A vida e a obra de Hitler refletem-se de forma singular na interação com a imagem da sociedade nos anos de 1889 a 1945.
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00:00Adolf Hitler não terminou a escola nem teve qualquer formação profissional.
00:11Viveu ocasionalmente em centros de acolhimento para sem-abrigo ou na rua.
00:16Recusou-se a ter um emprego regular.
00:19Até hoje parece inexplicável que ele tenha chegado ao poder.
00:23Do nada Hitler tornou-se o Führer, o líder do Reich alemão, um dos homens mais poderosos do século XX,
00:34que levou o mundo à beira da catástrofe e à morte de milhões de pessoas.
00:42A nação venerava-o e seguia-o cegamente para o abismo.
00:48Mas durante a sua vida, manteve as suas origens e a sua vida em segredo.
00:54Ninguém devia saber como ou quem ele era.
00:58Os contemporâneos de Hitler, desde o seu nascimento até à sua morte, desenvolveram a pergunta.
01:05Quem era Hitler?
01:07A nação venerava-o e seguia-o.
01:37I can't recall that Adolf accompanied his mother to church once.
01:43August Kubetek, childhood friend of Adolf Hitler in Linz.
01:51Hitler had no emotional connection to the church.
01:55He thought the Christian religion was an outdated, hypocritical, people-ensnaring institution.
02:03Christa Schröder, Hitler's private secretary.
02:07If the people think I'm a religious man, that cannot hurt.
02:14Adolf Hitler to photographer Heinrich Hoffmann.
02:19I can say with certainty that even before my departure,
02:23I learned about Hitler's intention to liquidate patients with incurable diseases,
02:28not only incurable mental patients in the event of war.
02:32His reasoning was that these would be unnecessary mouths to feed.
02:35Fritz Wiedemann, personal adjutant of the NSDAP to Adolf Hitler until January the 19th, 1939.
02:44Memoirs in diary form, August the 8th, 1939.
02:50Today we witnessed something cruel.
02:54Höhler and Bormann showed Hitler the euthanasia film Unworthy Life.
02:59It deals with the life and behavior of incurable mental patients in a number of sanatoriums.
03:07There was a long discussion afterwards.
03:10The Führer had a really harsh attitude.
03:13If he had such a child, he would request that it be put out of its misery,
03:17not least for the sake of fellow humans.
03:19Gerhard Engel, army adjutant to Hitler.
03:24For many of the crimes committed by Adolf Hitler,
03:31there are no documents that prove their responsibility direct and immediate.
03:36The case of the execution centralized people with disabilities,
03:39known as euthanasia, is a exception.
03:43In the beginning of October, 1939,
03:45Hitler assina uma ordem com data retroativa a 1 de setembro de 1939,
03:51o dia em que começa a guerra.
03:53Com a sua assinatura, autoriza Philippe Böhler,
03:56chefe da chancelaria do Führer,
03:58e o seu jovem médico pessoal, Karl Brandt,
04:00a dar início ao programa.
04:02Reich leader Böhler and Dr. Brandt
04:04are entrusted with the responsibility
04:06of extending the authority of physicians
04:08so that patients who, on the basis of human judgment,
04:11are considered incurable,
04:13can be accorded mercy killing after a definitive diagnosis.
04:18Adolf Hitler.
04:23One day, we were surprised by a report
04:25that a euthanasia operation was underway in Swabia.
04:28Family members received the ashes
04:30with the official notice that the beloved deceased
04:33had unfortunately died quite suddenly of pneumonia
04:35or from an infectious disease.
04:39Through faulty communication of such condolences
04:41and sometimes double deliveries of urns,
04:44unrest was created among the population and the clergy.
04:50Reinhard Spitzi, Austrian member of the SS and NSDAP.
05:00O Bispo de Munster, Clemens August Graf von Gallen,
05:04encontra coragem para expressar publicamente
05:06a sua crítica de forma clara e direta.
05:08Sermon in St. Lambert's Church, Munster, August 3rd, 1941.
05:15So now we must expect that poor, defenseless, sick people
05:20will be killed sooner or later.
05:23Do you or do I only have the right to live
05:26as long as we are recognized as productive by others?
05:29If it is legitimate to kill unproductive members of the community,
05:33then woe betide our brave soldiers
05:36who return home from war with serious battle wounds, as invalids.
05:41If the principle that man is entitled to kill
05:44his unproductive fellow man is established and applied,
05:47then woe betide all of us
05:49when we become aged and thus unproductive.
05:52Clemens August Graf von Gallen, Bishop of Munster.
06:03O protesto corajoso de von Gallen
06:05assenta em críticas concretas e acaba por sortir efeito.
06:09O conflito entre o regime de Hitler,
06:11o Bispo de Munster e outros críticos públicos
06:14fica apenas parcialmente resolvido.
06:16Hitler decide suspender a maior parte do programa de eutanásia
06:19por mais de um ano,
06:20depois de mais de 70 mil pessoas terem sido mortas.
06:24O programa, no entanto,
06:26continua em formas mais discretas,
06:27sendo praticado em sanatórios e lares
06:30até ao final da guerra.
06:40O Führer me chamou para a Reis-Chancellery
06:43em 4h de hoje.
06:45Em começar,
06:46ele passou toda uma hora
06:47descreviando a campanha na Polônia.
06:49The Poles,
06:51only a thin Germanic layer.
06:53Underneath that,
06:54dreadful stock.
06:56The Jews,
06:57the worst that you could possibly imagine.
06:59Only a master's heavy hand could rule here.
07:02Alfred Rosenberg,
07:06director of the Foreign Policy Office
07:08of the NSDAP.
07:15Two days later,
07:16I went to the Warsaw Ghetto.
07:18A brick wall about 8 feet high
07:19had been built around the entire desolate area,
07:22from which all the Aryans had been evacuated
07:25and into which more than 400,000 Jews had been forced.
