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(Adnkronos) - La nespola, proprietà e benefici di un frutto 'minore'. La nuova puntata de 'Il Gusto della Salute' è dedicata alla nespola, frutto gustoso che in questo periodo dell'anno fa bella mostra di sé sui banchi delle frutterie e sulle nostre tavole. La rubrica online, coordinata dall'immunologo Mauro Minell

i responsabile per il Sud della Fondazione per la Medicina Personalizzata in collaborazione con Adnkronos Salute, approfondisce i temi legati alle due varietà principali di nespolo, quello comune e quello del Giappone, oramai decisamente più diffuso. "Una volta - spiega Marco Renna, giornalista esperto di cultura popolare - si sceglieva di piantare un albero di nespolo nel giardino di casa perché si riteneva che fosse dotato di poteri magici in grado di tenere lontane streghe e creature della notte. Negli orti dei monasteri la coltivazione di nespole era particolarmente diffusa. Servite in tavola era prassi che fosse l'abate del convento il primo a gustare il frutto a fine pasto e, solo successivamente, il resto della comunità". L'analisi nutrizionale è a cura della biologa nutrizionista Dominga Maio che evidenzia "il grande contenuto d’acqua della nespola, cui si aggiungono proteine e zuccheri, soprattutto fruttosio e glucosio, oltre che fibre, utilissime per le funzioni intestinali - avverte - Cariche di vitamine, le nespole di stagione, buone per preparare anche salse dolci e marmellate, possono essere consumate in qualsiasi momento della giornata in ragione di un loro basso indice glicemico. Tuttavia - avverte la Maio – quando andiamo ad acquistarle, facciamo attenzione che le nespole siano integre, fresche, turgide e con la buccia non avvizzita." 
L'analisi del più ampio impatto salutistico è a cura dell’immunologo Mauro Minelli che sintetizza in pochi punti i segreti della nespola partendo dall’azione protettiva che questo frutto primaverile "è in grado di svolgere su cuore e vasi sanguigni, grazie al potassio e alle vitamine A e del gruppo B che supportano la funzione cardiocircolatoria - osserva l'immunologo - La stessa vitamina A, in forza delle sue capacità antiossidanti, è anche in grado di supportare la funzione visiva esercitando un’azione protettiva sulla retina, e di preservare le mucose e la pelle, schermando quest’ultima dall'invecchiamento o dall'azione nociva di fattori esterni. La nespola svolge pure un'azione di controllo sui livelli ematici di colesterolo, visto che le fibre in essa contenute provvedono a legare i grassi in eccesso impedendone l'assorbimento intestinale. Regola e depura l’intestino - continua Minelli - soprattutto grazie al suo contenuto in pectina, fibra solubile dotata di azione lassativa e, dunque, in grado di agevolare il transito lungo il canale alimentare. Altra funzione, soprattutto sostenuta dai sali minerali contenuti nella nespola, è il supporto all'ematopoiesi e cioè alla formazione degli elementi corpuscolati del sangue, tra i quali in primo luogo i globuli rossi. E poi la nespola, essendo molto ricca d’acqua, favorisce la diuresi così rivelandosi utile a chi soffre di calcolosi renale e facilitando l'eliminazione degli acidi urici in eccesso. Anche in fitoterapia e cosmetologia la nespola trova largo impiego, visto che estratti derivanti dalla lavorazione delle foglie del nespolo vengono utilizzati come mucolitici, espettoranti e decongestionanti, così come per preparare creme antinfiammatorie, lenitive e antirossore".  "Quasi nessuna controindicazione - rimarca - se si esclude la possibilità di una reazione crociata con la bettula, visto che soggetti allergici al polline di quest’albero mangiando nespole potrebbero manifestare fenomeni reattivi all’interno del cavo orale (sindrome allergica orale) o, nei casi più importanti, orticaria e/o disturbi respiratori". Cosa scartare della nespola, si chiede infine Minelli? "Certamente i noccioli, attenzione a non ingerirli perché a causa del loro contenuto in alcaloidi tossici possono provocare una serie di spiacevoli disturbi tra i quali soprattutto vomito e sintomi respiratori più o meno severi", conclude.  

