Pourquoi la hauteur d'un lit est importante + 150 faits rares

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Transcript

00:00:00Sorry to tell you, but money is not really made of paper, which also proves that it does not grow on trees.

00:00:07American banknotes, for example, are made of 25% linen and 75% cotton.

00:00:13This is why they have such a distinct texture and appearance.

00:00:16In the 19th century, money was made of paper, so that people could easily counterfeit it, unlike today.

00:00:23The Eiffel Tower is almost 15 cm higher during the summer.

00:00:27When you heat a substance, these particles start to move more actively and occupy a larger volume.

00:00:33This is called thermal dilation.

00:00:35When the temperature drops, the substance contracts again.

00:00:39Such an effect is more important in gases, but can also be seen in liquids and solids, including iron.

00:00:45This is why, when we build large structures, such as bridges, we use dilation joints.

00:00:51They allow the structure to have a certain margin of maneuver to dilate and contract, and these changes do not cause any damage.

00:00:59Honey can last thousands of years without deteriorating.

00:01:03Bees land on flowers to collect the sweet nectar.

00:01:07Then they transport it to their hive and transfer it to other worker bees.

00:01:11The latter reduce the water content of the nectar by swallowing and regurgitating the liquid several times.

00:01:17Miam! Bee vomit!

00:01:19Special enzymes in their stomach decompose the glucose contained in the nectar and it becomes more acidic.

00:01:25Bees place this nectar in the alveolus and begin to lift it with their wings so that the water evaporates more quickly.

00:01:32Honey is now very acidic and poor in water, which preserves it from deterioration.

00:01:37Bacteria that cause food deterioration cannot survive in such conditions.

00:01:42In the past, people did not raise their mattresses from the ground.

00:01:45This practice began in ancient Egypt and continued in many other cultures.

00:01:50People realized that it was colder on the ground and that they could heat their beds more easily if they were not directly in contact.

00:01:57In the past, houses also had more air flow.

00:02:00The cold air entered through the bottom of the doors.

00:02:02There was no central heating, so people had to find other ways to warm up.

00:02:07However, the hot air tends to rise, so by placing their bed higher, it was not as cold as on the ground.

00:02:12In addition, in this way, they could keep their beds clean more easily.

00:02:16Indeed, in modest homes, the floors were much dirtier than today.

00:02:20And all this dirt generally migrated into the beds.

00:02:23Speaking of cleanliness, do you think people are naturally clean and tidy?

00:02:27After all, our ancestors, who lived thousands of years ago, already used latrines and combed their hair.

00:02:34And they kept their interiors and bodies clean.

00:02:38Our natural need for hygiene and cleanliness is motivated by our sense of disgust.

00:02:43It is this mechanism that helps our body to remain safe and protects it from various infections.

00:02:48This is why we are more sensitive to certain smells and certain things.

00:02:52But we still have rather unhealthy habits.

00:02:55For example, eating an anchovy on top of a keyboard.

00:02:59But some animals are even more careful than us.

00:03:02Snakes, for example, like to keep their environment well-organized.

00:03:06Some of them even use their muscular necks and triangular heads to sweep the dirty grass when they hunt.

00:03:12Many animals like to clear their path when they go in search of their future meal.

00:03:16And reptiles are one of them.

00:03:18Less vegetation increases their chances of catching food.

00:03:21Birds also like to do the housework and get rid of unconsumed food, eggshells and any other waste in their nests.

00:03:28In this way, they also make them less visible to their predators.

00:03:32During this time, in space, the shadows are darker on the Moon than on our planet.

00:03:37This is because the Earth's atmosphere scatters more sunlight.

00:03:41But if you could visit the Moon, you would observe shadows so dark that you could not see where you are going.

00:03:46You would also notice footprints on the lunar surface.

00:03:50However, humans have not set foot on it for a few decades.

00:03:53But the footprints seem to have been left only yesterday.

00:03:57As there is no water or wind on the Moon, nothing can erase these footprints.

00:04:01They can therefore remain there, in their original form, for millions of years.

00:04:06The core of the Earth contains enough gold to cover the entire planet.

00:04:11And if you decide to do it, the level of this precious metal will reach the height of your knees.

00:04:15For thousands of years, people have been exploiting gold and platinum, as well as a lot of other precious minerals, under the surface of our planet.

00:04:23This is why we may have exhausted some minerals in certain regions.

00:04:27But the Earth still has a huge number of these deposits, especially as it approaches its core.

00:04:32It is because of the countless meteorites that collided with our planet during the period of its formation.

00:04:39These meteorites contained different minerals, including gold.

00:04:42At the time, the Earth was still in a state of fusion.

00:04:45This is why most of the gold, a heavy element, sank deeply into its core.

00:04:50And the silicate mantle, which is above the core, trapped colossal amounts of gold and other minerals.

00:04:56Unfortunately, most of them are clearly out of reach today,

00:05:00since we are talking about 2,900 km under the surface and temperatures of several thousand degrees.

00:05:06If you were about to go into space, one of the first things you would think of would undoubtedly be your space suit.

00:05:13But do you know that it is possible to survive in space even if you do not wear any protection?

00:05:18Well, don't worry, you won't last more than 15 seconds.

00:05:23This is the time you need to lose consciousness, because oxygen will no longer reach your brain.

00:05:28In 1965, a technician accidentally depressurized his suit inside an empty room.

00:05:35He lost consciousness after 12 to 15 seconds.

00:05:3827 seconds later, his suit was fortunately repressurized.

00:05:42The man later said that he remembered that the humidity on his tongue was beginning to boil.

00:05:47He also lost his sense of taste, and he only came back to himself four days after the accident.

00:05:52You can't hold your breath in space either, so it won't save you.

00:05:57Your lungs would eventually break at some point, because the air inside would expand.

00:06:01The oxygen in other parts of your body would also begin to expand,

00:06:05which would mean that you would inflate up to twice your normal size.

00:06:08A bit like Harry Potter's Aunt Marge.

00:06:11It is only thanks to your elastic skin that you will not explode.

00:06:15It will continue to keep you in one piece,

00:06:17and the liquids in your body will also begin to evaporate quite quickly.

00:06:22We're having fun here, aren't we?

00:06:24The ocean owes its emblematic blue color to the light of the sun.

00:06:27When the sun shines, the water absorbs the higher wavelengths of orange light and red light,

00:06:33and reflects the shorter luminous waves of blue light.

00:06:36This is only possible when there is a huge amount of water.

00:06:39So, the more water you have in one place, the more it turns blue.

00:06:43This is why the water you pour into your glass does not have this beautiful ocean blue color.

00:06:48The ocean has many important functions.

00:06:51First of all, it produces 50 to 80% of all the oxygen on our planet,

00:06:56which means that it keeps us alive.

00:06:58But it also helps the Internet to work.

00:07:01So, when you are folded in half watching a hilarious dog video,

00:07:04or when you watch your favorite show, you can thank the oceans.

00:07:08Most of the cables that power the Internet,

00:07:11and therefore allow people from all over the world to use it,

00:07:14pass under water.

00:07:16These are underwater communication cables,

00:07:19kilometers of cables that run through the bottom of the ocean.

00:07:23There are special boats to put all this in place.

00:07:26They are specially designed for this purpose.

00:07:29To make sure that nothing damages the cables and your Internet,

00:07:32they must be placed on relatively flat extensions of the bottom of the ocean.

00:07:36The cables must also be away from old wrecks or large oceanic ecosystems.

00:07:41Some of these cables have a special coating that protects them from damage.

00:07:45Thus, no hungry shark or any curious fish has the opportunity to nibble the cabling.

00:07:51Trees speak, well, not exactly like people,

00:07:54but they have their own mode of communication.

00:07:57Their roots are connected by an underground mushroom network.

00:08:01Thanks to this network, trees can share their resources with each other.

00:08:05This is how they speak.

00:08:07They use these mushrooms to transmit nutrients and water from one tree to another.

00:08:12For example, if a tree is stronger and older than the other trees in the forest,

00:08:17it will share some of its nutrients and sugars with the small trees that grow nearby.

00:08:22Thank you, dad!

00:08:24Look at all these insects that fly in a beautiful sunny day.

00:08:28Do you think they get sunburns?

00:08:30No, because creatures that spend most of their time outdoors don't get any.

00:08:34They have dark exoskeletons that contain melanin.

00:08:37This is how they block UV rays.

00:08:39But insects that live underground and in water,

00:08:42as well as nocturnal creatures, have a paler and thinner skin.

00:08:45If they spend too much time outdoors during the day,

00:08:48they can actually catch a sunburn.

00:08:50Or, even worse, they could be eaten.

00:08:55Have you ever wondered why some chips are so...

00:08:58yum...

00:08:59deliciously chewy?

00:09:01Imagine you're with friends watching a movie and you're eating chips.

00:09:06Would you rather dip a smooth chip in the sauce or a wavy chip?

00:09:10Smooth chips can't stand the weight of the sauce and they break.

00:09:14Bam!

00:09:15You end up with lots of sauce on your white t-shirt.

00:09:18Wavy chips win.

00:09:20They're also better in taste.

00:09:22Smooth chips have a very strong oily taste that covers the taste of potatoes.

00:09:27And when you eat some, you have oily fingers.

00:09:30It's not really fun, is it?

00:09:32So, which ones do you prefer?

00:09:34Smooth chips or wavy chips?

00:09:37Barcodes have made life so much easier for us.

00:09:40But do you know how they work?

00:09:42The key is the stripes.

00:09:44Barcodes are read through a scanner.

00:09:47The scanner has a laser that detects the pattern and reads the barcode.

00:09:51The barcode absorbs light and the rest is reflected.

00:09:54The computer gives a sense of the dot, line and number of the barcode.

00:09:59Think of the black and white lines as if they were 1s and 0s.

00:10:03The black absorbs the light and the white reflects it.

00:10:06The black parts correspond to 1s and the white parts that reflect the light correspond to 0s.

00:10:12The scanner detects the white parts, not the black ones.

00:10:16The barcodes are there to remind us to go to the dentist or schedule an appointment.

00:10:20Make sure you stick them to the wall.

00:10:23We've never used the barcodes properly.

00:10:26Don't detach them from the package by pulling them from the bottom to the top.

00:10:30It folds the paper and the glue won't hold for long.

00:10:33You have to detach them by taking them on one side.

00:10:36The glue will hold better.

00:10:38A delicious sweet cloud.

00:10:40This is the only one, the Barbapapa.

00:10:44An irresistible confectionery, especially for the little ones.

00:10:48Sugar is bad for the teeth.

00:10:50Everyone has heard their dentist pronounce this phrase.

00:10:53But surprise! The inventor of the Barbapapa is a dentist himself.

00:10:58It was created in 1895 by John C. Wharton, a confectioner, and William Morrison, a dentist.

00:11:06The product was then called Fairy Tail.

00:11:09It's a very cool name, by the way.

00:11:11They sold thousands of Barbapapa at the Saint Louis Universal Exhibition in 1904.

00:11:17Barbapapa is still there.

00:11:19It's often found in amusement parks.

00:11:22Dentists continue to treat sick teeth.

00:11:25Some things will never change.

00:11:27Do you like lollipops?

00:11:29Why are there holes in the stem?

00:11:31These two little holes can actually turn the stem into a whistle.

00:11:35But they're actually used to hold the candy in place.

00:11:38You dip the stem in liquid syrup, which fills the holes, solidifies, and wraps the stem.

00:11:45The fridge is an invention that changed our lives.

00:11:48But not everyone knows that it hides a big secret.

00:11:51In August 1956, a law called the Refrigerator Safety Act was adopted.

00:11:57It was about preventing children from being trapped in a fridge.

00:12:01These devices were built with a kind of lock that prevented the fridge from opening from the inside.

00:12:07Relax! After the adoption of this law, all home fridges can open from the inside.

00:12:13We go from the kitchen to the bathroom.

00:12:16It's a habit now to go to the bathroom by looking at Instagram on your phone.

00:12:20Guess what? There are more people in the world with a phone than people with access to the bathroom.

00:12:26According to a report by the United Nations, many people do not have access to the bathroom,

00:12:31especially in some areas of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

00:12:36The number of people with a phone exceeds the number of people with access to clean and viable toilets.

00:12:43Scientists have also shown that there are ten times more germs on mobile phones than on most toilet bowls.

00:12:50So yes, you can disinfect your phone after watching this video.

00:12:55Do you use Skype or FaceTime to talk to your friends around the world?

00:12:59Do you just want to chat or for a meeting, maybe?

00:13:03Originally, the webcam was created for a very specific reason.

00:13:07In 1993, researchers from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Cambridge

00:13:12set up a system to see if the coffee maker was full or empty.

00:13:17Yes, you heard right.

00:13:19These researchers needed coffee as fuel, like many of us.

00:13:23They got out of their chairs, went to the coffee maker and found it empty.

00:13:27Instead of making sure that someone else was still making coffee,

00:13:30they set up a system that broadcasted the images of the room where the coffee maker was.

00:13:35At the time, this system broadcasted three images per minute.

00:13:38That's enough to understand if there's any coffee left.

00:13:41Thank them for not getting up.

00:13:44And thank you for having this great idea.

00:13:49Do you buy white or brown eggs?

00:13:51What's the difference between the two, apart from the color?

00:13:54Since brown eggs cost a little more,

00:13:56you might think they have something different that justifies their price.

00:14:00Well, no.

00:14:02The color of the shell has no effect on the nutritional value and quality of the egg.

00:14:08Both types of eggs are perfectly healthy.

00:14:11Brown eggs are more expensive because the hens that lay them need more food.

00:14:16So they cost more to raise than the hens that lay the white eggs.

00:14:20This cost impacts the consumer.

00:14:23There's a hole in the handles of some pans and some pans.

00:14:27Most of us use this hole to hang the pans on the wall.

00:14:30But it's also used for something else.

00:14:32Imagine you're making a feast for your whole family.

00:14:36The kitchen counter is full of utensils.

00:14:39You don't know where to put the wooden spoon.

00:14:42You can put it in the hole in the handle of the pan.

00:14:45It won't move until someone decides to stir the sauce.

00:14:48All the spoons don't go in the hole, however.

00:14:51You have to make sure they don't fall.

00:14:53It's better to test that they hold well when they're clean.

00:14:57Imagine you're buying noodles with extra toppings to take home.

00:15:03You've recently moved and all the plates are still in the boxes.

00:15:07You can't get by with your box of noodles.

00:15:10All the toppings are at the bottom of the box and the sauce doesn't mix.

00:15:14We've never really known how to use boxes of noodles to take home.

00:15:17They can flatten and be used like plates.

00:15:20You just have to pull on the chopsticks of the box.

