Scienza & Salute: ‘La nocciola Golosa eccellenza naturale’

  • 9 months ago
(Adnkronos) - E’ frutto ed è seme racchiuso nel suo pericarpo, ovvero in un guscio il cui colore vira dal verde estivo al marrone dell’autunno, stagione nella quale si provvede alla sua raccolta. La nocciola è il prodotto rotondo, compatto e gustosissimo dell'albero di nocciolo, a sua volta appartenente alla famiglia delle Corylaceae. “Di nocciolo esistono diverse varietà, ma le specie più coltivate, anche perché di maggiore rilevanza commerciale, sono il Corylusavellana (nocciolo comune) ed il Corylus americana. Il nome Corylus deriva dalla parola greca κόρυς (córys) che significa 'elmo’, immagine che richiama l’armatura difensiva del frutto del nocciolo avvolto in una sottile lamina fogliosa (brattea)”. E’ questo il focus dell’ultima puntata de Il Gusto della Salute a cura di Mauro Minelli, docente di dietetica e nutrizione umana LUM-Bari “Assai antiche sono le origini della nocciola che sembrano perdersi nella preistoria, risalendo fino all’età del rame. I celti, popolo eterogeneo di derivazione indoeuropea, attribuivano al nocciolo poteri magici, se non addirittura stregoneschi, utilizzandolo nel loro rituali mistico-religiosi. E tali proprietà sono state lungamente riconosciute al nocciolo, tanto che il legno di quest’albero veniva utilizzato per creare i bastoni dei rabdomanti con i quali rinvenire miniere e tesori nascosti. Nella Francia medievale, era usanza regalare un albero di nocciolo agli sposi come simbolo di buon auspicio”, spiega l’immunologo.  “Note per il sapore, la consistenza e la croccantezza, le nocciole, alle quali sarà sempre il caso di accostarsi con misura e senza eccessi in ragione del loro elevato potere calorico, si caratterizzano per un abbondante corredo di acidi grassi polinsaturi, in grado di agire efficacemente sui livelli ematici del colesterolo, ma anche di fibre, vitamine, minerali, importantissimi per il nostro benessere. Ricca è la dotazione di fitosteroli, acido caffeico, epicatechina, quercetina, in grado di neutralizzare i radicali liberi e proteggere le cellule dai danni ossidativi. E poi dalle nocciole si estrae un olio dalle preziose proprietà emollienti, lenitive ed antinfiammatorie - osserva -  Ingrediente estremamente versatile in cucina, le nocciole si prestano ad essere utilizzate in numerose ricette, conferendo sapore e valore nutrizionale alle pietanze”.  “Un’attenzione particolare all’assunzione di nocciole dev’esser posta, tuttavia, dalle persone che soffrono di calcolosi renale considerando la presenza, in questo alimento, di ossalati, sostanze naturali che potrebbero precipitare in cristalli favorendo la comparsa di calcoli renali. Le nocciole contengono vitamina Kche, intervenendo nei processi della coagulazione, impone cautela agli eventuali consumatori di nocciole in terapia con anticoagulanti. Ultimo alert, ma certamente non ultimo per importanza, è quello riservato agli allergici, giustificato dall’appartenenza delle nocciole alla categoria della “frutta inguscio”, alimenti ritenuti in grado di determinare l’insorgenza di reazioni allergiche anche piuttosto severe”, conclude Minelli.

