Mythes dont les adultes devraient avoir honte de croire

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Transcript

00:00:00You've always heard that water boils faster when you add a little salt.

00:00:05It's a myth, it doesn't make any difference, and even if it was the case, it could be the other way around that water takes longer to boil.

00:00:11However, it can give a better taste to your legs, so why not?

00:00:15Bats are blind.

00:00:17It's wrong.

00:00:18The myth probably comes from the fact that they are nocturnal creatures and that they have extraordinary auditory abilities.

00:00:24They hunt especially when it's dark and rely on a sense called echolocation.

00:00:28But that doesn't mean they are blind.

00:00:30Their eyes are not useless, they are just adapted to low-light conditions.

00:00:35A blue whale is so big that its tongue can weigh as much as a big elephant.

00:00:39Needless to say, these animals are huge.

00:00:41You lose more heat from your head.

00:00:44It's wrong.

00:00:45The real reason why people believe it is that when it's cold, our head is the most likely part of the body to stay uncovered.

00:00:53If we went outside wearing just a t-shirt, we would lose heat from our arms, not to mention our legs, feet and other parts.

00:01:00So, don't forget your hat.

00:01:02The theory of the tongue map states that we have different parts for different tastes.

00:01:07Not really.

00:01:08There are individual taste buds that taste certain flavors more than others.

00:01:12But that doesn't mean that one area tastes sweeter than the other.

00:01:15Studies have shown that all areas of the mouth have sensitive taste buds for all tastes.

00:01:20Look at this blue whale's tongue map.

00:01:23It looks like it has a weakness for plankton.

00:01:25Dinosaurs were giant.

00:01:27That's wrong.

00:01:28Movies show them as huge, scaly lizards.

00:01:30But that's very reductive.

00:01:32First of all, there were many smaller species of dinosaurs.

00:01:35And some of them were as small as a turkey or a pigeon.

00:01:39In addition, some dinosaurs, like the T-Rex, were covered with feathers, especially at the beginning of their lives.

00:01:44Oxygen is colorless.

00:01:46That's partially true.

00:01:47In the form of gas, there is no color.

00:01:49But in solid or liquid form, it has a sky blue hue.

00:01:53Chameleons change color to adapt to their environment.

00:01:57That's wrong.

00:01:58It would probably be very tiring for them.

00:02:01In fact, other factors, such as mood, temperature, or the amount of light they receive, affect their color.

00:02:08When chameleons relax and stretch their cells, the crystals inside are affected by light.

00:02:14These animals use the crystals to communicate with each other.

00:02:17So, for example, darker colors show that they are not in a very good mood.

00:02:21Neanderthals are not our ancestors.

00:02:24That's wrong, although they cohabited with the Homo sapiens at some point, but in different regions of the planet.

00:02:30So they are not just a step in human development.

00:02:33But a different line.

00:02:35They were also quite creative.

00:02:37They used fire, made tools, ate medicinal plants, cleaned their teeth, and many other things similar to our species.

00:02:43Neanderthals probably went extinct because of extreme climate change.

00:02:48Dwarfs can blush.

00:02:50This one is true.

00:02:51They are like us on this point.

00:02:53When they are angry, excited, or even uncomfortable, the skin of their neck and head turns red.

00:02:58Contrary to what their name suggests, black holes are not really holes.

00:03:02These are very dense objects that exert an extremely strong gravitational attraction.

00:03:06Chameleons are super cool animals.

00:03:09And they bend their legs at the level of the knee.

00:03:11That's wrong.

00:03:13In fact, they bend them at the level of the ankles.

00:03:15Because the knees are closer to the body and are covered with feathers.

00:03:18Supermarket apples are fresh.

00:03:20Not quite.

00:03:22In fact, they can be up to a year old, since they are often harvested between August and November.

00:03:27After that, they are covered with wax and dried in hot air.

00:03:30Finally, they are sent to a cold room, and after 6 to 12 months, they are found in supermarket shelves.

00:03:36Bottled water has an expiration date.

00:03:38It's true.

00:03:40But that doesn't mean that it's the water that expires.

00:03:43It's the bottle.

00:03:44The plastic begins to dilute in the water.

00:03:46And unwanted chemical substances appear.

00:03:48The invention of the tea bag was not really planned.

00:03:52True.

00:03:53At the beginning of the 20th century, Thomas Sullivan filled small bags of silk

00:03:57with samples of tea leaves and sent them to his customers.

00:04:00The idea was to open them and throw the tea leaves in the hot water.

00:04:04Many customers thought they were supposed to put their bags directly in the teapot without opening them.

00:04:09The tea bag has undergone several improvements.

00:04:12It has received a string and a paper label at the end.

00:04:15And that's how this brilliant invention was born.

00:04:18The lightning never strikes twice in the same place.

00:04:21It's false.

00:04:22The Empire State Building was once struck 8 times in just 24 minutes.

00:04:26There was a terrible storm, and nothing can generally keep lightning away from the place that was struck.

00:04:32If a place struck has characteristics that attracted lightning in the first place,

00:04:36like the shape of the ground, the stagnant water or the height, it can attract it again.

00:04:41You have so much desire for DNA in your body that you could draw it at a distance from the sun in Pluto for a return trip.

00:04:47It's true.

00:04:48And not just once.

00:04:49But no less than 17 times.

00:04:51But of course, you won't be really the same after doing that.

00:04:54Crocodiles are one of the oldest species in the world.

00:04:58They have existed for 200 million years already.

00:05:01Opossums sleep by hanging by the tail.

00:05:04We can see that in cartoons and on some photos, but in general, they don't.

00:05:09Their tail is actually very powerful,

00:05:12which means that these animals can cling to branches and carry their weight,

00:05:15but only for short periods.

00:05:17Adults are really too heavy to stay in this position for too long,

00:05:21so they won't rest much.

00:05:23Red fish have a memory of 3 seconds.

00:05:26It's false.

00:05:27These colored fish are actually very intelligent.

00:05:29A study has shown that red fish could make the difference between two classical songs.

00:05:33They don't learn very fast, it's true,

00:05:35but after more than 100 sessions, they got there,

00:05:38which wouldn't be possible if their memory only lasted 3 seconds.

00:05:41A certain type of salamander

00:05:43– you just have to read all of this by yourself –

00:05:46can extend its tongue over half the length of its body in only 7 milliseconds.

00:05:51It's true.

00:05:52It's 50 times faster than a wink.

00:05:55We can do several tasks at once.

00:05:57It's false.

00:05:58Check your emails, talk on the phone, cook,

00:06:01it seems that doing several things at the same time allows you to save time.

00:06:04But research shows that multitasking is not entirely possible.

00:06:07Our brain is wired to do one thing at a time,

00:06:10and when we think of doing several,

00:06:12it's more about changing tasks quickly,

00:06:15which can end up taking more time instead of making us gain

00:06:18and reducing our attention capacity.

00:06:20The Earth is not the only planet with water.

00:06:24NASA has discovered that Jupiter is an ocean

00:06:27containing twice as much water as our planet.

00:06:29It's just under a layer of ice.

00:06:31Even Mars has liquid water.

00:06:33It seems that the Earth is round, but is it really?

00:06:36Technically, it has flattened poles,

00:06:38as well as a reflux at the equator,

00:06:40so it's more like an ellipsoid.

00:06:43Zombies really exist.

00:06:45True.

00:06:46Okay, humans can't turn into zombies as we see in the movies,

00:06:50but the animal kingdom has its zombies.

00:06:52For example, there is a type of mushroom

00:06:54that controls ants by spreading specific chemical products in their brains.

00:06:58This pushes the ant to leave its colony

00:07:00to find a place where this mushroom wants to live.

00:07:03The largest waterfall in the world is under the ocean.

00:07:06True.

00:07:07It is located in the North Sea.

00:07:09The cold sea water is denser than the waterfall,

00:07:12and the waterfall is almost three kilometers high.

00:07:15The smallest gap in the world is not larger than a namib.

00:07:18True.

00:07:19True.

00:07:20This gap has the same parts of the body as other insects,

00:07:23such as eyes, wings, brain, legs, and much more.

00:07:26But it is only 0.02 mm long,

00:07:29which, in most cases,

00:07:31makes it smaller than unicellular organisms,

00:07:33also called namibs.

00:07:35Snow can only be white.

00:07:37It's false, and we're not talking about snow near fires.

00:07:41For example, there are mountains where the snow is pink,

00:07:44like Sierra Nevada in California.

00:07:46Its color is caused by a certain type of algae that lives there.

00:07:49Aurora borealis has a sister.

00:07:52True.

00:07:53It's called Aurora australis.

00:07:55And you can see it in the southern hemisphere.

00:07:57The best time to see it is in the winter.

00:07:59More than 99% of the atoms are made up of vacuum.

00:08:03True.

00:08:04If we gathered all the people in the world

00:08:06and we removed all the empty space between their atoms,

00:08:08the earth's population would be in the volume of an orange.

00:08:11Dolphins communicate and call each other by their names.

00:08:14True.

00:08:15They use specific vocal whistling to identify each other.

00:08:19Toilet water rotates in opposite directions in both hemispheres.

00:08:23False.

00:08:24The meaning is the same,

00:08:26whether the toilets are in Australia or France.

00:08:29A snail can take a long nap.

00:08:31True.

00:08:32Some specimens can sleep for about three years in a row.

00:08:36Sharks can detect a tiny drop of blood

00:08:39from miles around.

00:08:41Not quite.

00:08:42Of course, the region of their brain

00:08:44responsible for sensing odors is very developed.

00:08:47But the ocean is really vast,

00:08:49and odorous molecules take time to spread in a liquid.

00:08:52On a beautiful day with favorable currents,

00:08:54a shark can feel its prey at a distance of a few football fields,

00:08:58but not miles away.

00:09:00Finally, penguins ask for their wedding promise.

00:09:03True.

00:09:04They are monogamous, and after choosing a companion,

00:09:06the male gives the female a pebble to show her affection.

00:09:10Each zebra has a unique pattern of stripes,

00:09:14just like humans and their fingerprints.

00:09:17Is this a myth or reality?

00:09:20What do you think?

00:09:24It's true.

00:09:25Each animal wears a striped outfit that is unique to it.

00:09:28It is therefore impossible to find two specimens that are exactly the same.

00:09:32These elegant black and white stripes

00:09:34work as optical illusions

00:09:36to cause confusion

00:09:38between their main enemies,

00:09:40predators and harmful insects

00:09:42such as tsetse flies or snakes.

00:09:44Zebras are probably aware of their fabulous appearance

00:09:47because they take the time to socialize with each other.

00:09:50If one day you see two zebras

00:09:52holding close to each other,

00:09:54it's not that they are fighting.

00:09:56It's a friendly beauty routine.

00:09:58Unlike humans,

00:10:00zebras cannot scratch themselves so easily,

00:10:02so they mutually remove the inaccessible dead hairs.

00:10:05Zebras usually live in herds

00:10:07where smaller family cells are created,

00:10:09made up of a male, several females and their offspring.

00:10:13Each of them has its own unique pattern of stripes.

00:10:17bats are blind.

00:10:19What do you think?

00:10:23No, it's a myth.

00:10:25Being blind like a bat

00:10:27is an anglophone expression

00:10:29based on the idea that these animals do not see correctly.

00:10:31In recent times,

00:10:33that is, before the 21st century,

00:10:35it was thought that bats were blind

00:10:37because of their erratic flight patterns.

00:10:39Many bats use echolocation

00:10:41to orient themselves,

00:10:43which does not prevent them from seeing.

00:10:45Let's move on to the next question.

00:10:47Omars are monogamous

00:10:49and remain in a relationship

00:10:51with the same partner all their lives.

00:10:53True or false?

00:10:55What do you think?

00:10:57Romantics will be disappointed,

00:10:59but this is just a myth

00:11:01made popular by a famous TV show.

00:11:03In reality,

00:11:05omars are not monogamous at all.

00:11:07The dominant males

00:11:09mate with several females.

00:11:11Then, one by one, they disappear

00:11:13to reappear on the table of a restaurant

00:11:15with melted butter.

00:11:17But don't worry,

00:11:19the animal kingdom still has a few sentiments

00:11:21that remain faithful all their lives.

00:11:23Sign, grey wolf, beaver,

00:11:25white-headed pig, gibbon,

00:11:27to name just a few.

00:11:29You can catch locusts

00:11:31by manipulating some frogs

00:11:33or toads.

00:11:35What do you think of this rumor?

00:11:37It's an old myth,

00:11:39probably linked to the fact

00:11:41that toads and frogs

00:11:43both have bumps on their skin.

00:11:45Visibly, these bumps make you think

00:11:47of locusts, but they are only glands

00:11:49that do not secrete any substance

00:11:51likely to cause locusts in humans.

00:11:53There is also much more risk

00:11:55of catching locusts by holding

00:11:57the hand of an infected human

00:12:00Let's continue.

00:12:02Tortoises live inside their carapace

00:12:04and can come out at any time.

00:12:06Is it true or false?

00:12:10It's a myth.

00:12:12There are only fairy tales and cartoons

00:12:14that come out of their carapace as they see fit.

00:12:16But in reality,

00:12:18saying that tortoises live in their carapace

00:12:20is like saying that humans live in their skin.

00:12:22A carapace is not just an empty shell

00:12:24or an independent piece

00:12:26used as a costume.

00:12:28Although tortoises can fit their members

00:12:30inside to protect themselves,

00:12:32the carapace is an integral part

00:12:34of their anatomy.

00:12:36Look at the real structure of its skeleton.

00:12:38The carapace is welded to the bones of the skeleton.

00:12:40The tortoise cannot live without it.

00:12:42This is the same for sea tortoises

00:12:44as for land tortoises,

00:12:46whose carapaces differ

00:12:48according to the environment.

00:12:50Marine tortoises are thinner

00:12:52and more hydrodynamic,

00:12:54while land tortoises are rounder

00:12:57Next question.

00:12:59The fingerprints of sea tortoises are indistinguishable

00:13:01from those of humans.

00:13:03Does this seem plausible to you?

00:13:07Although it seems made up,

00:13:09it is absolutely accurate.

00:13:11If you compare a human fingerprint

00:13:13to that of a sea tortoise,

00:13:15you can hardly tell the difference,

00:13:17even with a microscope.

00:13:19When scientists made this discovery,

00:13:21they warned the police

00:13:23because these adorable little hairy creatures

00:13:25would be seen by medical experts

00:13:27on crime scenes.

00:13:29Scientists assume that the characteristics

00:13:31of sea tortoises' fingertips

00:13:33have recently improved independently

00:13:35over their evolutionary history.

00:13:37Sea tortoises' cousins,

00:13:39such as kangaroos and wombats,

00:13:41do not have the same characteristics.

00:13:43Sea tortoises have probably developed

00:13:45these complicated fingerprints

00:13:47because they help them to grip

00:13:49leaves and branches more easily.

00:13:51Sea tortoises are known to be very demanding

00:13:53They prefer eucalyptus leaves

00:13:55of a particular age.

00:13:57Their sensitive fingers can be evolved

00:13:59as tools to distinguish

00:14:01the right leaves from their texture.

00:14:03Koalas are not the only mammals

00:14:05to have fingerprints similar

00:14:07to those of humans.

00:14:09The fingerprints of chimpanzees and gorillas

00:14:11are also quite complex.

00:14:13Ready for the next question?

00:14:15Ostriches put their heads in the sand

00:14:17to hide from predators.

00:14:19Myth or truth?

00:14:21It's just a myth.

00:14:23Ostriches don't put their heads

00:14:25in the sand when they are threatened.

00:14:27In fact, they never do.

00:14:29This myth spread thanks to

00:14:31the famous expression

00:14:33« make the ostrich's policy ».

00:14:35But in reality, ostriches have to

00:14:37dig holes in the sand for their eggs

00:14:39because they are birds unable to fly.

00:14:41To ensure that they are evenly heated,

00:14:43ostriches put their heads there

00:14:45to turn the eggs from time to time.

00:14:47However, ostriches still have

00:14:49a tendency to flee.

00:14:51When they face a threat,

00:14:53they can let themselves fall on the sand

00:14:55and remain perfectly still

00:14:57pretending to be dead.

00:14:59Red fish don't remember anything

00:15:01after a second.

00:15:03Do you think they have such a bad memory?

00:15:07If you often claim that you have

00:15:09a memory of a red fish to apologize

00:15:11for forgetting something important,

00:15:13we have bad news for you.

00:15:15Multiple studies have shown

00:15:17that red fish could remember

00:15:19things for several months,

00:15:21even more.

00:15:23Researchers from an Israeli university

00:15:25organized the most adorable experiment.

00:15:27For a month,

00:15:29they played classical music

00:15:31while feeding the fish.

00:15:33They thought that this practice

00:15:35would teach the fish to associate

00:15:37the melody with food.