00:15:23And there you go, you have your plate.

00:15:25The best part is that you don't have to do the dishes afterwards.

00:15:28Did you know that tomatoes aren't vegetables but fruits?

00:15:32Avocados too.

00:15:33Watermelon is a berry.

00:15:34But that's not all.

00:15:36Peanuts are not part of the family of peanuts.

00:15:39They're not like almonds and cashews.

00:15:42Peanuts grow underground.

00:15:44Their stalks look like potatoes.

00:15:47The visible part of the plant looks like a bush.

00:15:50Peanuts are not considered as fruit because they don't grow on trees.

00:15:55They work like carrots.

00:15:57The next time you eat peanuts with friends, you can tell them this story.

00:16:02Or to start a conversation with someone who eats them.

00:16:05The classification of fruits and vegetables is not a simple thing.

00:16:09Did you know who invented t-shirts?

00:16:12In 1904, the Cooper Underwear Company launched an ad for this new product

00:16:17by showing pictures of a before and after.

00:16:20At first, they were body shirts.

00:16:22The slogan was the following.

00:16:24No pins, no buttons, no needles, no thread.

00:16:28As their name indicated, they were clothes that had to be worn under a shirt.

00:16:33It was decided that sailors would wear these body shirts without buttons under their uniforms.

00:16:39Love for t-shirts spread at the speed of light.

00:16:43Very quickly, thousands of people started wearing them.

00:16:46Although t-shirts date back to the 19th century,

00:16:49today we couldn't live without them.

00:16:52Do you also wear t-shirts like sailors?

00:16:56The Mozilla Firefox logo is a fox that kisses the planet.

00:17:01The original logo of the browser was a phoenix bird born from its flames

00:17:05and was designed in 2002.

00:17:07At the time, the browser was called Mozilla Firebird.

00:17:11Two years later, it changed its name to become Firefox.

00:17:15It is the English nickname of the panda bear.

00:17:18It is a rare and protected animal from Asia.

00:17:21A bear standing on its hind legs is hidden in the famous Toblerone logo.

00:17:26The chocolate bar in the shape of a mountain was created in Bern,

00:17:30the Swiss capital, by Emil Baumann and Theodor Tobler.

00:17:34The city is nicknamed the city of bears, and a bear appears on its armories.

00:17:39That's why this image appears on the image of the mountain Matterhorn,

00:17:43which inspired the logo.

00:17:45The image of a happy girl in the Wendy's logo

00:17:48was inspired by the daughter of the creator of the fast-food chain Dave Thomas.

00:17:52Wendy is her nickname.

00:17:54If you look closer, you will see that her collar is decorated with the word Mom.

00:17:58Whether intentional or not, this word has become a symbol of the family atmosphere

00:18:02that the restaurant gives to its customers.

00:18:059h41, the time indicated in the advertisements of the iPhone,

00:18:08is not a random choice of numbers.

00:18:11In 2007, Steve Jobs presented the iPhone to the public for the first time

00:18:15after a 41-minute presentation at 9h41 exactly.

00:18:20The first Apple logo was built in 1976

00:18:24and represented Sir Isaac Newton sitting under a tree

00:18:27with an apple on the point of falling on his head.

00:18:30But it seemed too complex and unclear for many,

00:18:33so Steve Jobs wanted to replace it.

00:18:36The designer of the new logo, Rob Yanoff,

00:18:38therefore imagined the apple that we all know today.

00:18:41He probably got inspired by the original logo,

00:18:44but wanted to make it simpler.

00:18:46He added the bite so that no one would confuse it with a cherry,

00:18:49a peach or any other round fruit with a stem.

00:18:52Without realizing it, he added a funny pun to the logo.

00:18:55Bite, bite in English, looks a lot like the computer term.

00:19:00The Toyota logo symbolizes the meeting of the hearts of customers and the company.

00:19:04Two superimposed ovals represent the tea and the other the steering wheel.

00:19:08The outer oval represents the world that embraces Toyota.

00:19:12The background represents the values of the company,

00:19:15a great quality, a quality beyond expectations,

00:19:18the pleasure of driving,

00:19:20innovation and integrity in terms of security,

00:19:23the environment and social responsibility.

00:19:27The life insurance of Apollo 11 astronauts cost a fortune,

00:19:31so the mission was risky and unpredictable.

00:19:34Astronauts could not afford it,

00:19:36so they signed hundreds of contracts that their families could sell

00:19:40to finance large expenses in case something went wrong.

00:19:43The Snickers chocolate bar was created by Frank Mars,

00:19:47founder of Mars Inc.

00:19:49It was inspired by an already existing confectionery

00:19:51based on nougat, peanuts and caramel

00:19:54and bore the name of the horse of the Mars family.

00:19:57Until 1990, it was known in the United Kingdom

00:20:00as the Marathon chocolate bar.

00:20:02As soon as they changed the name to Snickers,

00:20:04it went from first to third place

00:20:06in the most sold chocolate bars in Great Britain.

00:20:09When the NBC logo was designed,

00:20:12color TVs were still revolutionary devices.

00:20:16The logo with a rainbow of colors highlighted it.

00:20:21The pan echoed the phrase

00:20:23as proud as a pan.

00:20:25It was about showing that they were proud of their new color system.

00:20:30The six different colors of the feathers

00:20:32represent the six different divisions of NBC.

00:20:35The yellow arrow of the Amazon logo,

00:20:37which starts with A and ends with Z,

00:20:39shows that you can buy everything from A to Z.

00:20:42It also looks like a smile,

00:20:44which symbolizes the happiness of customers.

00:20:46The original name of the company was not Amazon,

00:20:49but Cadabra Inc.

00:20:51Jeff Bezos also experimented with different names

00:20:53for his website,

00:20:55and one of them, Relentless.com,

00:20:57still refers to Amazon.

00:21:00The CEO of Papa John's Pizza,

00:21:02John Schnatter,

00:21:03created his company in the closet of a bar

00:21:06he ran with his father in Indiana in 1984.

00:21:10Over the years,

00:21:12it has become the third largest pizza chain in the world,

00:21:15with 5,500 restaurants in 49 countries.

00:21:20Baskin-Robbins has 31 different flavors,

00:21:23and the letters B and R of the logo

00:21:25hide this number.

00:21:27The B curve means 3,

00:21:29and the R stripe means 1.

00:21:33Even today,

00:21:34you can visit the first website ever created,

00:21:36called the World Wide Web Project.

00:21:39It was launched in 1991

00:21:42and is now used as a historical archive

00:21:44on the World Wide Web.

00:21:46There is not a single image,

00:21:47only text.

00:21:48The web itself was invented by Tim Berners-Lee,

00:21:51a British scientist who worked at CERN,

00:21:54the European Organization for Nuclear Research,

00:21:57in 1989.

00:21:59The first product scanned in a supermarket

00:22:01was a pack of Ringley Juicy Fruit chewing gums

00:22:04in 1974 in Troy, Ohio.

00:22:08The bar code was invented and patented in 1952,

00:22:11but the idea only took off

00:22:13when its inventor started working for IBM.

00:22:16Until then,

00:22:17supermarket employees had to put a price tag

00:22:19on each item,

00:22:20and cashiers had to read the labels

00:22:22and type the price by hand.

00:22:25The Quicksilver logo

00:22:26is a personalized version

00:22:28of the Great Wave in Kanagawa,

00:22:30a famous Japanese artist Okusai's wooden engraving.

00:22:34When Quicksilver expanded its activities

00:22:36and launched a female brand, Roxy,

00:22:38it reversed its logo

00:22:40to make it look like a heart.

00:22:42Until 2010,

00:22:43high-speed rural internet

00:22:45was slower than passenger pigeons.

00:22:47No, it's not a joke.

00:22:49During a speed test,

00:22:51they let USB-keyed pigeons

00:22:53fly away from a Yorkshire farm

00:22:55to cover a distance of 80 km.

00:22:58They finished the race an hour and a half later.

00:23:01At that time,

00:23:02only 24% of a 300-megabyte file

00:23:04had been downloaded.

00:23:07Picasa allows you to organize

00:23:09and visualize your online images,

00:23:11and its logo is more than a simple

00:23:13multi-color camera shutter.

00:23:15The white space in the middle

00:23:17forms a house,

00:23:18which means it will be a safe home

00:23:20for your photos.

00:23:21Its name also contains the word

00:23:23house or casa,

00:23:24and pi means pixel.

00:23:27The letters L and G of the LG logo

00:23:29form a human face.

00:23:31L is the nose,

00:23:32and G represents the rest.

00:23:34They call it the face of the future,

00:23:36and the idea was to give the brand

00:23:38a human element

00:23:39and make it more convivial.

00:23:42Many tech companies

00:23:44test their new products in New Zealand.

00:23:46It is an ethnically diverse country

00:23:48with people who speak English,

00:23:50and above all,

00:23:51it is so isolated

00:23:52that news about the failure of the products

00:23:54does not spread so quickly.

00:23:57The FedEx logo

00:23:58may seem basic

00:23:59in terms of its colors and polish,

00:24:01but it hides an arrow

00:24:02between the letters E and X.

00:24:04It represents speed,

00:24:06precision,

00:24:07perfection,

00:24:08and perseverance

00:24:09in achieving goals.

00:24:12The four rings of the Audi logo

00:24:14represent the four companies

00:24:15that worked together to create it.

00:24:17Audi,

00:24:18DKW,

00:24:19Horsch,

00:24:20and Vanderer.

00:24:21The latter started

00:24:22as a bicycle repair shop.

00:24:26Gillette,

00:24:27famous for its razors,

00:24:28wanted its logo

00:24:29to be as sharp and precise as possible.

00:24:32This is how they ended up

00:24:33with a cut between G and I

00:24:35that forms blades

00:24:36one on top of the other.

00:24:38The black and white colors of the logo

00:24:40symbolize elegance,

00:24:41purity,

00:24:42prestige,

00:24:43and excellence.

00:24:45Some people are afraid of technology.

00:24:47They suffer from technophobia.

00:24:49Today,

00:24:50this fear mainly concerns

00:24:51new complex devices

00:24:52such as computers,

00:24:54but it found its roots

00:24:55during the Industrial Revolution.

00:24:57It began in the 18th century

00:24:59when workers feared

00:25:01that new machines

00:25:02would take their jobs.

00:25:04Google rents goats

00:25:05to a company

00:25:06specializing in California

00:25:07to graze its lawns.

00:25:09They bring about 200 goats

00:25:10to Google's headquarters

00:25:11in Mountain View.

00:25:13It takes them about a week

00:25:14to eat all the useless grass

00:25:16and fertilize the field.

00:25:18Domino's founders

00:25:20had originally planned

00:25:21to add a dot

00:25:22to the logo's domino

00:25:23for each new opening,

00:25:25but growth was too fast

00:25:26and too important for that,

00:25:28and they decided

00:25:29to keep only three dots

00:25:30for the three original sites.

00:25:33In 2004,

00:25:34ArrowBase

00:25:35became the first new character

00:25:36to be added to the Morse code

00:25:38for the first time

00:25:39in at least 60 years.

00:25:41It consists of signals

00:25:42for A and C

00:25:43with no space between them.

00:25:45You can now

00:25:46scan your Morse email

00:25:48if you ever need to.

00:25:51During its 150 years of history,

00:25:53Levis underwent

00:25:54eight changes to its logo.

00:25:56The first was called

00:25:57the Two Holes Brand.

00:25:59It contained a lot of detail.

00:26:01The current logo,

00:26:02known as Batwing,

00:26:03is over 50 years old

00:26:05and represents the shape

00:26:06of a pocket

00:26:07that can be found

00:26:08on each pair of Levis jeans.

00:26:09It is supposed to give

00:26:10a family vibe

00:26:11to the person wearing it.

00:26:12It is also supposed

00:26:13to give an impression

00:26:14of youth,

00:26:15but also of timelessness.

00:26:17The Evernote app,

00:26:19which stores your notes,

00:26:20has an elephant logo

00:26:21because a saying goes,

00:26:22an elephant never forgets,

00:26:24and these animals

00:26:25do have

00:26:26an impressive memory.

00:26:27The elephant's ear

00:26:28is curved like a post-it.

00:26:30The H on the Hyundai logo

00:26:32is not just

00:26:33the company's name.

00:26:34It is the outline

00:26:35of two people

00:26:36holding hands.

00:26:37It is an exchange

00:26:38of confidence

00:26:39between the company

00:26:40and its customers.

00:26:41The oval around the numbers

00:26:42is a symbol

00:26:43of Hyundai's global expansion.

00:26:45The silver color

00:26:46symbolizes sophistication

00:26:48and perfection.

00:26:49The digital blue version

00:26:51reflects reliability

00:26:52and excellence.

00:26:54Lacoste found

00:26:55its emblematic logo

00:26:56thanks to a bet

00:26:57that René Lacoste,

00:26:58co-founder of the company

00:26:59and tennis player,

00:27:00made with the captain

00:27:01of the French team

00:27:02of the Coupe Davis.

00:27:04The captain promised

00:27:05to give Lacoste

00:27:06a crocodile skin suit

00:27:07if he won the match.

00:27:09Lacoste did not win,

00:27:10but he took

00:27:11his nickname crocodile.

00:27:13He had a crocodile embroidered

00:27:14on his tennis jacket.

00:27:16When the time came

00:27:17to launch his clothing brand,

00:27:19the crocodile

00:27:20took the bait.

00:27:22Oreos are the most popular

00:27:23manufactured biscuit in the world,

00:27:25with more than

00:27:2640 billion pieces

00:27:27produced each year.

00:27:29Originally,

00:27:30they were sold

00:27:31at a price of

00:27:32$2.35

00:27:33for 4 kilograms.

00:27:35A circle topped

00:27:36with a 2-bar cross

00:27:37is to be placed

00:27:38on each biscuit.

00:27:39This Nabisco logo

00:27:40is a European symbol

00:27:41of quality.

00:27:43When Michael Dell

00:27:44founded his company

00:27:45in 1984,

00:27:46he planned to

00:27:47shake the world

00:27:48with his company.

00:27:49This is why the E

00:27:50in Dell's logo

00:27:51is tilted.

00:27:53The blue color

00:27:54represents loyalty,

00:27:55reliability,

00:27:56confidence

00:27:57and intelligence.

00:27:59The first mechanical alarm

00:28:00could only ring

00:28:01at one o'clock

00:28:02at 4 a.m.

00:28:04It was invented

00:28:05by Levi Hutchins

00:28:06in 1787

00:28:07in Concord

00:28:08in New Hampshire.

00:28:10Hutchins designed

00:28:11this device

00:28:12to wake up

00:28:13to go to work.

