us feels that the time of material abundance

00:40:13has evolved.

00:40:14Other forms of wealth are to be valued.

00:40:18The pickers, the smugglers, the smugglers, the smugglers

00:40:22are perhaps the new guardianship figures

00:40:25of a world where we must learn

00:40:27to make a feast with crumbs.

00:40:30We will find it frightening or rejoicing.

00:40:33But everywhere in Europe,

00:40:34men and women bring together their power to act

00:40:38to engage in common struggles,

00:40:40to open properly political spaces

00:40:43where new ways of building and living are discussed.

00:40:47Architects have their place there.

00:40:50Other models are to be invented

00:40:52by refusing to take more from the earth,

00:40:55by learning to see what is there,

00:40:58by loving it more

00:40:59and by preserving it as long as possible.

00:41:02Thank you.

00:41:09I'm Caroline Poulin,

00:41:12co-founder of the AUC,

00:41:14Grand Prix de l'Urbanisme in 2021.

00:41:16The agency has a European dimension.

00:41:18We're interested in that tonight.

00:41:21It wrote the book

00:41:23How to Not Demolish a Building

00:41:24with the 51N4E agency

00:41:27and has collaborated with the Pavilion

00:41:29on the exhibition Preserved, Adapted, Transmitted.

00:41:32That's the topic tonight. Thank you.

00:41:35I think everyone is convinced and against demolition.

00:41:39But what I understand from the exercise

00:41:41is that we can give you arguments

00:41:44to find the million signatures.

00:41:49What I mean is...

00:41:53This question of demolition, transformation, etc.,

00:41:57I'd like to expand on the urban question.

00:41:59Because I think that at one point...

00:42:02I remember we were lucky 15 years ago,

00:42:06and I had the honour of participating in the Grand Paris Reflection.

00:42:09We had just put forward the hypothesis

00:42:11that Grand Paris was stimulating.

00:42:13And we used the word transformation

00:42:15rather than stimulation.

00:42:17We weren't there yet.

00:42:19We weren't questioning the idea of transformation.

00:42:23But I think the hypothesis we had at the time

00:42:27was that the Paris metropolitan area was already there.

00:42:30And at one point, the challenge of Grand Paris

00:42:32was to transform,

00:42:34to adapt, to stimulate this city.

00:42:38I'd like to share with the young people here

00:42:44the joy of working with the existing.

00:42:50I think that when we work with the existing,

00:42:52there's complexity, there's alterity.

00:42:56We talk to a lot of actors.

00:42:59Sometimes we're left out.

00:43:01Sometimes we go to war with the elected representatives.

00:43:04In Pantin, for example, it was complicated, it was hard.

00:43:07We almost got fired, but we resisted.

00:43:11And I think that...

00:43:14I think that today,

00:43:17we're a bit disoriented by what's happening.

00:43:20We don't necessarily have the solutions.

00:43:23We can state things, but we don't necessarily have the solutions.

00:43:26And I think that this issue of transformation, of renovation,

00:43:30allows the architect to re-engage in this complexity

00:43:35and, in a way, to find a social utility,

00:43:40an economic utility,

00:43:42and an utility in making projects.

00:43:45We're interested in making projects.

00:43:47I'm interested in walking around Belleville.

00:43:49And when you walk around Belleville,

00:43:51it's the entanglement of many things,

00:43:54of many layers, of many environments, of many people.

00:43:59And at some point, we started our job by doing...

00:44:03We were very interested in the city first,

00:44:06and in the architecture afterwards.

00:44:07And I think we've come a long way.

00:44:09Because today, when you think about a building,

00:44:13you can't extract it from its urban condition.

00:44:18And I think that as soon as you can't extract each building

00:44:22from its urban condition,

00:44:24I think that the question of demolishing to rebuild becomes impossible.

00:44:28Because it's tabula rasa.

00:44:31It means to neutralize, to break everything that exists.

00:44:34There's nothing left, no more inhabitants, no more plants.

00:44:38And it's true that for a very long time,

00:44:41but without knowing it,

00:44:42the first thing we did was locate the trees, the plants,

00:44:46and we almost drew up maps.

00:44:48We didn't know.

00:44:50We did a lot of things in a way that was a bit unconscious.

00:44:55And for us, we were always looking at what was there,

00:45:00how what was there was the closure of a project

00:45:03that was eminently powerful, eminently stimulating.

00:45:07I really like the word stimulation.

00:45:09And that can be shared by everyone.

00:45:14If we want to find arguments,

00:45:16it's that often today, if we build something new,

00:45:20we're extremely...

00:45:22There are a lot of norms that are imposed

00:45:26and the programs are now reduced to their simplest expression.

00:45:30And when we're lucky enough to work on transformation projects,

00:45:35we find ourselves...

00:45:36It quickly spread.

00:45:38For example, WTC, that is to say that the halls are huge.

00:45:41And if we're talking about the Tour des Poissonniers,

00:45:44we'll be able to make a student residence with a lot in common,

00:45:48which are spaces that will be given in addition,

00:45:51because we had already reached the program

00:45:54that Paris Habitat had given us.

00:45:56And I think that's extremely important.

00:45:58It's how we can...

00:46:00And that's where it's really about making projects.

00:46:03That is to say that it's often lived

00:46:06perhaps too much in the imaginary.

00:46:09Not in this room, but in others.

00:46:11It's a constraint, but in fact, it's a good constraint

00:46:16that can really lead to particularly interesting projects.

00:46:20Well, Anne has perfectly demonstrated this for a long time too.

00:46:25And I think that's one of the first points.