00:15:39After five months,

00:15:41after the end of the learning period,

00:15:43the fish were indeed excited

00:15:45about the music that had been played earlier.

00:15:47Ah, Mozart!

00:15:49Well, where is my food?

00:15:51We don't know exactly where this myth comes from

00:15:53or why it is so popular.

00:15:55But some people suggest that

00:15:57the owners of red fish spread it

00:15:59because they felt guilty of keeping

00:16:01their animals in tiny mouths.

00:16:03Cats and dogs are daltonians.

00:16:05Do you have any expertise on this subject?

00:16:09It's not true.

00:16:11Cats and dogs have a better vision

00:16:13than we thought.

00:16:15This myth is probably an exaggeration

00:16:17because each animal perceives

00:16:19colors differently than humans.

00:16:21Studies have shown that dogs and cats

00:16:23could both distinguish green and blue.

00:16:25They also have more photosensitive cells

00:16:27in their eyes,

00:16:29also called daltonians, than humans.

00:16:31This means that cats and dogs

00:16:33can see much better

00:16:35in low-light spaces.

00:16:37Dogs' eyes have fewer cones,

00:16:39these cells that detect colors.

00:16:41Scientists believe that

00:16:43the approximate vision of dog colors

00:16:45is only one seventh of that of humans.

00:16:47Sharks can only breathe

00:16:49and stay alive when they swim.

00:16:51Does this seem plausible to you?

00:16:55According to a popular belief,

00:16:57sharks can only breathe

00:16:59when they move

00:17:01because swimming helps them push water

00:17:03towards their gills.

00:17:05Although many types of sharks

00:17:07are designed this way,

00:17:09they don't need to swim

00:17:11to push water rich in oxygen

00:17:13towards their gills.

00:17:15Meanwhile, all sharks

00:17:17have no swimming vessels.

00:17:19So if they stop swimming,

00:17:21they will probably sink.

00:17:23But fortunately,

00:17:25a shark's body can't be compressed.

00:17:27That's why fast descents

00:17:29or climbs are safe for them.

00:17:31Sea otters hold hands

00:17:33so they don't get separated

00:17:35during their sleep.

00:17:37It's true,

00:17:39this way of sleeping

00:17:41has a very practical function.

00:17:43Scientists suggest that

00:17:45sea otters have developed

00:17:47this adorable habit

00:17:49to stay close

00:17:51to their mating partners.

00:17:53If you hold the hand

00:17:55of your sea otter friend

00:17:57all night,

00:17:59it will reduce the risk

00:18:01that she will mate

00:18:03with another male

00:18:05and she will give up.

00:18:07Myth or truth?

00:18:09What do you think?

00:18:11Fortunately, it's just a myth.

00:18:13In fact, birds don't recognize

00:18:15their young by their smell.

00:18:17So don't hesitate to put

00:18:19your young back in the nest

00:18:21if they fall.

00:18:23And always hold on

00:18:25to your sea otter friend

00:18:27so you don't get eaten.

00:18:29Water doesn't drive electricity

00:18:31so well.

00:18:33But pure water

00:18:35doesn't exist in nature.

00:18:37It usually contains impurities,

00:18:39minerals and other elements

00:18:41that don't drive electricity.

00:18:43Space is not necessarily

00:18:45cold.

00:18:47It depends on where

00:18:49you measure its temperature.

00:18:51If it's a frozen part

00:18:53of the universe,

00:18:55it can reach a temperature

00:18:57of less than 270°C.

00:18:59But closer to the sun,

00:19:01it can reach more than 120°C.

00:19:03That's why astronauts

00:19:05wear white spacesuits.

00:19:07They reflect the sun's light

00:19:09and protect astronauts

00:19:11from the heat.

00:19:13It's wrong to think

00:19:15that mustard seeds

00:19:17are the smallest.

00:19:19But there are many

00:19:21smaller ones,

00:19:23like the one from the wolf,

00:19:25the one from the coccyx,

00:19:27or the one from the orchid.

00:19:29It certainly has a slight

00:19:31diuretic effect,

00:19:33but scientists have found

00:19:35no proof that coffee drinkers

00:19:37have a higher risk of dehydration

00:19:39than tea drinkers.

00:19:41Elephants are not afraid

00:19:43of mice.

00:19:45In fact, they have a bad eye

00:19:47and move quite slowly.

00:19:49That's why they can easily

00:19:51be surprised by a bird

00:19:53or a small creature,

00:19:55like a mouse passing by.

00:19:57White bread

00:19:59is not necessarily healthier

00:20:01than white bread.

00:20:03The crumb you buy

00:20:05may be brown,

00:20:07but that doesn't mean

00:20:09it's 100% whole wheat.

00:20:11If you want a healthy

00:20:13and nutritious product,

00:20:15read the labels

00:20:17and check the main ingredients.

00:20:19It must be whole wheat

00:20:21or whole wheat flour.

00:20:23Most people think

00:20:25we should forget about plasma.

00:20:27Unlike what we see

00:20:29in science-fiction films,

00:20:31plasma is not a sticky substance.

00:20:33It's more like an electron

00:20:35and a superheated ion,

00:20:37often called ionized gas.

00:20:39Almost any element

00:20:41can turn into plasma

00:20:43if you heat it up enough.

00:20:45But these molecules

00:20:47will break down

00:20:49and it will no longer be

00:20:51the same element.

00:20:53You don't want to drink it anymore.

00:20:55There is practically

00:20:57no difference between

00:20:59the boiling point of salty water

00:21:01and that of pure water.

00:21:03The temperature of salty water

00:21:05rises faster,

00:21:07but it also has

00:21:09a higher boiling point.

00:21:11In addition, by adding salt

00:21:13to the same volume of water,

00:21:15its mass becomes larger

00:21:17and it takes longer to boil.

00:21:19Bananas don't grow on trees.

00:21:21A tree can grow up to 8 meters.

00:21:23It's a plant.

00:21:25It doesn't have fiber,

00:21:27so it can't be considered a tree.

00:21:29It also has stems

00:21:31and massive leaves,

00:21:33but it has no trunk or branches.

00:21:37You might think

00:21:39that diamonds come from coal.

00:21:41But in reality,

00:21:43it's compressed carbon

00:21:45heated to more than 150 km

00:21:47under the surface of our planet.

00:21:49It's only 3 km deep.

00:21:51Georgia is known

00:21:53as a large fish-producing state,

00:21:55but it's California

00:21:57that produces the most in the US.

00:21:59For example, in 2017,

00:22:01this state produced

00:22:03more than 540,000 tons of fish,

00:22:05while Georgia is not even

00:22:07in the top 3.

00:22:09Some people think

00:22:11duck quacking doesn't make an echo.

00:22:13That's not true.

00:22:15All sounds create sound waves

00:22:17that produce an echo.

00:22:19This myth came about

00:22:21because most ducks live

00:22:23in ponds.

00:22:25These zones are usually flat

00:22:27and there's nothing to reflect

00:22:29the sound waves.

00:22:31But even in hills or mountains,

00:22:33the sounds emitted by ducks

00:22:35would be too weak to create

00:22:37a powerful echo.

00:22:39It's the same with any sound.

00:22:41There are tons of diets

00:22:43that encourage you

00:22:45to eat more.

00:22:47And they don't make you gain weight.

00:22:49It all depends on how much you eat.

00:22:51Eating too much sugar

00:22:53can make you gain weight,

00:22:55but instead of avoiding them,

00:22:57you can focus on eating

00:22:59the healthiest foods,

00:23:01like beans, lentils, corn,

00:23:03cereals, or whole wheat bread.

00:23:05Your dog doesn't see the world

00:23:07in black and white.

00:23:09Experts say

00:23:11that dogs' vision is different

00:23:13and that they don't see the same colors

00:23:15as us, but they still see the colors.

00:23:17Some people wear hats

00:23:19in winter

00:23:21because they think

00:23:2390% of their body heat

00:23:25escapes through the head.

00:23:27But we only lose 10% of our heat

00:23:29through the head,

00:23:31so not more than another part

00:23:33of your body, like ankles,

00:23:35neck, or hands.

00:23:37We think the Bermuda Triangle

00:23:39is a very dangerous area

00:23:41to live in.

00:23:43Sailors and pilots

00:23:45tend to lose contact

00:23:47with the rest of the world

00:23:49and disappear forever.

00:23:51But that's just a legend.

00:23:53In fact, the Bermuda Triangle

00:23:55doesn't count more

00:23:57mysterious shipwrecks

00:23:59or disappearances

00:24:01than other navigable routes.

00:24:03One apple a day

00:24:05doesn't really keep the doctor away.

00:24:07It's a wonderful fruit

00:24:09but it's not the only one

00:24:11you need.

00:24:13In addition, if some bacteria

00:24:15or viruses enter your body,

00:24:17apples won't help you,

00:24:19no matter how much you eat.

00:24:21The Great Wall of China

00:24:23isn't the only human structure

00:24:25visible from space.

00:24:27If you're 300 km above it,

00:24:29you can see it.

00:24:31But from up there, you'll also see highways,

00:24:33bridges, dams, airports,

00:24:35and other gigantic constructions.

00:24:37But if you go further into space,

00:24:39you'll only be able to see this wall

00:24:41on radar images and not with the naked eye.

00:24:43Sign language

00:24:45isn't universal.

00:24:47In different countries and regions,

00:24:49there are different variants.

00:24:51For example, in the United States,

00:24:53people use ASL,

00:24:55which is a handwritten alphabet.

00:24:57In the UK, there's BSL,

00:24:59which is a two-handed alphabet.

00:25:01A popular belief

00:25:03is that organic food

00:25:05is harmful and pesticide-free.

00:25:07But in reality,

00:25:09there are pesticides

00:25:11that are approved in organic agriculture.

00:25:13They're naturally occurring,

00:25:15but sometimes as harmful

00:25:17to the environment as their synthetic counterparts.

00:25:19On the other hand,

00:25:21the amount of chemical products

00:25:23in organic and non-organic food

00:25:25is so low that you can eat

00:25:27both types of food without danger.

00:25:29And no study has shown

00:25:31that organic products are more nutritious.

00:25:33You can eat twice in the same place,

00:25:35or at least hit very close.

00:25:37This means that it's extremely dangerous

00:25:39to try to escape danger

00:25:41by hiding in a place hit by a lightning.

00:25:43Find a shelter,

00:25:45don't touch anything metallic or electric,

00:25:47and stay away from windows.

00:25:49You probably think that eating too much sugar

00:25:51hurts your head.

00:25:53But in reality,

00:25:55these words are caused

00:25:57by the rapid decline of your blood glucose.

00:25:59In some people,

00:26:01the rate of glucose drops,

00:26:03and the person has a headache.

00:26:05Natural sugars, like honey,

00:26:07are supposedly better than

00:26:09transformed sugars.

00:26:11But scientists are certain

00:26:13that the biological effect of corn syrup,

00:26:15rich in fructose,

00:26:17is almost the same as that of honey.

00:26:19The problem is that sweets

00:26:21and other sweet products

00:26:23contain more sugar,

00:26:25so more calories.

00:26:27Eating ice cream

00:26:29increases the production of mucus.

00:26:31But experts say

00:26:33that this is not true.

00:26:35On the contrary,

00:26:37ice cream can soothe a sore throat.

00:26:39In addition, ice cream can bring

00:26:41calories that you would not otherwise consume.

00:26:43Tons of people

00:26:45think that toilet seats

00:26:47are full of microbes.

00:26:49It's true that toilets

00:26:51are not the most hygienic places,

00:26:53but toilet seats are cleaner

00:26:55than our cell phones.

00:26:57Infected people

00:26:59have statistically 10 times less germs

00:27:01than our favorite gadgets.

00:27:03It is widely accepted

00:27:05that there are 5 senses.

00:27:07Smell, touch, sight,

00:27:09taste, and smell.

00:27:11But this is not entirely true.

00:27:13You have at least 4 additional senses.

00:27:15It makes sense.

00:27:17You have the sense of orientation in space,

00:27:19the sense of temperature,

00:27:21the sense of balance,

00:27:23and the sense of your physiological state.

00:27:25Your body will need

00:27:27additional blood

00:27:29to digest all this food.

00:27:31But this will not be enough

00:27:33to prevent the muscles

00:27:35of your legs and arms

00:27:37from functioning normally.

00:27:39We use much more

00:27:41than 10% of our brain.

00:27:43It is busy all day and all night.

00:27:45It needs about 20%

00:27:47of our body's resources

00:27:49and never stops completely.

00:27:51Each part of your brain

00:27:53needs to be taken care of.

00:27:55White eggs are not less healthy

00:27:57than brown eggs.

00:27:59The color of the shell depends

00:28:01on the kind of hen that laid it.

00:28:03The nutritional value of the egg

00:28:05depends above all

00:28:07on what the hen ate.

00:28:09A mother bird will never reject

00:28:11her young,

00:28:13even if it has been touched

00:28:15by a human.

00:28:17Almost all birds

00:28:19have a bad odor.

00:28:21There are different factors

00:28:23like your overall health,

00:28:25your level of activity,

00:28:27and the region where you live.

00:28:29It is not the gravity of the Moon

00:28:31that causes the tides.

00:28:33Our natural satellite

00:28:35exerts an attraction

00:28:37on the water of the oceans,

00:28:39but it is 100 million times

00:28:41weaker than the gravitational

00:28:43force of our planet.

00:28:45What creates the tides

00:28:47is the gravitational interaction

00:28:49between the water of the oceans

00:28:51and the earth.

00:28:53Many studies show

00:28:55that this is not true.

00:28:57Some participants

00:28:59continued to cycle

00:29:01until they were 4%

00:29:03of their body weight.

00:29:05Then they immediately

00:29:07drank a glass of water.

00:29:09The first time,

00:29:11it was plain water.

00:29:13The second time,

00:29:15it was sparkling water.

00:29:17The highest mountain

00:29:19on the planet

00:29:21is the Mauna Kea

00:29:23in the Hawaiian archipelago.

00:29:25The Everest

00:29:27is 8,848 meters

00:29:29above sea level.

00:29:31The Mauna Kea

00:29:33is only 4,207 meters high,

00:29:35but it also extends

00:29:37to 6,000 meters

00:29:39under the Pacific Ocean,

00:29:41which means

00:29:43that its largest part

00:29:45is more than 10,000 meters,

00:29:47or more than 1,000 meters

00:29:49apart from the Everest.

00:29:51The chameleon can change color,

00:29:53but it doesn't do it to camouflage itself.

00:29:55This change in color

00:29:57actually helps it regulate its temperature

00:29:59and communicate with its congeners.

00:30:01It is not the temperature

00:30:03that defines the deserts,

00:30:05but the lack of precipitation.

00:30:07Most of the known deserts are hot,

00:30:09but some are icy.

00:30:11They are called polar deserts.

00:30:13They are found in Greenland

00:30:15and Antarctica.

00:30:17The people whose right brain predominates

00:30:19are analytical,

00:30:21and those guided by their left brain are creative.

00:30:23This is at least what most of us think.

00:30:25It is true that the two hemispheres

00:30:27of our brain favor certain tasks.

00:30:29For example, the left is responsible

00:30:31for the languages,

00:30:33but no study has ever proven

00:30:35that people could have a predominance

00:30:37of the right or left brain.

00:30:39When most dogs bark,

00:30:41that's why a lot of people think

00:30:43that's how they sweat.

00:30:45In fact, the sudoriparous glands

00:30:47of dogs are located on the cushions of their paws.

00:30:49They also have other sudoriparous glands

00:30:51all over the body.

00:30:53Dogs lick to evaporate the humidity

00:30:55of their nasal voice, their tongue

00:30:57and the wall of their lungs.

00:30:59This also helps them cool down.

00:31:01Giraffes sleep much more

00:31:03than 30 minutes a day,

00:31:05but not as much as we do.

00:31:07Their sleeping rhythm is quite typical.

00:31:09We discovered that they slept at night

00:31:11and took short naps in the afternoon.

00:31:13A giraffe sleeps about 5 hours a day.

00:31:15When you call someone

00:31:17with your cell phone,

00:31:19the signal does not go through a satellite.

00:31:21Your device is constantly

00:31:23looking for wireless radio signals.

00:31:25It transmits data to and from

00:31:27the Earth's cellular relays.

00:31:29Let's say you call a friend,

00:31:31the closest relay will then connect you

00:31:33to other relays via a huge network of connections.

00:31:35There is a myth

00:31:37that blood turns blue

00:31:39if it lacks oxygen.

00:31:41But this false idea is based on an optical illusion.

00:31:43Blood can look blue

00:31:45because it is seen through layers of tissue,

00:31:47which gives it the appearance of a different color.

00:31:49All comets have no tails.

00:31:51It depends on the location of the comet.

00:31:53If it is far from a star,

00:31:55it will look like a small piece of ice

00:31:57and frozen rocks.