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00:00 "With time and straw, the nests mature",
00:03 recites an ancient but also a bit enigmatic proverb.
00:07 Why "with time", if the yellow nests we all know
00:11 quickly mature in a few weeks at the end of May?
00:15 And why the straw that dries us with the nests?
00:18 Just the time of the opening and this new episode of "Gusto della Salute" can start.
00:23 [Music]
00:48 There are at least two trees of the Nespolo, the common Nespolo and the Nespolo of Japan.
00:55 The common Nespolo, Nespilus germanica, is a plant and a tree belonging to the family of the rosaceae,
01:03 known in Europe since antiquity.
01:06 Its fruits are harvested in October, but are not immediately edible
01:12 due to their strong astringent taste, which in turn is linked to an abundant presence of tannins.
01:19 For this reason, such fruits are put to mature for several weeks in the barns on a straw bed,
01:30 where they gradually mature, acquiring, in addition to their final flavor, also a typical brown color.
01:39 On the other hand, the Nespolo of Japan, Eriobotria japanica,
01:43 is a plant always belonging to the family of the rosaceae, but of slightly larger dimensions than the common Nespolo,
01:50 native to the rain forests of South-Eastern China, but then widespread in Europe and Italy,
01:57 present above all, but not exclusively, in the southern regions.
02:02 Its fruit is the Nespola, which we all know, of a more or less intense yellow color,
02:09 with a white pulp, pleasantly, sweetly acidic, containing two or more seeds of large dimensions,
02:16 which we often consume already under the tree.
02:20 Well, around the Nespola there are several historical news, several historical curiosities,
02:27 and that, like many, are also the nutritional properties of this late spring fruit. Let's see!
02:33 Originary in Asia Minor, the Nespolo, already in the first millennium of the Christian era,
02:46 first arrived in Greece, then in the rest of Europe, and it was at the end of the Middle Ages
02:53 that it spread capillarily throughout the old continent.
02:57 It was chosen to plant a Nespolo tree in the courtyard of its own home,
03:03 because it was believed to have magical powers and was able to keep away the witches and creatures of the night.
03:11 Certainly, the Nespolo was a constant presence in ancient monasteries, gardens and gardens,
03:19 where the brothers cultivated, collected and served these exquisite fruits and raprassi to the table,
03:26 which was the abbot, the first to taste the Nespola, immediately after the meal,
03:33 then, subsequently, the rest of the community.
03:44 Let's now analyze together the nutritional values of Nespola, and let's take into consideration 150 grams,
03:51 which is, let's say, the standard portion suggested in the food diagrams.
03:55 150 grams correspond to more or less two or three medium-sized fruits. And what do they contain?
04:01 They contain a lot of water, about 88.3% of the total amount.
04:06 They also contain carbohydrates, 6%, of which most are simple sugars,
04:12 such as fructose and glucose. Then we have 1% of protein, 1% of fat and 2% of fiber.
04:19 Looking at the micronutrients, we notice that 150 grams of Nespola contain a lot of potassium,
04:25 a lot of phosphorus, but also a lot of vitamins, especially vitamin A, vitamin C and folate.
04:32 When they are in season, we can consume Nespola at any time of the day,
04:37 either at the end of the meal or in snacks, in the afternoon snacks,
04:42 precisely because having a low glycemic index does not suddenly cause an increase in glycemia.
04:48 When Nespola are then quite yellow, they can be collected and distributed on the market.
04:53 In fact, when we go to buy Nespola, we must be careful to choose those with the unripe peel,
05:00 those very hard, just to fully enjoy the nutritional values that Nespola itself contain.
05:08 Nespola, in addition to being a fruit in itself, can be used to prepare sauces
05:13 that can accompany ice creams or other desserts.
05:17 They can be used to prepare jams for a healthy breakfast.
05:21 And in view of the upcoming summer season, real ice cream can be created.
05:27 Thanks to the high water content of Nespola,
05:30 and perhaps by combining them with a yogurt that acts as a protein support.
05:35 Nespola is a false fruit, botanically defined as "apple" or "pear",
05:47 because what we eat is not the real fruit of the Nespola tree.
05:54 Many different are the health peculiarities of this late spring fruit,
06:00 which we will now try to decline, synthesizing them in 10 high points.
06:05 Nespola contain significant amounts of potassium,
06:12 which certainly contributes to regulate the electrolytic balance of the blood,
06:17 thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
06:20 But the vitamins of group B and vitamin A present in Nespola,
06:25 as well as other electrolytes, in addition to potassium,
06:30 such as iron, manganese and copper,
06:33 all substances that support the cardiovascular function.
06:37 The vitamin A contained in Nespola, which I was talking about in the previous point,
06:44 due to its well-known antioxidant ability, is able to perform a protective action on the retina,
06:51 so we can say that Nespola help improve the visual function.
06:56 The same vitamin A contained in Nespola is able to perform a protective action,
07:04 in addition to the retina, also on the skin, on the mucous membranes,
07:08 thus defending them, shielding them from aging and the harmful action of any external factors.
07:14 Nespola help to keep hematic levels of cholesterol under control,
07:23 and this is due to their abundant fiber content,
07:26 which binds the excess fat, preventing intestinal absorption.
07:34 Nespola contain a large amount of pectin,
07:38 which is a soluble fiber with a laxative action,
07:41 so we can say that Nespola help to regulate the intestinal function,
07:46 to regulate the intestinal transit,
07:49 thus also reducing the exposure time of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract
07:55 to toxic substances that could eventually accumulate.
08:02 The mineral salts contained in Nespola,
08:05 iron, manganese, copper, but also magnesium,
08:08 in addition to potassium, already mentioned previously,
08:11 intervene in the mechanisms of the hematopoiesis,
08:15 that is, they significantly contribute to the processes of formation and maturation
08:20 of the corpuscle elements of the blood, especially the red blood cells.
08:24 Due to their abundant water content,
08:30 Nespola are able to perform an important diuretic action,
08:34 so they are particularly useful in patients who should suffer from kidney stones,
08:39 or in patients with hyperuricemia,
08:42 as diuresis certainly favors the elimination of excess uric acids.
08:47 In addition to the fruit, the Nespola leaves also have important beneficial properties,
08:56 in fact, extracts derived from the processing of the Nespola leaves
09:01 are used in phytotherapy due to their mucolytic,
09:06 spectator, decongestant and antitoxic activity.
09:09 Among other things, Nespola leaves are used in cosmetology
09:14 to prepare anti-inflammatory and anti-redness creams.
09:22 There are no particular contraindications to the consumption of Nespola,
09:26 where the possibility of a cross reaction with the betula pollen is excluded,
09:31 that is, subjects who should be allergic to betula,
09:34 eating Nespola, could have some allergic reaction,
09:38 usually inside the mouth, or in rarer cases,
09:42 respiratory or urticaria phenomenology.
09:48 Be careful with the seeds of Nespola,
09:52 the nut, in fact, due to its content of toxic alkaloids,
09:55 can cause effects also particularly severe,
09:59 including vomiting and difficulty breathing.
10:02 (Explosion)
10:07 (Music)
10:10 (Music)
10:14 (Music)
10:18 (Music)
10:22 (Music)
10:26 (Music)
10:30 (Music)
10:33 (bubbles popping)
10:35 [BLANK_AUDIO]

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