00:46:29And the other point that you mentioned, Philippe,

00:46:32is really how we can also work and take care of things.

00:46:37But I would rather praise slowness,

00:46:40because it takes time to do things well and to transform them well.

00:46:45If we think, for example, of the Courtiers des Courtilières,

00:46:47it's still 22 years of work.

00:46:49But at the same time, what is 22 years on the scale of the city?

00:46:53It's nothing at all either.

00:46:55So I just wanted to add this value of time too,

00:46:59as a value.

00:47:07Tonight, we wanted to present different architectural approaches.

00:47:11And so I have the pleasure of calling on stage Léa Cottrel,

00:47:16who was trained, I believe, in Belleville,

00:47:19in an architecture and heritage training,

00:47:22and whose real agency

00:47:24is really focused on renovation and heritage.

00:47:31And Léa, I'll let you tell us more about it.

00:47:34Thank you for being here.

00:47:35Good evening.

00:47:36Thank you for inviting us to participate in this night of renovation.

00:47:42The idea of this exhibition is to show

00:47:45that we can conserve more and demolish less,

00:47:47and that renovation can be an act of architectural creation.

00:47:54In the preamble,

00:47:55these two images question the gap,

00:47:57the trace of what has disappeared,

00:48:00and question how we can intervene on what already exists.

00:48:05It also echoes the Venice Chart in 1964,

00:48:11which was a founding act,

00:48:13which was theorized for the first time on a global scale

00:48:16on the intervention of historical monuments

00:48:20with two operating principles,

00:48:23readability and reversibility.

00:48:26This is an image taken from a book by Kevin Lynch,

00:48:31which he wrote in 1972,

00:48:33What This Time Is This Place.

00:48:41The first image is a piece of marble

00:48:46in the Urbis format, representing the Pompéa Theatre in Rome.

00:48:50The image below shows what's left of the building.

00:48:54The theatre is demolished, but its form remains in the city.

00:48:57It's a testimony to the reconstruction of the city on itself.

00:49:02The form persists and exists in a new way in the city.

00:49:08This is another type of transformation,

00:49:12always taken from the same book.

00:49:14These are three images from the same house,

00:49:18which followed different work campaigns.

00:49:21It questions the permanence of the function,

00:49:26but we can identify all the modifications

00:49:30that were generated by a change of era,

00:49:34a change of aesthetics.

00:49:40These two examples illustrate the diversity

00:49:44of what transformation can be in a building,

00:49:48in time, and express different approaches to restoration.

00:49:51In heritage, conservation has always prevailed.

00:49:58What we can think of today

00:50:01is that this way of thinking about renovation

00:50:07can apply to all buildings,

00:50:09whether they are protected by a historical monument

00:50:12or to more ordinary buildings.

00:50:17Many qualities

00:50:21are born from renovation projects.

00:50:27I'll choose two to be brief.

00:50:32The first is what a building can do.

00:50:35A building has the capacity to transform,

00:50:40to welcome new uses.

00:50:42All buildings, since they were built,

00:50:47have always been transformed,

00:50:51whether on a small scale,

00:50:53or on a large scale,

00:50:55in terms of size,

00:50:59expansion, or opening.

00:51:03Buildings also have the capacity to adapt

00:51:06to new climatic challenges.

00:51:09This is possible thanks to their architecture,

00:51:13their construction, their shape,

00:51:15and what they can receive.

00:51:20The second thing,

00:51:23and I'm going back to what Jamel and Caroline were saying

00:51:28about the opportunities for projects

00:51:32that can offer to work on what already exists.

00:51:36We're dealing with anomalies, irregularities.

00:51:41We're dealing with contradictions,

00:51:43but there are so many opportunities for projects

00:51:45to create something new

00:51:47that are different from standard typologies.

00:51:50It's also a way of rethinking housing,

00:51:53equipment...

00:51:56It goes back to what Caroline was saying.

00:51:59It's a great asset.

00:52:03I'm going to take a concrete example

00:52:08of a building that escaped demolition.

00:52:12This photo shows the city of Havre

00:52:15after its bombing in 1945.

00:52:21The city was almost entirely destroyed.

00:52:25The school was built in the framework of the reconstruction

00:52:28of the Paul-Berre school in 1955

00:52:31by Guy Lagnaud and the LWD workshop.

00:52:34Recently, this school won a competition

00:52:38for its renovation, which was wanted as an example.

00:52:43We won this competition with the PNG workshop in March 2024.

00:52:48This school is 4,500 m²

00:52:53and more than a third of its surface has been vacant

00:52:56for several years.

00:52:58Its energy consumption was such

00:53:01that its conservation was put in question,

00:53:04even if it was listed on the UNESCO list.

00:53:08The challenge of this competition was to prove

00:53:11that it was possible to preserve the building

00:53:14by introducing a new program

00:53:16rather than demolishing the unoccupied parts.

00:53:19If we succeeded in winning this competition

00:53:24and avoiding demolition of the building,

00:53:26it was because we demonstrated

00:53:29that the building had qualities

00:53:31that had been lost over time.

00:53:33So, let's talk about this building.

00:53:36The transparency of its openings,

00:53:40the quality of its interior spaces,

00:53:42and also that it was able to adapt

00:53:45to the regulatory, climatic and environmental changes,

00:53:50especially because of its modular, metallic structure

00:53:55that could accommodate all these changes.

00:53:58This is the existing state and the project.

00:54:04Without going into the details of the project,

00:54:08this is an example of our intervention,

00:54:11of our renovation project.

00:54:13In blue, this is what we're preserving.