07:28The entire population of the ghetto seemed to be living in the street.
07:34There was hardly a square yard of empty space.
07:37As we picked our way across the mud and rubble,
07:40the shadows of what have once been men or women
07:42flitted by us in pursuit of someone or something,
07:45their eyes blazing with some insane hunger or greed.
07:50Frequently,
07:51we passed by corpses lying naked in the streets.
07:58Jankowski,
07:59courier of the Polish underground.
08:00Durante muito tempo,
08:08investigadores e procuradores
08:09procuraram uma ordem escrita de Hitler
08:11que autorizasse o exterminio dos judeus europeus.
08:15Obviamente,
08:16nunca foi encontrada qualquer diretiva assinada por Hitler
08:18sobre a chamada
08:19solução final da questão judaica.
08:21Service calendar Heinrich Himmler.
08:24Himmler's lecture notes.
08:26Führer headquarters.
08:28Führer.
08:28Wolfschanzer.
08:29July the 18th,
08:311941,
08:324pm.
08:33Jewish question?
08:34Exterminators partisans.
08:37Restructuring of the Waffen SS.
08:45In any case,
08:47I'm totally convinced,
08:48even without written proof,
08:49that the extermination of the Jews
08:51goes back to a specific order from Hitler.
08:54Because it's unthinkable
08:55that Himmler and Göring
08:56would have carried this out
08:58without his knowledge.
08:59Niklaus von Beelow,
09:02Luftwaffe,
09:03adjutant,
09:03to Adolf Hitler.
09:04Logo após a invasão da União Soviética
09:10pela Wehrmacht,
09:11entram em ação
09:12os esquadrões da morte
09:13compostos por cerca de 3 mil elementos
09:15da Polícia de Segurança
09:17e do Serviço de Segurança do Reich.
09:19A responsabilidade política
09:21recai sobre
09:22Hermann Göring,
09:23a quem Hitler havia delegado
09:24a coordenação
09:25da política judaica.
09:26da Polícia de Segurança do Reich.
09:29If I am asked
09:30whether I knew
09:30about the shooting
09:31of the Jews,
09:32I have to say
09:33that I received
09:33an order
09:34to attend
09:35the shooting
09:35of Jews
09:35as a spectator.
09:37I remember
09:39that we had to be
09:40at the shooting
09:41site
09:41at 8pm.
09:44A Navy
09:44Captain
09:45Lippeyer.
09:46Paris Diary.
09:52Around noon,
09:53an old man
09:54from Lower Saxony,
09:55Colonel Scher,
09:55visited me.
09:58Among the things
09:58he talked about
09:59that were especially horrible
10:00was the shooting
10:02of Jews.
10:03He'd been told
10:03by another colonel,
10:05Tippelskirch,
10:05I believe.
10:09Ernst Junge,
10:11Captain,
10:12Paris,
10:13Diary.
10:13I saw a long,
10:16deep ditch.
10:18SS men
10:18and Lapton police
10:19in plain clothes
10:20wearing armbands
10:21were standing beside it.
10:24The terrain
10:24was overgrown
10:25with bushes
10:25and the ground
10:26was sandy.
10:32We watched
10:33about one and a half
10:34hours of the execution.
10:36During this time,
10:37three to four trucks
10:38were brought in
10:39from the city
10:39to the shooting site.
10:41Then the victims
10:42were driven like cattle
10:43from the truck
10:44to the ditch.
10:46Each time,
10:47five had to march
10:49in single file
10:49into the ditch.
10:52The shooting took place
10:53under the command
10:54of the SS.
10:55The victims
10:56stood facing us.
10:58I can remember exactly
11:00that after the salvos,
11:01the victims collapsed.
11:05A Navy Captain,
11:07Lipaya.
11:07Letter to the SS
11:16and Latvian police chief,
11:18commander of the Riga
11:19police force,
11:20January the 3rd, 1942.
11:24The execution
11:25of the Jews
11:26carried out
11:26in the time frame
11:27of the report
11:28is still the talk
11:29of the local population.
11:31The fate of the Jews
11:32is deplored
11:32numerous times
11:33and at the moment
11:34you hear few people
11:36in favor
11:36of their elimination.
11:42Among other things,
11:44there is a rumor
11:45circulating
11:45that the execution
11:46was filmed.
11:49SS and police chief,
11:51Lipaya.
11:57Memoirs in diary form.
12:00A grim, gloomy mood.
12:02Fuhrer had a long discussion
12:03with Himmler
12:04and afterwards
12:05there was the usual
12:06corresponding atmosphere.
12:10Gerhard Engel.
12:22Hitler never told me
12:24anything about
12:24the treatment
12:25of the Jews.
12:25in foreign policy
12:29the subject
12:30only arose
12:31when the Jews
12:31were to be deported
12:32from some country
12:33or other.
12:37Franz von Sonnleitner,
12:38an SDAP member
12:39after 1939
12:41legation counselor
12:42in the foreign ministry.
12:50Adolf Hitler,
12:52addressed to the
12:52traditional gathering
12:53in the Munich
12:54Burgerboy Keller,
12:56November the 8th,
12:561942.
12:58You will recall
12:59the Reichstag session
13:00at which I declared
13:01if Judaism
13:02imagines for a moment
13:03that it can bring
13:04about an international
13:05world war
13:06for the extermination
13:07of the European races,
13:09the result
13:09will not be
13:10the extermination
13:11of the European races
13:12but the extermination
13:14of the Jews
13:14in Europe.
13:15I was always derided
13:16as a prophet.
13:18Countless numbers
13:19of those who laughed
13:20at the time
13:20are no longer
13:21laughing today.
13:22those who are still
13:23laughing now
13:24will perhaps
13:25not be laughing
13:26much longer.
