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00:00There are three types of usage for this.
00:03First, the data is provided in foreign countries.
00:06It is in the foreign NIH.
00:09The foreign DNA and our DNA are different.
00:12This is a general opinion.
00:15In biotech, we have done a lot of research,
00:17together with all the biologists and doctors.
00:22What we have discovered now is that
00:25the mutation of cancer in different regions may be different.
00:37That is why we have collected more than 900 samples.
00:41For 1.4 billion, we need to collect more than 1000 samples.
00:48These are very important studies.
00:51First, we can do an early detection.
00:54When a cancer is screened,
00:57the cancer is detected only after the mutation starts.
01:01When the mutation starts,
01:04we can see the data and prevent it.
01:10Second, we can give this medicine for this mutation.
01:15In the case of breast cancer,
01:18we can give personalized medicine.
01:21There is a suspicion that the medicine is not provided correctly.
01:25There are many opinions that the vaccine is not working for a particular mutation.
01:37So, we can give a different type of medicine for each mutation.
01:43This is why personalized medicine is possible.
01:48When there is no medicine for a particular mutation,
01:52we can use the drug pharma industry.
01:55We have released breast cancer for many reasons.
01:59Dr. Shah has said that we can release it for pancreatic cancer.
02:03If we have a common database in India,
02:09we can use it to prevent breast cancer.
02:14We can make India breast cancer free.
02:19They have collected this data after years of hard work.
02:24They have done many ethical clearances and processes.
02:28They have decided to release it for all cancers.
02:35I am proud of ATM Madras.
02:39Sir, how do we use this test?
02:42How do we use it for the public?
02:44First, it is science.
02:47Then, it is the product.
02:49In the case of corona, we brought it from PCR for Rs. 5000 to Rs. 100.
02:56First, we have to do research on how to use this data.
03:04We have to use AI and data analytics.
03:07We have to set a process for the treatment.
03:13After setting the process, we can do a cost-effective diagnosis.
03:18If we do it on a large scale, the cost will definitely reduce.
03:22In your budget, you have given a lot of attention to breast cancer.
03:25How do you see it now?
03:27Breast cancer is a disease that should not come to the cancer institute.
03:32It is a disease that the patients suffer from.
03:36It is a trauma.
03:38Breast cancer is a disease that should not come to the institute.
03:41We have to do everything to prevent it.
03:43Cancer care is announced in the budget.
03:49We can take the genome data from that.
03:51It will be useful for our database.
03:54If we publish it publicly, it will be very useful.
03:56Many people can do it.
03:57Similarly, we can give the data from here to daycare.
04:01We can give it to them on a cost-effective basis.
04:06Is there a kit to make it easier?
04:09Yes, there is a kit.
04:11To make the kit, we have to find out the process.
04:14If we know the process, we will definitely get the kit.
04:16In the case of corona, we had to pay Rs. 5000 for RT-PCR test.
04:20We had to pay Rs. 100 to Rs. 150 for the kit.
04:22The kit was good.
04:24Similarly, this will definitely happen.
04:27Will there be any changes in India?
04:31We are sure that there will be changes in foreign countries.
04:35Our guess is that there may be some changes in India.
04:39We believe that there will be changes.
04:41In terms of cancer incidence and mortality rate,
04:49if you compare it globally and in India,
04:55some cancers have a high incidence rate and mortality rate.
05:02If you look at the current treatment,
05:08the drug is developed based on the genomic changes available in the western population.
05:17We are giving the same drug here.
05:20You may have a side effect or a half target.
05:23Plus, the survival rate may not be equivalent to what you see in foreign countries.
05:30Why is that?
05:32There are different population levels here.
05:35In different population levels,
05:38the genetic makeup of our population will be different compared to the western population.
05:44If our population has a high survival rate,
05:50we have to look at the genetic modifications in our population.
05:58For that, we have to collect tissues and sequence them.
06:02Only if we sequence at the whole genome level,
06:05we will be able to identify the changes in our Indian population.
06:09When we do that, we can identify a specific gene with specific changes.
06:16We can use that gene as a marker for early diagnostics.
06:22We can use the same marker for monitoring the disease progression.
06:28We can monitor how the patient is responding to the available treatment.
06:35When we look at the unique changes in our population,
06:41we can develop a specific medicine for our own population.
06:47When we do that specific medicine,
06:49we can improve our survival rate much better.
06:52Equivalent to what we see outside the world.
06:55What kind of cancer can we treat?
07:01In India, some cancers have a high incidence rate.
07:09For example, breast cancer, oral cancer, colorectal cancer,
07:14stomach cancer, etc.
07:17When we compare all these, breast cancer has a high incidence rate.
07:20So, we started with breast cancer.
07:22If you want to do a genome, you need tissue samples.
07:27IIT Madras is collaborating with many hospitals in and around Chennai
07:34to collect the tissue after having all the ethical clearance.
07:38Without ethical clearance, you cannot collect the samples.
07:41Even after ethical clearance, we have to get the patient's informed consent.
07:45The patient is willing to donate the tissue for the genetic research.
07:50After getting the clearance and permission,
07:53we collected the tissue from different hospitals.
07:55We did the whole genome sequencing and exome sequencing.
08:01We completed more than 950 sequences from 500 breast cancer patients.
08:11What kind of changes do you see in our DNA?
08:16We have some specific unique changes in the Indian population
08:25which you don't see in the Western population.
08:28These unique changes may be responsible for the disease progression
08:33or can be used as a drug target to develop a new drug for our population.
08:38How will it be used?
08:40How will it be used by the public?
08:42How will it be used by the public?
08:45The new target is being identified by the public.
08:50New genes are being diagnosed early.
08:53We have done 1000 sequences from the 500 people.
08:59This data is not going to be the same.
09:02More number of samples will be added.
09:05Based on the unique changes in the population,
09:10we can use it as an early diagnostic marker.
09:14When you develop an early diagnostic marker,
09:16you can have an early intervention.
09:17So, you can have a better management of the cancer situation in India.
09:20Is it useful to change the medicine?
09:24Yes, it is definitely useful to change the medicine.
09:27Based on the genomic changes in the Indian population,
09:32we can use it as a target to develop a medicine.
09:41What are you going to do in the future?
09:44In the future, we are planning to develop an early diagnostic kit
09:49as well as identify the new target to develop drugs.
09:54What is your name?
09:58I am Professor Mahalingam,
10:01Professor in the Department of Biotechnology
10:03plus Head in the Center of Excellence of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Therapeutics at IIT Madras.