00:54:15In red, this is what we're adding.

00:54:20Or modifying, because there were things that were already there.

00:54:24Basically, we're adding storages,

00:54:28transforming the sunshades,

00:54:31and reworking this facade so that it can maintain,

00:54:34or at least improve its thermal quality,

00:54:38while preserving the existing register.

00:54:41So, this project is, for us,

00:54:47a chance to work on an existing building

00:54:51that is able to transform

00:54:55to adapt to the new, current conditions.

00:55:01I'll finish with these words by Viollet-le-Duc,

00:55:05quoted by François Chouet in his book

00:55:08Le patrimoine en question,

00:55:10Anthologie pour un combat,

00:55:11the best way to preserve a building

00:55:14is to find a use for it.

00:55:16Thank you.

00:55:22Anne Macathon has quoted some of the pioneers

00:55:25who have been involved for a long time.

00:55:27So, yes, Hélène, it's your turn.

00:55:30Among these pioneers, Anne, you quoted Paris Habitat.

00:55:34So, we're very happy to have Hélène Schörer here tonight,

00:55:37who leads a large number of projects.

00:55:40I don't even know how many.

00:55:43280 projects.

00:55:46She runs operations all over Paris

00:55:49and fights every day for the renovation,

00:55:53for the creation of social housing in Paris.

00:55:56Thank you, Hélène.

00:55:57Thank you, Marion.

00:55:59Thank you, Christine, for having me here.

00:56:02I feel a bit lonely,

00:56:03because I don't think there are many

00:56:05or many masters of their craft here tonight.

00:56:08But it's not a big deal.

00:56:10A few elements, a bit of context.

00:56:14Renovation, adaptation, transformation,

00:56:16those are the prerequisites for a public office

00:56:19at HLM Paris Habitat.

00:56:23I just want to point out that there are particular issues,

00:56:27because it's a non-profit office.

00:56:30It's owned and managed by more than 126,000 people.

00:56:34I also want to point out, compared to Mr. Simé,

00:56:37that these are inalienable assets

00:56:40and that we house more than 285,000 people,

00:56:43mainly in Paris, and a bit of the surrounding area.

00:56:48When we work on such an asset in Paris,

00:56:53the question of adapting these assets

00:56:56to environmental and social challenges,

00:56:59as you say, Marion,

00:57:01it's important to have the idea of housing as many people as possible.

00:57:06When we work at Paris Habitat,

00:57:07it's about adapting these assets,

00:57:10adapting them to improve them,

00:57:12adapting them to climate and use issues.

00:57:16Today, we work on buildings from the 16th century

00:57:21as well as the 30 Glorieuses,

00:57:22a large number of which are currently under construction,

00:57:25and sometimes more recent ones,

00:57:28from the 80s, which are also very energy-intensive

00:57:31and a bit obsolete.

00:57:34It's always a bit tricky when we work at Paris Habitat

00:57:37on an asset that is a witness to housing

00:57:40and social housing.

00:57:41It's a responsibility.

00:57:44Adapting, renovating, transforming is also a responsibility

00:57:47and a prerequisite when we have to develop social housing,

00:57:50affordable housing in a city that is already very dense,

00:57:53where opportunities are rare

00:57:55and where each opportunity is the subject of speculation

00:57:59and housing financing.

00:58:01So, today, we have to look at our jobs differently

00:58:05to capture and transform

00:58:07to continue to develop social housing,

00:58:09affordable housing.

00:58:13Today, for a master's degree in housing,

00:58:15it's about renovating the existing park,

00:58:18126,000 homes, fortunately, all of them are not under renovation,

00:58:21but a large number, more than 40,000 today,

00:58:24or developing a new offer,

00:58:26working on the existing, these are the prerequisites.

00:58:30It also requires that master's degrees adapt.

00:58:32I have another big advantage compared to many other buyers,

00:58:36we have a large master's degree in Paris Habitat.

00:58:39We don't depend on promoters and VFA.

00:58:41I've also seen, in recent years,

00:58:43how we've had to evolve the master's degree professions.

00:58:46Fortunately, among my teams, there are a lot of architects

00:58:50who, today, work totally differently

00:58:53from 10 or 20 years ago.

00:58:55When we know that adapting, renovating has become the norm,

00:59:01the professions have evolved.

00:59:03I've also had to evolve

00:59:04within the same master's degree.

00:59:07Today, there is no longer this dichotomy

00:59:09with, on the one hand, those who built,

00:59:11the barons, so to speak,

00:59:14and those who rehabilitated, who were the means.

00:59:19Today, there is only one and the same profession.

00:59:22The Paris Habitat teams do both new construction

00:59:25and rehabilitation, restructuring.

00:59:28All projects have common objectives.

00:59:30To offer quality housing,

00:59:33housing that is affordable in terms of rent,

00:59:37of charge, all of which must remain under control

00:59:40to continue to offer housing

00:59:42that meets the needs of Parisians,

00:59:45the needs of the metropolitans.

00:59:47We can also see, today,

00:59:49the gap between the private offer,

00:59:52which has become practically inaccessible,

00:59:54and the reality of people's income.

00:59:57The quality of housing is changing.

00:59:59The transformation also goes hand in hand

01:00:02with the quality of the relationship

01:00:03with the tenants, with the inhabitants.

01:00:05I think that for architects,

01:00:07it's important to say,

01:00:09we're not alone.

01:00:10We don't just do a transformation or a rehabilitation.

01:00:13There are people, and we do it for people.

01:00:15When we act at Paris Habitat,

01:00:17it's for the tenants in place, but also for future tenants.