00:31:59But once it approaches a star,

00:32:01the ice begins to disperse

00:32:03because of the solar radiation forming a tail.

00:32:05Sometimes the tail of a comet

00:32:07is too small to be seen.

00:32:09It is impossible to see millions of stars

00:32:11even at night,

00:32:13or being far from any light source.

00:32:15The highest number you can observe

00:32:17with luck, and a good view,

00:32:19is about 3,000.

00:32:21These stars are the closest to our planet

00:32:23and sufficiently bright.

00:32:25A large part of the luminous objects

00:32:27seen in the sky are artificial satellites,

00:32:29planets and distant galaxies.

00:32:31We can develop

00:32:33new brain cells.

00:32:35We don't start our lives

00:32:37with a predetermined number of these cells.

00:32:39There is evidence that our brain

00:32:41continues to produce new cells

00:32:43even at an adult age.

00:32:45At least, this process continues

00:32:47in some regions of our brain.

00:32:49Leave geese alone,

00:32:51but don't be so sure they will do the same.

00:32:53Bees respect human boundaries.

00:32:55If you don't bother them,

00:32:57they won't hurt you.

00:32:59But geese have such a bad temper

00:33:01if you only spend time with them at night.

00:33:03The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

00:33:05is not a zone of large rocks

00:33:07floating at random

00:33:09and constantly colliding.

00:33:11If you were there, you would see

00:33:13how empty and calm it is.

00:33:15Asteroids are so far from each other

00:33:17that the risk of collision is ridiculously low.

00:33:19If you were traveling on a spaceship,

00:33:21its radar would easily detect asteroids

00:33:23and help you avoid them.

00:33:25Honey can spoil

00:33:27if you leave it exposed to the air

00:33:29in a humid environment.

00:33:31Always keep the jar closed

00:33:33and don't let water enter.

00:33:35Your honey will then remain edible

00:33:37for a very long time.

00:33:39These antibacterial properties

00:33:41will not allow any organism

00:33:43to develop inside.

00:33:45The Moon doesn't really have a dark side.

00:33:47This natural satellite

00:33:49is in gravitational lock with the Earth.

00:33:51That's why we always see

00:33:53only the same side.

00:33:55The Sun, the Moon and the Earth

00:33:57are in perpetual motion.

00:33:59Sometimes, this side of the Moon

00:34:01is well lit.

00:34:03Then, the opposite side is in shadow.

00:34:05And vice versa.

00:34:07I hope you found all this instructive.

00:34:09In the early stages of research,

00:34:11scientists recreated the Megalodon

00:34:13as a larger and more dangerous version

00:34:15than the Great White Shark.

00:34:17Films then followed the movement,

00:34:19added some details

00:34:21and ta-da!

00:34:23We have a giant sailor

00:34:25who is 18 meters long.

00:34:27Wait, wait.

00:34:29Megalodons usually measure

00:34:31between 15 and 16.5 meters,

00:34:33and sometimes up to 18 meters.

00:34:35For comparison,

00:34:37a bowling alley is 18 meters long.

00:34:39A school bus is about 13.5 meters long

00:34:41and an average person is 1.78 meters long.

00:34:43So yes, not bad, Megalodon,

00:34:45but not yet 27 meters.

00:34:47Its weight was about 50 to 60 tons,

00:34:49something like 10 adult elephants

00:34:51or even a Boeing 737.

00:34:53But these are only females.

00:34:55Females were almost twice as big as males.

00:34:57Another difference between the film

00:34:59and reality.

00:35:01The Megalodon has nothing to do

00:35:03with the Great White Shark.

00:35:05The Megalodon is indeed the last descendant

00:35:07of a completely different line of sharks.

00:35:09In addition, its species is about

00:35:11three times larger than an average Great White Shark.

00:35:13It has a shorter nose and a much flatter jaw,

00:35:15which almost gives the impression of being crushed.

00:35:17In addition, the pectoral fins of the Meg

00:35:19are longer than those of the Great White Shark.

00:35:21Ancient predators ate a lot,

00:35:23so they needed something

00:35:25to support their weight.

00:35:27However, they both had an excellent sense

00:35:29of smell.

00:35:31So even in prehistoric times,

00:35:33it was not a good idea to bathe

00:35:35with a piece of raw meat in hand.

00:35:37And it is not in danger today either.

00:35:39Whether the guy is hiding somewhere

00:35:41in the depths,

00:35:43what some still think,

00:35:45or that he has disappeared forever,

00:35:47the young cousins will be there to wait.

00:35:49In order to pursue the big marine mammals,

00:35:51they will certainly have things to do together.

00:35:53Well, until the Meg is in a bad mood

00:35:55and accidentally eats his friend.

00:35:57Hey, you never know!

00:35:59These guys had a different style of hunting.

00:36:01The Great Whites preferred to dive

00:36:03directly into their prey

00:36:05and find the softest places,

00:36:07such as exposed legs or the belly.

00:36:09The Megalodon, on the other hand,

00:36:11aimed at the fins and tail.

00:36:13Thanks to its jaws of almost three meters,

00:36:15and what is considered the strongest bite

00:36:17of the Megalodon,

00:36:19its teeth could pierce almost anything.

00:36:21Sometimes, a whole tooth was found

00:36:23stuck in the bone of a larger animal,

00:36:25like a whale.

00:36:27Without the main parts

00:36:29they use to swim,

00:36:31the poor marine animals were then

00:36:33powerless and unable to escape.

00:36:35However, whales only represented

00:36:37a small part of the Megalodon's diet.

00:36:39seals, mermaids,

00:36:41calamari, dolphins,

00:36:43other sharks,

00:36:45and even fish swimming in its mouth.

00:36:47Nothing better than a good snack

00:36:49after a big and tasty dinner.

00:36:51Even giant turtles were not safe

00:36:53in their thick shells.

00:36:55The Megalodon probably took them

00:36:57as a small challenge to face on a daily basis.

00:36:59A diet so varied and in large quantities,

00:37:01the Megalodon had to eat

00:37:03about 1,130 kilos of food per day.

00:37:05No wonder it dominated the ocean.

00:37:07Nearly 300 teeth were distributed

00:37:09on five rows,

00:37:11and it was about clenched jaws

00:37:13that could reach up to 10 centimeters long.

00:37:15Even its name means giant tooth.

00:37:17The Megalodon changed thousands of teeth

00:37:19throughout its life.

00:37:21As Meg's teeth were not very strong,

00:37:23they often fell.

00:37:25It then received new teeth in one or two days,

00:37:27which allowed it to continue its hunting sessions

00:37:29without being seriously interrupted.

00:37:31The same thing happens with modern sharks.

00:37:33New teeth replace those that are damaged or worn.

00:37:35The fall of these teeth

00:37:37is the only thing that allowed

00:37:39scientists to conduct research on the Megalodon.

00:37:41They found them all over the world.

00:37:43Yes, the Megalodons were great travelers.

00:37:45They lived in all the oceans,

00:37:47and their fossils were found

00:37:49on all continents except Antarctica.

00:37:51What? Too cold?

00:37:53As their skeletons were not made of bone,

00:37:55but of cartilage,

00:37:57teeth are the only proof of their existence.

00:37:59They gave scientists

00:38:01a glimpse of many things,

00:38:03including size.

00:38:05Even with modern sharks,

00:38:07scientists determine their size

00:38:09The Megalodon had the strongest bite

00:38:11of all living creatures on Earth.

00:38:13It would be funny to see

00:38:15the clash between the Meg and, say, the T-Rex.

00:38:17Unfortunately,

00:38:19they missed the opportunity to meet

00:38:21and establish a lasting friendship

00:38:23since the extinction of dinosaurs

00:38:25more than 60 million years ago.

00:38:27The Meg, on the other hand,

00:38:29terrified all inhabitants of seas and oceans

00:38:3123 to 2.5 million years ago.

00:38:33Where could the Megalodon live today?

00:38:35Well, he would probably like

00:38:37to live in a place where modern sharks

00:38:39also live, such as Florida, Hawaii, Brazil,

00:38:41South Africa, or any other tropical paradise.

00:38:43When you think about it,

00:38:45it's not bad at all.

00:38:47Meg, will you take me with you?

00:38:49The Meg had no serious competition

00:38:51or natural enemies,

00:38:53but its young were too weak to defend themselves.

00:38:55That's why the supreme predator

00:38:57had to choose warm waters,

00:38:59shallow and without strong currents

00:39:01to raise its babies.

00:39:03These, moreover, were about 2 meters long,

00:39:05and about 1.5 meters thin.

00:39:07Scientists have actually found

00:39:09some teeth of their young.

00:39:11It seems that part of their breeding area

00:39:13is located on the coast of Panama.

00:39:15And it goes back 10 million years.

00:39:17Well, it's time to meet

00:39:19one of the potential rivals of the Megalodon,

00:39:21the powerful Cachalot.

00:39:23From a length of 13.5 to 18 meters,

00:39:25its size makes it a powerful opponent.

00:39:27Modern Cachalots do not have such large teeth,

00:39:29but their ancestors,

00:39:31who lived about 13 million years ago,

00:39:33found the largest of them

00:39:35measuring 12.7 cm wide

00:39:37and 35.5 cm long.

00:39:39It's a bit like the biggest soda bottle

00:39:41that exists.

00:39:43It would be an interesting fight.

00:39:45We are talking here about this giant marine predator,

00:39:47but it is not the only intriguing

00:39:49ancient animal that has traveled in the oceans.

00:39:51In fact, sharks are one of the oldest

00:39:53creatures on our planet.

00:39:55Older than insects, mammals,

00:39:57dinosaurs and even trees.

00:39:59Massive extinctions have destroyed

00:40:01all forms of life on Earth.

00:40:03Giant asteroids have fallen on its surface.

00:40:05Continents have separated

00:40:07and so many other things have happened.

00:40:09But the sharks were there, alive,

00:40:11persevering, apparently without any

00:40:13contact with the outside world,

00:40:15in chill mode, to enjoy their life.

00:40:17The common needle

00:40:19is in fact one of the first animals

00:40:21to have a jaw.

00:40:23They couldn't do much with this jaw

00:40:25since it was only 30.5 cm long.

00:40:27Yep, the Megs wouldn't even bother

00:40:29with this one.

00:40:31And it wasn't even a real shark,

00:40:33there was just a semblance.

00:40:35If you ever wondered what a combination

00:40:37of eel and shark looked like,

00:40:39well, here it is.

00:40:41The eel shark preferred fresh water,

00:40:43up to 1 meter long,

00:40:45and died about 200 million years ago.

00:40:47Since dinosaurs appeared

00:40:49about 230 million years ago,

00:40:51the eel shark was probably there

00:40:53to warmly welcome them,

00:40:55to prepare them a buffet.

00:40:57Unfortunately, it was taken for dessert.

00:40:59If it was still alive,

00:41:01this predator would cause panic

00:41:03on the beautiful sandy beaches

00:41:05during the holidays.

00:41:07It was nicknamed

00:41:09after the Guinsoo knives,

00:41:11due to its huge mouth

00:41:13made up of about 500 teeth

00:41:15like razors.

00:41:17One of the pastimes of this monstrous shark

00:41:19was to attack big turtles.

00:41:21Ok, seriously, what is this

00:41:23shark-turtle story?

00:41:25This shark lived about 300 million years ago

00:41:27and had a head with strange shapes.

00:41:29The strangest thing is their jaws.

00:41:31This shark didn't get rid

00:41:33of its old, worn teeth,

00:41:35but made new ones grow at the back.

00:41:37The front one was then pushed forward

00:41:39and, with age, the shark

00:41:41took on a very strange look

00:41:43of sharp teeth.

00:41:45Scientists still don't know

00:41:47why it had to be like that.

00:41:49Even during the long reign of the Meg,

00:41:51our favorite ancient predator

00:41:53I can't pronounce his name,

00:41:55so I'll just call him Mr. C.

00:41:57Unfortunately, we didn't find enough fossils

00:41:59to get more information.

00:42:01But some research indicates

00:42:03that he had teeth of more than 12.7 cm long.

00:42:05This also implies

00:42:07that he could probably reach 6 meters long.

00:42:09Oh, if only he had left

00:42:11a few more teeth!

00:42:13I guess the Meg wouldn't be

00:42:15the only movie star of this era.

00:42:17Cyprez is Cyprez.

00:42:20Sure, there's nothing more exciting

00:42:22than a space battle full of lasers

00:42:24that cross the darkness of the interstellar void

00:42:26and cause happy flames.

00:42:28But that's not exactly what happens

00:42:30when something explodes in space.

00:42:32This one is essentially empty,

00:42:34which means there's no oxygen

00:42:36like on Earth.

00:42:38And oxygen is an essential component

00:42:40of any combustion process.

00:42:42You're going to tell me that stars burn

00:42:44and explode in supernovas,

00:42:46but that's not quite true either.

00:42:48Stars don't consume oxygen,

00:42:50so they don't burn,

00:42:52but they are the stage

00:42:54for constant thermonuclear reactions.

00:42:56A spaceship could therefore only explode

00:42:58if it was carrying a nuclear power plant.

00:43:00Without that,

00:43:02the only thing you'd see

00:43:04would be a brief flash,

00:43:06dissipating in a blink of an eye.

00:43:08Liquid oxygen,

00:43:10which is often found on space shuttles,

00:43:12burns extremely fast in the space void.

00:43:14As for the boom,

00:43:16the sound travels only through the air molecules

00:43:18that collide with each other.

00:43:20As there is no air in space,

00:43:22the place is absolutely silent.

00:43:24And that's not necessarily a bad thing.

00:43:26Imagine how deafening the sun would be

00:43:28if the sound could travel in space.

00:43:30Despite what many science fiction directors

00:43:32want us to believe,

00:43:34the moon has no dark side.

00:43:36Our satellite has undergone a gravitational lock,

00:43:38which means it is always

00:43:40facing us on one side.

00:43:42The sun is much further away from us

00:43:44than the moon,

00:43:46and we rotate with it around it,

00:43:48warming up and lighting up

00:43:50from all sides successively.

00:43:52This means that once in a while,

00:43:54each side of the moon

00:43:56is illuminated by the sun.

00:43:58Only we can see only one side.

00:44:00While things seem weightless in space,

00:44:02there is actually gravity everywhere.

00:44:04The further away we are from a heavy object,

00:44:06like our planet,

00:44:08the weaker it becomes,

00:44:10but it is always present.

00:44:12Everything that has mass

00:44:14has gravity.

00:44:16Yes, even you and me.

00:44:18But objects in space are so massive

00:44:20that they attract smaller things.

00:44:22That's why the planets in the solar system

00:44:24rotate around the sun,

00:44:26and why our galaxy,

00:44:28the Milky Way,

00:44:30rotates around its own center.

00:44:32Scientists think there is a supermassive black hole there,

00:44:34about 4 million times heavier than the sun,

00:44:36which prevents all the stars

00:44:38and all systems from moving away from each other.

00:44:40Our movie heroes leave the orbit of Mars,

00:44:42board their faithful spaceship

00:44:44and head for Jupiter.

00:44:46They have serious and resolute faces

00:44:48because they know that a threat is waiting for them.

00:44:50The asteroid belt.

00:44:52They maneuver as best they can,

00:44:54avoiding precisely the asteroids

00:44:56that fly at high speed towards them,

00:44:58but one of them still hits them.

00:45:00Well, it's just a scratch, fortunately.

00:45:02In the end, our heroes leave this dangerous area

00:45:04and sponge the sweat off their foreheads

00:45:06with a trembling hand.

00:45:08Well, it couldn't be further from the truth.

00:45:10The asteroids of the belt

00:45:12located between Mars and Jupiter

00:45:14are so few and so far away

00:45:16from each other

00:45:18that if you were to pass by one day,

00:45:20it is possible that you will not see

00:45:22a single one on your journey.

00:45:24There are about 1.5 million significant-sized

00:45:26space rocks in this belt.

00:45:28About half a million.

00:45:30But let's not forget that space is vast.

00:45:32There is still a distance of several million kilometers

00:45:34between two important asteroids.

00:45:36As a result, a chase between two ships

00:45:38sneaking between rocks suspended in the void

00:45:40would not be as fun

00:45:42as we want to make it seem.

00:45:44Space is often described as a dark,

00:45:46cold and desolate place,

00:45:48especially when a movie star

00:45:50leaves the safety of his shuttle.

00:45:52And all this is correct, except for the cold.

00:45:54This would only be true if you were

00:45:56in a very distant corner of our galaxy,

00:45:58without stars nearby.

00:46:00But if you are, for example, in orbit around the Earth

00:46:02and directly in front of the sun,

00:46:04the temperature in the cosmic void

00:46:06is close to 120 degrees.

00:46:08This is why space suits are white.

00:46:10This color reflects the light better

00:46:12than all the others.

00:46:14However, you can literally have very cold

00:46:16in your back if it is not exposed

00:46:18to the sun's rays.