00:28:15The first alarm

00:28:16prototype

00:28:17was invented

00:28:18by the Greeks

00:28:19in 250 B.C.

00:28:20They used rising water

00:28:21to set off

00:28:22a whistle.

00:28:25The Airbnb logo

00:28:26is not a folded trombone.

00:28:27It is a bello

00:28:28which means

00:28:29belonging.

00:28:31It is the head

00:28:32of a person,

00:28:33the location symbol

00:28:34and a heart

00:28:35for love.

00:28:36Together,

00:28:37these symbols

00:28:38form the famous

00:28:39A of Airbnb.

00:28:41In 2006,

00:28:42Qatar Telecom

00:28:43organized a charity

00:28:44auction

00:28:45during which

00:28:46it sold

00:28:47the phone number

00:28:48666 66 66

00:28:49to an anonymous

00:28:50auctioneer

00:28:51for 2.75 million

00:28:52dollars.

00:28:53It has become

00:28:54the most expensive

00:28:55phone number

00:28:56in the world.

00:28:58The Segway Polo

00:28:59is a sport

00:29:00with active teams

00:29:01all over the world.

00:29:02It does not require

00:29:03any particular

00:29:04physical condition,

00:29:05has no age limit

00:29:06and is gaining popularity.

00:29:07The game

00:29:08takes place

00:29:09in 4 sections

00:29:10of 8 minutes

00:29:11and the goal

00:29:12is to throw the ball

00:29:13into the goal

00:29:14using a special hammer.

00:29:15If you look

00:29:16closely at the logo

00:29:17of the Tour de France,

00:29:18you will notice

00:29:19that a cyclist

00:29:20hides in the O,

00:29:21U and R.

00:29:22The second message

00:29:23hidden here

00:29:24is the yellow circle

00:29:25which represents

00:29:26the stages of the race

00:29:27which only take place

00:29:28during the day.

00:29:30The ghost vibration

00:29:31syndrome

00:29:32is the name

00:29:33given to this feeling

00:29:34when you think

00:29:35your phone is vibrating

00:29:36but it is not.

00:29:37If this happens to you often,

00:29:38it may be the sign

00:29:39that you are too absorbed

00:29:40by your phone.

00:29:42The Sony Vaio logo

00:29:43symbolizes the integration

00:29:44of analog and digital

00:29:45technologies

00:29:46in these products.

00:29:48The letters V and A

00:29:49look like an analog

00:29:50wave

00:29:51and the letters I and O

00:29:52look like the numbers

00:29:531 and 0

00:29:54of a digital signal

00:29:55or a binary code.

00:29:57The original Xbox

00:29:58contained sound extracts

00:29:59edited from

00:30:00real transmissions

00:30:01of the Apollo space missions.

00:30:02If you kept it

00:30:03on the home screen,

00:30:04you would end up

00:30:05hearing fragments

00:30:06of real conversations

00:30:07of the mission.

00:30:09Pinterest allows you

00:30:10to pin the things

00:30:11you find interesting

00:30:12on your online tables.

00:30:13This is exactly

00:30:14what its logo shows.

00:30:15It is a mosaic

00:30:16of images

00:30:17and images

00:30:18which are

00:30:19displayed

00:30:20on Pinterest.

00:30:21It is a motif of pins

00:30:22hidden in the letter P.

00:30:23The P-shape of the pins

00:30:24is an important part

00:30:25of the image

00:30:26of Pinterest brands

00:30:27to encourage people

00:30:28to pin more things

00:30:29by imitating

00:30:30the action

00:30:31of pushing a pin

00:30:32into a painting.

00:30:34Pepsi spent

00:30:35about $1 million

00:30:36to design its logo

00:30:37with many

00:30:38secret meanings.

00:30:40It refers to Feng Shui,

00:30:41Renaissance,

00:30:42Earth's magnetic field,

00:30:43the theory of relativity,

00:30:44the joconde

00:30:45and the Parthenon,

00:30:46among others,

00:30:47and is supposed

00:30:48to be the key

00:30:49to the universe.

00:30:51Nintendo was founded

00:30:52in 1889,

00:30:54long before

00:30:55computers

00:30:56as a card company.

00:30:58It still produces them

00:30:59in Japan

00:31:00and even organizes

00:31:01a bridge tournament

00:31:02called

00:31:03the Nintendo Cup.

00:31:04In 1973,

00:31:05an engineer

00:31:06from Motorola

00:31:07made the first

00:31:08telephone call

00:31:09in the history

00:31:10since the 6th Avenue

00:31:11in New York.

00:31:12He used

00:31:13a prototype

00:31:14of 1 kilo

00:31:15to call

00:31:16a rival

00:31:17of Bell Laboratories.

00:31:18The telephone

00:31:19was almost

00:31:20the size

00:31:21of a shoebox.

00:31:22It allowed

00:31:23its owner

00:31:24to talk

00:31:25for 35 hours

00:31:26and needed

00:31:2710 hours

00:31:28to recharge.

00:31:29The first commercial

00:31:30text message

00:31:31in history

00:31:32was sent

00:31:33on December 3, 1992.

00:31:34It wished

00:31:35a happy

00:31:36New Year's Eve

00:31:37to its sender

00:31:38who was

00:31:39a Vodafone sender.

00:31:40Today,

00:31:41the number

00:31:42of text messages

00:31:43sent

00:31:44is 6 billion

00:31:45per day.

00:31:46Apple had

00:31:47a company

00:31:48called

00:31:49Apple Collection.

00:31:50They did it

00:31:51one year

00:31:52after Steve Jobs

00:31:53resigned.

00:31:54The idea

00:31:55was to see

00:31:56how far

00:31:57their fans

00:31:58would go

00:31:59to buy

00:32:00clothes,

00:32:01accessories

00:32:02and articles

00:32:03of the brand.

00:32:04The horizontal lines

00:32:05of the IBM logo

00:32:06remind us

00:32:07of the time

00:32:08when photocopies

00:32:09had trouble

00:32:10reproducing

00:32:11large blocks

00:32:12of solid ink.

00:32:13Originally,

00:32:14the logo

00:32:15had 14 lines

00:32:16to show

00:32:17the problem

00:32:18of ink loss.

00:32:19The character

00:32:20polis at the bottom

00:32:21of the M

00:32:22has an equal sign

00:32:23to show

00:32:24that it values

00:32:25equality.

00:32:265 megaoctets

00:32:27of data

00:32:28used to weigh

00:32:29one ton.

00:32:30In 1953,

00:32:31the engineers

00:32:32of the IBM laboratory

00:32:33invented

00:32:34the first hard drive.

00:32:35The box

00:32:36that contained it

00:32:37weighed more

00:32:38than 1,000 kilos

00:32:39and could only

00:32:40contain

00:32:415 megaoctets

00:32:42of data.

00:32:43The logo

00:32:44of McDonald's

00:32:45was the symbol

00:32:46of a restaurant.

00:32:47They understood

00:32:48that potential customers

00:32:49could see them

00:32:50from the highway

00:32:51and would stop.

00:32:52The first

00:32:53computer mouse

00:32:54in the world

00:32:55was invented

00:32:56in 1964

00:32:57and was called

00:32:58XY Position

00:32:59Indicator

00:33:00for Display Systems.

00:33:01It was rectangular

00:33:02and made of wood

00:33:03with a small button

00:33:04at the top right.

00:33:05The inventor,

00:33:06Doug Engelbart,

00:33:07called it

00:33:08mouse

00:33:09because of the cord

00:33:10that came out

00:33:11and looked like

00:33:12a mouse.

00:33:13The name

00:33:14came from

00:33:15a combination

00:33:16of mitsu

00:33:17which means

00:33:18three

00:33:19and ishi

00:33:20which means

00:33:21chestnut water.

00:33:22The Japanese

00:33:23used this word

00:33:24to designate

00:33:25a diamond shape.

00:33:26So,

00:33:27put together,

00:33:28the name

00:33:29of the brand

00:33:30translates

00:33:31as

00:33:32three diamonds.

00:33:33The shape

00:33:34of the shield

00:33:35of the NFL

00:33:36symbolizes

00:33:37the league's commitment

00:33:38to providing

00:33:39the highest level

00:33:40of sports entertainment.

00:33:41The eight stars

00:33:42represent

00:33:43the highest level

00:33:44of sports entertainment.

00:33:45To do this,

00:33:46you had to press

00:33:47the left arrow

00:33:48and press F3.

00:33:49The Northwest Airlines

00:33:50logo

00:33:51has a N

00:33:52and a W

00:33:53in negative spaces.

00:33:54The triangle

00:33:55in the circle

00:33:56is a compass

00:33:57pointing

00:33:58to the northwest.

00:33:59The airline

00:34:00flew in the air

00:34:01from 1926

00:34:02to 2010,

00:34:03when it merged

00:34:04with Delta.

00:34:05A study

00:34:06by the Beth Israel

00:34:07Medical Center

00:34:08in New York

00:34:09showed that

00:34:10surgeons who grew up

00:34:11playing video games

00:34:12make 37% less mistakes,

00:34:13work 27%

00:34:14faster

00:34:15and get

00:34:1642%

00:34:17better results

00:34:18in surgical

00:34:19skills tests.

00:34:21The Mercedes-Benz

00:34:22brand

00:34:23is the result

00:34:24of the merger

00:34:25of Gottlieb Daimler

00:34:26and Carl Benz.

00:34:27The logo

00:34:28of the company

00:34:29Benz,

00:34:30which consisted

00:34:31of a text

00:34:32Benz

00:34:33surrounded

00:34:34by a laurel wreath,

00:34:35was placed

00:34:36as a brand

00:34:37in 1909.

00:34:38Daimler

00:34:39had a Mercedes star

00:34:40as a logo.

00:34:41They obtained

00:34:42a new common logo

00:34:43consisting of

00:34:44Daimler's Mercedes star

00:34:45and Benz's laurel wreath.

00:34:46The star

00:34:47has three points

00:34:48representing

00:34:49the earth,

00:34:50the sea

00:34:51and the air.

00:34:52These are the three

00:34:53environments

00:34:54the company

00:34:55originally planned

00:34:56to dominate.

00:34:57Carrefour

00:34:58has a logical

00:34:59logo

00:35:00of two

00:35:01stylized arrows

00:35:02symbolizing

00:35:03the different directions

00:35:04we can take.

00:35:05The logo

00:35:06has the French

00:35:07national colors

00:35:08blue,

00:35:09white and red

00:35:11Salvador Dali

00:35:12designed the logo

00:35:13of the Chupa Chups

00:35:14lollipops.

00:35:15The artist

00:35:16placed the text

00:35:17already existing

00:35:18on a colored background

00:35:19in the shape of a marguerite.

00:35:20He also wanted

00:35:21to move the logo

00:35:22to the top

00:35:23of the lollipop

00:35:24from the side

00:35:25so that it is

00:35:26always intact

00:35:27and visible

00:35:28for the buyers.

00:35:29The very first

00:35:30computer virus

00:35:31was developed

00:35:32in 1971.

00:35:33It was named

00:35:34the Creeper program

00:35:35and designed

00:35:36as a security test

00:35:37to see

00:35:38how it spread

00:35:40Samsung

00:35:41was founded

00:35:42as a grocery store

00:35:43on March 1, 1938

00:35:44which gives it

00:35:4538 years

00:35:46and one more month

00:35:47than Apple

00:35:48founded on April 1, 1976.

00:35:51The first phone

00:35:52was made available

00:35:53to the public

00:35:54in 1874.

00:35:56It took 3 years

00:35:57for it to be present

00:35:58in the homes

00:35:59of about 50,000 people

00:36:00and 75 years more

00:36:01to reach

00:36:02the number

00:36:03of 50 million people.

00:36:05It only took

00:36:0638 years on the radio

00:36:07to reach

00:36:08the same number

00:36:09and television

00:36:10only took 13 years

00:36:11to reach it.

00:36:13Google's logo

00:36:14seems to be quite basic

00:36:15in terms of colors.

00:36:16There is red,

00:36:17yellow

00:36:18and primary blue.

00:36:19But they also

00:36:20added green

00:36:21which interrupts

00:36:22the primary colors

00:36:23diagram.

00:36:24This is supposed to show

00:36:25that Google

00:36:26is an innovator

00:36:27who does not do

00:36:28what is expected of him

00:36:29and stands out

00:36:30from other companies.

00:36:31The Shell oil giant

00:36:32has existed

00:36:33since 1904

00:36:34and its yellow-red logo

00:36:35has changed a lot

00:36:36over the years.

00:36:37The original

00:36:38was a more realistic

00:36:39image of a shell.

00:36:41The current logo

00:36:42is more stylized.

00:36:44With selfies

00:36:45invading social networks,

00:36:46phone manufacturers

00:36:47had to adapt

00:36:48to the way

00:36:49people hold their phones

00:36:50and use their cameras.

00:36:51Apparently,

00:36:52most users

00:36:53tilt their heads

00:36:54slightly to the right

00:36:55when taking selfies.

00:36:56Great!

00:36:57This gives you

00:36:58a more natural look

00:36:59which makes the image

00:37:00more beautiful

00:37:01so you feel better.

00:37:02The cameras

00:37:03on the back

00:37:04of most phones

00:37:05are also on the left side.

00:37:06Sorry for the lefties,

00:37:07this was designed

00:37:08for the righties

00:37:09who are much more numerous.

00:37:11The word Everest

00:37:12may attract all the attention

00:37:13but Mauna Kea,

00:37:14in Hawaii,

00:37:15is technically

00:37:16the highest mountain

00:37:17in the world.

00:37:18Measuring more than

00:37:1910 km from its base

00:37:20to its top,

00:37:21the only thing

00:37:22that prevents Mauna Kea

00:37:23from winning the title

00:37:24is that it is

00:37:25largely underwater.

00:37:26Australia is

00:37:27larger than the Moon.

00:37:28The Moon

00:37:29has a diameter

00:37:30of more than 3,400 km

00:37:31while the width

00:37:32of Australia

00:37:33from one coast to the other

00:37:34is almost 4,000 km.

00:37:35The Earth

00:37:36has a surface area

00:37:37of more than

00:37:3838 million km2.

00:37:39The anathema

00:37:40is a phobia

00:37:41and the fear

00:37:42that anywhere in the world

00:37:43a duck or a guinea fowl

00:37:44can watch you.

00:37:45The person

00:37:46who suffers from it

00:37:47is not necessarily afraid

00:37:48that the duck

00:37:49or the guinea fowl

00:37:50get too close to it

00:37:51or even touch it.

00:37:52They just don't like

00:37:53the feeling

00:37:54of being watched.