01:00:23I might have to move forward.

01:00:25I'm sorry.

01:00:27There you go.

01:00:28I think...

01:00:29I'm warning some architects in the room.

01:00:31I allowed myself to get some illustrations.

01:00:34I hope you don't mind.

01:00:37But it's too late, anyway.

01:00:42So, today,

01:00:44transforming, adapting,

01:00:45that's the norm.

01:00:47The tabula rasa is over.

01:00:48I must admit that, from time to time,

01:00:50under friendly pressure from some elected officials,

01:00:53we're led to demolish.

01:00:54I can tell you that I wouldn't name a city

01:00:57where we're an actor

01:00:59on the side of Val-de-Marne,

01:01:02not to name Champigny,

01:01:03and it's still very complicated to say

01:01:05we're not going to demolish.

01:01:07Things are never very simple.

01:01:08There's also the role of elected officials

01:01:11which is still important in our professions.

01:01:15For years,

01:01:17working on existence has become the norm.

01:01:20I would also like to point out

01:01:22that we're not working on the idea of massification.

01:01:27We see how much the State,

01:01:29and the production system,

01:01:32talk about massification.

01:01:33Each project has its own history,

01:01:36its own context.

01:01:37I think it's important to say

01:01:39there are no recipes.

01:01:40There are 10,000 recipes, yet to be invented.

01:01:44Working on existence is a chance,

01:01:47a chance for us, the masters of our work,

01:01:49a chance for you, the masters of your work.

01:01:52But we'll have to look at all the maps,

01:01:56question the values of housing,

01:01:58of the commons, of outdoor spaces,

01:02:01the normative rigor of housing as a quasi-industrial product,

01:02:05which is only the result of financial policies,

01:02:08and has become an operator for the transformation of a garage,

01:02:10the transformation of an office building.

01:02:12Existence forces us to innovate,

01:02:14to think differently about the surface,

01:02:16to adapt the rents, the rules of financing,

01:02:19as in the case of the Bois-le-Prêtre operation,

01:02:21which gave us a lot, for the architects,

01:02:24to mobilize to create new housing,

01:02:27to make it evolve.

01:02:28But on the side of the masters of their work,

01:02:30as well as Ville at the time,

01:02:31to find ways to finance these projects

01:02:33while keeping the rents controlled for the occupants.

01:02:37It's also, of course, as Djamel and Caroline showed earlier,

01:02:41the Tour des Poissonniers,

01:02:42where there is a mutation with two new products.

01:02:44The student housing product

01:02:46corresponds much more to the context

01:02:48of Condorcet, on the other side of Sorbonne-Université.

01:02:52Or simply...

01:02:53I'm going to move on to my slide.

01:02:56Adapted to heritage.

01:02:58Yes, Xavier.

01:02:59Straux, for example, HBM, in the 13th arrondissement,

01:03:03but also adapted to climate change.

01:03:08The example of Salamandre,

01:03:09which were not very nice buildings

01:03:11in the 20th arrondissement,

01:03:13which didn't have many characteristics,

01:03:15not many qualities,

01:03:16and where, all of a sudden,

01:03:18vegetation allows to give a real quality to these buildings.

01:03:23These programs are made possible, of course,

01:03:25and as I said earlier, when I talked about

01:03:27a long-term goal,

01:03:28or the inalienability of goods,

01:03:32it's about working in the long term.

01:03:34It's clear that if we stay on financed housing,

01:03:37as it is today,

01:03:38we won't be able to get out of it.

01:03:39I think we really have to think about housing

01:03:41in the very long term.

01:03:42I work on projects

01:03:44where we've been owners for over 100 years, for example.

01:03:47Many of these are atypical heritage mutations

01:03:49that have emerged in recent years,

01:03:51enriching the range of interventions.

01:03:53This will allow to offer a quality housing

01:03:57in the areas without social housing,

01:03:58in the Bordal housing,

01:04:00like the Samaritaine, as some of you may know,

01:04:03but also the Garage-la-Borne,

01:04:04where we have our building permit.

01:04:05We will soon start working on the 8th arrondissement.

01:04:08The Rueillet house,

01:04:09which was a real construction work,

01:04:12but also a mutation,

01:04:13because sometimes you have to build.

01:04:15We also saw an over-elevation earlier.

01:04:18Or...

01:04:20This is an old project.

01:04:22It's the transformation of a building

01:04:23in the Ministry of Culture

01:04:25into a social residence

01:04:28in the 2nd arrondissement.

01:04:30Or, in the course of work,

01:04:33in a family pension,

01:04:34the former linguistic and phonetic centre

01:04:36of the Sorbonne,

01:04:38which was entrusted to us by the city of Paris

01:04:40to transform it into a family pension

01:04:41with a EMAUS management.

01:04:42These are projects I really like,

01:04:44because they also have a real social role,

01:04:46especially in an arrondissement

01:04:47where there are not many social housing.

01:04:50These are just a few examples.

01:04:52To tell you that today,

01:04:54no longer demolish, adapt and transform,

01:04:57we need to review together the chain of elaboration,

01:05:00reprogram it,

01:05:01by questioning the tools of financing,

01:05:03of urbanism,

01:05:05of the economy of the project,

01:05:06but also of the normative environment,

01:05:08of the selection procedures of the masters of work,

01:05:10as their mission,

01:05:12or even the models of the companies of the BTP,

01:05:14their ability to respond to this type of program

01:05:17when their model is based mainly

01:05:19on new construction.