00:46:20Heat does not spread equally in space.

00:46:22And if you do not turn to a source of heat,

00:46:24you will be cold, very cold.

00:46:26And since we are talking about the sun,

00:46:28it always appears yellow in movies.

00:46:30But the color we see from Earth

00:46:32is an optical illusion created by the atmosphere

00:46:34of our planet.

00:46:36Just like for the blue sky during the day.

00:46:38The light of the sun spreads in the atmosphere

00:46:40and distorts, which gives colorful

00:46:42spectacles at dawn and dusk.

00:46:44In the void of space, there is nothing

00:46:46that can refract the light,

00:46:48so that the sun appears as it really is,

00:46:50white.

00:46:52Yes, this incandescent gas ball is as hot as that.

00:46:54There is an intense light in the sky,

00:46:56followed by a trail of smoke,

00:46:58and a burning space rock

00:47:00on the ground, leaving a huge crater

00:47:02carbonized after the impact.

00:47:04Although there was real in this smoke

00:47:06and this crater, the meteorites

00:47:08cannot reach such high temperatures

00:47:10during their fall.

00:47:12A meteorite is an asteroid that,

00:47:14for one reason or another,

00:47:16has entered the Earth's atmosphere

00:47:18and has sufficiently resisted its friction

00:47:20to touch the surface.

00:47:22This happens quite often,

00:47:24but we rarely see these rocks

00:47:26because they are generally very small

00:47:28and if a meteorite fell on a city,

00:47:30its crater would cause its speed

00:47:32and not its heat.

00:47:34They become very hot because of the friction,

00:47:36but not to the point of burning everything

00:47:38to the ground during the impact.

00:47:40Although we love to believe that

00:47:42instantaneous communication

00:47:44between space shuttles and planets

00:47:46is possible, this is not the case.

00:47:48At least not yet.

00:47:50Modern communication systems

00:47:52rely on radio signals,

00:47:54and these are quite slow

00:47:56to send a message.

00:47:58If you wanted to send a message

00:48:00to a very distant galaxy,

00:48:02you would have to wait a few millennia

00:48:04before it arrives,

00:48:06then a few thousand years

00:48:08before receiving an answer.

00:48:10And space is not as crowded

00:48:12and full of events as it is presented

00:48:14in the cinema.

00:48:16It is a rather deserted place

00:48:18where planets, stars and other objects

00:48:20are separated by billions of kilometers of nothingness.

00:48:22Even if you had a spaceship

00:48:24that could travel at the speed of light,

00:48:26most of the time you would only see

00:48:28a black void made up of stars

00:48:30and very distant planets.

00:48:32The distances are immense,

00:48:34even between the closest objects

00:48:36to each other.

00:48:38To better understand,

00:48:40the Moon, which you can see so well

00:48:42at night, is located

00:48:44about 384,400 kilometers from us.

00:48:46This represents almost ten times

00:48:48the circumference of the Earth.

00:48:50Distortion engines can distort space-time

00:48:52in a blink of an eye.

00:48:54It is one of the basic elements of space fiction.

00:48:56We still see spaceships,

00:48:58capable of such a feat,

00:49:00accelerating instantly from zero

00:49:02to faster than light.

00:49:04According to the laws of physics,

00:49:06passengers should at least feel crushed

00:49:08in their seats.

00:49:10More precisely, no one could survive

00:49:12such an acceleration because gravity

00:49:14would be immense for the human body.

00:49:16As long as we have not found a way

00:49:18to reduce these deleterious effects,

00:49:20water is not the rarest

00:49:22and most precious resource in the universe.

00:49:24In fact, there is a huge cloud

00:49:26several million light years away from us

00:49:28and it is entirely made up of water.

00:49:30These reserves would be enough

00:49:32to fill our oceans 140 million times.

00:49:34And many planets,

00:49:36some even in our solar system,

00:49:38seem to contain liquid water.

00:49:40The most precious resource in space

00:49:42is life, and a large number of elements

00:49:44are necessary for its appearance,

00:49:46not just liquid water.

00:49:48Astronauts work on the ISS

00:49:50and science fiction spaceships.

00:49:52And it's true, they need physical activity.

00:49:54But it's not because they have to be very strong

00:49:56to work in space.

00:49:58Gravity is much weaker there

00:50:00and astronauts do not use

00:50:02as much of their muscles as on Earth.

00:50:04So when they go back down,

00:50:06gravity catches up with them

00:50:08and they feel extremely weak.

00:50:10It is to mitigate these effects

00:50:12that they train every day.

00:50:14It is often said that it is possible

00:50:16to see a star in the night sky

00:50:18at a distance of about 3,000.

00:50:20The other bright spots you see

00:50:22are luminous objects

00:50:24that are confused with stars,

00:50:26planets, distant galaxies

00:50:28and even artificial satellites.

00:50:30These objects are simply illuminated

00:50:32by real stars or the moon

00:50:34and become visible.

00:50:36But because they are so far from us,

00:50:38we can't know if they are stars or not.

00:50:40But it's still pretty cool,

00:50:42you have to admit it.

00:50:45False.

00:50:46If carrots are rich in vitamin A,

00:50:48which is good for eyesight,

00:50:50you won't have a night vision either.

00:50:52In the 1940s, the British army

00:50:54invented a new radar

00:50:56and to keep it secret,

00:50:58it told everyone that it was thanks to carrots

00:51:00that soldiers could see at night.

00:51:02Diamonds are not rare stones.

00:51:04True.

00:51:05Diamonds may have great value,

00:51:07but they are not as rare as we think.

00:51:10It is advertising that has made

00:51:12very common stones something extraordinary.

00:51:15If you want a really rare stone,

00:51:17the penny will fill your eyes

00:51:19and empty your wallet.

00:51:21It costs about 50,000 dollars a carat.

00:51:24Fruit loops all have different flavors.

00:51:27False.

00:51:28It is useless to avoid the color you don't like,

00:51:31because they all have the same flavor.

00:51:33Even Kellogg's has confirmed

00:51:35that each cereal has the same taste

00:51:37of mixed fruit.

00:51:39Throwing a coin from the top of the Empire State Building

00:51:41can injure a person below.

00:51:43False.

00:51:44Even falling from very high,

00:51:46a coin will never pick up enough speed

00:51:49to injure the person it lands on.

00:51:51It is better to keep it in your pocket.

00:51:54The moon has a black side.

00:51:57False.

00:51:58No, the moon is not part of the dark side of the force.

00:52:02If it always shows us the same face,

00:52:04it is because we always look at it from the same side.

00:52:07But the hidden side is not always in the shade.

00:52:11The Kleenex were designed for gas masks.

00:52:14True.

00:52:15Originally, Kimberly Clark designed a thin cotton substitute

00:52:19that was to be used as a filter.

00:52:21In 1924, Kleenex began to be sold in the United States

00:52:26as makeup wipes,

00:52:27to finally become the small tissues we all know.

00:52:31Chocolate is bad for your health.

00:52:34Fortunately, it is false.

00:52:36If too much chocolate, like too much of anything,

00:52:39can actually be bad,

00:52:41eating it in moderation is even very good.

00:52:44But not just any chocolate,

00:52:46only dark chocolate.

00:52:47Yum!

00:52:49The greasy weekends allow you to catch up on lost sleep.

00:52:53False.

00:52:54As comfortable as your bed is on a Sunday morning,

00:52:57you will never catch up on lost sleep.

00:53:00Irregular sleep can reduce your concentration and performance.

00:53:04If you feel fresh when you wake up,

00:53:06it is because you have slept enough.

00:53:08Zombies exist.

00:53:09True.

00:53:10No human has ever turned into a hungry zombie,

00:53:13as we see on TV.

00:53:14But they do exist in the animal kingdom.

00:53:17A mushroom with a very complicated name

00:53:20is able to control ants thanks to chemical substances.

00:53:23Under its grip, the ant leaves its family

00:53:26to find a branch or a very specific leaf.

00:53:29Then it lets the mushroom nibble it

00:53:31until it comes out of it

00:53:33in order to release its spores into the world.

00:53:35Appetizing.

00:53:37The largest living organism is the blue whale,

00:53:40the African elephant,

00:53:41or Chekvilonile.

00:53:43False.

00:53:44Although all of them are very imposing,

00:53:46the honey mushroom, or armillera,

00:53:48is not from far away.

00:53:50A specimen of 5.5 km long,

00:53:536.5 times the Burj Khalifa,

00:53:55exists in the United States.

00:53:57And it continues to grow.

00:53:59What is good is that it is edible.

00:54:01Does anyone like to break it?

00:54:03Dwarfs can roar.

00:54:05True.

00:54:06Just like humans,

00:54:07dwarfs roar when they are excited,

00:54:09angry, or even sick.

00:54:11The skin on their heads and necks

00:54:13can turn red or blue.

00:54:15The carcass of carcasses that hang from their necks

00:54:17is called the fanon.

00:54:18It also turns bright red

00:54:20when the dwarf is excited.

00:54:22But not at Thanksgiving.

00:54:24We only have 5 senses.

00:54:26False.

00:54:27There is no exact number.

00:54:29Some speak of 5, 7, 14, 24,

00:54:33or even 57 senses.

00:54:35The main ones are sight, hearing,

00:54:37smell, taste, and touch.

00:54:39But there is also movement,

00:54:41the perception of the body's position,

00:54:43temperature, balance,

00:54:45and inner state,

00:54:46like when you feel your heart beating.

00:54:48For example,

00:54:49close your eyes and touch your nose.

00:54:51This is called proprioception,

00:54:53or perception of the position of parts of the body.

00:54:56Dwarfs are blind.

00:54:58False.

00:54:59In fact, dwarfs see better than us at night.

00:55:02It's different from daylight,

00:55:04because they only see in black and white.

00:55:06This myth may be born from the fact

00:55:08that bats use a sonar to move.

00:55:11Unicorns exist.

00:55:13True.

00:55:14They're not just horses.

00:55:16They're deers that have only one horn

00:55:18due to a genetic anomaly.

00:55:20This could explain the origin of the unicorn legend

00:55:23that was formed a long time ago.

00:55:26Honey never perishes.

00:55:28False.

00:55:29If it stays in the air in a humid environment,

00:55:31it will even rot.

00:55:32But as long as the lid stays in place

00:55:34and no water is added,

00:55:36the honey should stay intact.

00:55:38Thanks to its antifungal and antibacterial properties,

00:55:41no organism can live there.

00:55:43Whatever its age,

00:55:45if it is well stored,

00:55:46it will remain perfectly edible.

00:55:48Oranges are always orange.

00:55:51False.

00:55:52The sweet orange is a hybrid of tangerine and pomegranate,

00:55:55which has a greenish skin to protect it from the sun.

00:55:58In warmer climates, like in Southeast Asia,

00:56:01oranges remain green even when ripe.

00:56:04There are insects in the strawberry frappuccino.

00:56:08True.

00:56:09But not anymore.

00:56:10A dye made up of tiny crumbled insects

00:56:13called caterpillars

00:56:14is used by many companies

00:56:16to obtain the red colour.

00:56:18But Starbucks stopped using this dye

00:56:21in its strawberry frappuccinos in 2012.

00:56:24Firefighters use more humid water.

00:56:27True.

00:56:28To increase efficiency in the fight against fires,

00:56:31firefighters have recently started adding

00:56:33certain chemicals to their water.

00:56:35These wet agents reduce the surface tension of the water,

00:56:38which facilitates its propagation

00:56:40and its impregnation power.

00:56:42Leave the wasps alone,

00:56:44and they will leave you alone.

00:56:46False.

00:56:47If it works for bees,

00:56:48it is not the case for the yellow wasp.

00:56:50Known as one of the most aggressive wasps,

00:56:52they sting without being provoked,

00:56:54even if you pass by their nest by chance.

00:56:57So when you see wasps,

00:56:59just let them go.

00:57:01The Eiffel Tower was to be demolished after 20 years.

00:57:05True.

00:57:06The Eiffel Tower was initially designed

00:57:08to highlight French industrial power

00:57:10during the Universal Exposition.

00:57:12But antennas were skillfully placed at the top

00:57:15to make it too useful to be demolished.

00:57:18Bees prefer dirty hair.

00:57:21False.

00:57:22Bees don't really look for cleanliness.

00:57:24They just need human hair,

00:57:26even if it's as greasy as a french fry.

00:57:28Bees feed on scalp,

00:57:30and their hair is just enough for them to hang on.

00:57:33Camel bumps are water reserves.

00:57:35False.

00:57:36Camels do not store water,

00:57:38but fat in their tissues.

00:57:40These reserves allow them to survive

00:57:42for several days in the desert

00:57:44without having to eat.

00:57:46However, they drink large amounts of water at the same time,

00:57:49and they store it in their blood.

00:57:51You have to drink 8 glasses of water a day.

00:57:54False.

00:57:55It is important to hydrate yourself,

00:57:57especially in hot weather.

00:57:59But sometimes we forget that all drinks

00:58:01are mainly made of water,

00:58:03even tea and coffee.

00:58:05Your body is the best indicator

00:58:07to know when you should drink water.

00:58:09Are you thirsty?

00:58:10Then it's time to drink a glass.

00:58:12An elephant never forgets.

00:58:14True.

00:58:15Having the largest brain of all terrestrial animals,

00:58:18elephants should logically have an excellent memory.

00:58:21And this is the case.

00:58:23Memorizing all their territories,

00:58:25which are their friends,

00:58:26and knowing where to find water

00:58:28is crucial for the social structure of elephants.

00:58:30So they have, without a doubt,

00:58:32a better memory than you and me.

00:58:34By the way, where are my keys?

00:58:37Bananas grow upside down.

00:58:39True.

00:58:40Bananas naturally grow towards the sun.

00:58:42That's why they are curved.

00:58:44So that would mean that we have been

00:58:46living in a bad way all this time?

00:58:48Maybe.

00:58:50In English, no number before 1000

00:58:52contains the letter A.

00:58:54True.

00:58:55You can try all these tricks if you want,

00:58:57but you can trust me on words.

00:59:00The Guinness Book of Records

00:59:02was created to set the record straight.

00:59:04True.

00:59:05The first Guinness Book of Records

00:59:07was published in 1955

00:59:09after a dispute over the fastest pen holder in Europe.

00:59:12The Director General of the Guinness Brasserie

00:59:14realized that there was no book

00:59:16about futile questions.

00:59:18So he created his own,

00:59:19and the rest is part of the story.

00:59:22We eat real wasabi

00:59:24when we buy it in Japan.

00:59:25False.

00:59:26When you eat tasty sushi,

00:59:28the green paste that goes with it

00:59:30is not always wasabi.

00:59:31It's raefort.

00:59:33Real wasabi is very expensive,

00:59:35and it tastes sweeter.

00:59:36If it's not prepared in front of you,

00:59:38it's not.

00:59:40Do chameleons only change color

00:59:42to camouflage themselves?

00:59:43No.

00:59:44They can also do it

00:59:45to reflect their mood.

00:59:46This way,

00:59:47males display a bright color

00:59:48to show their dominance,

00:59:49and they become darker

00:59:50when they are aggressive.

00:59:52Chameleons also change color

00:59:54to adapt to different temperatures.

00:59:56A cold chameleon

00:59:58becomes darker

00:59:59to absorb more heat,

01:00:01while a hot chameleon

01:00:03becomes pale

01:00:04to reflect the sun's rays.

01:00:06An urban legend states

01:00:08that if you drop a penny

01:00:10from a skyscraper,

01:00:11it will destroy

01:00:12everything below it.

01:00:13Researchers have found

01:00:14that this is not true.

01:00:15When a piece falls,

01:00:16it can't pick up enough speed

01:00:17to cause permanent damage

01:00:18to anything,

01:00:19especially because of

01:00:20wind resistance

01:00:21and the rotation of the piece.

01:00:23In short,

01:00:24it's not a reason

01:00:25to throw money out the window.

01:00:27Some people still believe

01:00:29that water chases

01:00:30turn in the opposite direction

01:00:31in the southern hemisphere.

01:00:32Some things are beautiful

01:00:33and beautiful,

01:00:35Some things are beautiful

01:00:36and well affected

01:00:37by the rotation of the Earth,

01:00:38like the Gulf Stream

01:00:39or hurricanes,

01:00:40but water chases

01:00:41are much too small.

01:00:42Water chases

01:00:43can turn in both directions,

01:00:44whether they are

01:00:45in the northern hemisphere

01:00:46or in the southern hemisphere.

01:00:47The determining factors

01:00:48of the direction of water chases

01:00:49are the design

01:00:50of the toilet bowl

01:00:51and the pressure of the water.

01:00:53There is a popular saying

01:00:55that says that lightning

01:00:56never strikes twice

01:00:57in the same place.

01:00:58It's false.

01:00:59Lightning often strikes

01:01:00very close to the same place.