13:31Danziger Vorposten,
13:32daily newspaper,
13:33May the 13th, 1944.
13:36Jewry records
13:37major losses
13:38in other regions
13:38of Europe.
13:39The core areas
13:40of Jewish settlement
13:41that we found
13:42in Poland,
13:43like those in Warsaw
13:44and Lublin,
13:45have today
13:46been neutralized.
13:46The settlements
13:49of one and a half
13:50million Jews
13:51in Hungary
13:51are currently
13:52being dealt
13:52with in a similar fashion.
13:55Thus,
13:55in these countries alone,
13:56five million Jews
13:57have been eliminated.
14:00In other European countries,
14:01long-standing state measures
14:03against Jewry
14:03are also increasing.
14:04Vilhelm Löbsack,
14:09Provincial NSDAP
14:11Propaganda Director
14:12in Gdansk,
14:13West Prussia.
14:23During a military briefing
14:25around autumn 1944,
14:27the Reich Press chief Dietrich
14:29came up with an English report.
14:31In this newspaper article,
14:32it was alleged
14:33that the Russians
14:34had taken a German
14:35concentration camp
14:36by the name of Majdanek.
14:38Pictures showed racks
14:39on which a large number
14:41of combs could be seen,
14:43well laid out
14:44as foreigners expect
14:45to see in a German institution.
14:47The text said
14:48that people
14:49had been exterminated here.
14:51Dietrich presented
14:52the press report to Hitler.
14:54We stood there
14:54with bated breath
14:55to hear what he would say.
14:57The answer
14:58was swift.
14:59Those are the hands
15:00of Belgian children
15:01chopped off
15:02during the First World War
15:03is nothing
15:04but enemy propaganda.
15:06I believe
15:07that I have quoted
15:07Hitler's statement correctly.
15:09In any case,
15:11we were all relieved.
15:14Franz von Sonnleitner,
15:16after 1939,
15:17legation councillor
15:18in the Foreign Ministry.
15:19On the third day
15:24of the war,
15:25I was wounded
15:26near Grodno.
15:26When I came to,
15:28there were many wounded
15:29lying on the ground.
15:31We were at the mercy
15:32of the German soldiers.
15:33After a while,
15:34those who could move
15:35were driven onwards.
15:36My comrades
15:37grabbed me under the arms
15:38because those who fell down
15:40were immediately shot.
15:44Dmitry Dmitrienko.
15:47Adolf Hitler
15:58occupa
15:59também
15:59o cargo
15:59de Comandante
16:00Supremo
16:00das Forças Armadas.
16:02Nessa qualidade,
16:03é responsável
16:04pelo exterminio
16:04em massa
16:05de prisioneiros
16:05de guerra
16:06soviéticos.
16:08Enquanto
16:08a taxa
16:09de mortalidade
16:09entre prisioneiros
16:10anglo-americanos
16:11varia
16:11entre 1 e 3%,
16:13cerca de 50%
16:14dos soldados
16:15do Exército Vermelho
16:16morrem em cativeiro.
16:18Dos estimados
16:195,3 a 5,7 milhões
16:21de tropas soviéticas
16:22capturadas pelos alemães,
16:24entre 2,5 a 3,3 milhões
16:26não sobrevivem.
16:27Os números exatos
16:28ainda hoje
16:29são objeto de debate.
16:32Só os gravediggers
16:33foram dito comida.
16:35O camp
16:36foi set up
16:36em uma força
16:37densa,
16:37uma força de pão.
16:39Nós cortamos
16:40a barco
16:40com um cão
16:41e nos feijamos
16:42assim.
16:43Depois de um tempo
16:44a toda a força
16:46foi feita.
16:49Boris Sheremet
16:50O comando
16:52do Exército
16:53está plenamente
16:54ciente da situação
16:55e aprova o plano
16:56de deixar
16:57os prisioneiros
16:57soviéticos
16:58morrer à fome.
16:59Em novembro
17:00de 1941,
17:01quando os chefes
17:02de Estado-Maior
17:03dos Exércitos
17:04no Leste
17:04informam
17:05o Intendente-Geral
17:06de que precisam
17:07dos prisioneiros
17:07soviéticos
17:08como mão de obra,
17:10mas que estes
17:10estão a morrer
17:11à fome nos campos,
17:12ele responde.
17:13Prisiones-of-war
17:14que não trabalham
17:15precisam de starve.
17:17Prisiones-of-war
17:18podem,
17:18em alguns casos,
17:19ser fed
17:20army provisions.
17:23Eduard Wagner,
17:24Quartermaster-General.
17:25Letters to Wilhelm Keitel.
17:29The fate
17:31of the Soviet
17:32prisoners of war
17:33is a tragedy
17:33of huge proportions.
17:35The large majority
17:36of them
17:37have starved
17:38or died
17:38from exposure
17:39to the weather.
17:43Alfred Rosenberg,
17:44Minister for the
17:45Occupied Eastern
17:46Territories.
17:48Wilhelm Keitel,
17:49Chief of the
17:50Armed Forces
17:51High Command.
17:51Such doubts
17:52belong to
17:53soldierly concepts
17:54of chivalrous warfare.
17:56Here we are
17:57dealing with
17:57the destruction
17:58of an ideology.
18:00For this reason,
18:00I approve
18:01and support
18:02these measures.
18:03I keep hearing
18:11that Hitler
18:11could not have
18:12known about
18:12everything.
18:14This is sheer
18:15nonsense.
18:15I know from
18:16personal observation
18:17and remarks
18:18by Hitler
18:18that he knew
18:19everything.
18:22Heinzlinger,
18:23valet to Adolf Hitler.
18:33Up until 1940,
18:53Hitler looked younger
18:54than he was in reality.
18:56After that, however,
18:58he aged rather quickly.