01:05:20This requires us all to be agile,

01:05:22to forget the used procedures,

01:05:24those that struggle to integrate

01:05:25the social and environmental issues.

01:05:28It is clear that the investment budgets

01:05:30allocated to these transformation programs

01:05:32are not neutral,

01:05:33but they must be put in the eyes of the mobilized budgets

01:05:35for new construction programs

01:05:37or via demolition and reconstruction.

01:05:39If the costs are quite significant,

01:05:42the financial parameters of the urbanization programs

01:05:45must be evaluated to take into account

01:05:47the valuation of the carbon balance.

01:05:48I think you have spoken about it previously.

01:05:51Thus, it is urgent to review the financial parameters

01:05:54so that housing becomes a common good,

01:05:56plead for a specific tax

01:05:58for urbanization programs,

01:05:59for the mutation of existing heritage,

01:06:02integrate the value of the property,

01:06:03the carbon value,

01:06:04to be able to deconventionalize,

01:06:05reconventionalize heritage that has become obsolete,

01:06:08or even more.

01:06:09It is really necessary that we mobilize

01:06:13to master the foundation,

01:06:15to master real estate assets.

01:06:17I had this little outing,

01:06:19I am always surprised to see that in Paris,

01:06:20a building, housing with labels G,

01:06:24which normally have no value

01:06:25since they can no longer be rented,

01:06:26still has the value of 10,000 euros per square meter in Paris.

01:06:29I think it really raises the question

01:06:31of all these financial values.

01:06:33I'll stop soon.

01:06:34We are very mobilized.

01:06:37I hope I will continue to be mobilized

01:06:39to produce, to rehabilitate.

01:06:42I think that, above all, my stake is to fight

01:06:44so that the model of social housing persists

01:06:47and that we can all work together

01:06:49and continue together.

01:06:50Thank you very much.

01:06:56I now call Rocio Calçado-Lopez.

01:06:59Thank you very much for being with us tonight.

01:07:01Normally, you should have been two on stage,

01:07:03but it turns out that your partner, Jasper Murer,

01:07:05is in the back of the room completing

01:07:08the very good documentary that is in progress,

01:07:10Portes à Portes,

01:07:11brought to you by your platform, Docar.

01:07:14You are the laureates of the Paris-Arsenal 2023

01:07:17Iron Contest on this project

01:07:18that documents the paradigm of transformation,

01:07:21in particular of the Poissonnier Tower.

01:07:23So it's a very good transition with Paris Habitat,

01:07:26with the AUC.

01:07:27So, Rocio, it's up to you to tell us about all this.

01:07:29We have had quite a few examples

01:07:33of why it's a great idea to transform rather than demolish.

01:07:37We are more or less all in agreement.

01:07:40With Jasper, we founded this collective

01:07:42of documentary films, Docar,

01:07:45to ask ourselves perhaps more basic questions.

01:07:48Why do we demolish housing, first and foremost?

01:07:52And it may be because we are not French

01:07:54that the whole issue of the impetus of the policy

01:07:58of intensive demolition of social housing in France

01:08:03was perhaps less obvious.

01:08:04You have to know that we don't demolish everywhere

01:08:07or anywhere else with the same intensity.

01:08:10So we asked ourselves this question,

01:08:12why do we demolish?

01:08:13What is behind the choice

01:08:15of whether to demolish a building or not?

01:08:18We asked ourselves this question with our first film project,

01:08:22which we did with the support of the Pavilion de l'Arsenal.

01:08:25It's a film about seven towers in the north of Paris,

01:08:29directed by architect Raymond Lopez,

01:08:31managed and owned by Paris Habitat.

01:08:34Some were demolished,

01:08:36some others were transformed,

01:08:38or are undergoing transformation.

01:08:40The priest is transformed into a vassal cathon

01:08:43and the fishmonger, as we see here,

01:08:45which we heard about tonight,

01:08:48are undergoing transformation there too.

01:08:50We asked ourselves why,

01:08:52what was behind the choice of demolishing some of these towers

01:08:55and not other towers of the same complex?

01:08:59To study this, we went to investigate...

01:09:02This is our documentary, Portes à Portes,

01:09:05I don't know if you've seen it.

01:09:07We went to investigate the local social context,

01:09:10the local politics,

01:09:12but we also went into the buildings

01:09:14to try to understand how the materiality of the buildings

01:09:18could have an influence

01:09:20on this process of demolition or not of some of these towers.

01:09:24We did a kind of contemporary archaeology

01:09:28in the buildings, in the research.

01:09:30We explored the different...

01:09:33the material context of these buildings,

01:09:35but also the different architectural elements

01:09:38to try to understand

01:09:39in what way they could also have an influence

01:09:43in this moment of decision whether to demolish or not these towers.

01:09:47Without going into space determinism,

01:09:50what we're trying to understand

01:09:52is how the building itself,

01:09:54or pieces of the building, such as sociotechnical objects,

01:09:58can have an influence on a political decision-making process

01:10:01in the moment of deciding whether or not a building should be demolished.

01:10:06If we don't demolish the buildings, as I said earlier,

01:10:08in other contexts, what do we do with them?

01:10:11This is the second question we asked

01:10:13with our second film project,

01:10:16which is also still being filmed.

01:10:18This film project is called Great Together.

01:10:22It's a bit of a free translation of the word Great Together.

01:10:25It's a film that tries to explore

01:10:28the future of different large groups in Europe

01:10:32through different inhabitants and different housing activists

01:10:37in these different contexts.

01:10:39I'll introduce you.