01:01:02It usually chooses

01:01:03the highest point

01:01:04and the most pointed.

01:01:06Researchers have discovered

01:01:07that the Empire State Building

01:01:08is struck by lightning

01:01:09nearly 100 times a year.

01:01:11And a number of people

01:01:12have been struck

01:01:13more than once,

01:01:14or even much more.

01:01:15So if you're tall and pointy,

01:01:16be careful!

01:01:19There is a common belief

01:01:20that bats are blind.

01:01:22Bats actually have

01:01:23a better vision

01:01:24than humans at night,

01:01:26although humans can see

01:01:27more clearly during the day.

01:01:29Maybe this myth was born

01:01:30because bats

01:01:31depend a lot

01:01:32on their ears to move,

01:01:34or because bats

01:01:35see the world

01:01:36in black and white.

01:01:38Do red fish

01:01:39really have a short memory?

01:01:41While most people

01:01:42say they live 7 seconds,

01:01:43in reality,

01:01:44red fish can remember

01:01:45certain things

01:01:46up to 7 months.

01:01:48Without a good memory,

01:01:49red fish that live in nature

01:01:50would never find food.

01:01:53Have you ever heard

01:01:54that a mother bird

01:01:55rejects her offspring

01:01:56if she has been touched

01:01:57by a human?

01:01:59It would be absurd

01:02:00since most birds

01:02:01do not have a very developed

01:02:02sense of smell.

01:02:03They would never be able

01:02:04to identify the smell

01:02:05of a human.

01:02:06The vulture is an exception

01:02:07to this rule.

01:02:08It has a performing sense of smell,

01:02:09but who would want

01:02:10to touch a vulture baby?

01:02:12It seems that

01:02:13bats put their heads

01:02:14in the sand

01:02:15when they are scared.

01:02:16No, they don't.

01:02:17This myth is probably

01:02:18born because

01:02:19the bat's head

01:02:20is disproportionately small

01:02:21compared to its body.

01:02:23So, from afar,

01:02:24it looks like the bat

01:02:25has its head

01:02:26stuck in the sand.

01:02:27But if it really did that,

01:02:28it would faint

01:02:29by not being able

01:02:30to breathe.

01:02:32Another widespread myth

01:02:33is that opossums

01:02:34hang from branches

01:02:35with their tails.

01:02:36The opossum uses

01:02:37its tail to climb trees,

01:02:39but its tail

01:02:40cannot support its weight.

01:02:42Even an expert opossum

01:02:43in gymnastics

01:02:44could only hang

01:02:45for a few seconds

01:02:46at most.

01:02:47Legend has it

01:02:48that a penguin

01:02:49falls backwards

01:02:50when it looks

01:02:51at a passing plane.

01:02:52It's too cute.

01:02:53But penguins

01:02:54can maintain their balance

01:02:55no matter what happens,

01:02:56even when looking at the sky.

01:02:57However,

01:02:58low-altitude flying planes

01:02:59can make penguins

01:03:00flee from their nests

01:03:01and cause panic.

01:03:03Do dogs really sweat

01:03:04by salivating?

01:03:05No, they sweat

01:03:06through their cushions.

01:03:08But salivating and

01:03:09halting help them

01:03:10regulate their

01:03:11body temperature.

01:03:13Cat owners

01:03:14may think that

01:03:15a cat only purrs

01:03:16when it's happy.

01:03:17But cats also purr

01:03:18when they're hungry,

01:03:19when they're in distress,

01:03:20or when they recover

01:03:21from an injury.

01:03:23Researchers think

01:03:24purring could be

01:03:25one of the tips

01:03:26for self-healing.

01:03:27In a way,

01:03:28it helps their bones

01:03:29and muscles

01:03:30to function better.

01:03:32Legend has it

01:03:33that if you fall

01:03:34on a fly,

01:03:35there's only

01:03:36one possible way out.

01:03:37You'll be sluggish

01:03:38for a long time.

01:03:39In reality,

01:03:40flies prefer to flee

01:03:41rather than spread

01:03:42their precious fluids.

01:03:43This smelly spray

01:03:44is their last

01:03:45line of defense.

01:03:46Before that,

01:03:47they usually

01:03:48tap their feet

01:03:49and tail

01:03:50to ward off any danger.

01:03:52Do you think

01:03:53there's an alpha wolf

01:03:54in every pack?

01:03:55That's wrong.

01:03:56Contrary to

01:03:57popular belief,

01:03:58wild wolves

01:03:59don't practice

01:04:00this kind of social hierarchy.

01:04:01They live in

01:04:02family groups,

01:04:03like humans,

01:04:04where the parents

01:04:05are the bosses

01:04:06and the kids

01:04:07have to do

01:04:08what they're told.

01:04:09There's a myth

01:04:10that says

01:04:11owls can turn

01:04:12their heads

01:04:13360 degrees.

01:04:14This would

01:04:15cause them

01:04:16serious damage.

01:04:17But they can

01:04:18turn their heads

01:04:19more than

01:04:20180 degrees

01:04:21thanks to

01:04:22the unique

01:04:23structure

01:04:24of their neck bones.

01:04:25If you ever

01:04:26see an owl

01:04:27on a map,

01:04:28you can tell

01:04:29that it's

01:04:30a tortoise.

01:04:31The shell

01:04:32of a tortoise

01:04:33is a living

01:04:34and sensitive part

01:04:35of their body

01:04:36with a nervous

01:04:37system.

01:04:38If the shell

01:04:39is damaged,

01:04:40it can even

01:04:41endanger

01:04:42the life

01:04:43of the tortoise.

01:04:44In the past,

01:04:45people thought

01:04:46that unwashed

01:04:47horses were

01:04:48the ideal habitat

01:04:49for owls.

01:04:50But owls

01:04:51don't discriminate.

01:04:52They can live

01:04:53in any type of hair.

01:04:54All they really want

01:04:55is to be able

01:04:56to eat.

01:04:57They are

01:04:58full of nutrients

01:04:59like fiber

01:05:00and vitamin C.

01:05:01But is that

01:05:02really enough?

01:05:03When it comes

01:05:04to food hygiene

01:05:05for a food

01:05:06that has fallen

01:05:07to the ground,

01:05:08the 5-second rule

01:05:09doesn't make sense.

01:05:10There should be

01:05:11a rule

01:05:12for where

01:05:13the food

01:05:14has fallen.

01:05:15In general,

01:05:16if you drop

01:05:17food on the floor

01:05:18of your kitchen,

01:05:19it will

01:05:20collect

01:05:21less bacteria

01:05:22than if you

01:05:23drop it

01:05:24on the floor

01:05:25of your kitchen.

01:05:26You can tell

01:05:27by the smell

01:05:28that the food

01:05:29has fallen

01:05:30on the floor

01:05:31of your kitchen

01:05:32and that

01:05:33you have

01:05:34to

01:05:35turn

01:05:36it over

01:05:37and

01:05:38put

01:05:39it

01:05:40back

01:05:41again.

01:05:42You can't

01:05:43really

01:05:44drop

01:05:45food on the floor

01:05:46of your kitchen

01:05:47when there

01:05:48are

01:05:49bacteria

01:05:50in the kitchen.

01:05:51That's

01:05:52not

01:05:53when the weather is cold, but the temperature has nothing to do with the recovery time.

01:05:58Do we really only use 10% of our brain?

01:06:01It seems that this is the case for some people.

01:06:04But no, scientists who have studied brain imaging

01:06:07claim that they do not show large dormant areas of the brain.

01:06:10As for whether humans still have a long way to go to reach their full potential,

01:06:15it seems more accurate.

01:06:17One of the golden rules of childhood is not to jump into the pool just after eating,

01:06:21but practicing any sport after a big meal

01:06:24can put you as uncomfortable as doing a few long hours.

01:06:27In addition, if you are afraid of having a cramp in the pool,

01:06:30it can happen at any time, not just after a meal.

01:06:34Do shaved hair grow back darker and thicker?

01:06:37Researchers say no, but shaving gives your hair a foamy tip

01:06:41that can make them look thicker.

01:06:43As for the color, this new darker beard is just an illusion.

01:06:48Some people are convinced that eating turkey gives them a feeling of drowsiness.

01:06:53It is true that turkey contains a chemical that can cause drowsiness,

01:06:57but so does chicken and beef.

01:06:58Turkey is one of the favorite foods for big family parties,

01:07:02so this drowsiness is probably due to the huge amount you ingested.

01:07:08The myth that people lose most of their body heat by their head

01:07:12was probably invented by a hat maker.

01:07:14Scientists say that we lose about 10% of our body heat by our head.

01:07:19We lose most of our heat by our skin, no matter where it is.

01:07:24Have you heard the saying that the full moon can affect your mind in one way or another?

01:07:29Researchers think that the light of the full moon can affect your sleep,

01:07:32which can affect your mood.

01:07:35Did the Vikings really wear these superb horned helmets?

01:07:39There is no tangible proof to support this statement.

01:07:42This myth probably comes from music books,

01:07:44trying to enhance the look of these heroes.

01:07:48If you want to see a Viking with a helmet,

01:07:50go see the American football team of the Minnesota Vikings.

01:07:54Some people think that Einstein was not good at math at school.

01:07:58Einstein himself denied this theory by saying that he mastered calculus at the age of 15.

01:08:02But Einstein did not manage to enter the school of his choice

01:08:05because he failed in language in his first attempt.

01:08:08In math, however, he managed by hand.

01:08:12One year for a human is not the same as one year for a dog.

01:08:16You have probably heard that dogs age 7 times faster than us,

01:08:19but it's not that simple.

01:08:22A dog that has been living for a year is actually already 31 years old.

01:08:27It will probably even have its own little puppies running around.

01:08:31But this is where it gets complicated.

01:08:34Two human years does not necessarily mean that your dog is 62 years old.

01:08:39Your companion should have about 4 years in our calendar before reaching old age.

01:08:44A 4-year-old dog will have about the equivalent of 50 years,

01:08:46but a 7-year-old dog will have 62,

01:08:49and an 8-year-old dog will only have 64.

01:08:54Thus, they grow older faster at first,

01:08:56but slower as time goes by.

01:08:59The next time you celebrate the birthday of your best friend,

01:09:01make sure to put a lot of candles on the cake

01:09:04and buy even more gifts than you would normally do.

01:09:08Another very common idea is that dogs are daltonians.

01:09:11They are not, but they do not see the colors exactly like us.

01:09:16They have trouble distinguishing red from green.

01:09:19Everything looks like a mixture of gray, brown, blue and even yellow.

01:09:25It is because they lack, in their eyes,

01:09:26one of the three photoreceptors necessary to fully perceive the colors.

01:09:32You cannot teach an old dog a new trick.

01:09:34Wrong!

01:09:35Due to their advanced age,

01:09:36they may need more perseverance from you,

01:09:39but this is not impossible.

01:09:42The key here is to be as positive as possible.

01:09:45If you see that he does not feel well at the moment,

01:09:47it does not matter.

01:09:48Let him rest and after a while,

01:09:50you will be able to resume the training session.

01:09:53Rewards must always play an important role in this test.

01:09:56Once Max has managed to speak,

01:09:58give him his favorite treat.

01:10:00Then, he will obey on command

01:10:02every time you ask him.

01:10:04This dog has shoes.

01:10:05They may seem useless,

01:10:07but today it is 32 degrees outside.

01:10:11Imagine that you have to walk barefoot on the asphalt in this heat.

01:10:14You will feel like walking on lava.

01:10:16And for your dog, it's the same.

01:10:18Some dogs are better equipped to face different weather conditions,

01:10:22but dog shoes can prevent your little companion from getting his feet dirty.

01:10:27It's the same thing in winter.

01:10:28When it's freezing cold,

01:10:30you won't walk around without a jacket.

01:10:32So make sure your friend is also warm.

01:10:35Dogs that have a lot of fur

01:10:37do not need to get their hair cut to feel lighter.

01:10:40They have what is called a undercoat.

01:10:42In winter, it thickens,

01:10:44which gives your companion an additional layer of protection against the cold.

01:10:48Then, in spring, your dog loses part of his fur.

01:10:52It is this same undercoat that will keep your dog comfortable

01:10:54during the hot days.

01:10:56When you shave the fur of a dog,

01:10:58the new layer that arrives may be more frizzy or tangled.

01:11:02It is preferable to leave it as it is.

01:11:04You can also always find different alternatives to keep it cool.

01:11:08Leave it in the shade when he is outside

01:11:10and always bring a bottle of fresh water with you

01:11:13so that your friend is always refreshed.

01:11:16At home, you can put damp towels so that he can lie down on it.

01:11:19If you have a garden, you can also start watering

01:11:22and let Max run freely.

01:11:24He will exercise and have a lot of fun.

01:11:27Not all dogs are great swimmers,

01:11:29but all dogs love to swim.

01:11:31If your dog does not know how to swim,

01:11:33it may be because he has a bulky chest and a big head.

01:11:36In fact, it may be that he is not even able to stay afloat.

01:11:40In this case, buy him a swimming vest specially designed for dogs.

01:11:45Some people might say that a slightly open window

01:11:47is enough to leave a dog in a car.

01:11:50This is not true, because if he spends only a few minutes

01:11:52in a very hot or very cold car,

01:11:54it can have serious consequences

01:11:56on the health of your best friend.

01:11:58Some countries even allow you to let a dog out of a car

01:12:01if you see him in it, to let him breathe.

01:12:04If your dog does not support the factors,

01:12:06it may be because he is trying to protect you.

01:12:09He barks because he is trying to warn you,

01:12:12Meuth's boss, that the bad guy is coming.

01:12:15You can remedy this by introducing them to each other.

01:12:18In this way, your dog will recognize him as a friend

01:12:21and not as a villain.

01:12:23Unlike you, your dog does not bark because he is sleepy.

01:12:26Barking is his way of showing his anxiety.

01:12:29If he does not like cats and there is one in the corner,

01:12:32he could start barking.

01:12:34Or maybe there is a new person in the house

01:12:36and Max does not feel comfortable in his presence.

01:12:39Or you take your dog to play with another one,

01:12:41but they do not get along.

01:12:43Max does not stop barking because he is angry.

01:12:46Barking is also a way to show you

01:12:48that he is out of patience.

01:12:50It may be time for you two to go.

01:12:53Dogs eat grass when they are sick,

01:12:55but this is not always the case.

01:12:57If you surprise your dog by eating grass

01:12:59while you have been talking to a friend for far too long,

01:13:02it probably means that he is just bored.

01:13:05He also does it to rebel

01:13:07or simply because it's fun.

01:13:09It will not be a problem if the grass is not treated.

01:13:11In any case, just make sure he does not eat too much.

01:13:14Otherwise, go to the vet.

01:13:17Even a little bit of chocolate is toxic for your dog

01:13:20and must be hidden at all times.

01:13:23This includes cocoa powder and chocolate.

01:13:26It also applies to cats.

01:13:28If you suspect that your dog has eaten a large amount of chocolate,

01:13:32take him immediately to the vet.

01:13:35Well-trained dogs will do what they are supposed to do

01:13:38and obey orders.

01:13:40But do not think that a dog will never bite.

01:13:42It can act at the cost of emotion.

01:13:44Imagine that your dog is afraid.

01:13:46You put him in an uncomfortable situation

01:13:48with a lot of new faces.

01:13:50It has been going on for a while

01:13:52and Max is no longer able to control his emotions.

01:13:54At that moment, a new person tries to reach him

01:13:57to caress him and get punished.

01:13:59Nothing bad, but it was unexpected.

01:14:01Maybe he felt that he needed to be on the defensive.

01:14:04Thinking that he protects you and guards you

01:14:06is another reason why a dog can bite.

01:14:10Or if he feels too intimidated by the person in question.

01:14:14You have two dogs and you are about to enter your house.

01:14:17One of them is waiting for you in his bed.

01:14:19He does not show any particular emotion

01:14:21or shake his tail.

01:14:23The other arrives running to the door.

01:14:25He moans, jumps and shakes his whole body

01:14:28running around you.

01:14:30This does not mean that he loves you more.

01:14:32It just means that he is not yet well trained.

01:14:36Shaking the tail does not always mean that your dog is excited.

01:14:39You can observe the tail of a dog

01:14:41to understand what he feels.

01:14:43If he holds his tail high but does not move it,

01:14:45he is on alert,

01:14:47but it is also to affirm his leadership.

01:14:49If the tail is always held high but it moves,

01:14:52it means that the feelings have changed a bit.

01:14:55He is alert but happy.

01:14:57He always tries to show that he is the boss,

01:14:59but he also feels excited.

01:15:03When his tail is between his legs, your dog is afraid.

01:15:06Or if there is an alpha male in the parishes,

01:15:08it can mean that your companion accepts his leadership.

01:15:11A tail stretched outwards

01:15:13means that the dog is absorbing new information.

01:15:16To feel the room.

01:15:17He does not react, however.

01:15:19He remains neutral.