19:00Up to 1943,
19:01he looked his age
19:02outwardly.
19:03Later, his rapid
19:04physical deterioration
19:06was obvious.
19:09Professor Dr. Hans-Karl
19:11von Hasselbach,
19:12Deputy Attendant Doctor
19:13to Adolf Hitler.
19:17The death of a human being
19:19didn't bother him at all.
19:21He saw people as the links
19:22in a long chain
19:23and he considered
19:24the first link
19:25to be himself.
19:28Children were,
19:29in his eyes,
19:29only the potential
19:30by which the greater
19:32or smaller living space
19:33of a people
19:34was measured.
19:39Christa Schröder
19:40The soldiers that I met
19:49were not followers
19:50of Hitler
19:50and only served
19:51the Führer unwillingly,
19:53but all approved
19:54of war
19:54as an indispensable
19:56phenomenon of life.
19:58The war is the ultimate
19:58exertion
19:59that you cannot dodge.
20:01This picture
20:02was deeply ingrained
20:03in them.
20:05Wilma Sturm,
20:07journalist and writer.
20:08Diary,
20:15Monday,
20:16July 26th,
20:171943.
20:20Mussolini
20:20has resigned.
20:21He's said to be ill.
20:24Last night,
20:25Hamburg,
20:25Essen and Kiel
20:26were bombed again.
20:30Henrietta Schneider.
20:31While I endeavoured
20:40to establish
20:41worthwhile targets
20:42to Hitler
20:43and the General Staff
20:44of the Air Force,
20:44our enemies launched
20:45five big attacks
20:47on only one major city,
20:49Hamburg.
20:50Although this action
20:51contradicted
20:51all tactical considerations,
20:53it had catastrophic
20:54consequences.
20:58Albert Speer.
20:59Diary of fighter pilot
21:05Hans Ahrens,
21:06born 1921,
21:08killed in action
21:09February 21st,
21:101944.
21:12That first night
21:13of terror
21:13on July 25th
21:15will remain
21:15unforgettable for us
21:17and the majority
21:18of all Hamburg residents.
21:20Personally,
21:21I'm glad
21:22that I experienced it all.
21:24As a soldier,
21:25it led to an ultimate,
21:26resolute hatred
21:27of our enemy.
21:28Letter to Georg Zimmermann,
21:35soldier in Norway
21:36from his mother,
21:37Hamburg,
21:38July 28th, 1943.
21:41Dear Georg,
21:42we are still alive,
21:44but Hamburg
21:44de facto
21:45no longer exists.
21:46No house
21:47left standing,
21:48just mountains
21:49of rubble,
21:50entire streets blocked,
21:51dead bodies
21:52not salvaged,
21:53impenetrable smoke
21:54and fumes
21:55and fires
21:56still burning everywhere.
21:57disintegration
21:58is in progress.
22:00No police anymore,
22:01nothing.
22:03Hamburg is lost forever.
22:07Magdalena Zimmermann.
22:08When I travelled
22:13to the Badine
22:13from Babelsberg,
22:15I met an acquaintance
22:16on the train.
22:17He'd experienced it all
22:18in Hamburg
22:18as an anti-aircraft soldier.
22:20It smelled so strongly
22:22of corpses
22:22that you couldn't get
22:23the stench
22:24out of your nose.
22:25Leaflets were dropped
22:26over Hamburg
22:27with quotes
22:28from the war speeches
22:29of Hitler and Goering
22:30without any comments.
22:34Erich Kessler,
22:36writer,
22:36War Diary.
22:40Hamburg,
22:41July the 30th,
22:421943.
22:45My Haneler,
22:46words can't express
22:47what we are going
22:48through here.
22:49A government
22:50that cannot protect
22:51its women and children
22:52is simply criminal.
22:55My Haneler,
22:56if I could only hear
22:57one word from you
22:58and Georg,
22:59your mother.
23:02Magdalena Zimmermann.
23:07When he travelled
23:09to Bavaria
23:09to the Berghof
23:10or the Führer headquarters,
23:12then he went by train
23:13and at night
23:14with blacked out windows
23:15so that he wasn't faced
23:17with the devastation
23:18from the bombing raids.
23:22Bernd Freitag
23:22von Lohenhofen,
23:23Captain.
23:27During the entire war,
23:31Adolf Hitler
23:31never once visited
23:32a bombed city.
23:35Albert Speer.
23:39Dr. Theo Morel,
23:41Adolf Hitler's
23:41personal physician.
23:43Diary,
23:44September the 23rd,
23:451943.
23:478.15pm.
23:49Examination after dinner.
23:52Strong flatulence,
23:54spasms from agitation,
23:55stomach shows
23:56increased fat formation.
23:59Prescribed a diet.
24:01He admired Morel
24:03and his art
24:04and was in a sense
24:05dependent on him
24:06and his medication.
24:09Albert Speer.
24:12New Year's Proclamation,
24:141944.
24:17The year 1944
24:18will make hard
24:19and heavy demands
24:20on all Germans.
24:21the monstrous events
24:22of the war
24:23will come closer
24:24to crisis this year.
24:26We are fully confident
24:27that we will endure.
24:30Adolf Hitler.
24:36Diary,
24:36May the 27th,
24:381944.
24:39An impression
24:40of an increasingly
24:41destroyed Berlin.
24:43Devastating.
24:45At the same time,
24:46Berliners are sitting
24:47in the sunshine
24:48on chairs
24:48amid the rubble
24:49and debris
24:50on the esplanade
24:51as if it were
24:51peacetime.
24:55Ulrich von Hassell,
24:56diplomat
24:57and member
24:57of the resistance.
25:00Diary,
25:02May the 9th,
25:031944.
25:05Patient A.
25:06Tension headache
25:07left side.
25:08Legs trembling
25:09due to agitation.
25:11Invasion imminent,
25:12but where?