01:10:40We have, for example, Johanna,

01:10:41who belongs to the Minister of Housing's collective

01:10:46in Serbia, in the fight against housing privatisation,

01:10:49who introduces us to the district of Novi Belgrade.

01:10:53We have Aldo, who lives in Corviale, in Rome.

01:10:56We have Ines, who is an architect, an activist,

01:11:00a PhD student, who is here with us tonight,

01:11:02who introduces us to the district of Mirail, in Toulouse.

01:11:05And we have Bianca, who introduces us to the district of Alterna.

01:11:10I hope she'll say it better.

01:11:12In Vienna.

01:11:13In Vienna.

01:11:15With these examples, we'll tell a common story,

01:11:18that of the Great Together in Europe

01:11:20and the possible future of the Great Together.

01:11:22The demolition, with the case of Mirail,

01:11:26the transformation in Corviale,

01:11:28the maintenance in Vienna,

01:11:30and the privatisation of Belgrade.

01:11:33We'll try to tell this story as a European of the Great Together,

01:11:36facing this common, transversal issue,

01:11:40the housing crisis,

01:11:41which worries us all at this time in particular,

01:11:46and which has been a driving force for these two projects.

01:11:50I hope I can come back to show you our finished projects.

01:11:53Thank you very much.

01:12:00I'm here with Maud Kobe,

01:12:02architect and founder of Maud Kobe Architects.

01:12:07The fashion agency and your career have been in Brussels and Paris.

01:12:12Your projects have always been characterized

01:12:14by a strong sensitivity to climate and vegetation issues,

01:12:18and also to design.

01:12:20I'll let you explain why you're particularly involved

01:12:24in projects around renovation.

01:12:26Thank you, Estelle, Pavillon, Marion,

01:12:29and the entire team, who do a great job.

01:12:31Thank you to the board for hosting us today,

01:12:34and to all the students, future renovation geniuses.

01:12:39Good evening.

01:12:40In addition to what has been said so far,

01:12:42I'd like to come back to the notion of habitability.

01:12:45The subject that worries us is to renovate for men and women.

01:12:49If we reconsider this notion of habitability,

01:12:52we wonder how we can best renovate

01:12:56to create healthier, more comfortable and safer living spaces.

01:13:01This notion of habitability

01:13:03must be crossed with the notion of sustainability.

01:13:07How do we preserve resources? How do we reuse them?

01:13:10How do we avoid waste, which has always existed?

01:13:13And how do we maintain a balance

01:13:16between the project's economy, ecology and social issues?

01:13:19That's the challenge.

01:13:22This is a drawing we made with the talents of Félix Raudier,

01:13:26a brilliant illustrator,

01:13:27in the context of a movement I led a few quarters ago

01:13:30that brings together all that we say together,

01:13:33with the masters of work, the inhabitants, the elected,

01:13:36with a bit of political courage.

01:13:38How can we find that balance

01:13:40between living on this planet and making it habitable?

01:13:46These little sketches have the merit,

01:13:49although sometimes clumsy,

01:13:50of showing all the power we can have by renovating.

01:13:54Renovation allows for reversibility.

01:13:57Reversibility is the fact of occupying spaces

01:13:59that are no longer useful.

01:14:00Old parking lots, old garages,

01:14:03old office buildings that are empty.

01:14:07Reversibility also allows flexibility.

01:14:09Flexibility is the intensification of use

01:14:12that we all carry.

01:14:13The old barn, the vernacular architecture,

01:14:17our ancestors lived in polymorphic, polyvalent spaces.

01:14:20Why not invest in renovation and offer spaces

01:14:24where the kitchen, the office, the play space meet?

01:14:29The shared space is the common good.

01:14:33We live in increasingly constrained spaces.

01:14:35Why not share spaces in collaboration with our neighbors,

01:14:39with other inhabitants,

01:14:41and extend our private space to the outside?

01:14:43There is also the notion of generosity.

01:14:46Finally, there is the lesson of aestheticism

01:14:48in the architect's discourse.

01:14:50Reintroduce the architect's role.

01:14:52Architecture is a major work,

01:14:55with a capital A.

01:14:57In the same way as the Barahos movement

01:14:59after the Second World War, we were able to rebuild

01:15:02for the most part, we will all be able to,

01:15:05with the industrialists, with the engineers,

01:15:08with the men and women of talent, the men of art,

01:15:11to create elegant and beautiful spaces.

01:15:13The architect must be at the heart of this process.

01:15:17I'll go faster.

01:15:19What is the first material we'll work on?

01:15:22The déjà-là is a huge number of eras.

01:15:25When we renovate a building,

01:15:27we've been doing it for 20 years.

01:15:29We've worked on buildings that are more or less classic,

01:15:31more or less majestic, more or less patrimonial.

01:15:34Here, we had the pleasure of working on this tower

01:15:37in the 11th arrondissement, in the 2nd arrondissement,

01:15:39the Racine tower,

01:15:40which is the exception that confirms the rule.

01:15:43It's a building that reminds us,

01:15:46that reminds us of the time of the 70s,

01:15:48which was extremely neglected and that we learn to love again.

01:15:51It reminds us of the memory, of the memories,

01:15:53of the materials, the concrete, which we learn to preserve.

01:15:57It also teaches us to cross our eyes.

01:16:01We reintroduce, we renovate,

01:16:02we reintroduce, we also re-learn the architectural forms

01:16:05that we forget, that we don't necessarily learn at school.

01:16:07It's imagining absolutely exceptional spaces

01:16:10that our ancestors could have made,

01:16:11like this snail-shaped space, this rolling space.