01:15:23If the tail of a dog moves quickly,

01:15:25it means that he is excited.

01:15:27The more he shakes his tail quickly,

01:15:29the more excited he is.

01:15:31Slow shaking is synonymous with insecurity.

01:15:34This can be due to the presence of another dog

01:15:36or a person.

01:15:38Now imagine that your dog is shaking his whole body.

01:15:41You can even see his pelvis move.

01:15:43This means that he is friendly.

01:15:45This can happen when you are in the elevator

01:15:47and he sees his best friend.

01:15:51The worst of all shaking

01:15:53is an extremely fast and vertical tail shaking.

01:15:56When he does this,

01:15:58your dog can be aggressive with others.

01:16:00He may feel territorial towards you.

01:16:03It is preferable to withdraw.

01:16:06If the tail of your dog moves to the right,

01:16:08it means that he is rather relaxed,

01:16:10while a tail that moves to the left

01:16:12means that he is a little nervous.

01:16:14Eating before swimming does not cause cramps.

01:16:17Everyone has heard that you have to wait

01:16:19at least 30 minutes after eating

01:16:21to go in the water.

01:16:23And that if you did not wait,

01:16:25you risk having cramps or worse,

01:16:27to drown yourself.

01:16:29In reality, this is not true.

01:16:31Our body is perfectly adapted to swim

01:16:33while being refreshed.

01:16:35If you still happen to have a cramp in the water,

01:16:37for whatever reason,

01:16:39relax and let yourself float.

01:16:41Everything will be fine.

01:16:43Manipulating a toad

01:16:44or a frog will not give you cramps.

01:16:46Cramps are caused by a certain virus

01:16:48that is only carried by humans.

01:16:50This myth is born because of the texture

01:16:52of the rough and wrinkly skin

01:16:54of toads and arboreal frogs.

01:16:56Be careful, if frogs do not give cramps,

01:16:58they can be venomous,

01:17:00so avoid manipulating them.

01:17:02We do not accidentally swallow

01:17:048 spiders a year while sleeping.

01:17:06This old legend is totally unfounded.

01:17:08It is not true.

01:17:11This old legend is totally unfounded.

01:17:13Most people sleep with their mouths shut,

01:17:15so in the unlikely case

01:17:17that a spider would reach your face,

01:17:19it would not have the opportunity

01:17:21to enter your mouth.

01:17:23And if you sleep with your mouth open,

01:17:25it is very likely that you will snore,

01:17:27which creates sufficiently strong vibrations

01:17:29to make the entire spider flee.

01:17:31Bananas do not grow on trees.

01:17:33We actually call the plant

01:17:35on which bananas grow a banana tree.

01:17:37But it is actually a herb.

01:17:39Strangely,

01:17:40it is closer to the family of ginger.

01:17:42These trees are actually

01:17:44only fat plants in the form of stems,

01:17:46such as aloe vera,

01:17:48jade trees or cacti.

01:17:50The banana itself is also,

01:17:52technically speaking,

01:17:54a bay, just like the pumpkin,

01:17:56the cucumber and the avocado.

01:17:58Sitting too close to a TV

01:18:00will not damage your eyes.

01:18:02We have all been told

01:18:04not to sit too close to the TV

01:18:06or the computer,

01:18:08because it can actually cause

01:18:10temporary eye fatigue.

01:18:12But long-term problems are rare.

01:18:14If you are myopic,

01:18:15there is a good chance that you will remain it,

01:18:17whether you are sitting too close or not.

01:18:20You do not lose most of your body heat

01:18:22by the head.

01:18:24Although this may seem to be the case in winter,

01:18:26our body loses heat everywhere.

01:18:28It is better to wear a hat

01:18:30because your head is more exposed to the cold,

01:18:32unlike the rest of the body,

01:18:34which is kept warm

01:18:36by its thick skin.

01:18:38A swallowed chewing gum

01:18:40will not stay in your body for 7 years.

01:18:42However, you must absolutely avoid

01:18:44swallowing a chewing gum,

01:18:46because it is clearly not good for your body.

01:18:48But if you do it by accident,

01:18:50you will be happy to learn

01:18:52that it will not stay in your body

01:18:54for 7 long years.

01:18:56You can not completely digest the chewing gum,

01:18:58but all that will happen

01:19:00is that the chewing gum will leave your body

01:19:02naturally in a few days.

01:19:04Our tongue does not have

01:19:06bitter, sweet, bitter, umami or salty

01:19:08on our tongue.

01:19:10This giant muscle can taste everything,

01:19:12so you do not have to worry about

01:19:14chewing certain foods

01:19:16in specific parts of your mouth.

01:19:18Digital fingerprints may not be unique.

01:19:20Surprising, isn't it?

01:19:22This reasoning is in fact very simple.

01:19:24We can not check all fingerprints on Earth,

01:19:26so it is difficult to know

01:19:28if they are really unique to each individual.

01:19:30Related people

01:19:32may have fairly similar fingerprints,

01:19:34and there are more than 7 billion individuals

01:19:36on the planet,

01:19:38so it is almost impossible to verify.

01:19:40Sushi does not mean raw fish.

01:19:42Even if many people think so,

01:19:44sushi comes from a Japanese word

01:19:46which means bitter rice.

01:19:48And it is the rice that is at the heart of each sushi.

01:19:50That's why you can also find

01:19:52sushis containing cooked fish.

01:19:54It's a common debate,

01:19:56but it turns out that sharks

01:19:58do have a tongue

01:20:00which is quite different

01:20:02from the one found in humans.

01:20:03For example,

01:20:05the tongue of the bull shark

01:20:07does not help much to feed.

01:20:09Instead, it supports

01:20:11some of the bones around its gills.

01:20:13You can swallow watermelon seeds.

01:20:15Watermelon is the perfect fruit for summer,

01:20:17but worrying that a plant grows in you

01:20:19can spoil your fun.

01:20:21Do not worry,

01:20:23seeds cannot survive

01:20:25and grow in gastric acid.

01:20:27Watermelon seeds are actually

01:20:29rather good for you.

01:20:31Flies live longer than 24 hours.

01:20:33They live for a few days,

01:20:35even years.

01:20:37These nasty domestic flies

01:20:39live much longer than you think,

01:20:41sometimes up to a month.

01:20:43So trapping one in a room

01:20:45will not make it disappear faster.

01:20:47This simply means

01:20:49that you will no longer have access

01:20:51to this room for a long time.

01:20:53Fresh fruits and vegetables

01:20:55are not better than frozen fruits.

01:20:57Having fresh products

01:20:59rather than frozen

01:21:01fruits and vegetables

01:21:03is a real challenge.

01:21:05Most fresh products

01:21:07travel in trucks,

01:21:09boats and planes

01:21:11and are processed.

01:21:13Once arrived,

01:21:15they are often covered

01:21:17with pesticides

01:21:19to keep their freshness.

01:21:21On the other hand,

01:21:23frozen fruits and vegetables

01:21:25are immediately frozen,

01:21:27which keeps all their nutrients

01:21:29and minerals.

01:21:31You can not see the Great Wall of China

01:21:33from the Moon.

01:21:35The only thing you can see

01:21:37from the Moon is the Earth,

01:21:39which is essentially white,

01:21:41with blue and yellow and green vegetation.

01:21:43No object made by man

01:21:45is visible from so far.

01:21:47In low Earth orbit,

01:21:49however, you can see

01:21:51infrastructure day and night.

01:21:53These are mainly main roads,

01:21:55airports, dams

01:21:57and reservoirs.

01:21:59Hey, I can even see

01:22:01the same place more than once!

01:22:03The myth that says otherwise

01:22:05has existed for a long time,

01:22:07but it is simply not true.

01:22:09The lightning strikes everything

01:22:11that attracts it as many times as it can.

01:22:13This means that in many cases

01:22:15it is more likely that it strikes twice.

01:22:17Just look at the Empire State Building

01:22:19during a storm.

01:22:21It is struck more than 100 times a year.

01:22:23Saturn's rings are not full,

01:22:25even if it is tempting to think so

01:22:27by seeing a picture of the planet.

01:22:28It is a particle of rock and ice

01:22:30that varies in size.

01:22:32As small as a grain of sand,

01:22:34as large as a house.

01:22:36Good luck trying to walk

01:22:38on these rings!

01:22:40Cracking your joints

01:22:42will not cause arthritis.

01:22:44Many people are afraid

01:22:46of cracking their joints

01:22:48because of their loved ones.

01:22:50The most common myth

01:22:52is that it causes arthritis.

01:22:54This is not true at all.

01:22:57It does not hurt to wake a sleeping bull.

01:22:59In fact, the most dangerous thing

01:23:01for a sleeping bull

01:23:03is to let him continue to wander.

01:23:05Bringing him to bed

01:23:07so that he does not get hurt

01:23:09is the best way to make sure

01:23:11that nothing happens to him.

01:23:13We permanently use

01:23:15most of our brain.

01:23:17Much more than the famous 10% myth.

01:23:19Especially you,

01:23:20the nice fan of the channel,

01:23:22although some parts of the brain

01:23:24studied by scientists, we have enough to refute this idea.

01:23:28In fact, we activate and deactivate certain parts of our brain, and we poison in different

01:23:34parts when they are necessary.

01:23:35We have not yet unlocked secret powers, but we hope to be able to find something

01:23:40one day.

01:23:41Bears don't really sleep for their long months of hibernation.

01:23:46They actually go into what is called torpor.

01:23:49This means that they slow down the processes of their body, but are still able to react

01:23:54to all the stimuli that surround them.

01:23:56If you see one sleeping during the winter, make sure to keep your distance.

01:24:01Chameleons change color to show their mood and to communicate.

01:24:06They are known to be the masters of camouflage, but often they don't even use this

01:24:10special aptitude.

01:24:11They actually change color to show that they feel a strong emotion.

01:24:15When they are agitated and opposed, they turn black.

01:24:19When they are happy, they take a green hue or a bright blue.

01:24:24The sun is not a fireball.

01:24:26Our star does not burn, as we think, like a log in a fire or like a gas cooker.

01:24:31It shines because it is a giant ball of gas, with a nuclear fusion that takes place in

01:24:36its heart.

01:24:37Our sun is not yellow or white either, it shines in green-blue.

01:24:41The human eye sees all the colors of the rainbow around it and mixes them all to

01:24:46obtain the famous golden yellow of the sun.

01:24:48Dogs see more than black and white.

01:24:52Asking dogs to read an eyepiece or to choose colors would give little result.

01:24:57But scientists have managed to understand the vision of dogs.

01:25:00These animals see the world through a basic color scheme, yellow, blue and gray.

01:25:05Not just black and white.

01:25:07It seems that they do not have the ability to see the color range from green to red.

01:25:14Running after a tennis ball is linked to movement and smell more than the color of the ball.

01:25:21Salt does not boil water faster.

01:25:23The little pinch you put in the water of the legs makes no difference compared to the time

01:25:28necessary for the water to come to a boil.

01:25:30The same goes for oil, which pretends to prevent your legs from sticking.

01:25:34It does not work, but it is still worth adding if you want to make sure that the water does not overflow.

01:25:40Vikings probably never wore helmets.

01:25:44As impressive as it may seem, helmets were not practical for the Vikings.

01:25:50This look was created for an opera costume in the 19th century and has remained since.

01:25:55Some Vikings were able to use it, but archaeological discoveries rather suggested that it was not very common.

01:26:03The piercing sound of sirens gives a brutal term to your Saturday afternoon of relaxation.

01:26:09You jump off your sofa and run to the window.

01:26:12The sky is covered with black clouds to the horizon.

01:26:16The trees are almost flattened by violent winds.

01:26:20With the rain, hail of the size of a golf ball crashes on the ground, on the roofs, on the parked cars.

01:26:27It looks like a roller coaster just above your head.

01:26:30The car alarms go off everywhere.

01:26:32Just at that moment, crack!

01:26:35Enormous lightning strikes the black sky, then the monstrous rumbling of thunder is heard.

01:26:41Your heart beats in your chest.

01:26:43By looking out the window at the chaos outside, you are filled with a primitive fear of the power of the elements.

01:26:51You return to reality.

01:26:52The sirens.

01:26:53You have to take refuge in the basement.

01:26:55You start to turn away from the window and then you see it.

01:26:59A massive tornado crossing the streets of the city.

01:27:02It projects motorcycles, refrigerators and even trees like baseball balls.

01:27:08The roof of a building begins to come off like a bandage.

01:27:11The tornado even lifts cars and pieces of asphalt as if they were made of feathers.

01:27:16It seems that this tornado has left to raze the city in an hour at most.

01:27:21You finally get out of your torpor and run to the basement.

01:27:25The noise of the city terrifies you as you go down as low as possible.

01:27:29But after about 20 minutes, everything is suddenly silent.

01:27:34You go out to see that the clouds have disappeared and that the rays of the sun illuminate the streets.

01:27:39Fortunately, your house has been spared.

01:27:42But the city now looks more like ancient ruins.

01:27:47But wait, tornadoes never reach cities, do they?

01:27:51Well, yes.

01:27:52These monsters do not worry about knowing where they are going and what they are eating on the way.

01:27:57And while we're at it, you can forget the myth that tornadoes stop like magic when they meet rivers, lakes or mountains.

01:28:05They just keep moving forward.

01:28:08And about this belief that tornadoes do not reach cities,

01:28:11know that about 1,000 tornadoes hit the United States every year,

01:28:15that is, 75% of all the tornadoes in the world.

01:28:18Most of these monsters occur in a band that crosses the middle of the country from top to bottom.

01:28:23It is a region that has been nicknamed Tornado Alley,

01:28:26a perfect place for the formation of these meteorological phenomena.

01:28:29Cold and dry air comes down from Canada and meets hot and humid air,

01:28:33which travels north from the Gulf of Mexico.

01:28:36The hot air is less dense than the cold air.

01:28:38So it rises and creates a strong upward current.

01:28:41Droplets of water surround it and create a cloud in autumn.

01:28:45And here is the simple recipe for a tornado.

01:28:48Now, if you closed your eyes and put your finger on a map of the United States,

01:28:52the chances that your finger lands on a big city would be rather slim.

01:28:57If you gathered all the cities of the country in one area,

01:29:00it would only represent 3% of the total area of the United States.

01:29:04Just like your finger, the probability that a tornado hits a city

01:29:08is much lower than in a rural area.

01:29:11In the end, tornadoes can hit big cities,

01:29:15but they almost never do, thanks to chance.

01:29:20Another surprising myth.

01:29:22You always see a tornado coming because the cloud in front of you is right in front of you.

01:29:27False.

01:29:28The cloud in front of you can be completely hidden by a wall of rain.

01:29:33You could end up seeing it when it's just above you.

01:29:37In this case, you'd better trust your ear.

01:29:40First, the tornado warning sirens go off if you are in a place that is equipped with them.

01:29:45Secondly, listen to a loud rumbling that sounds like the arrival of a train.

01:29:49It's a sure sign that the monster is somewhere nearby.

01:29:53Many people immediately start taking shelter when they see green clouds in the sky,

01:29:58because they think it's the number one sign of the arrival of a tornado.

01:30:02Don't believe it.

01:30:04Yes, a green sky is the sign of a violent storm,

01:30:07strong enough to produce tornadoes.

01:30:10But that's not a guarantee.

01:30:12While we're at it,

01:30:13you see how movies show the ground tearing apart during earthquakes.

01:30:17This whirlpool that swallows cars, houses, entire cities.

01:30:21There is no ounce of truth in it.

01:30:23A crack can appear in the ground during major earthquakes,

01:30:27but it rarely exceeds a few meters wide.

01:30:30Another very widespread myth is that lightning never strikes twice in the same place.

01:30:35Go tell that to the Empire State Building.

01:30:37It is struck by lightning at least 25 times a year.

01:30:41A priori, no one lifts the building to move it to different places.

01:30:45Yes, lightning likes very high places,

01:30:48and it is not shy enough not to come back several times.

01:30:51As for this old legend about the fact that your cell phone or jewelry attracts lightning,

01:30:55it's also false.

01:30:57The idea that personal objects containing metal attract lightning

01:31:00has not been scientifically confirmed.

01:31:02Anyway, cell phone in hand or not,

01:31:05it's better not to be outside during a storm.

01:31:08Now, if you are looking for a tsunami

01:31:10and you only focus on giant water walls,

01:31:12you may never see one,

01:31:14even if it is right in front of you.

01:31:16Tsunamis are not always massive tidal waves

01:31:19that crash on the shore.

01:31:21Most often, they give the impression that the tide rises extremely fast,

01:31:25withdraws and rises again until it overflows in the city.

01:31:29Not that tsunamis never form water walls,

01:31:32but it is not as frequent as that.

01:31:34When you think of the Earth, you see a perfect sphere.

01:31:37Well, to make it look more like reality,

01:31:40crush your shoulder a little.