00:37:55This phobia

00:37:56was described

00:37:57for the first time

00:37:58in a cartoon

00:37:59to show that

00:38:00everyone can be afraid

00:38:01of anything.

00:38:02Everything can become

00:38:03a phobia.

00:38:05Crows

00:38:06are pretty good

00:38:07at recognizing

00:38:08people's faces

00:38:09and we even noticed

00:38:10that they remember it

00:38:11for a long time.

00:38:12It can be a good

00:38:13or a bad thing

00:38:14depending on your kindness

00:38:15towards them.

00:38:16You wouldn't want to

00:38:17meet a crow

00:38:18that hates you.

00:38:19Besides,

00:38:20you probably won't

00:38:21recognize it

00:38:22so it's better

00:38:23to play it safe

00:38:24and give everyone

00:38:25a little helping hand.

00:38:26In the city of Euro

00:38:27in Central America

00:38:28they have an annual event

00:38:29known as

00:38:30Fish Rain

00:38:31which is not optional.

00:38:32Every year

00:38:33the most torrential

00:38:34storm crosses the city

00:38:35leaving behind

00:38:36an incredible amount

00:38:37of fish in the streets.

00:38:38We think

00:38:39this phenomenon

00:38:40is caused by

00:38:41water storms

00:38:42or water tornadoes

00:38:43that transport

00:38:44the poor fish

00:38:45far from home.

00:38:46Free seafood delivery?

00:38:47Why not?

00:38:48A photon.

00:38:49The most elementary

00:38:50part of light

00:38:51takes thousands

00:38:52or even millions of years

00:38:53to travel from the core

00:38:54of the sun

00:38:55to its surface.

00:38:56But it only takes

00:38:578 minutes and 20 seconds

00:38:58on average

00:38:59to get to your eye

00:39:00once it's at the surface.

00:39:01This means that

00:39:02your eye is very old

00:39:03older than

00:39:04the human race itself.

00:39:05There are only 4 words

00:39:06in the English language

00:39:07that end with

00:39:08DUS

00:39:09tremendous

00:39:10horrendous

00:39:11stupendous

00:39:12and hazardous.

00:39:13If you have to

00:39:14find rhymes

00:39:15you are warned.

00:39:16A single strand

00:39:17of spaghetti

00:39:18on your fork

00:39:19has a name.

00:39:20It's called

00:39:21a spaghetto.

00:39:22In the Italian language

00:39:23an I at the end of the word

00:39:24means that it is

00:39:25in the plural

00:39:26while a O

00:39:27indicates the singular.

00:39:28And this goes for

00:39:29all types of pasta

00:39:30like gnocchi

00:39:31fettuccino

00:39:32instead of fettuccini

00:39:33and raviolo

00:39:34for one of these

00:39:35divine delicacies.

00:39:36Eating the sticker

00:39:37of an apple

00:39:38of a peach

00:39:39or a pear

00:39:40shouldn't worry you

00:39:41out of proportion.

00:39:42They can be eaten

00:39:43even if they are

00:39:44not really edible.

00:39:45They will just leave

00:39:46your body

00:39:47like everything else.

00:39:48The glue used

00:39:49to stick them

00:39:50is regulated

00:39:51by the health authorities.

00:39:52But it is always recommended

00:39:53to wash the fruit

00:39:54and remove the sticker

00:39:55before biting it.

00:39:56Dolphins

00:39:57don't only have names

00:39:58for each other

00:39:59but they call

00:40:00each other

00:40:01in different ways.

00:40:02Which brings us

00:40:03to the question

00:40:04of what names

00:40:05dolphins have

00:40:06for us

00:40:07when we go into the water.

00:40:08Look Frank,

00:40:09these hairy monkeys

00:40:10are back in the water.

00:40:11The German chocolate cake

00:40:12is one of the most

00:40:13delicious cakes

00:40:14but its name

00:40:15has nothing to do

00:40:16with the country.

00:40:17It is named

00:40:18after an American baker

00:40:19called Samuel German

00:40:20who invented

00:40:21this tasty dessert

00:40:22in 1852.

00:40:23The Eiffel Tower

00:40:24can be 15 cm

00:40:25higher during the summer

00:40:26because of the thermal expansion.

00:40:27When the iron

00:40:28heats up

00:40:29the iron particles

00:40:30expand

00:40:31and take up

00:40:32even more space.

00:40:33Two planets

00:40:34of our solar system

00:40:35rotate in the opposite direction

00:40:36of the others.

00:40:37Venus and Uranus

00:40:38rotate in the opposite direction.

00:40:39Venus also has

00:40:40the longest day

00:40:41of all the planets

00:40:42of our solar system

00:40:43because it rotates

00:40:44every 243 earth days.

00:40:45A baby macaque

00:40:46has the lovely name

00:40:47of Puffling.

00:40:48To feed its chick

00:40:49the macaque parent

00:40:50puts about

00:40:5110 fish

00:40:52in its beak.

00:40:53While you sleep

00:40:54you can't smell anything

00:40:55even the very bad

00:40:56or very bad

00:40:57smells

00:40:59Our sense of taste

00:41:00and odour

00:41:01are reduced

00:41:02from 50% to 20%

00:41:03during flights.

00:41:04That's why the food

00:41:05of planes

00:41:06always tastes like cardboard

00:41:07or is too salty

00:41:08or it's a very convenient

00:41:09excuse for airlines.

00:41:10Look at any

00:41:11advertisement

00:41:12for a watch

00:41:13and the time displayed

00:41:14should be

00:41:1510.10 am.

00:41:16It's because of

00:41:17the positive effect

00:41:18of this position

00:41:19of the hands.

00:41:20It looks like a smile

00:41:21and generally

00:41:22the mark of the watch

00:41:23is directly

00:41:24under 12.

00:41:25The longest English word

00:41:26has an incredible length

00:41:27of 189,819 letters.

00:41:28We're not going

00:41:29to read them all here

00:41:30but it's the full name

00:41:31of the big protein

00:41:32nicknamed titine.

00:41:33To say it out loud

00:41:34it would take

00:41:35more than 3 hours

00:41:36so take a nap

00:41:37and sit down comfortably

00:41:38because we're going

00:41:39to have some for a moment.

00:41:40Bird

00:41:41with its 6 letters

00:41:42is the shortest word

00:41:43in the French language

00:41:44which contains

00:41:45the 5 main vowels.

00:41:46Green balls

00:41:47can bounce

00:41:48higher than the rubber ones.

00:41:49When a rubber ball

00:41:50hits a surface

00:41:51it deforms

00:41:52before taking

00:41:53its initial form

00:41:54and a lot of energy

00:41:55is lost

00:41:56in this process.

00:41:57A green ball

00:41:58doesn't compress at all

00:41:59and retains

00:42:00a large part

00:42:01of its energy

00:42:02to bounce up.

00:42:03Here's a scoop.

00:42:04Kangaroos

00:42:05can't walk upside down.

00:42:06Their long feet

00:42:07and their heavy tail

00:42:08make this movement impossible.

00:42:09They can move

00:42:10from one side to the other

00:42:11with incredible agility

00:42:12but jumping upside down

00:42:13is impossible

00:42:14because of this

00:42:15big muscular tail.

00:42:16The loneliest creature

00:42:17on the planet

00:42:18is a whale

00:42:19which has been looking

00:42:20for a partner

00:42:21for a long time.

00:42:22Researchers have identified

00:42:23its abnormally high call

00:42:24decades ago

00:42:25but we think

00:42:26it never got an answer.

00:42:27The unknown whale

00:42:28is called lonely

00:42:29because it communicates

00:42:30to a frequency

00:42:31that is not used

00:42:32by any other whale

00:42:33in the Pacific Ocean.

00:42:34How sad.

00:42:35During this time

00:42:36the green whale

00:42:37can imitate

00:42:38almost every sound

00:42:39it hears

00:42:40including

00:42:41that of a trombone.

00:42:42Australian species

00:42:43don't just copy

00:42:44other birds

00:42:45but also other animals

00:42:46like koalas

00:42:47and dogs.

00:42:48In captivity

00:42:49they also copy

00:42:50artificial sounds

00:42:51like car or truck alarms

00:42:52and trombones.

00:42:53The northern hemisphere

00:42:54has a population

00:42:55of about 80%

00:42:56of the world population.

00:42:57No wonder

00:42:58that the streets

00:42:59are so crowded.

00:43:00The cougar

00:43:01has more names

00:43:02than any other animal

00:43:03because it has

00:43:04more than 80 hands.

00:43:05The puma,

00:43:06the mountain lion,

00:43:07the panther

00:43:08and the catamount

00:43:09are all the same

00:43:10but don't confuse

00:43:11them with the lynx,

00:43:12the jaguar

00:43:13or the leopard.

00:43:14They don't really

00:43:15like them.

00:43:16Most people

00:43:17can't lick

00:43:18their own elbows.

00:43:19The length of the arm

00:43:20combined with

00:43:21the limit of flexibility

00:43:22of the joints

00:43:23makes it impossible

00:43:24to reach it.

00:43:25Try it.

00:43:26That's it.

00:43:27Time's up.

00:43:28The peacocks

00:43:29and the squirrels

00:43:30have beaks

00:43:31like birds.

00:43:32The beak is made

00:43:33of the same material

00:43:34as our nails,

00:43:35keratin.

00:43:36They can also

00:43:37go wherever

00:43:38their beaks go

00:43:39which makes them

00:43:40champions of escape.

00:43:41There are more than

00:43:4231 million seconds

00:43:43in a year.

00:43:44We recently discovered

00:43:45this tiny chameleon

00:43:46in Madagascar.

00:43:47With less than

00:43:482.54 cm long

00:43:49it is the size

00:43:50of a seed

00:43:51and could easily

00:43:52reach the moon.

00:43:53It is nicknamed

00:43:54the nano lizard

00:43:55and still proves

00:43:56how many tiny creatures

00:43:57could hide

00:43:58without being discovered

00:43:59far from the eyes

00:44:00of scientists

00:44:01and researchers.

00:44:02Why do we think

00:44:03so commonly

00:44:04that dogs are

00:44:05daltonians?

00:44:06They really see

00:44:07the colors

00:44:08even if their spectrum

00:44:09is more limited

00:44:10than ours.

00:44:11They distinguish

00:44:12blue, yellow

00:44:13and purple

00:44:14but it would be

00:44:15difficult to make

00:44:16the difference

00:44:17between orange,

00:44:18red and green.

00:44:19So if you want

00:44:20to redecorate

00:44:21you can use

00:44:22purple and blue colors.

00:44:23Animals, plants

00:44:24and humans

00:44:25we are all

00:44:26linked

00:44:27and have common traits

00:44:28because we all evolved

00:44:29from the same

00:44:30micro-ancestor.

00:44:31It is the original

00:44:32ancestor of our planet

00:44:33LUCA

00:44:34this organism

00:44:353.8 billion years old

00:44:36and our last

00:44:37universal common

00:44:38ancestor.

00:44:39Closing your eyes

00:44:40can improve

00:44:41your memory.

00:44:42Let's say

00:44:43you want to listen

00:44:44to a story

00:44:45and see

00:44:46how much

00:44:47you can remember.

00:44:48Studies have shown

00:44:50that if you

00:44:51close your eyes

00:44:52and rest for 15 minutes

00:44:53you will remember

00:44:54better.

00:44:55It is a good technique

00:44:56when you study

00:44:57or try to remember

00:44:58painful information.

00:44:59The pink corner

00:45:00of your eye

00:45:01is actually

00:45:02the vestige

00:45:03of the third eye.

00:45:04We all have

00:45:05this mysterious membrane.

00:45:06The third eye

00:45:07is much more important

00:45:08in some mammals

00:45:09and birds

00:45:10because it protects

00:45:11their eyes

00:45:12from dust.

00:45:13But for humans

00:45:14this tissue

00:45:15does not have

00:45:16a particular function

00:45:17and scientists

00:45:18think

00:45:19we will

00:45:20end up

00:45:21losing it.

00:45:22When potatoes

00:45:23are exposed

00:45:24to too much light

00:45:25they usually

00:45:26turn green

00:45:27because they are

00:45:28in a factory,

00:45:29a warehouse

00:45:30or a field.

00:45:31This happens

00:45:32because they

00:45:33start to form

00:45:34chlorophyll,

00:45:35a pigment

00:45:36that gives

00:45:37plants

00:45:38their green color.

00:45:39So when you

00:45:40see green chips

00:45:41it means

00:45:42they were made

00:45:43from a potato

00:45:44that was exposed

00:45:45to light

00:45:46for a long time.

00:45:47It turns out

00:45:48that green areas

00:45:49on potatoes

00:45:50and on chips

00:45:51are not good

00:45:52for you.

00:45:53Nothing will happen

00:45:54if you eat

00:45:55one or two of them

00:45:56but if you eat

00:45:57too many of them

00:45:58you could feel

00:45:59a certain discomfort.

00:46:02Despite their name

00:46:03some oranges

00:46:04are not orange.

00:46:06Some initially

00:46:07contain large

00:46:08quantities of chlorophyll

00:46:09which gives

00:46:10this citrus

00:46:11its green color.

00:46:12As it ripens

00:46:13the chlorophyll

00:46:14slowly disappears

00:46:15when the fruit

00:46:16is exposed

00:46:17to cold temperatures.

00:46:18It is at this moment

00:46:19that it takes

00:46:20its orange color

00:46:21but it is also

00:46:22the reason

00:46:23why in the hot

00:46:24regions of the world

00:46:25the oranges

00:46:26remain green.

00:46:27If you ordered

00:46:28something small

00:46:29on Amazon

00:46:30like a pen

00:46:31a simple book

00:46:32or something else

00:46:33you may have received it

00:46:34in a box

00:46:35that seemed

00:46:36too big

00:46:37for your article

00:46:38and it is not

00:46:39an accident

00:46:40or a coincidence.

00:46:41It comes from

00:46:42their complex

00:46:43expedition algorithm.

00:46:44They take into account

00:46:45the size of the box

00:46:46in the same place

00:46:47as well as

00:46:48the size of the

00:46:49expedition vehicle.

00:46:50The small article

00:46:51receives a box

00:46:52whose size

00:46:53corresponds to

00:46:54the space

00:46:55inside the vehicle

00:46:56with the other packages

00:46:57and prevents

00:46:58the boxes from sliding.

00:46:59The physicist

00:47:00and inventor

00:47:01Percy Spencer

00:47:02discovered

00:47:03microwaves

00:47:04by accident.

00:47:05He was building

00:47:06a magnetron

00:47:07for some

00:47:08of his radar equipment.