01:16:14Renovation is being able to renovate spaces

01:16:18at all scales, from the very bottom of the building,

01:16:21from the old underground parking lots

01:16:22to the core of the building.

01:16:24It's also an opportunity to reinvest the 5th facade, the roof.

01:16:27The roof that we forgot.

01:16:29How many logos did our ancestors put

01:16:32to make spaces live inside the office buildings?

01:16:35We're going to put these logos down

01:16:37and reuse them to sacralize,

01:16:40why not, nature, the living, and if it's useful.

01:16:45Renovation is talking about multiple lives.

01:16:47It's the multiplication of lives for people, for the inhabitants,

01:16:51and it's also preserving the materials that already exist.

01:16:53Here, at the agency, we have a case study that goes to school,

01:16:58where we discuss with the owner

01:17:01how to preserve this building.

01:17:03It's a maternity, in the Valois-Perret,

01:17:05a maternity that has its architectural qualities and flaws.

01:17:08We're going to reuse the material that already exists,

01:17:10the ceramics.

01:17:12We're going to study the plants,

01:17:13plants that are very simple,

01:17:15to be able to offer multiple lives,

01:17:17to age in the city,

01:17:19to share spaces all together,

01:17:22to offer generous spaces with outdoor uses,

01:17:26to reuse stone, for example, here on this facade.

01:17:29Here, we have the image after the proposed renovation.

01:17:33We've densified it, created a higher floor

01:17:35and extended interior spaces, not large balconies.

01:17:38Finally, there's the notion of climate.

01:17:40We don't renovate in the same way as in Paris,

01:17:42as in Bordeaux, as in Lyon, etc.

01:17:44A project we're carrying out in Lyon,

01:17:48in the district of La Pardue, which has been largely mineralized,

01:17:51a very deep plot, an office building

01:17:53and a garage that we've renovated.

01:17:58We've demolished part of the building

01:18:00to offer more generous, transverse spaces,

01:18:03to improve summer comfort with a large patio

01:18:07and to work on the facade,

01:18:09this famous thick facade, the bioclimatic facade,

01:18:12by reintroducing bio-sourced materials.

01:18:14Renovation is also an opportunity to use raw material,

01:18:17the one that already exists, the earth, for example,

01:18:19and to propose a new architectural writing,

01:18:23like this one.

01:18:25To sum up this little presentation,

01:18:29I like this quote, which has always moved me,

01:18:31since I was a child, by Lavoisier,

01:18:32that nothing is lost, everything is transformed.

01:18:34This transformation allows us to be creative.

01:18:36It forces us to reinvent a new model.

01:18:38And all together,

01:18:41with the mastery of our work,

01:18:43and with good political will,

01:18:45we can recreate a happier world.

01:18:47Thank you.

01:18:49For this last speech,

01:18:52I have the pleasure of welcoming on stage

01:18:54Charlotte Malterbart,

01:18:57whom we were able to present the work with

01:19:02at an exhibition at the Pavilion de l'Arsenal

01:19:04called La Grande Réparation.

01:19:06Charlotte has been one of the road companions

01:19:09since the beginning of House Europe.

01:19:12Charlotte, you are an architect, an urban planner, a professor,

01:19:15and you have been working at the Pavilion de l'Arsenal

01:19:18and you have given a speech on the new buildings.

01:19:23I'll let you tell us more. Thank you for being with us.

01:19:26Thank you very much for the invitation, of course.

01:19:29I'm delighted to see so many people

01:19:32for this discussion.

01:19:33When I talked about it, I said,

01:19:35I'm going to Renovation Night, are you interested?

01:19:37I know it's not a very sexy topic,

01:19:40but I have a few friends in the room,

01:19:42so I managed to convince them.

01:19:44So, as I said,

01:19:47for me, this call,

01:19:49yes to renovation, no to demolition,

01:19:51aligns quite clearly

01:19:54with another call that I have,

01:19:56which is perhaps considered more radical,

01:19:59which is this moratorium on the construction of new buildings,

01:20:03so to stop building,

01:20:05and finally to renovate,

01:20:08not to demolish, not to build new buildings,

01:20:10to build less,

01:20:12to build with what exists, to inhabit it differently

01:20:15and to take care of it,

01:20:17as we saw in the examples

01:20:19shown by our colleagues.

01:20:21So, here is this moratorium

01:20:24which will finally be released in a book

01:20:26after a lot of thinking.

01:20:29And these nine points that I'm going to develop for you

01:20:33by having them, in a way,

01:20:35brought closer to the question of renovation.

01:20:38So, to suspend the construction of a new building,

01:20:41because we have to admit that building is also destroying,

01:20:45but to stop building does not mean to stop doing nothing.

01:20:50Of course, the main question is to house humanity.

01:20:53If we abandon the dictates of the new

01:20:55to move in a different direction,

01:20:57we have 224 billion square meters

01:21:00of floor surface that can be inhabited in the world,

01:21:03which constitutes the sort of real estate heritage of humanity,

01:21:06if you will,

01:21:08dedicated to housing our species, if we adapt it accordingly.

01:21:11So, architects can mobilize their skills

01:21:14to also ban demolitions,

01:21:16adapt legal frameworks

01:21:18and propose spatial redistribution solutions

01:21:21to house everyone.

01:21:24We also talked about value systems that must change.

01:21:27If we agree that the most sustainable act

01:21:30is to keep what exists,

01:21:32so leave the resources and raw materials not extracted,

01:21:36to suspend the construction of a new building

01:21:38means to free up the building's workforce

01:21:41and its workforce and expertise

01:21:44can then be completely redirected to renovation.