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00:00 They can be considered as a kind of street food of other times,
00:04 although they still remain a very common and widely used alternative snack.
00:10 In the big gatherings of patronal feasts or in religious celebrations with rites and processions,
00:17 but hazelnuts are so much more.
00:20 Let's examine them in detail in this new festive episode of "Gusto della Salute".
00:25 [Music]
00:51 The hazelnut is the seed of Corilus avellana, a species of arborea native to Asia Minor,
00:57 but then widespread in all areas of the world in a temperate climate.
01:01 In Italy it is collected especially in Piedmont, in Lazio, in Campania, in Sicily,
01:07 but the main producer worldwide remains the turkey.
01:12 The hazelnut is a delicious food, very present in the kitchen, very versatile,
01:18 can be consumed alone as a snack, or perhaps associated or added to salads or yogurts,
01:26 or as an ingredient in many recipes, sweets and salads.
01:30 The history of hazelnuts is long, but let our expert on popular culture Marco Renna tell us about it.
01:37 [Music]
01:44 Hazelnuts are known since prehistory. In 3000 BC in China they were cultivated,
01:50 while the young people of ancient Rome, when they went to the Lupanari to live their first love adventures,
01:57 brought as a gift hazelnuts to the women they were clandestinely involved with.
02:04 Going back in history, we come to the time of Marco Polo,
02:09 who in his legendary journey to the Far East had the opportunity to know the goodness of the hazelnuts,
02:16 which were served at the end of the meal in the benches set in his honor.
02:21 There are many traditions still today related to hazelnuts, strong traditions that exist,
02:27 like here in Novoli, where the largest phalaen of Italy and Europe is made in honor of St. Anthony Abbat,
02:34 the phalaen more than 20 meters high. Well, once hazelnuts were consumed at the foot of the phalaen,
02:42 when it was cold, not certainly today with spring temperatures,
02:48 although we are in the month of January.
02:52 I want to greet you by telling you about a delight, the hazelnut ice cream,
02:57 perhaps the most widespread and loved taste by connoisseurs.
03:02 Hazelnuts are a particularly energetic food, like all other nuts.
03:14 They are able to provide an especially high caloric intake.
03:17 100 grams of hazelnuts provide about 655 calories,
03:21 and these derive 88% from lipids, 4% from carbohydrates and 8% from protein.
03:28 As for the lipids, there are mainly monounsaturated fatty acids,
03:32 in particular we have high doses of oleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid,
03:36 but above all hazelnuts are an excellent source of fiber, present for about 8 grams.
03:41 Finally, there are important vegetable compounds in hazelnuts,
03:45 such as phytoestrogens, in particular beta-estradiol, which is very important to reduce cholesterol absorption,
03:51 and then polyphenols, in particular proanthoxyanidins, which are very important for our cardiovascular system.
03:57 And as for the use in the kitchen of hazelnuts,
04:00 they can be used both for taking off, for enriching salty appetizers, but above all for sweets.
04:06 Often not only the grain is used, but also the hazelnut flour.
04:09 Like all dried fruit, hazelnuts also have excellent nutritional properties,
04:22 although due to their high caloric content, their consumption should not exceed 30 grams per day.
04:30 But now let's see in detail what are the main benefits that hazelnuts,
04:35 consumed in adequate quantities, can bring to our body.
04:39 Hazelnuts are rich in essential nutrients, including proteins, fibers, vitamins and mineral salts,
04:50 such as calcium, magnesium and potassium.
04:53 They contain rich reserves of natural antioxidants,
05:00 including especially vitamin E, that is, substances capable of neutralizing free radicals
05:05 and therefore protecting cells from oxidative damage.
05:14 Consuming hazelnuts in adequate quantities can help improve heart health,
05:20 because, contrary to what is usually believed,
05:23 hazelnuts in adequate quantities lower the levels of bad cholesterol,
05:28 contributing to increasing those of good cholesterol.
05:32 Due to their high content of vitamin E, but also of vitamin B9, that is folic acid,
05:43 hazelnuts are able to support, help brain health and slow down cognitive decline.
05:51 Thanks to their fiber and good fat content,
05:59 hazelnuts can help stabilize the hematic levels of glucose and improve insulin resistance.
06:11 The fibers I mentioned earlier, but also the proteins in hazelnuts,
06:17 contributing to increasing the sense of satiety, can help control body weight.
06:24 Vitamin E and other nutrients in hazelnuts can help keep the skin healthy, tonic and elastic.
06:37 The content of calcium and magnesium in hazelnuts can help keep the bones healthy, thus preventing osteoporosis.
06:50 The fibers in hazelnuts certainly help to regulate intestinal travel and improve digestive functions.
07:03 The benefits of hazelnuts
07:06 A particular attention is paid to the contraindications,
07:11 in the sense that we have already said previously that hazelnuts are endowed with a high caloric content.
07:17 Hazelnuts contain oxalates inside, which are natural substances that could precipitate in crystals,
07:25 thus favoring the production of kidney stones.
07:32 Therefore, people who suffer from kidney stones should consume hazelnuts in moderate amounts.
07:37 Hazelnuts also contain vitamin K,
07:40 so people who should be in therapy with anticoagulants,
07:44 since vitamin K is a substance that intervenes in the coagulation processes,
07:50 should always consume hazelnuts in a controlled amount.
07:55 A particular aspect of the contraindications is then aimed at allergies.
08:00 I remind you that hazelnuts are part of the fruit in the shell,
08:04 and the fruit in the shell is a category of foods that can certainly determine the emergence of allergic problems.
08:12 It should be said that in the United States, hazelnuts are considered the main cause of anaphylaxis in allergic children,
08:22 but also in Italy.
08:24 In the field of allergy to the fruit in the shell,
08:27 hazelnuts are the first food capable of determining allergic reactions,
08:33 especially in children.
08:35 Allergic reactions that are not only anaphylaxis, but can also be a little less severe allergic reactions,
08:42 such as the so-called oral allergic syndrome,
08:46 which manifests itself with mouth irritation and, if ever, tongue swelling,
08:50 not as soon as the allergic subject should have eaten a hazelnut.
08:55 This variety of pathological quadriplegics is also linked to the variety of the mosaic of molecular antigens
09:02 that you see in this graph, which are contained in the hazelnut.
09:07 So we certainly use hazelnuts as a great food, but be careful of possible contraindications.
09:15 [Music]
09:44 [BLANK_AUDIO]

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