00:47:09At some point

00:47:10he realized

00:47:11that the chocolate bar

00:47:12he kept in his pocket

00:47:13had started to melt.

00:47:14Out of curiosity

00:47:15he directed

00:47:16the microwaves

00:47:17towards eggs

00:47:18that exploded

00:47:19and popcorn

00:47:20that burst.

00:47:21This is how

00:47:22he discovered

00:47:23a great tool

00:47:24to heat food

00:47:25that uses

00:47:26less energy

00:47:27than a classic oven.

00:47:28In its original version

00:47:29the doughy substance

00:47:30that we call

00:47:31today

00:47:32Play-Doh

00:47:33was a cleaning product

00:47:34for wallpaper.

00:47:35It had been invented

00:47:36and sold

00:47:37to remove

00:47:38the dust

00:47:39from the wallpaper.

00:47:40At the time

00:47:41when it appeared

00:47:42on the market

00:47:43it was originally

00:47:44in a broken

00:47:45white color.

00:47:46But later

00:47:47when they started

00:47:48to sell it

00:47:49as a toy

00:47:50this substance

00:47:51was produced

00:47:52in yellow,

00:47:53blue and red.

00:47:54Today it exists

00:47:55in more than

00:47:5650 different colors.

00:47:57The wallpaper

00:47:58had a slightly

00:47:59different purpose

00:48:00at first.

00:48:01It was supposed

00:48:02to be wallpaper.

00:48:03In the 1950s

00:48:04when it appeared

00:48:05two engineers

00:48:06decided to glue

00:48:07two shower curtains

00:48:08together.

00:48:09This is how

00:48:10they imprisoned

00:48:11small air bubbles

00:48:12with a texture

00:48:13but it didn't work.

00:48:14A few years later

00:48:15IBM had to send

00:48:16data processors

00:48:17and needed

00:48:18something

00:48:19to protect them.

00:48:20This is when

00:48:21the phenomenon

00:48:22of bubble paper

00:48:23appeared.

00:48:24A study showed

00:48:25that a single minute

00:48:26spent

00:48:27making bubble paper

00:48:28burst

00:48:29is as soothing

00:48:30as a 30-minute massage.

00:48:31Why don't electric fans

00:48:32cool the air?

00:48:33You just have to

00:48:34place a thermometer

00:48:35in front of the device

00:48:36and choose

00:48:37the turbo mode

00:48:38so that the temperature

00:48:39doesn't drop.

00:48:40In fact,

00:48:41you can increase

00:48:42the temperature

00:48:43if you leave

00:48:44the thermometer

00:48:45next to the fan

00:48:46thanks to the electric current.

00:48:47A fan

00:48:48doesn't cool the air

00:48:49but it cools you

00:48:50or any other object

00:48:51containing water.

00:48:52An electric fan

00:48:53improves the air

00:48:54circulation

00:48:55in a closed space

00:48:56and accelerates evaporation

00:48:57which cools

00:48:58the liquids a little

00:48:59including the sweat

00:49:00from your skin.

00:49:01Have you noticed

00:49:02that the pens'

00:49:03caps have

00:49:04little holes

00:49:05at the top?

00:49:06It seems strange

00:49:07at first

00:49:08but it's to

00:49:09save your life.

00:49:10If you accidentally

00:49:11swallow this cap

00:49:12the hole

00:49:13allows you

00:49:14to continue breathing

00:49:15because the cap

00:49:16doesn't completely

00:49:17block the airways.

00:49:19If you look

00:49:20at the night sky

00:49:21closely

00:49:22you'll see

00:49:23that the stars

00:49:24have different shapes

00:49:25and sizes.

00:49:26The white is

00:49:27the most common color

00:49:28but it also

00:49:29comes out

00:49:30in shades of red

00:49:31blue and yellow.

00:49:32But you'll never

00:49:33see green stars.

00:49:34It's not that

00:49:35stars don't emit

00:49:36green light

00:49:37it's just that

00:49:38our eyes

00:49:39emit different colors

00:49:40when they burn

00:49:41at different temperatures.

00:49:42The hottest stars

00:49:43are blue

00:49:44while the coldest stars

00:49:45seem to burn

00:49:46in shades of red

00:49:47but they all shine

00:49:48in different colors.

00:49:49They emit different

00:49:50wavelengths

00:49:51which represent

00:49:52different parts

00:49:53of the spectrum

00:49:54of colors.

00:49:55We can't see

00:49:56all these wavelengths

00:49:57separately.

00:49:58We only see

00:49:59the main wavelength

00:50:00which is the predominant

00:50:01color.

00:50:02Thus,

00:50:03medium temperature

00:50:04stars emit

00:50:05green photons

00:50:06in most cases

00:50:07but they don't

00:50:08seem green.

00:50:09When we try

00:50:10to treat an object

00:50:11which generates

00:50:12many red,

00:50:13green,

00:50:14blue and yellow photons

00:50:15at the same time

00:50:16our eyes

00:50:17see it as white.

00:50:18It's the same reason

00:50:19why medium temperature

00:50:20stars,

00:50:21like our sun

00:50:22appear white.

00:50:23Why do we blink?

00:50:24Well,

00:50:25to moisten

00:50:26and clean the eye.

00:50:27Every time

00:50:28you close your eyelids

00:50:29the tear glands

00:50:30secrete a salty substance

00:50:31which sweeps

00:50:32the surface

00:50:33of your eye.

00:50:34It then

00:50:35evaporates

00:50:36all these

00:50:37dust particles

00:50:38and also lubricates

00:50:39the exposed parts

00:50:40of your eyeball.

00:50:41We usually blink

00:50:42every 4 to 6 seconds

00:50:43unless

00:50:44the eyes

00:50:45are more irritated.

00:50:46In this case,

00:50:47we blink more often

00:50:48to keep them

00:50:49moist and clean.

00:50:50But that's not all.

00:50:51Blinking also

00:50:52helps our brain

00:50:53to rest.

00:50:54It must treat

00:50:55so many things

00:50:56all the time

00:50:57that it's normal

00:50:58to give it a break

00:50:59from time to time.

00:51:00Thus,

00:51:01blinking

00:51:02saves our brain

00:51:03about 15 to 20 times

00:51:04per minute.

00:51:05When we close our eyes

00:51:06we help our brain

00:51:07to relax

00:51:08and take a very short

00:51:09mental break

00:51:10which is nevertheless

00:51:11effective.

00:51:12That's why we blink

00:51:13more often

00:51:14when we're in the middle

00:51:15of a task

00:51:16that requires

00:51:17an important mental activity.

00:51:18Why do we have nails?

00:51:19They are generally

00:51:20made up of

00:51:21a specific type

00:51:22of protein

00:51:23found in fur,

00:51:24hair,

00:51:25claws

00:51:26and shoes.

00:51:27It's keratin.

00:51:28And unlike

00:51:29claws,

00:51:30nails are flat

00:51:31and wide

00:51:32which makes them

00:51:33more effective

00:51:34to protect

00:51:35from potential damage.

00:51:36Not only do nails

00:51:37protect sensitive areas

00:51:38but they also

00:51:39make up

00:51:40a rigid support

00:51:41that allows you

00:51:42to take and separate

00:51:43small objects

00:51:44more easily.

00:51:45How could you

00:51:46take a simple

00:51:47piece of jigsaw

00:51:48or take off

00:51:49a sticker

00:51:50from its support

00:51:51without nails?

00:51:52It would be

00:51:53almost impossible

00:51:54without additional tools.

00:51:55Great apes

00:51:56and chimpanzees

00:51:57also use their feet

00:51:58for these delicate tasks.

00:51:59Primates probably

00:52:00developed nails

00:52:01because they needed

00:52:02help with simple tasks

00:52:03such as

00:52:04removing branches

00:52:05or removing thorns.

00:52:06Raspberries,

00:52:07blackberries,

00:52:08strawberries

00:52:09and cherries

00:52:10are not bees.

00:52:11To be classified

00:52:12as a bee,

00:52:13they must have

00:52:14three layers.

00:52:15An outer layer

00:52:16of protection,

00:52:17a fleshy layer

00:52:18in the middle

00:52:19and finally

00:52:20an inner layer

00:52:21with seeds.

00:52:22In addition,

00:52:23a plant must come

00:52:24from a flower

00:52:25with a green cell

00:52:26and have two seeds

00:52:27or more.

00:52:28Thus,

00:52:29according to this criterion,

00:52:30blackberries

00:52:31and chimpanzees

00:52:32are bees.

00:52:33What else

00:52:34is not expected

00:52:35to be found

00:52:36in this category?

00:52:37Kiwis,

00:52:38bananas,

00:52:39watermelons,

00:52:40tomatoes,

00:52:41eggplants

00:52:42and even peppers.

00:52:43You have probably

00:52:44heard that your ears

00:52:45and your nose

00:52:46are the parts of the body

00:52:47that never stop growing.

00:52:48This occurs

00:52:49due to the effects

00:52:50of skin change

00:52:51and gravity.

00:52:52Other parts of your body

00:52:53change in the same way

00:52:54but you can't see it

00:52:55as well as you can

00:52:56see what's going on

00:52:57with your nose

00:52:58and your ears.

00:52:59You need

00:53:00a drop of liquid,

00:53:01a 3D printer

00:53:02and about two hours

00:53:03of work

00:53:04to make

00:53:05a tiny fidget spinner.

00:53:06It will be less large

00:53:07than a strand of hair.

00:53:08This is what researchers

00:53:09at the Oak Ridge

00:53:10National Laboratory

00:53:11have managed to achieve.

00:53:12In reality,

00:53:13double-cream

00:53:14blackberries

00:53:15are not

00:53:16double-stuffed.

00:53:17A math teacher

00:53:18weighed 10 classic blackberries,

00:53:1910 double-cream blackberries

00:53:20and 10 mega-stuffed blackberries.

00:53:21Double-cream

00:53:22blackberries

00:53:23weigh only

00:53:241.86 times

00:53:25the weight

00:53:26of classic blackberries.

00:53:27Chipotles

00:53:28weigh

00:53:29about

00:53:31The chipotles

00:53:32are not peppers

00:53:33of a particular variety.

00:53:34They are

00:53:35simply

00:53:36dried

00:53:37and smoked

00:53:38jalapeños.

00:53:40In their gaseous form,

00:53:41oxygen

00:53:42has no smell

00:53:43or color.

00:53:44But when it is

00:53:45liquid

00:53:46or solid,

00:53:47it is light blue.

00:53:49The stars

00:53:50caught by black holes

00:53:51are destroyed

00:53:52by their enormous

00:53:53gravitational force.

00:53:55Pieces of these stars

00:53:56are sucked

00:53:57by the black hole.

00:53:58The rest,

00:53:59in the form

00:54:00of plasma jets,

00:54:01is ejected

00:54:02with such force

00:54:03that it travels

00:54:04light years

00:54:05away.

00:54:08Recently,

00:54:09researchers decided

00:54:10to redraw

00:54:11the genealogical tree

00:54:12of dinosaurs

00:54:13for the first time

00:54:14in 130 years.

00:54:16It would seem

00:54:17that two species

00:54:18of dinosaurs

00:54:19should have been

00:54:20grouped

00:54:21from the beginning.

00:54:22These are carnivorous

00:54:23dinosaurs

00:54:24with reptile basins,

00:54:25such as the T-Rex

00:54:26and vegetarian dinosaurs

00:54:27with bird basins,

00:54:28such as the Stegosaurus.

00:54:29A camel

00:54:30can drink

00:54:31up to 113 liters of water

00:54:32in a little more

00:54:33than 10 minutes.

00:54:34This water

00:54:35is stored

00:54:36in the animal's

00:54:37blood system.

00:54:38As for its bone,

00:54:39it is a reserve

00:54:40of fat

00:54:41for periods

00:54:42of food deficiency.

00:54:43Some marine animals,

00:54:44such as salmon

00:54:45and turtles,

00:54:46use terrestrial

00:54:47magnetic fields

00:54:48to locate themselves.

00:54:50Your lungs

00:54:51are not just there

00:54:52to make you breathe.

00:54:53They also produce

00:54:54red blood cells.

00:54:55These are the cells

00:54:56responsible for coagulation.

00:54:59The lungs

00:55:00produce more than 10 million

00:55:01of these small cells

00:55:02per hour.

00:55:05There are only two letters

00:55:06that never appear

00:55:07on the periodic table.

00:55:08The J and the Q.

00:55:12If you shoot a bullet

00:55:13at yourself

00:55:14while you throw it,

00:55:15it will fly.

00:55:16This is the Magnus effect.

00:55:20You can notice

00:55:21this phenomenon

00:55:22in several sports,

00:55:23such as tennis

00:55:24or baseball.

00:55:26Anathedaophobia

00:55:27is the fear

00:55:28that at any time,

00:55:29anywhere in the world,

00:55:30a duck

00:55:31or a goat

00:55:32can observe

00:55:33the person

00:55:34suffering from the phobia.

00:55:35I observe you.

00:55:36The person

00:55:37is not necessarily afraid

00:55:38that the duck

00:55:39or the goat

00:55:40will come closer

00:55:41or get in contact

00:55:42with the animal.

00:55:43It is just

00:55:44the fear

00:55:45of being observed.

00:55:46This phobia

00:55:47was described

00:55:48for the first time

00:55:49in a comic

00:55:50to show

00:55:51that everyone

00:55:52can be afraid

00:55:53of something.

00:55:54Everything

00:55:55can happen

00:55:56at any time.

00:55:57I would certainly

00:55:58give myself

00:55:59the chicken meat.

00:56:00Favourite fruit candies

00:56:01are shiny

00:56:02because they are probably

00:56:03covered with carnauba wax.

00:56:05We sometimes

00:56:06use this wax

00:56:07on fruits

00:56:08like apples.

00:56:10It makes candies

00:56:11and fruits shine,

00:56:12but also

00:56:13cars.

00:56:17Peaches

00:56:18and nectarines

00:56:19seem different,

00:56:20but in reality

00:56:21they are the same fruit.

00:56:23The soft and dominant

00:56:24nectarines

00:56:25are found

00:56:26in peaches,

00:56:27while if they are not,

00:56:28we get smooth

00:56:29nectarines.

00:56:30Crows

00:56:31are gifted

00:56:32to recognize

00:56:33people's faces

00:56:34and they remember

00:56:35them for a long time.

00:56:37It can be

00:56:38a good

00:56:39or a bad thing

00:56:40depending on

00:56:41your behavior

00:56:42with them.

00:56:43It is better

00:56:44not to meet

00:56:45a crow

00:56:46who has

00:56:47one after you.