25:15Dr. Theo Morel.
25:19The plutocratic world
25:20of the West
25:21can undertake
25:22its threatened
25:23landing attempt.
25:25Whenever it wants,
25:26it will fail.
25:28Adolf Hitler,
25:29order of the day
25:29to the Wehrmacht.
25:34Hitler was told
25:35of the land
25:36on the morning
25:36of June 6th.
25:38He expressed relief
25:39when he received
25:40the first report
25:40and said now
25:41it would be possible
25:42to beat the enemy.
25:45Niklaus von Bello,
25:46Luftwaffe adjutant
25:47to Adolf Hitler.
25:52The conviction
25:53of the Germans
25:54that we would not
25:54attack in the weather
25:55then prevailing
25:56was a definite factor
25:58in the degree
25:59of surprise we achieved.
26:01In the Omaha sector,
26:02an alert enemy division,
26:04the 352nd,
26:05which prisoners
26:06stated had been
26:07in the area
26:07on maneuvers
26:08and defense exercises,
26:10accounted for
26:11some of the intensive
26:12fighting in that locality.
26:15Dwight D. Eisenhower,
26:17U.S. General,
26:19Supreme Allied Commander,
26:20Europe.
26:25Heinzlinger,
26:27valet to Adolf Hitler.
26:29Among Hitler's habits,
26:31which despite our efforts
26:33couldn't be remedied,
26:34was that he kept asking
26:36what time it was,
26:37above all,
26:38during the war.
26:39I principally only have a stop
26:42at 5 past 12.
26:45Adolf Hitler,
26:46in November 1942.
26:49On July 20th, 1944,
26:51I had received the order
26:52to prepare for the move
26:53of the operations unit
26:54from Mauerwald
26:55to Zossen,
26:56south of Berlin.
26:58It was a hot
26:58East Prussian summer's day.
27:00Mauerwald was located
27:03just 20 kilometers away
27:05from the Wolfschanze,
27:06where Stauffenberg's bomb
27:08exploded around 12.45 p.m.
27:11Bernd Freitag
27:12von Lohenhofen.
27:13I remember thunder
27:20combined with a brightly
27:21flashing flame,
27:22at the same time,
27:24thick smoke.
27:25After a few seconds
27:26of complete silence,
27:28I heard someone call.
27:30It was probably
27:31Field Marshal Keitel.
27:33Where is the Führer?
27:36Heinz Buchholz,
27:37stenographer
27:38in the Wolfschanze headquarters.
27:43There were agitated
27:44calls for a doctor.
27:47A bomb exploded.
27:48Nothing happened
27:48to the boss,
27:49but the hut
27:49was blown sky high.
27:53Christa Schröder.
27:56Heinz Linge.
27:59When I arrived,
28:00I saw Hitler,
28:01who looked at me
28:02inquiringly with big eyes
28:04and stared at my troubled face.
28:06With a calm smile,
28:07he said,
28:08Linge,
28:09someone tried to kill me.
28:13Diary.
28:15Friday,
28:16July the 21st,
28:171944.
28:20The radio broadcast
28:22details of the attack.
28:24The bomb was planted
28:25by a
28:25Count von Stauffenberg.
28:29Around one o'clock,
28:30the Führer spoke
28:31to prove
28:31that he had survived.
28:33What would have happened
28:34if the Führer had died?
28:36The war would be over
28:37and there would be
28:38revolution in Germany.
28:40Henry at a Schneider.
28:46His confidence,
28:47his faith in victory
28:48and his assurance,
28:50but also his power consciousness
28:51and delusions of grandeur
28:53now exceeded
28:55all boundaries of reason.
28:58Traor Lunge,
28:59Hitler's private secretary.
29:00Personal war diary,
29:04October the 7th,
29:051944.
29:07Morning briefing.
29:09Beginning of the attack
29:10on East Prussia
29:10and Budapest.
29:11Long discussion
29:12with Goering.
29:13Station 12
29:14heavy anti-aircraft
29:15batteries immediately
29:16to protect
29:16the Führer's headquarters.
29:20Keitel for relocating
29:22to Berlin.
29:23Hitler against it.
29:25Werner Kreiper,
29:27general of the aviators,
29:28chief of staff,
29:29Luftwaffe.
29:30In the first days
29:35of November 1944,
29:37we moved out
29:38of the Wolfshansa
29:39because the Russians
29:40were close by.
29:43Traor Lunge.
29:52Germany was under
29:53intense pressure.
29:54At the end of 1944,
29:56weapons production
29:56fell sharply.
29:58Trapped in the East,
29:59South East, South and West,
30:01Germany was strategically
30:02encircled
30:03and could not break free.
30:05Nevertheless,
30:05Hitler took one ultimate
30:07measure after the other.
30:08The Nazis suppressed
30:09without mercy
30:10the slightest opposition
30:12to their regime.
30:14It was clear to us
30:16that Germany
30:16was mobilizing
30:17its last forces.
30:19But at the end of 1944,
30:21Germany was still able
30:22to defend itself
30:23and put up serious resistance.
30:25Its military still consisted
30:27of around 17.5 million men,
30:30of whom 5.3 million
30:32were fighting troops.
30:33in the first place.
30:39Georgi Zhukov,
30:41Commander-in-Chief,
30:42First White Russian Front.
30:49At just 19 years old,
30:51Walter was also killed
30:52in action.
30:54I was sitting
30:54on the roof
30:55of our house
30:55that had been damaged
30:56in another bombing
30:57when I saw the postman
30:59bring the death notice.
31:00My aunt called
31:02through the house.
31:03Walter has fallen.
31:06The death of my brother
31:07was a deep shock for me.
31:12Helmet cold,
31:13schoolboy.
31:19Speech to Division Commanders,
31:21December the 12th, 1944,
31:23in Adlerhorst,
31:25near Ziegenberg, Hesia.