01:21:47For architects, it also means

01:21:49to be able to reinvent the calculation of time zones

01:21:53to make up for the work of care.

01:21:56So, we could say that the greatest value

01:21:58is given to what is already there

01:22:00and, logically, the most precious work

01:22:03is to take care of the citizens, the architects.

01:22:11So, stop extracting.

01:22:13It's more about the construction industry

01:22:17that we're dealing with.

01:22:19The idea that the industry itself,

01:22:20the construction sector,

01:22:22architects are also part of it,

01:22:23but it also means that the companies of the BTP

01:22:27and everything related to real estate and its financing

01:22:31must also get involved.

01:22:32I'm always a bit angry

01:22:34against the real estate sector,

01:22:37which I don't think is doing its job

01:22:39beyond the Excel files.

01:22:41So, get involved in the repair work

01:22:43of the damage caused by the mining extraction,

01:22:46also post-colonial,

01:22:48and move away from its current mode of production

01:22:51to another way of producing real estate.

01:22:56So, revolutionize the building industry.

01:22:58It means we're facing a global economy

01:23:01of 10 billion dollars,

01:23:04of 100 billion dollars.

01:23:06Transformation also means a refound of financing modes,

01:23:10of thermal standards, of design processes

01:23:13and of renovation programs,

01:23:14of preservation programs,

01:23:16of transformation programs,

01:23:18and of housing attribution.

01:23:20And here, I'd like to point out,

01:23:22I think we should also cancel the street,

01:23:25or defund the street, I'd say,

01:23:29because we know all the harm they've done.

01:23:30There have been quite recent clarifications

01:23:33in architecture magazines,

01:23:35which is a first in that sense.

01:23:38So, repairing the agency.

01:23:40I think the agency's complicity

01:23:42in social injustice and the climate crisis

01:23:44can't be ignored.

01:23:47The agency is not yet fully equipped

01:23:51to respond to the climate emergency.

01:23:53I think new forms of organization

01:23:56can and must emerge,

01:23:57which would favor the reuse of materials,

01:24:00the renovation, but also the construction

01:24:02in a collective, participatory and cooperative framework

01:24:06to fully use the creative force of architecture.

01:24:10It also means reforming the university.

01:24:13The teaching of architecture must evolve

01:24:15by focusing curriculum on renovation,

01:24:18by decadening knowledge,

01:24:21by rethinking evaluation methods

01:24:23and project processes.

01:24:26For non-extractive project processes.

01:24:30Not digging.

01:24:31We're in a situation

01:24:33where we no longer have the right to excavate.

01:24:38So, this idea of non-digging,

01:24:40if we apply it without excavation,

01:24:42renovation becomes the only option

01:24:44because we no longer have this kind of creation

01:24:48of future waste, but also all the waste

01:24:52that overflows from these demolition materials.

01:24:54It's one third of the world's waste

01:24:57that comes from demolition and construction.

01:25:01So, we must avoid environmental destruction

01:25:04and protect the soil.

01:25:09Taking care is the last point.

01:25:12The general maintenance, which is often devalued,

01:25:15entrusted to racialized and underpaid workers,

01:25:18gendered as well,

01:25:19has an essential political dimension.

01:25:21Radical work on a daily basis,

01:25:23with repeated, not seen, but essential actions.

01:25:26And, in a way, at the scale of the building,

01:25:29renovation, like maintenance,

01:25:31offers a sustainable alternative

01:25:33to the unbridled consumption of resources.

01:25:35So, the obvious, but radical, act

01:25:38is not to build, but to enhance,

01:25:41to design care and repair protocols

01:25:44that allow the world to move forward

01:25:46every day, appreciating those who make it work.

01:25:50Maintenance is also renovation on a daily basis.

01:25:53I'll go back to what I said,

01:25:54renovation so as not to demolish,

01:25:56not to build new,

01:25:58build less, build with what exists,

01:26:01inhabit it differently, and take care of it.

01:26:11Thank you, Charlotte.

01:26:13I think you've understood the message.

01:26:15We might not be able to remind you.

01:26:18Thank you to all the speakers.

01:26:21You give us a lot of strength to continue this fight.

01:26:26Estelle, can you tell us

01:26:28how things will go from now on?

01:26:31Absolutely.

01:26:32Now that you're well aware,

01:26:35you can't not sign

01:26:37and get involved in the European Citizens' Initiative process.

01:26:42As soon as, I don't know when exactly,

01:26:45but it's now,

01:26:47you can go to the House Europe website,

01:26:49watch the videos, sign up.

01:26:51You have to follow the House Europe Instagram account.

01:26:54You have to follow the Payon de l'Arsenal one.

01:26:57I hope it's already done.

01:26:59And also the Belleville one,

01:27:00because it exists and it's great.

01:27:02And in fact, as Olaf said,

01:27:06just giving a like is not enough,

01:27:07but it's also extremely good

01:27:09to raise awareness in your circle of acquaintances.

01:27:11That's how these initiatives work.

01:27:13You have to republish, share, talk about it around you.

01:27:16And that's how, with a maximum of collective energy,

01:27:19we'll be able to meet in a year

01:27:22and celebrate, I hope,

01:27:24the fact that we've collected the 1 million signatures.

01:27:26So thank you again for being here.

01:27:28And now, what we're going to ask you, please,

01:27:30is to play the game for the photo.

01:27:32Thank you, Marie.

01:27:34And to raise your House Europe cards

01:27:38so that we have the best photo possible

01:27:41and that it makes the most noise. Thank you very much.

01:27:46Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada

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