00:56:48You probably

00:56:49can't tell

00:56:50a crow

00:56:51from another crow,

00:56:52so it is better

00:56:53not to meet

00:56:54a crow

00:56:55who has

00:56:56one after you.

00:56:58In the city of Yoro,

00:56:59in Central America,

00:57:00fish rains

00:57:01fall every year.

00:57:04Residents

00:57:05have no choice.

00:57:07Every year,

00:57:08in May or June,

00:57:09a torrential rain

00:57:10crosses the city

00:57:11leaving fish

00:57:12agonizing in the street.

00:57:16It seems

00:57:17that the phenomenon

00:57:18is caused by

00:57:19water pipes

00:57:20or tornadoes

00:57:21that would

00:57:22cause

00:57:23a flood

00:57:24in the city.

00:57:26A single

00:57:27spaghetti grain

00:57:28is called

00:57:29a spaghetto.

00:57:32In Italian,

00:57:33the I

00:57:34at the end of the word

00:57:35marks the plural

00:57:36and the O

00:57:37is a mark

00:57:38of the singular.

00:57:39It is valid

00:57:40for everything.

00:57:41We say

00:57:42gnocco

00:57:43for a single gnocchi,

00:57:44tortellino

00:57:45for a single tortellini

00:57:46and raviolo

00:57:47for a single

00:57:48bite of this delight.

00:57:49Water

00:57:50can freeze

00:57:51and boil

00:57:52at the same time.

00:57:53It is called

00:57:54the triple point.

00:57:55It is the moment

00:57:56when a substance

00:57:57can be solid,

00:57:58liquid

00:57:59and gaseous

00:58:00at the same time.

00:58:01It is closely

00:58:02linked to pressure

00:58:03and temperature.

00:58:05We are used

00:58:06to having

00:58:07a white sauce

00:58:08but in reality

00:58:09producers

00:58:10generally add

00:58:11titanium dioxide

00:58:12to make it as white

00:58:13as our sunscreen.

00:58:14Ah!

00:58:15Sunscreen producers

00:58:16also add

00:58:17titanium dioxide

00:58:18to make it as white

00:58:19as our sunscreen.

00:58:20It is also valid

00:58:21for the Caesar sauce

00:58:22and the blue cheese sauce.

00:58:23Our moon

00:58:24had an atmosphere.

00:58:25About 4 billion years ago

00:58:26volcanic eruptions

00:58:27occurred on our satellite.

00:58:28They released

00:58:29huge volumes of gas

00:58:30thousands of billions

00:58:31of tons.

00:58:32Volumes too large

00:58:33that did not have

00:58:34time to escape

00:58:35into space.

00:58:36This is how

00:58:37this atmosphere

00:58:38was formed.

00:58:39Cold water

00:58:40heats faster

00:58:41than hot water.

00:58:42The speed

00:58:43of this process

00:58:44depends on

00:58:45the temperature

00:58:46difference

00:58:47between the liquid

00:58:48and its environment.

00:58:49This is why

00:58:50cold water

00:58:51needs less time

00:58:52to absorb heat

00:58:53but that does not

00:58:54mean it will boil

00:58:55faster than hot water.

00:58:58Zealandia

00:58:59is a continental block

00:59:00submerged

00:59:01in the Pacific Ocean.

00:59:02It is often described

00:59:03as a fragment

00:59:04or a microcontinent.

00:59:06It measures

00:59:07almost 2 million

00:59:08square meters

00:59:09which is half

00:59:10of the United States.

00:59:12It was submerged

00:59:13about 23 million years ago.

00:59:15New Zealand

00:59:16is the largest

00:59:17part of Zealandia

00:59:18still on the surface.

00:59:21Human beings

00:59:22are still evolving.

00:59:23Researchers have found

00:59:24several million

00:59:25human anomalies.

00:59:27It turns out

00:59:28that some dangerous

00:59:29genes are

00:59:30gradually

00:59:31eliminated

00:59:32from DNA.

00:59:35Stars shine

00:59:36because of

00:59:37turbulence

00:59:38in the Earth's atmosphere.

00:59:39They deflect

00:59:40the light of the stars

00:59:41before they reach

00:59:42your eyes.

00:59:44This gives

00:59:45a sparkling effect.

00:59:48Water goes around

00:59:49the world

00:59:50in a thousand years.

00:59:53This phenomenon

00:59:54is called

00:59:55the thermohaline loop.

00:59:59Bismuth

01:00:00is a white metal

01:00:01and fragile

01:00:02with a pink hue.

01:00:03If you melt it

01:00:04and let it cool

01:00:05very slowly

01:00:06it forms

01:00:07iridescent cubic crystals.

01:00:10Skittles

01:00:11and M&M's

01:00:12are colored

01:00:13with

01:00:14red food dye.

01:00:15The red food dye

01:00:16is made

01:00:17from

01:00:18carmine

01:00:19from

01:00:20skittles.

01:00:21Red lipstick

01:00:22is also made

01:00:23from

01:00:24skittles.

01:00:25Stones,

01:00:26metals

01:00:27and other minerals

01:00:28that make up the Earth

01:00:29are not distributed

01:00:30evenly

01:00:31on the planet.

01:00:34This has

01:00:35several consequences

01:00:36including

01:00:37the variation

01:00:38of gravity

01:00:39depending on

01:00:40the location.

01:00:41Altitude

01:00:42also has an effect.

01:00:43On Mount Everest

01:00:44you weigh

01:00:45slightly less.

01:00:46Don't look down!

01:00:49According to a researcher

01:00:50there was a substance

01:00:51in the ancient microbes

01:00:52before the evolution

01:00:53of chlorophyll.

01:00:54It is the substance

01:00:55that makes

01:00:56the green plants

01:00:57on Earth.

01:00:58This substance

01:00:59reflected the sun's light

01:01:00in red and purple

01:01:01which gave

01:01:02a bright purple.

01:01:03If this hypothesis

01:01:04was true

01:01:05the Earth

01:01:06would have gathered

01:01:07purple animals

01:01:08before the arrival

01:01:09of greenery.

01:01:11Apples

01:01:12have a better taste

01:01:13when they are cut

01:01:14because they are

01:01:15exposed to oxygen.

01:01:16Oxygen activates

01:01:17an enzyme

01:01:18called polyphenoloxidase

01:01:19responsible for

01:01:20the maturation

01:01:21and browning of the fruit.

01:01:22This phenomenon

01:01:23also occurs

01:01:24when you cut an apple.

01:01:25Oxygen enters

01:01:26through small cracks

01:01:27caused by the impact

01:01:28and the fruit

01:01:29starts to ripen.

01:01:30Do you like white chocolate?

01:01:31Well,

01:01:32in reality

01:01:33it is not chocolate at all.

01:01:34It is a mixture

01:01:35of sugar,

01:01:36milk,

01:01:37vanilla

01:01:38and cocoa butter.

01:01:39But cocoa

01:01:40is not enough

01:01:41to make chocolate.

01:01:42It lacks

01:01:43powder

01:01:44or chocolate liqueur.

01:01:45The only product

01:01:46that never perishes

01:01:47even if it is not

01:01:48stored in the fridge

01:01:49is honey.

01:01:50It has a low pH

01:01:51and contains a lot of sugar.

01:01:52Bacteria

01:01:53that cause

01:01:54food deterioration

01:01:55do not survive

01:01:56in honey.

01:01:57If two pieces of metal

01:01:58touch each other

01:01:59in space

01:02:00they join

01:02:01and fuse.

01:02:02This does not happen

01:02:03on Earth

01:02:04because water and air

01:02:05separate food.

01:02:07People are more honest

01:02:08when they are tired.

01:02:09It is assumed

01:02:10that is why

01:02:11confessions are

01:02:12usually made

01:02:13late at night.

01:02:15Firefighters

01:02:16extinguish fire

01:02:17with wet water.

01:02:18It is water

01:02:19mixed with

01:02:20wet agents.

01:02:21It is a chemical

01:02:22that helps

01:02:23water to soak

01:02:24objects

01:02:25and spread

01:02:26more easily.

01:02:28The sun

01:02:29is an average

01:02:30size star.

01:02:31However,

01:02:32it is 1,300,000

01:02:33times the size

01:02:34of the Earth

01:02:35and weighs

01:02:36333,000 times more.

01:02:42We have been able

01:02:43to dictate our e-mails

01:02:44in Morse

01:02:45since 2004.

01:02:46This date

01:02:47corresponds

01:02:48to the codification

01:02:49date of the

01:02:50arrow symbol.

01:02:51The arrow

01:02:52is also called

01:02:53comat

01:02:54for commercial A

01:02:55and corresponds

01:02:56to the letters

01:02:57A and C

01:02:58combined.

01:03:01How can spiders

01:03:02survive

01:03:03when they lose

01:03:04their legs?

01:03:05When they are

01:03:06in a dangerous

01:03:07situation

01:03:08and they try

01:03:09to escape,

01:03:10they can

01:03:11lose legs

01:03:12and be pushed

01:03:13back only

01:03:14a few months

01:03:15later.

01:03:16They will survive

01:03:17without problems

01:03:18because most of

01:03:19the time

01:03:20their legs

01:03:21detach at

01:03:22the point of

01:03:23rupture.

01:03:24These are

01:03:25joints that

01:03:26contain

01:03:27muscles

01:03:28that contract

01:03:29which helps

01:03:30spiders

01:03:31to minimize

01:03:32blood loss.

01:03:33Speaking of spiders,

01:03:34have you noticed

01:03:35that sometimes

01:03:36they remain

01:03:37motionless

01:03:38for a long time?

01:03:39They freeze

01:03:40while waiting

01:03:41for a potential

01:03:42prey to land

01:03:43on their web.

01:03:44If a spider

01:03:45moves,

01:03:46it wastes

01:03:47energy

01:03:48and attracts

01:03:49attention on it.

01:03:50Either a hungry

01:03:51bird in search

01:03:52of a food

01:03:53will see it

01:03:54or the spider

01:03:55will remain

01:03:56hungry

01:03:57because the flies

01:03:58will have less

01:03:59tendency

01:04:00to approach

01:04:01the web.

01:04:02Spiders

01:04:03spend

01:04:04days

01:04:05or weeks

01:04:06before

01:04:07catching

01:04:08something.

01:04:09It is therefore

01:04:10important to save

01:04:11as much energy

01:04:12as possible.

01:04:13Hunting spiders

01:04:14are much

01:04:15more active

01:04:16but most

01:04:17of them

01:04:18are nocturnal

01:04:19predators.

01:04:20They spend

01:04:21their days

01:04:22resting

01:04:23hidden

01:04:24under

01:04:25a rock

01:04:26or in

01:04:27a bed.

01:04:28Roasted

01:04:29potatoes

01:04:30can stay

01:04:31frozen

01:04:32until

01:04:33the carbon

01:04:34molecules escape

01:04:35to produce

01:04:36a kind of

01:04:37thick gel.

01:04:38If you then

01:04:39put the potato

01:04:40in the oven,

01:04:41the high temperature

01:04:42drives away

01:04:43the humidity.

01:04:44The gelatinized

01:04:45starch

01:04:46is then

01:04:47outside

01:04:48the potato

01:04:49and creates

01:04:50a crispy crust

01:04:51that imprisons

01:04:52the heat

01:04:53inside.

01:04:54The fat

01:04:55accumulates

01:04:56in the cracks

01:04:57and the structure

01:04:58that keeps

01:04:59the heat

01:05:00inside.

01:05:01This is

01:05:02the reason

01:05:03why

01:05:04electric companies

01:05:05make sure

01:05:06that there

01:05:07is a lot

01:05:08of electricity

01:05:09in their

01:05:10homes.

01:05:11They

01:05:12also

01:05:13make sure

01:05:14that

01:05:15they

01:05:16have

01:05:17enough

01:05:18electricity

01:05:19to

01:05:20keep

01:05:21their

01:05:22animals

01:05:23safe.

01:05:24The

01:05:25difference

01:05:26between

01:05:27electricity

01:05:28and

01:05:29carbon

01:05:30molecules

01:05:31is

01:05:32that

01:05:33the

01:05:34carbon

01:05:35molecules

01:05:36have

01:05:37a

01:05:38lot

01:05:39of

01:05:40space

01:05:41between

01:05:42the

01:05:43cables.

01:05:44You've

01:05:45probably

01:05:46already

01:05:47wondered

01:05:48why

01:05:49pilots

01:05:50don't

01:05:51land

01:05:52on

01:05:53grass

01:05:54when

01:05:55the

01:05:56landing

01:05:57gear

01:05:58is

01:05:59on

01:06:00the

01:06:01ground.

01:06:02This

01:06:03is

01:06:04the

01:06:05reason

01:06:06why

01:06:07pilots

01:06:08don't

01:06:09land

01:06:10on

01:06:11grass

01:06:12when

01:06:13the

01:06:14landing

01:06:15gear

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02:10:43when

02:10:44Well, for a lot of centuries.

02:10:47No one knows for sure the history of the discovery of ice,

02:10:50but it dates back to at least the 4th century BC.

02:10:57Of course, it was not the ice that we know today.

02:11:00Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia,

02:11:02enjoyed the snow and ice covered with honey and nectar.

02:11:06It was the first ice.

02:11:08The Roman emperor Nero ate snow flavored with fruit and juice.

02:11:15How did these men get snow if they lived in very hot climates?

02:11:19Well, their assistants ran to a nearby mountain to bring water.

02:11:23I don't really know how they did it without a refrigerator,

02:11:26but I guess they had means.

02:11:28Some historians claim that there were deep pits covered with straw

02:11:32and that the snow was stored there after being harvested in the mountains.

02:11:36The fact that it is not melted on the path of the pit remains a mystery to me.

02:11:40But the story involves a lot of it, it's true.

02:11:42Okay, so we just mentioned ice and snow.

02:11:45But we all know that it has nothing to do with the ice cream we are used to.

02:11:49One of the main ingredients of the dessert we know today is milk.

02:11:52It probably appeared in China around the 7th century AD.

02:11:57At the time, the Tang dynasty reigned over the country

02:12:00and the emperors were probably the first to eat milk ice cream.

02:12:05It was then made from buffalo, goat or cow milk.

02:12:09To improve the flavor and aroma, they added camphor to it.

02:12:13Metal tubes were then filled with the mixture

02:12:16and stored in an ice pool to be frozen.

02:12:19Let's leave China for a while to go back to the Arab world in the medieval era.

02:12:24So let's take a look at the ice cream desserts that were eaten there.

02:12:27People were used to drinking ice cream refreshments,

02:12:30the first versions of sorbet.

02:12:32Sorbets were generally made from pomegranates, cherries or quinces.

02:12:37A little later, Europeans took over

02:12:39and sorbet became popular in Europe as well.