31:27If we suffer a few more
31:29really hard strikes,
31:31then this artificially
31:32maintained common front
31:33can suddenly collapse
31:34at any moment
31:35in a huge clap of thunder.
31:40Adolf Hitler.
31:44Hitler revealed the following
31:46to a very limited circle
31:47of listeners.
31:48Due to a noticeable weakness
31:50of enemy forces
31:51in the Eiffel region,
31:53he had decided
31:54to start the attack
31:54from there.
31:56The target had to be Antwerp.
31:59Siegfried Westphal,
32:02Major General,
32:03Chief of Staff
32:03to the Commander-in-Chief West.
32:12On December the 16th, 1944,
32:15General Bradley came
32:16to my headquarters
32:17to discuss ways and means
32:19of overcoming
32:19our acute shortages
32:20in infantry replacements.
32:23Just as he entered my office,
32:24a staff officer came in
32:26to report slight penetrations
32:27of our line.
32:28It was through this same region
32:30that the Germans launched
32:31their great attack of 1940.
32:36Dwight D. Eisenhower.
32:42German tanks have been spotted
32:44north of the city of Luxembourg.
32:46Runstedt has ordered the tanks
32:48to advance through the Ardenne
32:49in nearly the same place
32:51as the Germans penetrated
32:52in May 1940.
32:54They're heading
32:54in the same direction again
32:56to the channel coastline
32:57towards Antwerp
32:58in order to stop the Allies
33:00using the port
33:01through which their main supplies come.
33:05Steffenheim,
33:06Corporal of the U.S. Army,
33:08writer.
33:08It was my opinion
33:15that it was necessary
33:16to play Hitler's last card
33:18to maximum effect.
33:19As a gawker,
33:20I tried to get as close
33:21as possible to the front.
33:23The troops pushing forward
33:24were in a good mood
33:25because low-hanging clouds
33:26prevented any aerial activity.
33:30I was worried
33:31that the weather
33:32would brighten up.
33:36Albert Speer,
33:38Memoirs.
33:38As long as the weather
33:43kept our planes on the ground,
33:45it would be an ally
33:46of the enemy
33:46worth many additional days.
33:51Dwight D. Eisenhower.
33:54Our last major offensive
33:56in the West
33:57with 300,000 men
33:59that were so gloriously
34:00successful at the start
34:01failed in the end
34:03thanks to 10 days
34:04of radiant sunshine.
34:07The Anglo-American
34:08were thus able
34:09to deploy
34:10their overwhelming
34:11air superiority.
34:14Leon de Grelle,
34:16commander of the
34:16Walloonian Waffen-SS.
34:18The Allies had expected
34:25to reach the River Rhine
34:26by Christmas at the latest.
34:29They are den offensive,
34:30prevented that.
34:32But how many men
34:33lost their lives
34:34due to this senseless delay?
34:38Walter Roland,
34:40industrialist,
34:41commissioner for tank production
34:42and ministry of armaments
34:44and war production.
34:50Rudolf Jordan,
34:51provincial NSDAP leader,
34:53defense commissioner,
34:55December the 25th, 1944.
34:58When we were sitting together
34:59one sunny morning,
35:00tears appeared
35:01in my wife's eyes.
35:02Where will we be
35:05at Christmas next year?
35:07This was the question
35:08asked by the mother
35:09of our children,
35:10the question of
35:11the family's fate.
35:12This question would be asked
35:14in the house
35:14of the provincial leader
35:15and everywhere else
35:17in Germany.
35:18I was frightened
35:19because I felt
35:20that the answer
35:20was no longer convincing.
35:22But I had to remain
35:23the same person,
35:25Hitler's deputy,
35:26the spokesman of German hope
35:27until the end.
35:28I know today
35:31that it was the belief
35:33in a miracle.
35:40In the days after Christmas,
35:41it was clear
35:42that the expected success
35:43would not be achieved.
35:45At the end of the year,
35:46the offensive
35:46had to be seen as a failure.
35:50Niklas von Billow.
35:56Adolf Hitler,
35:57at the end of December 1944
35:59to his adjutant,
36:01Niklas von Billow.
36:03I know the war is lost.
36:05Their superiority
36:06is too great.
36:08I will prefer
36:08to put a bullet
36:09in my head now.
36:11We will never capitulate,
36:12never.
36:13We can perish,
36:14but we'll take
36:15the world with us.
36:16The end of the year,
36:44December the 31st,
36:471944,
36:49Luxembourg.
36:51You sat there
36:52with a half-empty glass
36:53in your hand
36:54and listened to the hoarse voice
36:55with the unmistakable accent.
36:58Two or three times
36:59the speaker
36:59almost lost his voice.
37:02He also got his words
37:03mixed up,
37:04and that was always the case
37:05when he got excited.
37:06It was significant
37:08that his throaty bellow
37:09no longer wanted to work
37:11that New Year's Eve.
37:15Stefan Heim,
37:16Corporal of the US Army,
37:18writer.
37:19Adolf Hitler,
37:21last radio address
37:22to the German people,
37:24January the 30th, 1945.
37:25Thus I now appeal
37:27to the entire German people
37:29to gird themselves
37:30with a yet greater,
37:32stronger spirit
37:32of resistance
37:33until we can again,
37:35as before,
37:36put on the graves
37:37of the dead
37:37of this titanic struggle,
37:39a wreath inscribed
37:40with the words,
37:41and yet you were victorious.
37:44I therefore expect
37:45every German
37:45to fulfil his duty
37:47to the utmost,
37:48to make every sacrifice
37:49that will
37:50and must be required.
37:51February the 13th,
37:571945.
37:58The model of Linz
37:59is finally finished.
38:01The extensive model
38:02of the development
38:03of the Danube riverbanks
38:05was now set up
38:06in one of the large,
38:06brightly toned basements
38:07of the new chancellery.