01:31:42Here, you now have a realistic Earth.

01:31:45Scientists call our planet an irregular sphere,

01:31:48or ellipsoid in technical terms.

01:31:51The planet rotates on its axis,

01:31:53which means that the equator is a little curved.

01:31:55Like when you turn very fast on a handle,

01:31:58you feel pulled out and away from the center.

01:32:02What is the highest point of the Earth?

01:32:04Everest, of course.

01:32:06However, from the farthest point in the center of the Earth,

01:32:09the title goes back to Mount Chimborazo in the Andes.

01:32:12Its summit is actually 2,000 meters closer to space

01:32:16than Everest's summit.

01:32:18This is because Chimborazo is located near the equator,

01:32:21where the planet's inflation is the most important.

01:32:24The blue whale weighs as much as 30 elephants,

01:32:27emits louder sounds than a plane,

01:32:29and eats 4 tons of food every day.

01:32:31Is it really the largest living creature

01:32:33that this planet has ever seen?

01:32:35No, not exactly.

01:32:37Let's go to the Malheur National Forest in Oregon.

01:32:40This is where a creature weighs as much as 20 blue whales.

01:32:44The Amillaria is a gigantic mushroom colony

01:32:47made up of a single common organism.

01:32:49The giant covers an area of 1,500 football fields,

01:32:53and is several thousand years old.

01:32:55Ask anyone to draw the sun,

01:32:57and they'll draw a pretty yellow circle.

01:33:00But if you look at our star from the Moon

01:33:02or the International Space Station,

01:33:04you'll see that it's actually white.

01:33:06From the Earth, the sun seems yellow or red

01:33:09because of the atmosphere acting like a filter.

01:33:12Most people think that time is constant

01:33:14and that we move at the same speed wherever we are.

01:33:17But the speed of time depends on the proximity of the watch

01:33:20to the Earth.

01:33:21The lower the gravity, the faster time passes.

01:33:24So the person who lives in the apartment above you

01:33:27ages faster than you.

01:33:29Well, we're talking about a difference

01:33:31of three billionths of a second per centimeter,

01:33:33so don't expect to notice a difference

01:33:36if you decide to move to the first floor.

01:33:39The ground beneath your feet seems pretty solid,

01:33:42but in reality, the crust of the Earth is crumbled

01:33:45by liquid rock oceans called magma.

01:33:49You don't feel it, but the ground beneath your feet

01:33:51moves a little more than 1.5 centimeters per year.

01:33:53It's about the same speed

01:33:55as the one your fingernails grow at.

01:33:57What is the largest desert in the world?

01:33:59Easy, the Sahara.

01:34:01No, it's Antarctica,

01:34:03which is almost twice as big as the Sahara.

01:34:06A desert is not just a burning sea of sand

01:34:08where it doesn't rain.

01:34:10It's a place with very little precipitation,

01:34:12which also includes frozen land.

01:34:15In some parts of Antarctica,

01:34:17it hasn't rained or snowed in millions of years.

01:34:20In other parts, snow falls, but very rarely.

01:34:23In fact, there is another myth

01:34:25that says it doesn't snow much.

01:34:28Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth,

01:34:30and it snows there.

01:34:32However, there is a part of truth in this myth.

01:34:34A great cold is often drier

01:34:36and it doesn't retain humidity as well.

01:34:38But you need humidity to produce

01:34:40raindrops and snowflakes.

01:34:42That's why there is less chance of snowfalls

01:34:44when temperatures drop very low.

01:34:47Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface.

01:34:51On average, the ocean has a depth

01:34:53of 8 Empire State Buildings,

01:34:55and less than 5% of this mysterious depth

01:34:57has been explored.

01:34:59It's even possible to find lakes and rivers

01:35:01under the ocean.

01:35:03They are denser than the rest of the water

01:35:05that surrounds them,

01:35:07so you can clearly see the difference.

01:35:09When coral is in shallow waters,

01:35:11the intense sunlight can damage

01:35:13the algae that live inside.

01:35:15To protect the algae,

01:35:17coral produces certain proteins

01:35:19that act as a kind of solar screen.

01:35:21Most of the ocean may not have been explored,

01:35:23but what we know is that

01:35:25about 20 million tonnes of gold

01:35:27can be found in these dark waters.

01:35:29It is spread out in very small quantities,

01:35:31which is why it is not profitable to exploit it.

01:35:33If we could extract it,

01:35:35each person on the planet would receive

01:35:374 kilos of gold.

01:35:39When sharks need their morning coffee,

01:35:41they also go to Starbucks.

01:35:43In 2002, researchers discovered

01:35:45an area in the Pacific Ocean

01:35:47called the White Shark Café,

01:35:49where the great white sharks come during the winter.

01:35:51They meet, tell jokes,

01:35:53and laugh about the number of humans

01:35:55on the coast to scare us again

01:35:57when the weather warms up.

01:35:59Have you ever tasted a great white coffee?

01:36:01The widest point in the Pacific Ocean

01:36:03is from Indonesia to Colombia,

01:36:05and at this location,

01:36:07it is 20,000 km wide,

01:36:09which is more than five times the diameter of the Moon.

01:36:11We could imagine that the oceans are cold,

01:36:13especially in the depths

01:36:15where the temperature is only 4.4 degrees.

01:36:17But there is an exception.

01:36:19The water that comes out of the hydrothermal vents

01:36:21at the bottom of the sea has a temperature

01:36:23that can reach 400 degrees.

01:36:25Humans are the only animals

01:36:27whose brain shrinks with age.

01:36:29They can even do it

01:36:31because of isolation and loneliness.

01:36:33Other animals,

01:36:35even some of our distant cousins

01:36:37from another branch of the genealogical tree,

01:36:39such as monkeys and chimpanzees,

01:36:41do not have this problem.

01:36:43Would television be responsible?

01:36:45Our eardrums have nothing to do

01:36:47with the meaning of sight,

01:36:49but they still move

01:36:51more than 2.5 billion times.

01:36:53Some have counted.

01:36:55Our nose can detect

01:36:57more than a billion smells,

01:36:59and our lips are hundreds of times

01:37:01more sensitive than the tip of our fingers.

01:37:03Two parts of the body

01:37:05never cease to grow,

01:37:07the nose and the ears.

01:37:09Raccoons are resistant.

01:37:11They can survive in extreme conditions

01:37:13and have been there since dinosaurs

01:37:15reigned on our planet.

01:37:17But the queen termite is the great champion

01:37:19of survival.

01:37:21Ordinary termites live only 1 to 2 years.

01:37:23Raccoons don't store water

01:37:25in their bones, but in their fat.

01:37:27They store water in their blood.

01:37:29Bees can fly very high,

01:37:31more than 9,000 meters high,

01:37:33which is higher than the Everest,

01:37:35the highest peak on our planet.

01:37:37Parasites can hold their breath

01:37:39longer than dolphins.

01:37:41Yes, they slow down their heart rate

01:37:43and can stay like this for nearly 40 minutes.

01:37:45Dolphins have to go back to the surface

01:37:47to breathe every 10 minutes.

01:37:49The moon has volcanoes,

01:37:51and scientists think they could have been active

01:37:53about 100 million years ago,

01:37:55when dinosaurs still reigned on our planet.

01:37:57Wow!

01:37:59The show must have been magnificent!

01:38:01There are watermelons

01:38:03the size of a grain of grapes.

01:38:05Watermelons look like very small watermelons,

01:38:07but they taste like citrus.

01:38:09The kangaroo mouse

01:38:11doesn't feel the need to drink water.

01:38:13It lives in the Nevada desert,

01:38:15and as its habitat is very dry,

01:38:17it has simply learned to quench its thirst

01:38:19with the seeds it digs.

01:38:21You may think that parking

01:38:23is expensive in the neighborhood you live in,

01:38:25but it's probably less expensive

01:38:27than a parking lot in Hong Kong.

01:38:29A simple 13-square-meter parking lot

01:38:31in front of The Center,

01:38:33which is the 5th highest building in the city,

01:38:35was bought for nearly $1 million.

01:38:37That's a lot of bus tickets!

01:38:39Speaking of expensive things,

01:38:41the most expensive hot dog in the world

01:38:43was sold for $29,

01:38:45and you can try it in Seattle.

01:38:47An Australian barista set a world record

01:38:49for the largest number of cappuccinos

01:38:51made in an hour.

01:38:53420!

01:38:55You can taste the garlic with your feet,

01:38:57rub a cork directly on your feet,

01:38:59don't forget to take off your socks beforehand,

01:39:01and wait.

01:39:03The chemical compound responsible for its unique smell

01:39:05can be absorbed by the skin,

01:39:07even if the cork is not in your mouth.

01:39:09In fact, lobsters can do the same experiment.

01:39:11But what food do they eat with their feet?

01:39:13Researchers have found many traces

01:39:15of prehistoric animals,

01:39:17or of our human ancestors,

01:39:19who lived thousands of years ago.

01:39:21Bones, teeth, stone tools,

01:39:23and a piece of chewing gum

01:39:25dating back almost 10,000 years.

01:39:27In Tibet, there are black diamond apples,

01:39:29which are neither green nor red,

01:39:31but a dark purple.

01:39:33The place where they grow receives a lot of ultraviolet light

01:39:35during the day,

01:39:37while the temperatures drop drastically during the night,

01:39:39so the apple takes a darker color.

01:39:41Australia has a lake

01:39:43with a naturally pinkish-pinkish color.

01:39:45This unusual color is due to the pigment

01:39:47of a certain type of algae that lives there.

01:39:49Clouds sometimes look so soft

01:39:51that they look like giant cotton balls.

01:39:53But you should know that a cloud

01:39:55weighs on average 500,000 kilos.

01:39:57So please, leave it alone up there.

01:39:59A farmer from Iowa

01:40:01had a hockey that lasted...

01:40:0368 years.

01:40:05At first, he hocked about 40 times per minute,

01:40:07but after a while, only 20 times.

01:40:09This means that he spent

01:40:1170% of his life hocking.

01:40:13A million seconds represent about 12 days,

01:40:15and a billion seconds represent

01:40:17almost 32 years.

01:40:19Nothing exceptional here,

01:40:21just a little math that reminds

01:40:23how elastic time is.

01:40:25Sharks may be more frightening than humans,

01:40:27but our teeth are just as strong as theirs,

01:40:29just a little smaller.

01:40:31Until the beginning of the 19th century,

01:40:33Americans thought that tomatoes were toxic.

01:40:35They missed so many tasty meals

01:40:37believing that.

01:40:39Farmers discovered that not only

01:40:41people had regional accents,

01:40:43but that cows also made

01:40:45different moos depending on the region

01:40:47where they lived.

01:40:49Giraffes have a tongue that can measure

01:40:51up to 51 centimeters long.

01:40:53A little ice cream, maybe?

01:40:55In fact, they can even bend trees with their tongues.

01:40:57There is a type of immortal jellyfish.

01:40:59This would make a good logo

01:41:01for a life insurance company.

01:41:03The Earth is in orbit around the Sun,

01:41:05but at a fixed speed.

01:41:07We don't feel it, but it slows down

01:41:09as time goes by.

01:41:11So our day will last 25 hours,

01:41:13in about 175 million years.

01:41:15Don't expect another 7 hours

01:41:17in your lifetime.

01:41:19Space is huge,

01:41:21but there is obviously a lot of emptiness

01:41:23because there are more trees, 300 billion,

01:41:25on our planet than stars

01:41:27in the Milky Way,

01:41:29only 300 to 400 billion.

01:41:31Speaking of the world's largest desert,

01:41:33you probably imagine the endless

01:41:35sandy surface of the Sahara,

01:41:37burning under a scorching sun.

01:41:39Well, not quite.

01:41:41The world's largest desert is the Antarctic

01:41:43Polar Desert, which covers more than

01:41:4514.2 million square kilometers.

01:41:47It seems strange at first,

01:41:49but the definition of a desert is a place

01:41:51that receives less than 250 millimeters

01:41:53of rainfall per year.

01:41:55However, that doesn't mean it's hot.

01:41:57Ostriches don't really hide their heads

01:41:59because when they feel a danger,

01:42:01they lower their heads, their necks

01:42:03and their bodies to the ground,

01:42:05which makes them a little less visible

01:42:07to predators.

01:42:09Their light-colored necks sink into the sand,

01:42:11so it looks like their heads are buried.

01:42:13The first commercial flight took place

01:42:15at the beginning of the 20th century.

01:42:17It was a 23-minute flight that cost

01:42:19$400 to each of its passengers,

01:42:21about $8,500 today,

01:42:23and the plane flew between

01:42:25two cities in Florida.

01:42:27It's almost as close to the invention

01:42:29of cell phones as it is to the time

01:42:31when the great pyramids of Egypt were completed.

01:42:33And speaking of cell phones,

01:42:35today more pictures are taken

01:42:37every two minutes than throughout

01:42:39the 19th century.

01:42:41Well, let's add one more to these statistics.

01:42:43Cheese!

01:42:45Good news!

01:42:47Eating ice cream won't worsen your mood.

01:42:49Frozen dairy products can help you

01:42:51ease a sore throat and give you

01:42:53the calories you need when you

01:42:55want to cook or eat something

01:42:57more consistent.

01:42:59Giraffes sleep much longer than

01:43:0130 minutes a day.

01:43:03Their night and afternoon nap

01:43:05totals about 4.5 hours of sleep a day.

01:43:07You can't really have a photographic memory.

01:43:09Even if you can remember

01:43:11certain images in more detail

01:43:13than other people,

01:43:15you'll never be able to compare yourself

01:43:17to a camera sensor in terms of precision.

01:43:19A bigger brain doesn't necessarily

01:43:21make you smarter.

01:43:23Human brains are much bigger than

01:43:25those of humans.

01:43:27We may not have a very impressive brain

01:43:29when it comes to our body mass,

01:43:31but our 86 billion neurons help us

01:43:33to remain the most intelligent

01:43:35species on the planet.

01:43:37Light is not the fastest thing in the world.

01:43:39It's the waves.

01:43:41No, in reality, nothing can compare

01:43:43in terms of speed to emptiness.

01:43:45But it slows down when it crosses

01:43:47water or glass.

01:43:49Particles like electrons, neutrons

01:43:51and neutrons win the race in these conditions.

01:43:53The asteroid belt between Mars

01:43:55and Jupiter is not full of dangerous

01:43:57rocks that constantly collide.

01:43:59If you found yourself there one day,

01:44:01you'd see how empty and peaceful it is.

01:44:03Asteroids are so far away

01:44:05from each other that

01:44:07the chances of a collision are extremely low.

01:44:09A spacecraft radar

01:44:11would detect it and prevent

01:44:13any risk.

01:44:15You don't need to wait for spring equinox

01:44:17to lay an egg on your head.

01:44:19You don't need special gravity

01:44:21and you can stay there

01:44:23any day of the year.

01:44:25Oranges are not always orange.

01:44:27The variety with green skin is just as sweet

01:44:29and perfectly ripe.

01:44:31This skin color protects them from the sun

01:44:33and is also a sign that there are

01:44:35a lot of chlorophyll in the fruit.

01:44:37That's why green oranges grow

01:44:39especially in warmer climates

01:44:41and are sometimes colored orange

01:44:43to seem standard to buyers around the world.

01:44:45Another good news.

01:44:47You can eat any amount of salad,

01:44:49soup or meat you've eaten before.

01:44:51You get tired of salty flavors

01:44:53but when you see and smell

01:44:55ice cream, cakes, biscuits

01:44:57and chocolate, your brain gets excited

01:44:59and forgets the signs of satiety

01:45:01to the benefit of those of pleasure.

01:45:03In addition, your stomach is a flexible organ

01:45:05and sugar helps it relax

01:45:07and make room for dessert.

01:45:09You have much more than five senses.

01:45:11In addition to sight,

01:45:13hearing, smell, taste and touch,

01:45:15you can feel heat and cold,

01:45:17detect air or water vibrations,

01:45:19tell where some parts of your body

01:45:21are compared to others,

01:45:23feel pain, thirst, hunger,

01:45:25time and many other things.

01:45:27When you call someone

01:45:29with your cell phone,

01:45:31the signal does not go through a satellite.

01:45:33Your gadget is always looking

01:45:35for a wireless radio signal

01:45:37and transmits data in direction

01:45:39and from many earthly cellular towers.

01:45:41If you want to call someone,

01:45:43the nearest tower connects you

01:45:45to another cell

01:45:47thanks to a huge network of connections

01:45:49from tower to tower.

01:45:51Brown sugar is not as healthy

01:45:53as white sugar.

01:45:55It is mainly white sugar

01:45:57with a little syrup.

01:45:59This syrup contains some vitamins

01:46:01and minerals such as potassium

01:46:03and magnesium,

01:46:05but it is still not a dietary food.

01:46:07The Eiffel Tower was supposed

01:46:09to be there for only 20 years.