02:12:42The Italians and the French are the ones who enjoyed it the most.

02:12:46So they took it back and perfected it to make their own version.

02:12:51In the 17th century, Antonio Latini was the first to officially designate the recipe for his sorbeto,

02:12:57which contained fruit, ice cream, but also sugar and milk.

02:13:03It is this recipe that most culinary historians consider the first official ice cream.

02:13:09The Italians perfected their own type of sorbet, called gelato.

02:13:13In Italian, this term means frozen.

02:13:15No one knows exactly who invented the gelato,

02:13:18but everyone knows the guy who opened the first café in Paris and started selling it.

02:13:23An Italian from Sicily opened his Il Procope in 1686

02:13:28and the café became the favorite meeting place for the famous intellectuals of the time.

02:13:34This is how the French discovered Italian gelato,

02:13:37sold in porcelain bowls resembling cocktails.

02:13:42But we must not forget one important thing.

02:13:44Never call gelato an ice cream, especially in front of Italians.

02:13:49Although these two products may seem similar,

02:13:51they have many different meanings.

02:13:55Gelato contains much less fat,

02:13:57less air, its taste is more intense,

02:13:59and it is also served hotter than ice cream.

02:14:03So that's it for the Italian method.

02:14:05The French have developed their own ice cream dessert, cheese.

02:14:09Be careful, this cheese is obviously not our real cheese that we know today.

02:14:15Originally, it was made up of cream, sugar and orange blossom water.

02:14:20Today again, cream is an important ingredient,

02:14:23so that the cheese is creamier and heavier than a gelato.

02:14:27Did you also know that eggs are used to make both?

02:14:31Yes, it is an important ingredient in gelato and white cheese,

02:14:34which gives the dessert the necessary fat content,

02:14:36but also a specific flavor.

02:14:41We have not yet talked about America.

02:14:43It is very likely that ice cream was brought to the United States by European immigrants.

02:14:47The first ice cream maker in the United States opened its doors in 1790 in New York.

02:14:52But until the beginning of the following century,

02:14:54ice cream was only accessible to the elite.

02:14:57But once it became more common,

02:14:59it of course spread throughout the country.

02:15:01There was no other way, was there?

02:15:03When NASA astronauts were asked what they missed most,

02:15:07ice cream came first on the list.

02:15:09Today, 9% of cow's milk produced in the United States is used to make ice cream.

02:15:15People who love ice cream the most in the world live in New Zealand.

02:15:19This country is the largest consumer of ice cream per capita.

02:15:23The United States comes in second place.

02:15:27In your opinion, what is the most popular ice cream flavor?

02:15:30Yes, it is vanilla, of course.

02:15:32The second most popular flavor is chocolate.

02:15:35It turns out that chocolate ice cream was invented earlier.

02:15:38It is because vanilla has not been available for a long time.

02:15:41Today, most vanillas are imported from Indonesia and Madagascar.

02:15:49There are more than 1,000 ice cream flavors today.

02:15:52There are a few that are really weird,

02:15:54like the taste of hot dog, bacon, avocado,

02:15:57chard, pepper, jellyfish and even roasted garlic.

02:16:02There is also cheese ice cream, which is very common in the Philippines.

02:16:09The Philippines had access to ice cream only in the 19th century.

02:16:12But it took a century for it to be widely available to everyone.

02:16:16After the generalization of refrigeration,

02:16:19an American opened the first ice cream parlor in the country,

02:16:22serving three flavors.

02:16:24Vanilla, chocolate and strawberry.

02:16:27Soon after, many people began to produce their ice cream

02:16:31by incorporating local products,

02:16:33such as mango, avocado and coconut.

02:16:36Instead of cow's milk,

02:16:38the Philippines traditionally uses domestic buffalo milk,

02:16:41which is also used to make white cheese.

02:16:44In the second half of the 20th century,

02:16:46cheddar was imported to the Philippines for the first time

02:16:49and it immediately became a must.

02:16:51It is the ingredient of the famous Filipino spaghetti

02:16:53and a common garnish in pastries.

02:16:56Without thinking for a long time,

02:16:58they combined their favorite cheese with their favorite dessert,

02:17:01ice cream,

02:17:02and they got an incredible creamy, sweet and salty cheese ice cream.

02:17:08So yes, it's a long story.

02:17:10We mentioned ice drinks, sorbets and ice creams,

02:17:14but we didn't talk about water ice cream.

02:17:16It's true, water ice creams didn't exist for a long time.

02:17:20In fact, they were invented by accident in 1905

02:17:24by a 11-year-old boy, Frank Epperson.

02:17:27On a cold night,

02:17:29he mixed sweet soda powder with water

02:17:31and forgot it outside.

02:17:33After spending the night outside,

02:17:35the mixture froze.

02:17:37When the boy came back and found it,

02:17:39he had to lick the wooden stick with which he was stirring it.

02:17:42He liked it so much that he began to produce it.

02:17:44He called them Epsicles,

02:17:46in honor of his own name,

02:17:47but later the name evolved into Popsicle.

02:17:50Ice cream cones were invented a year before water ice cream,

02:17:54in 1904.

02:17:55A man was selling pastries that looked like waffles at a fair.

02:17:59Right next to him, another man was selling ice cream.

02:18:02At one point, the ice cream vendor found himself short of dishes

02:18:05and didn't know what to do.

02:18:07So his neighbor rolled his waffles

02:18:09and offered to sell ice cream inside.

02:18:13The ice cream story is not over yet.

02:18:16Ice cream delicacies are still invented today.

02:18:19For example, Slurpees were invented only at the end of the 1950s.

02:18:23Omar Knedlik worked at the Dairy Queen in Kansas City

02:18:27and the soda fountain broke down.

02:18:29To keep the drinks fresh, he put them in a freezer.

02:18:32They became sticky,

02:18:34and that's how the man got the idea to make a machine

02:18:36that would produce such ice cream drinks.

02:18:38He even created the name Icy

02:18:40and drew a logo for the brand.

02:18:42A few years later,

02:18:447-Eleven bought the right to sell these drinks,

02:18:47which became popular.

02:18:49The latest invention resembling an ice cream

02:18:51is the Dippin' Dots.

02:18:53In 1988, a microbiologist wanted to find a easier way

02:18:56to feed cows.

02:18:58So he started freezing cow food.

02:19:00Then he thought a little more

02:19:02and realized that it was possible to freeze other foods,

02:19:04and not just those intended for cows.

02:19:06So he started freezing ice cream

02:19:08and it was a real explosion.

02:19:10That's all for today.

02:19:12Could you also be able to invent something

02:19:14that will never be engraved in the history of ice cream,

02:19:16like all the heroes we mentioned today?

02:19:22There are sharks that shine in the dark.

02:19:25For example, the sea urchins.

02:19:27They live in the dark depths of the ocean,

02:19:29about 518 meters under the surface.

02:19:32No one knows exactly why,

02:19:34but they emit a fluorescent glow

02:19:36that only other sea urchins can see.

02:19:39Scientists detected this glow

02:19:41by using filters that block yellow light.

02:19:44They think this could be the way

02:19:46for these big fish to communicate with their mates.

02:19:49This glow helps these sharks

02:19:51fight infections at the microbial level.

02:19:53Cows have secret password words

02:19:55that they use to recognize each other.

02:19:57They are a specific type of parasitic bird

02:19:59because they lay their eggs

02:20:01in the nests of other species of birds.

02:20:03Young cows have an internal mechanism

02:20:05that allows them to recognize

02:20:07the field of their species

02:20:09by using secret password words

02:20:11that only they know.

02:20:13This is how they manage to find

02:20:15other birds of their species.

02:20:17A grizzly has an incredibly strong bite force.

02:20:19It may seem cute,

02:20:21but if you get close to this big guy,

02:20:23you'd better stay away

02:20:25from its sharp claws

02:20:27and especially from its mouth.

02:20:29Its bite force is more than 8 million Pascals,

02:20:31which means it can crush

02:20:33a bowling ball.

02:20:35Some animals have large thick stripes,

02:20:37others are more superficial.

02:20:39Tigers are part of the first group.

02:20:41Not only are their fur striped,

02:20:43but their skin is too.

02:20:45It's the same for other big fur felines

02:20:47like snow leopards.

02:20:49Giraffes and zebras

02:20:51are part of the second group

02:20:53because they have patterns only on their fur.

02:20:55Speaking of zebras,

02:20:57do you think they are black with white stripes

02:20:59or white with black stripes?

02:21:01At first glance,

02:21:03it seems that the second option is the right one.

02:21:05Their black stripes

02:21:07end mainly inside their legs

02:21:09and on their belly,

02:21:11and the rest is white.

02:21:13But it's not true.

02:21:15Surprisingly, they are black with white stripes.

02:21:17All their fur,

02:21:19whether white or black,

02:21:21grows from follicles

02:21:23containing cells called melanocytes.

02:21:25All animals have these cells.

02:21:27They produce a pigment called melanin

02:21:29that gives color to their hair and skin.

02:21:31In zebras, chemical messages

02:21:33send the pigment to the fur area.

02:21:35That's why zebras have a pattern

02:21:37of black and white.

02:21:39But white is not a pure pigment.

02:21:41It's a lack of melanin.

02:21:43Black is their default color.

02:21:45Koalas have fingerprints

02:21:47so close to ours

02:21:49that they could even alter crime scenes.

02:21:51Apparently, they don't have much in common

02:21:53with humans.

02:21:55But take a closer look at their hands.

02:21:57They have distinctive loops and arches.

02:21:59So if a koala wants to do something illegal,

02:22:01he'd better wear gloves.

02:22:03Ghost crabs growl

02:22:05when there are creatures

02:22:07they don't like or find threatening.

02:22:09They do so by using their teeth

02:22:11from their stomach.

02:22:13First, they let you know that they will defend themselves

02:22:15if you try something by showing you their claws.

02:22:17If that doesn't work,

02:22:19they emit a scary growl like dogs.

02:22:21But the noise comes from the rubbing

02:22:23of their three long and hard teeth

02:22:25inside their stomach.

02:22:27Ghost crabs make the same noise

02:22:29when they chew food.

02:22:31Speaking of teeth,

02:22:33did you know that narwhal's defense

02:22:35is a kind of upside-down tooth?

02:22:37Unlike most other whales,

02:22:39narwhals are the only ones

02:22:41to have a large defense, or tooth,

02:22:43that grows inside their jaw.

02:22:45They have up to 10 million

02:22:47nerve endings

02:22:49that are not protected,

02:22:51which means that their defense

02:22:53is very sensitive to any kind of contact.

02:22:55It's almost like a piece of skin

02:22:57that usually doesn't have a lot of nerve endings.

02:22:59Almost 95% of humans

02:23:01are right-handed,

02:23:03and it's the same for dolphins.

02:23:05There are even more right-handed people

02:23:07among them than among humans.

02:23:09In a research, scientists discovered

02:23:11that dolphins turn to the left

02:23:13more than 99% of the time,

02:23:15which means they are right-handed.

02:23:17They place their right side

02:23:19and their right eye closer to the bottom of the ocean

02:23:21when they go looking for their prey,

02:23:23such as squids, shrimp,

02:23:25or small fish.

02:23:27There are other interesting facts about the ocean.

02:23:29Did you know that humpback whales

02:23:31use bubbles when they chase their prey?

02:23:33You might think that they don't need

02:23:35any particular method,

02:23:37given their size,

02:23:39but when they chase their prey

02:23:41in deep waters,

02:23:43these whales team up

02:23:45and use a technique called bubble netting.

02:23:47While swimming in an ascending spiral,

02:23:49they blow bubbles underwater.

02:23:51These bubbles prevent the fish from escaping.

02:23:53This technique has been used for 12,000 years.

02:23:55Researchers discovered it nearly 20 years ago

02:23:57while digging in an ancient village in Cyprus.

02:23:59They found bones of cats

02:24:01right next to human bones,

02:24:03suggesting that they were close

02:24:05even when their lives were coming to an end.

02:24:07Humans were hunters,

02:24:09so they domesticated dogs first

02:24:11about 29,000 years ago.

02:24:13Dogs helped them catch other animals,

02:24:15but they didn't think they needed cats

02:24:17until they began to sedentary

02:24:19and stock up on food.

02:24:21Mice are often found

02:24:23in cereal warehouses,

02:24:25and cats proved to be very useful

02:24:27at this time.

02:24:29Macaws are very ingenious

02:24:31when they want to scratch themselves.

02:24:33They can probably be proud of their beautiful beak,

02:24:35but they obviously think

02:24:37that it's not enough to scratch themselves.

02:24:39Researchers have noticed that they tend

02:24:41to spontaneously take a small wooden stick

02:24:43to scratch a place that eats them.

02:24:45There is a special type of ant

02:24:47that only lives in a small part of Manhattan.

02:24:49Broadway,

02:24:51between 63rd and 76th streets,

02:24:53is the place that these rampant creatures

02:24:55have decided to choose.

02:24:57The manatee ant seems to come from Europe,

02:24:59but no European species

02:25:01can really look like it.

02:25:03Hey, Potter fans,

02:25:05can you believe that there is

02:25:07something like a chocolate frog?

02:25:09Well, not exactly,

02:25:11but it looks like it.

02:25:13New Guinea and Australia

02:25:15have not always been separated.

02:25:17They have lived together for millions of years

02:25:19until, about 12,000 years ago,

02:25:21the sea level separated them.

02:25:23As they stayed together for so long,

02:25:25some animals and some plants

02:25:27still live in both regions,

02:25:29including the White frogs.

02:25:31These frogs have spread very far,

02:25:33and some of them,

02:25:35who live in hot and swampy regions

02:25:37surrounded by many crocodiles,

02:25:39seem to be chocolate.

02:25:41We all know pink flamingos

02:25:43for their particular color,

02:25:45but they are not really pink.

02:25:47They are born gray,

02:25:49and would remain so

02:25:51if they did not feed on blue algae

02:25:53and shrimp.

02:25:55These foods have a specific natural color,

02:25:57which explains why pink flamingos

02:25:59become pink over time.

02:26:01When Tasmanian little devils

02:26:03grow up and leave their mother,

02:26:05they regroup and form bonds

02:26:07that last a lifetime.

02:26:09Cows also have stronger social bonds

02:26:11than we think.

02:26:13Studies have even shown

02:26:15that their heart rate increases

02:26:17in signs of stress

02:26:19when they are separated from their best friends.

02:26:21Imagine that you can just freeze

02:26:23during the cold winter days

02:26:25instead of listening to your teeth

02:26:27and trying to close your jacket.

02:26:29This is what frogs can do.