38:09When I led Adolf Hitler
38:10into this room,
38:12he stood for a long time
38:13just looking,
38:14as though overwhelmed
38:15by the general impression.
38:18I moved the spotlight
38:19to the position
38:20of the sun's rays
38:21in the afternoon.
38:23Now he was presented
38:24with the perspective
38:25of how his city
38:26on the Danube
38:27would look
38:28in his retirement.
38:32Hermann Giesle,
38:33general building inspector
38:34for the redevelopment
38:35of the city of Linz.
38:38Not a day went by
38:40when the government quarters
38:41were not attacked.
38:43When a bomb exploded nearby,
38:46the bunker lying
38:47in the groundwater
38:47swayed noticeably.
38:49the light began
38:50to flicker,
38:51so Hitler raised his voice
38:52as if in a dream.
38:54That was close.
38:56Those bombs
38:56could have hit us.
38:58He was noticeably fearful
39:00and didn't feel safe.
39:04Christa Schroeder.
39:04em meados de março
39:10de 1945,
39:12Hitler transfere
39:13quase todas as suas
39:14atividades
39:14para o bunker
39:15sob a chancelaria.
39:17A partir daí,
39:18raramente volta
39:18a ver a luz do dia.
39:19Some time in mid-March,
39:24Eva Braun
39:24arrived at the
39:25Reich's chancellery.
39:27Hitler tried his best
39:28to get her to go back
39:28to Munich,
39:29but she made it clear
39:31that her place
39:31was at Hitler's side
39:32and no one
39:34would be able
39:34to change her mind.
39:38Rojas Misch,
39:39telephone operator
39:40in the Führer's bunker.
39:41April 20th, 1945
39:47was always referred to
39:49as the date
39:49of the last photos
39:50and film segments
39:51of Hitler
39:52and the delegation
39:53of the Hitler Youth.
39:54This is not true.
39:56They are, in fact,
39:57from a different reception
39:58of a delegation
39:59by Hitler.
40:00This took place
40:01on March 20th, 1945.
40:07Artur Axmann,
40:08leader of the Hitler Youth.
40:11It was between
40:183 and 4 a.m.
40:19on April 11th, 1945.
40:22Suddenly, cries were heard.
40:23They grew louder and louder.
40:25We stumbled outside
40:26to discover the cause.
40:28Look, the gate!
40:29Somebody shouted.
40:30The crooked swastika
40:31had disappeared.
40:32Something white
40:33fluttered on the flagpole.
40:34The delightfully
40:35victorious minute
40:36for which our German
40:37comrades had waited
40:38a 4,453 days
40:41and nights
40:42was finally there.
40:44In the evening,
40:45an American infantry
40:46unit arrived.
40:50Thomas Geffer,
40:51German Jew,
40:53prisoner in Buchenwald.
40:54April 12th, 1945.
41:02It will not be
41:03pleasant listening.
41:04I propose to tell you
41:05of Buchenwald.
41:08We reached the main gate.
41:10The prisoners crowded up
41:12behind the wire.
41:14There surged around me
41:15an evil-smelling stink.
41:18Men and boys
41:18reached out to touch me.
41:21They were in rags
41:22and the remnants
41:22of uniforms.
41:24Death had already
41:25marked many of them,
41:26but they were smiling
41:27with their eyes.
41:31Edward Morrow,
41:32radio correspondent
41:33for CBS News.
41:39On April 21st,
41:40our troops reached
41:41the Berlin Autobahn ring.
41:44This success
41:44created favourable conditions
41:46to totally enclose
41:47the fascist capital.
41:52Vasily Chuikov,
41:53general.
42:01That day,
42:02I saw Hitler
42:03only briefly.
42:04The boss
42:05could still not believe
42:06that the Russians
42:06were at the gates.
42:10Rochus Mish.
42:10Sechlin Mecklenburg.
42:17Around 11.50pm,
42:19Hitler calls.
42:20He gives a short lecture
42:22on the situation
42:22and concludes
42:23with the words,
42:25You will see.
42:26The Russians will suffer
42:27the biggest defeat,
42:28the bloodiest defeat
42:29in their history
42:30before the gates
42:31of Berlin.
42:35Karl Koller,
42:36chief of the general staff
42:37of the Luftwaffe.
42:40This date marks
42:48the end
42:48of the Third Reich
42:49for me.
42:52The German Wehrmacht
42:53capitulated
42:54on May 8th, 1945.
42:57But on April 22nd,
42:59a Sunday,
43:01Hitler capitulated.
43:05Rochus Mish.
43:10On April 22nd,
43:13we attended
43:14the status report
43:15at the usual time
43:16in the afternoon.
43:17I recognized immediately
43:18that clouds
43:20as heavy as lead
43:20were hanging
43:21over the room.
43:24Wilhelm Keitel,
43:25chief of the armed forces
43:27high command.
43:28Memoirs.
43:30I have already
43:31reached my decision.
43:33I won't leave Berlin again.
43:35I will defend the city
43:36till the end.
43:37Either I lead the fighting
43:39around the capital
43:40of the Reich
43:40or I perish
43:42with my soldiers
43:42in Berlin
43:43and die in the battle
43:44for the symbol
43:45of the Reich.
43:48Adolf Hitler.
43:51During the status conference
43:52which had been loud
43:53and turbulent,
43:54Hitler had finally
43:55uttered the magical sentence
43:57and since then
43:58repeated it
43:59to everybody
43:59who crept around
44:00the bunker
44:00disbelievingly
44:01the war
44:03is lost.
44:05Rochus Mish.
44:08Gertraud Traudl Junge.
44:10In the small
44:11anteroom,
44:12Hitler stands motionless.
44:13In a distant
44:14and commanding manner
44:15he calls out.