01:46:11But as Eiffel added a radio antenna

01:46:13and a wireless telegraph transmitter,

01:46:15it was decided to keep it.

01:46:17It houses a secret apartment

01:46:19at the top

01:46:21and served as a meteorology laboratory.

01:46:23Green tea and black tea

01:46:25come from the same plant.

01:46:27The leaves get their taste

01:46:29and appearance different

01:46:31after being harvested.

01:46:33Green tea is ground

01:46:35and steamed,

01:46:37while black tea is crushed

01:46:39Honey can spoil

01:46:41if you leave it in a humid environment.

01:46:43Keep the lid closed

01:46:45and make sure no water gets in

01:46:47and it will be edible for a long time.

01:46:49These antibacterial powers

01:46:51will not let any organism

01:46:53settle inside.

01:46:55If you leave the wasps alone,

01:46:57they will not necessarily do the same with you.

01:46:59Bees will respect your limits

01:47:01if you don't try to hurt them.

01:47:03But yellow wasps have such a bad temper

01:47:05that they can sting

01:47:07without knowing it

01:47:09and kill perfectly immobile.

01:47:11Dromedaries don't store water

01:47:13in their beehives.

01:47:15They use it as a reservoir of fat

01:47:17to allow them to survive

01:47:19for days in the desert

01:47:21without stopping to eat.

01:47:23When they can,

01:47:25they drink a huge amount of water

01:47:27to stay hydrated.

01:47:29Excess water remains

01:47:31in their bloodstream.

01:47:33Bees cannot turn their heads

01:47:35because of the unique structure

01:47:37of the water in their necks.

01:47:39Bats are not blind.

01:47:41When it's dark outside,

01:47:43they hunt by echolocation

01:47:45by using echoes bouncing

01:47:47on objects to orient themselves.

01:47:49There are many types of bats

01:47:51and some of them can see

01:47:53three times better than humans.

01:47:55They have receptors

01:47:57that allow them to see

01:47:59ultraviolet light.

01:48:01Chinese biscuits are not from China.

01:48:03Japanese biscuits are from San Francisco

01:48:05at the beginning of the 1900s.

01:48:07Einstein was not bad at math at school.

01:48:09He mastered calculus at the age of 15

01:48:11and was always the first in his class.

01:48:13This myth comes from the time

01:48:15when Einstein failed

01:48:17an entrance exam in a Zurich college.

01:48:19He did well in math,

01:48:21but failed in botany,

01:48:23zoology and languages.

01:48:25Elephants are really afraid of mice.

01:48:27Like most mammals,

01:48:29they have a programmed brain

01:48:31that detects an animal

01:48:33behind its back.

01:48:35Elephants are afraid of small things

01:48:37that move quickly at their feet.

01:48:39But a mouse can't hurt them.

01:48:41Even if it tries to climb

01:48:43along its trunk,

01:48:45the elephant can easily get rid of it.

01:48:47The sun is not yellow.

01:48:49It's a mix of a lot of colors

01:48:51that make it look white.

01:48:53We perceive it yellow or orange

01:48:55because the Earth's atmosphere

01:48:57scatters colors like blue,

01:48:59and the sun seems hotter

01:49:01when it rises and sets.

01:49:03All comets don't have a tail.

01:49:05When they are next to a star,

01:49:07they look like small pieces of ice

01:49:09and frozen rocks.

01:49:11When they are close to a star,

01:49:13the ice splits thanks to the solar wind

01:49:15and looks like a tail.

01:49:17Sometimes these tails are too small

01:49:19to be seen.

01:49:21Comets can also have a tail

01:49:23made up of dust and gas particles.

01:49:25An ostrich doesn't put its head

01:49:27in danger.

01:49:29They are the fastest biped animals

01:49:31and can escape almost all predators

01:49:33or hit them with their powerful legs.

01:49:35They sometimes bend down

01:49:37to eat sand to digest better.

01:49:39They also do it to check

01:49:41the condition of their eggs

01:49:43in the ground when they make a family.

01:49:45You can sleep outside

01:49:47after washing your hair

01:49:49and it won't make you sick.

01:49:51Sleeping outside at negative temperatures

01:49:53can make you cold and freeze your hair.

01:49:55The Earth doesn't get closer to the Sun

01:49:57in summer.

01:49:59In fact, it's in July

01:50:01that it's the furthest from the Sun

01:50:03and in January

01:50:05that it's the closest.

01:50:07It's warmer in summer

01:50:09because the axis of our planet is inclined,

01:50:11leaving its northern part

01:50:13capturing more sunlight

01:50:15during half of the year

01:50:17and the southern part during the other half.

01:50:19In summer, the Sun is above the horizon

01:50:21up to 17 hours a day

01:50:23and in winter,

01:50:25you can't see millions of stars

01:50:27even in the brightest night

01:50:29and far from any light source.

01:50:31The highest number you can see

01:50:33if you have a good eyesight

01:50:35is around 3000.

01:50:37These are the ones that are quite close

01:50:39and quite bright.

01:50:41Some other bright objects you can spot

01:50:43are planets, distant galaxies

01:50:45and artificial satellites.

01:50:47The Moon doesn't really have a dark side.

01:50:49It rotates in sync with the Earth

01:50:51and only one of its faces is visible.

01:50:53The Sun, the Moon and our Earth

01:50:55are all in constant motion.

01:50:57There are times when the Moon's face

01:50:59that is visible to us is illuminated

01:51:01and then it's its other face.

01:51:03Don't worry, you don't swallow 8 spiders

01:51:05every night during your sleep.

01:51:07Most people sleep with their mouths shut

01:51:09which prevents a spider to penetrate inside.

01:51:11And even if you sleep with your mouth wide open,

01:51:13the powerful vibrations you produce

01:51:15while breathing

01:51:17and the hot air coming out of your mouth

01:51:19can destroy any spider.

01:51:21A one-centimeter piece

01:51:23dropped from the top of the Empire State

01:51:25won't hurt anyone on the ground.

01:51:27It's so light that it won't be able

01:51:29to reach a sufficient speed

01:51:31to cause serious damage.

01:51:33The speed of the piece increases

01:51:35every second during the fall

01:51:37but the resistance of the air also increases.

01:51:39The worst it can do to a passerby

01:51:41is to surprise him.

01:51:43Mammoths still roam the planet

01:51:45at the time of the construction

01:51:47about 10,000 years ago.

01:51:49But a small population of 500 to 1,000 mammoths

01:51:51lived in Antarctica

01:51:53until 1650 B.C.

01:51:55The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:51:57already existed for 1,000 years

01:51:59when the last mammoth

01:52:01disappeared.

01:52:03Your tongue has no bitter, sweet,

01:52:05acid, salty, or unami

01:52:07for tasting.

01:52:09Each of the 8,000 taste buds

01:52:11you have on your tongue, palate

01:52:13and even in your throat can detect

01:52:15the taste in the same way.

01:52:17So you don't have to worry

01:52:19about putting certain foods

01:52:21in certain places of your mouth

01:52:23to feel the taste better.

01:52:25Digital fingerprints are not

01:52:27100% unique.

01:52:29Related people may have

01:52:31somewhat similar motifs.

01:52:33In addition, with more than

01:52:357 billion people on the planet

01:52:37and all digital fingerprints

01:52:39not being registered,

01:52:41we can't be sure anyway.

01:52:43The Earth is a star

01:52:45against 100 billion nerve cells

01:52:47multiplied by 40,000 nerve connections.

01:52:49It is impossible to breathe

01:52:51and swallow at the same time.

01:52:53There is a tube for food

01:52:55and a trachea at the back of your throat.

01:52:57When you swallow,

01:52:59the air could carry the food

01:53:01through the wrong tube

01:53:03to your lungs.

01:53:05The consequences would be dramatic.

01:53:07To prevent this from happening,

01:53:09a small flap protects the trachea.

01:53:11You can't sneeze

01:53:13by pinching your nose.

01:53:15You exhale while sneezing,

01:53:17but when your mouth and nose are closed,

01:53:19the air can't escape.

01:53:21Sushi restaurants don't serve

01:53:23real wasabi.

01:53:25It would be incredibly expensive,

01:53:27so they replace it with mustard-colored

01:53:29strong brine.

01:53:31Real wasabi comes from the same family of plants.

01:53:33It is served fresh,

01:53:35grated on the stem,

01:53:37and tastes sweeter.

01:53:39It is also very salty.

01:53:41Originally, carrots were not orange.

01:53:43Before the 16th and 17th centuries,

01:53:45they were almost all purple,

01:53:47with a few rare exceptions,

01:53:49yellow and white.

01:53:51Orange carrots were grown

01:53:53by Dutch farmers.

01:53:55They thought it would be easier to grow.

01:53:57It is true that things seem to be

01:53:59in weightlessness in the stomach,

01:54:01but there is gravity everywhere.

01:54:03The more you move away from a heavy object

01:54:05like the earth, the weaker it is.

01:54:07The more you move away from a heavy object,

01:54:09the weaker it is.

01:54:11Strawberries are not berries.

01:54:13Neither are raspberries and lemurs.

01:54:15Bananas, aubergines, grapes,

01:54:17tomatoes and oranges are berries.

01:54:19They have three distinct flesh layers,

01:54:21two grains or more,

01:54:23and grow from flowers.

01:54:25You have enough iron in your whole body

01:54:27to produce a nail 10 centimeters long.

01:54:29The lightning can strike

01:54:31the same place twice,

01:54:33three times, or more than a hundred times.

01:54:35Even during the same storm,

01:54:37nothing can prevent lightning

01:54:39from striking a place

01:54:41it just struck a few seconds earlier.

01:54:43Lightning prefers high and isolated objects.

01:54:45The Empire State Building, for example,

01:54:47is struck about 25 times a year.

01:54:49The largest living organism

01:54:51is not the blue whale or the African elephant.

01:54:53It is the honeybees

01:54:55of the Blue Mountains in Oregon.

01:54:57It is as large as six Burj Khalifa and a half,

01:54:59which is the tallest building in the world.

01:55:01It continues to grow,

01:55:03but it is not sustainable.

01:55:05Dwarfs can blush just like humans.

01:55:07The skin of their heads and necks

01:55:09can turn red or blue

01:55:11when they are excited, angry or sick.

01:55:13The skin layer covering their necks

01:55:15is called a fanon

01:55:17and can turn bright red

01:55:19under the effect of excitement.

01:55:21During the season of love,

01:55:23the fanons of the male dwarfs

01:55:25also become scarlet

01:55:27to show their interest in females.

01:55:29The Sahara is not the largest desert in the world.

01:55:31The second place goes to the Arctic desert

01:55:33and the Sahara is only the third.

01:55:35The main feature of a desert

01:55:37is not the heat or the sand dunes,

01:55:39but the absence of precipitation.

01:55:41The ice fields and the rocky mountains

01:55:43of the Antarctic

01:55:45hardly ever see rain.

01:55:47Sitting too close to a television

01:55:49will not make you blind

01:55:51and will not give you serious eyesight problems.

01:55:53This can tire your eyes temporarily,

01:55:55but long-term problems are very rare.

01:55:57Reading in the dark

01:55:59will not make you blind either.

01:56:01Flies live longer than 24 hours.

01:56:03A domestic fly lives on average

01:56:05one month.

01:56:07Vinegar flies have a life span

01:56:09of 40 to 50 days.

01:56:11During this period,

01:56:13a female fly can have up to 500 cubs.

01:56:15This is why leaving the flies

01:56:17in a closed room and waiting for them to die

01:56:19will not solve your insect problem.

01:56:21Bears do not sleep for months

01:56:23during hibernation.

01:56:25Their body processes slow down

01:56:27and they do not eat or drink anything.

01:56:29But they can still react perfectly

01:56:31to everything that happens around them.

01:56:33So keep your distance with their nests.

01:56:35Cracking your joints

01:56:37is not bad for your health.

01:56:39The sound you hear while doing it

01:56:41is a special organic fluid

01:56:43that bursts into the interstices between your bones.

01:56:45This occurs under the pressure

01:56:47you exert on your joints

01:56:49and it is completely harmless.

01:56:51Red fish do not forget

01:56:53everything that happens to them

01:56:55and they can manage

01:56:57their tiny brains storing information

01:56:59for several months.

01:57:01They can also hide from their enemies

01:57:03and find food.

01:57:05You can't fry an egg on a sidewalk

01:57:07no matter the outside temperature.

01:57:09An egg needs a temperature of 70°C

01:57:11to cook completely

01:57:13and a sidewalk can only reach

01:57:1563°C maximum.

01:57:17The banana tree

01:57:19is not really a tree

01:57:21but a herb related to the ginger family

01:57:23that looks a bit like aloe vera

01:57:25or other grass plants.

01:57:27Chameleons

01:57:29do not change color to blend

01:57:31in their environment.

01:57:33They do it to show their mood

01:57:35and to communicate.

01:57:37They turn black when they are nervous

01:57:39or upset and when they are happy

01:57:41you will see green or blue.

01:57:43They use lighter colors

01:57:45to attract partners.

01:57:47Waterfowl do not turn in the opposite direction

01:57:49in the southern hemisphere.

01:57:51Like the Gulf Stream and the hurricanes

01:57:53but they have no control over

01:57:55the water of the toilets.

01:57:57The meaning varies from one model to another

01:57:59and depends on the pressure of the water.

01:58:01The mustard seed is not the smallest seed in the world.

01:58:03The record holder in this category

01:58:05is the orchid seed of the tropical forests.

01:58:07Some of them are so small

01:58:09that you will not see them with the naked eye.

01:58:11They emerge in the air

01:58:13like dust particles

01:58:15and land on the trees of the forest

01:58:17to spread more.

01:58:19Waterfowl are full of vitamin A

01:58:21but this is not enough to help you see in total darkness.

01:58:23They can only help you

01:58:25to maintain a healthy view.

01:58:27Everything in the solar system

01:58:29is always moving.

01:58:31The moon moves away from the earth every year

01:58:33and our planet moves away from the sun more and more.

01:58:35You too are constantly moving

01:58:37even when you are perfectly still.

01:58:39White chocolate is not really chocolate.

01:58:41It is made of sugar,

01:58:43dairy products,

01:58:45vanilla, cocoa butter

01:58:47but it does not contain solid chocolate.

01:58:49Cocoa butter is derived

01:58:51from cocoa beans

01:58:53which makes white chocolate,

01:58:55a cousin of dark chocolate and milk chocolate

01:58:57but not the closest relative

01:58:59and even less the same thing.

01:59:01Coffee will not slow your growth.

01:59:03The size you will reach

01:59:05is mainly influenced by genetics.

01:59:07A healthy diet can also contribute.

01:59:09Set your coffee consumption limit

01:59:11to two cups a day and everything will be fine.

01:59:13You do not need to wash the chicken

01:59:15before cooking it.

01:59:17By doing so, you risk spreading germs

01:59:19on your hands, work surfaces,

01:59:21clothes and kitchen utensils

01:59:23through splinters.

01:59:25Walnuts do not really belong

01:59:27to the fruit family.

01:59:29No more than almonds, cashew nuts,

01:59:31Brazil nuts, pecan nuts,

01:59:33macadamia nuts, pistachios

01:59:35or pine nuts.

01:59:37They are drops.

01:59:39They cannot be called fruit

01:59:41because they do not have a single edible seed

01:59:43Diamonds are not so rare.

01:59:45They are ordinary stones

01:59:47and extracting them is not as complicated

01:59:49as 150 years ago.

01:59:51Advertising campaigns

01:59:53and artificially raised prices

01:59:55have contributed to making them a luxury product.

01:59:57Bulls do not get angry

01:59:59when you show them something red.

02:00:01They are daltonian and can only see

02:00:03yellow, green, blue and purple colors.

02:00:05It is the movement that makes them angry

02:00:07and pushes them to defend themselves.

02:00:09Swimming just after a meal

02:00:11Your body needs a little extra blood

02:00:13to digest food

02:00:15but swimming will not divert it

02:00:17from the muscles of your arms and legs

02:00:19that do their job.

02:00:21Adding salt to water

02:00:23will not make it boil faster.

02:00:25The temperature of salty water

02:00:27will rise faster than that of ordinary water

02:00:29but the boiling point will also be higher

02:00:31and the salt adds an extra mass

02:00:33so things will not go faster.

02:00:35Kangaroos cannot walk backwards.

02:00:37They have muscled legs,

02:00:39feet and tails

02:00:41and can move quickly

02:00:43but they cannot go in the opposite direction

02:00:45because of their body structure.

02:00:47They are on the Australian armories

02:00:49next to the emus

02:00:51who cannot move back either

02:00:53which means that the country

02:00:55is always going forward.

02:00:57Milk will not make your bones indestructible.

02:00:59It contains calcium and vitamin D

02:01:01but no magic power to heal bones.

02:01:03However, it is true that it goes very well

02:01:05with biscuits.

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