44:17Get changed at once.
44:19In one hour
44:19an aircraft
44:20will come
44:20and take you
44:21to the south.
44:22Everything is lost.
44:24Hopelessly lost.
44:26If a brown
44:26walks up to Hitler,
44:28takes both of his hands
44:30and says
44:31smilingly
44:32and consolingly
44:33as if
44:34talking to a sad child.
44:36But you know
44:36that I'm staying here
44:37with you.
44:38I will not be sent away.
44:40Hitler's eyes
44:41begin to light up
44:42and he does something
44:43that no one
44:44has ever witnessed.
44:45Not even
44:46his most trusted
44:47friends and aides.
44:50He kisses
44:51If a brown
44:51on the lips.
44:58The German army
45:00dissolved
45:01before our eyes.
45:04Winston Churchill.
45:11Gloom and doom
45:12began to spread
45:13throughout the bunker.
45:15Arthur Axman.
45:20The Fuhrer
45:21comes up to me,
45:22shakes my hand
45:23and asks,
45:24Have you rested
45:25a little,
45:26my child?
45:26I'd like to dictate
45:28something.
45:29Get the shorthand pad.
45:32Gertraud Traudeljunge.
45:35My private will
45:36and testament.
45:38As I did not
45:38consider
45:39that I could
45:40take the responsibility
45:41of contracting
45:42a marriage
45:43during the years
45:43of fighting,
45:44I have now decided
45:45before the closing
45:47of my earthly career
45:48to take the girl
45:49who,
45:49after many years
45:50of faithful friendship,
45:52entered the
45:52practically besieged
45:53city of her
45:54own free will
45:55in order to share
45:56her destiny
45:57with me
45:57as my wife.
45:59At her own desire,
46:01she goes as my wife
46:02with me
46:03into death.
46:04What I possess
46:05belongs,
46:05inasmuch as it
46:06has any value,
46:07to the party.
46:09Should this
46:09no longer exist
46:10to the state,
46:11should the state
46:12also be destroyed,
46:13no further decision
46:14of mine is necessary.
46:16Signed,
46:16Berlin,
46:17April 29th,
46:181945,
46:204 a.m.
46:22Adolf Hitler.
46:22April 30th,
46:261945.
46:27I had close contact
46:28with Mornka,
46:29the commander
46:30of the citadel.
46:32Mornka was often
46:33with the troops
46:33on the front line.
46:38On April 29th,
46:39he reported to Hitler
46:40that to the north
46:41the Russians
46:42were a short distance
46:43away from
46:44Weidendammer Bridge,
46:45to the east
46:46in Lustgarten,
46:47to the south
46:47near Potsdamer Platz
46:48and the air ministry,
46:50and to the west
46:51in Tiergarten.
46:51that was only
46:53a few hundred meters
46:54from the chancellery.
46:55When Hitler asked him,
46:57How long can you
46:57hold out?
46:59He answered,
47:0020 to 24 hours
47:01at the most.
47:04Arthur Axman.
47:05On April 30th,
47:131945,
47:14around noon,
47:16Bormann told me
47:16that Hitler's decision
47:17was now firm.
47:19Then Hitler said to me
47:20that he would now
47:21shoot himself
47:22and that Fräulein Braun
47:24would also take her life.
47:26The bodies
47:27were to be buried.
47:28He assigned me
47:29to make the necessary arrangements.
47:31Otto Göncher,
47:35SS Adjutant to Hitler.
47:42My political testament.
47:45I die with a happy heart
47:47in the face
47:48of the immeasurable deeds
47:49and achievements
47:50of our soldiers
47:50at the front,
47:51our women at home,
47:53the achievements
47:53of our farmers
47:54and workers
47:55and the efforts,
47:56unique in history,
47:57of our youth
47:58who bear my name.
47:59Above all,
48:01I obliged the leaders
48:02of the nation
48:02and those under them
48:04to scrupulously observe
48:05the race laws
48:06and to offer
48:07merciless opposition
48:08to the poisoner
48:09of all people's
48:10international jewellery.
48:13Miss Juden,
48:14Berlin,
48:14this 29th day of April,
48:161945,
48:174 o'clock a.m.
48:19Adolf Hitler.
48:20There cannot be
48:27the slightest doubt
48:28that Adolf Hitler
48:29took his life
48:29in the Führerbunker
48:30of the Reich Chancellery
48:32in Berlin
48:32on April 30, 1945,
48:35with his own hand,
48:36namely by a shot
48:37in the right temple.
48:40Cause of death,
48:41District Court 2,
48:42Berchtesgaden,
48:43December 8, 1956.
48:45O criado pessoal
48:51de Hitler,
48:52Heinz Linge,
48:53registra a hora
48:53da sua morte
48:54às 15h50.
48:56Discolheu para o relógio
48:57de pêndulo
48:57que se encontrava
48:58na antecâmara
48:58do gabinete de Hitler.
49:00Já o ajudante,
49:01Otto Gunther,
49:02indica que a morte
49:03terá ocorrido
49:04às 15h30,
49:06hora que viu
49:06no seu próprio relógio.
49:07O que é o relógio?
49:09O que é o relógio?
49:10O que é o relógio?
49:11O que é o relógio?
49:11O que é o relógio?
49:11O que é o relógio?
49:12O que é o relógio?
49:12O que é o relógio?
49:12O que é o relógio?
49:13O que é o relógio?
49:43O relógio?
49:45O relógio?
49:57Ele formou uma doctrine baseada na mistura de fascismo e teorias de race.
50:05O sistema totalitário permitiu agir sem restrição.
50:11A mecanização da militação deu a carta de ataque e surpresa.
50:19Tudo isso levou à repressão e isso, em turno, levou a esses crimes.
50:29Charles de Gaulle, Memoirs.
50:49Música
50:55Música