02:26:31Aquatic frogs mainly hibernate

02:26:33underwater and spend most of the winter

02:26:35at the bottom of a pond,

02:26:37a lake, or another stream.

02:26:39Toads and frogs generally have cold blood,

02:26:41which means that the temperature

02:26:43of their bodies

02:26:45adopts that of their environment.

02:26:47Thus, frogs can freeze during the winter

02:26:49due to a high concentration of sugar

02:26:51or glucose in their vital organs.

02:26:53Once thawed,

02:26:55they continue as if nothing had happened.

02:26:57Peacocks have three hearts

02:26:59and blue blood.

02:27:01They can move at a speed of 40 km per hour

02:27:03and project ink,

02:27:05which not only fogs up the predator's visual field,

02:27:07but also darkens it.

02:27:09Octopuses also have nine brains.

02:27:11The central brain

02:27:13and eight smaller brains are located in their arms.

02:27:15This is why their arms can open a shell

02:27:17while the central brain

02:27:19is busy doing something else.

02:27:21Octopuses even taste with their arms.

02:27:23They have cells in their gills

02:27:25that allow their arms to touch

02:27:27and taste in order to detect

02:27:29the chemical substances produced

02:27:31by marine creatures.

02:27:33In this way, an octopus can distinguish

02:27:35its prey from rocks.

02:27:37The button on top of your cap

02:27:39is there only for aesthetic purposes.

02:27:41But did you know that this little thing has a name?

02:27:43Professionals in the United States

02:27:45call it a Squatcho.

02:27:47Its initial function was to hold

02:27:49the four sides of the cap together.

02:27:51But as the manufacture of these hats

02:27:53improved over time,

02:27:55the button became useless

02:27:57and the Squatcho simply disappeared.

02:27:59But the caps were no longer as pretty.

02:28:01Shortly after, the Squatcho came back

02:28:03and I think it's here to stay.

02:28:05High heels were not intended for gala

02:28:07and end-of-the-year parties.

02:28:09In the 10th century, horseback riding

02:28:11was quite difficult with flat-soled shoes

02:28:13and the horsemen's feet constantly slipped

02:28:15from the calves.

02:28:17The invention of high heels allowed

02:28:19to solve this problem.

02:28:21They held much better in the saddle

02:28:23thanks to them and then they gained popularity.

02:28:25It did not take long for them to become

02:28:27a fashion accessory to match

02:28:29the most elegant outfits.

02:28:31Important personalities no longer wanted

02:28:33high heels to be a bit like today

02:28:35owning a luxury sports car.

02:28:37At first, heels were mostly worn

02:28:39by men, but the ladies adopted

02:28:41this emblematic fashion as early as the 17th century.

02:28:43Since then, it is one of the greatest successes

02:28:45in history in terms of clothing style.

02:28:47In ancient Rome, salt was so precious

02:28:49that people even gave it the name

02:28:51white gold. With the torrid heat

02:28:53that reigned and especially the absence

02:28:55of refrigerators, its goal was to preserve

02:28:57food, mainly meat

02:28:59and fish. In addition, it made

02:29:01all these things much tastier.

02:29:03Sal, which means salt in Latin,

02:29:05was also used in exchange

02:29:07for money to pay the workers.

02:29:09And that's where the word salary comes from.

02:29:11Rice is the oldest food cultivated

02:29:13in the history of humanity.

02:29:15It was, about 15,000 years ago,

02:29:17a wild herb from a small valley

02:29:19in Southeast Asia. Today,

02:29:21it is used all over the world as a staple food

02:29:23and 3.5 billion people

02:29:25eat it regularly.

02:29:27It is difficult to imagine a world

02:29:29without these video calls that you pass

02:29:31thanks to the camera of your phone or computer.

02:29:33This technology has allowed innovations

02:29:35that have changed our lives,

02:29:37such as working from home. However,

02:29:39at first, video calls were not

02:29:41intended at all for the use we do today.

02:29:43This technology was introduced

02:29:45to find out if there was still coffee

02:29:47in the coffee maker. In 1993,

02:29:49researchers from the University of Cambridge,

02:29:51frustrated with always finding

02:29:53that their coffee maker was empty when

02:29:55they wanted to take a coffee break,

02:29:57found a solution. They invented

02:29:59a coffee maker monitoring device

02:30:01by connecting a camera that transmitted

02:30:03a real-time image to their computers.

02:30:05Thanks to these researchers,

02:30:07we can now work in pajamas.

02:30:09We know several of Albert Einstein's discoveries,

02:30:11but there is something

02:30:13you probably haven't heard of.

02:30:15With one of his students, he invented

02:30:17a modified refrigerator.

02:30:19It has nothing to do with the ones we use.

02:30:21In the 1920s, refrigerators

02:30:23were not very safe because they produced

02:30:25toxic gases. He wanted to create a less dangerous

02:30:27version that would not require

02:30:29electricity, without a mobile room,

02:30:31and that would only need a source of heat

02:30:33to work. Unfortunately, they

02:30:35failed to raise the necessary funds

02:30:37and the project fell through.

02:30:39In the 1950s, electric refrigerators

02:30:41became popular.

02:30:43But in 2008, engineers from the

02:30:45University of Oxford decided to take

02:30:47a second look at this invention.

02:30:49They are still working on it, but once

02:30:51they have finished, the Einstein refrigerator

02:30:53will be very useful in rural areas

02:30:55without electricity, and for those

02:30:57who want to live far from everything.

02:30:59The QWERTY keyboard model,

02:31:01widespread in many countries,

02:31:03is not the easiest to use.

02:31:05In the 1870s, Christopher Charles

02:31:07invented a keyboard designed to

02:31:09make typing twice as fast.

02:31:11But by placing the most commonly used letters

02:31:13next to each other, typing

02:31:15turned out to be a little too fast,

02:31:17and the machines were constantly stuck.

02:31:19He therefore developed the QWERTY model.

02:31:21This keyboard is still in use today,

02:31:23and people have gotten used to it.

02:31:25The plastic end of your lace

02:31:27is called an eagle,

02:31:29and has been used since ancient Rome.

02:31:31Of course, there was no plastic at the time,

02:31:33so these eagles were made of stone,

02:31:35glass or metal.

02:31:37The richest people could,

02:31:39if they wanted, decorate their shoes

02:31:41with precious metals such as

02:31:43brass or silver.

02:31:45What came first,

02:31:47television or remote control?

02:31:49Well, know that the technology

02:31:51that allows remote control to operate

02:31:53is several decades older.

02:31:55In 1898, Nikola Tesla

02:31:57created a machine

02:31:59to control remote devices

02:32:01using radio waves.

02:32:03And to sell his invention,

02:32:05he made a remote-controlled

02:32:07boat model.

02:32:09But it did not interest anyone.

02:32:11It was ahead of its time.

02:32:13Remote control was finally

02:32:15used for televisions in 1956.

02:32:17The engineer Percy Spencer

02:32:19accidentally invented something

02:32:21great in 1945.

02:32:23He was working on a new vacuum tube,

02:32:25the magnetron, which was to be used

02:32:27on radar systems.

02:32:29While working on his project,

02:32:31he noticed that the chocolate he had

02:32:33in his pocket had melted.

02:32:35Realizing that the magnetron

02:32:37had the ability to heat food,

02:32:39he made a test with corn

02:32:41and obtained popcorn.

02:32:43He then tried to test it with eggs,

02:32:45he built a metal box,

02:32:47and the first microwave oven was born.

02:32:49In 1733,

02:32:51an English duke asked William Kent,

02:32:53an architect, to make him

02:32:55a means of transport for his children.

02:32:57William built the very first pushcart,

02:32:59but no one was supposed to push it.

02:33:01Without a handle, it looked like a cart

02:33:03and was pulled by a goat or a little pony.

02:33:05A very small number of these pushcarts

02:33:07were made at the time,

02:33:09because they were expensive.

02:33:11More than 100 years later, in 1848,

02:33:13the first pushcart with handles

02:33:15was invented and put on the market

02:33:17at an affordable price.

02:33:19We often associate, because of the movies,

02:33:21the policemen and the bathers.

02:33:23And there is actually a reason for that.

02:33:25In the 1950s, in the United States,

02:33:27agents who worked at night

02:33:29often had trouble finding an open space

02:33:31to pay for a small midnight snack.

02:33:33At that time, bath shops

02:33:35were family businesses.

02:33:37They worked hard all night,

02:33:39making fresh baths to sell the next day.

02:33:41A relationship that still persists

02:33:43was then created.

02:33:45The policemen had something delicious

02:33:47to put under their teeth,

02:33:49and the bathers felt safe during the night.

02:33:51Breaking bubble wrap

02:33:53is really a relaxing activity.

02:33:55And of course, this material is also

02:33:57very useful to protect fragile objects.

02:33:59In 1957, two engineers

02:34:01had fun gluing together two shower curtains

02:34:03by imprisoning the air bubbles

02:34:05between the two surfaces.

02:34:07This is how the first bubble wrap was made.

02:34:09In the 1950s,

02:34:11it was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:13Unfortunately, their product

02:34:15had no success on the market.

02:34:17Some time later,

02:34:19they tried to sell it

02:34:21as insulation for the greenhouse.

02:34:23And once again, they failed.

02:34:25Everything changed in 1960,

02:34:27when IBM began to ship

02:34:29very fragile computer parts.

02:34:31Bubble wrap was perfect,

02:34:33and it still collaborates to this day.

02:34:35Today, we use card apps

02:34:37to buy bubble wrap.

02:34:39But in the 1950s,

02:34:41a new type of bubble wrap

02:34:43was invented.

02:34:45It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:47It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:49It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:51It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:53It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:55It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:57It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:34:59It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:01It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:03It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:05It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:07It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:09It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:11It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:13It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:15It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:17It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:19It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:21It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:23It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:25It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:27It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:29It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:31It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:33It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:35It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:37It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:39It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:41It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:35:43It was a new type of bubble wrap.

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02:35:49It was a new type of bubble wrap.

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02:36:01It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:36:03It was a new type of bubble wrap.

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02:36:25It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:36:27It was a new type of bubble wrap.

02:36:29There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:31There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:33The only difference is the color of the shell of the egg.

02:36:35There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:37There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:39There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:41There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:43There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:45There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:47There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:49There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:51There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:53There is no difference that says that brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:36:55It's a myth.

02:36:57It's a myth.

02:36:59It's a myth.

02:37:01It's a myth.

02:37:03It's a myth.

02:37:05It's a myth.

02:37:07It's a myth.

02:37:09It's a myth.

02:37:11It's a myth.

02:37:13It's a myth.

02:37:15It's a myth.

02:37:17It's a myth.

02:37:19It's a myth.

02:37:21It's a myth.

02:37:23Is it a fact or a myth?

02:37:25It's a fact.

02:37:27One could believe for a moment that the intestine is big enough when you unfold it.

02:37:29But no.

02:37:31It's the skin that wins.

02:37:33An adult weighs around 3.5 kilos,

02:37:35which is 2 square meters of skin.

02:37:39You can't imagine without skin.

02:37:41It's not only there to cover our body,

02:37:43it also plays an essential role in our protection.

02:37:47We can't breathe and swallow at the same time.

02:37:49Myth or reality?

02:37:51Reality

02:37:53Maybe you already knew the answer

02:37:55But you still tried after reading this

02:37:57So see it for yourself

02:37:59In your throat, there are two important passages for your survival

02:38:02I put aside the sophisticated medical names

02:38:04And I would call them respiratory tract and food tube

02:38:07They prevent breathing and simultaneous swallowing

02:38:10Otherwise, food would enter the respiratory tract

02:38:12And would cause serious complications

02:38:18This does not always happen as expected

02:38:20That's why sometimes we end up coughing

02:38:22And prevent the piece of food from reaching our lungs

02:38:26In addition to having unique digital prints

02:38:28Humans also have unique language prints

02:38:31Is it a myth or a reality?

02:38:33Reality

02:38:34The human language is quite incredible

02:38:36In terms of all the characteristics that allow us to taste food

02:38:39It is also unique in its texture

02:38:41People use biometric systems

02:38:43Like digital prints, vocal scans and iris scans

02:38:45To authenticate themselves

02:38:47They play an important role in the identification and verification phases

02:38:51The language print is just as unique

02:38:53It is therefore very difficult to copy

02:38:55It could also be used as a tool for biometric systems

02:38:58And if people started using this system in their daily lives

02:39:01For security reasons

02:39:02Imagine that you can lock a safe or your phone with the print of your language

02:39:07An adult spends three hours a week in the office

02:39:10Do you think it's a reality or a myth?

02:39:12It's a reality

02:39:14A survey conducted by scientists

02:39:16Reveals that an average adult spends 3 hours and 9 minutes on the throne every week

02:39:21It's more than the time spent exercising

02:39:24Take your time, no need to rush

02:39:27You swallow 8 spiders a year during your sleep

02:39:29Myth or reality?

02:39:32Don't believe it for a second

02:39:33Fortunately for us and for the spiders of course

02:39:35It's not true

02:39:38So don't be afraid and have a good night's sleep

02:39:40Most spiders don't voluntarily approach humans

02:39:42In addition, the vibrations that come from a sleeping person can be strange for them

02:39:46Or maybe the spider is just used to your neighborhood

02:39:49It thinks you're just tenants sharing a room

02:39:52As long as there is no tangible proof, I call it a myth

02:39:56Your femur can withstand thousands of pounds of pressure

02:39:59Do you think it's a myth or a reality?

02:40:02Yes, it's a reality

02:40:04The femur is located on the upper part of the leg

02:40:08Experts say that this bone is difficult to break

02:40:13It is one of the two most solid bones of our anatomy

02:40:19The first is the temporal bone of the skull

02:40:22Sometimes you wonder

02:40:24Anyway, a solid bone can withstand 30 times more than the weight of your body

02:40:28It may be because the femur is the longest and largest bone of the human body

02:40:34Do you think shaving your hair makes them grow thicker?

02:40:37Myth or reality?

02:40:39Look how I break this myth

02:40:41Experts say that shaving does not affect the thickness of the hair

02:40:44The head of the hair has not been removed, so the root is still there

02:40:48You only shave the upper part

02:40:50After shaving, the hair grows in an obtuse way because it has just been cut

02:40:54That's why you can get the impression that it's getting thicker

02:40:57You can eat food that stays on the ground for 5 seconds or less without danger

02:41:00Is it a reality or a myth?

02:41:03Sorry to counteract this ultimate excuse that justified eating everything that could have fallen to the ground

02:41:07There is no 5-second rule

02:41:09Researchers have discovered that a substantial amount of bacteria is transferred to food in 5 seconds

02:41:15Food moisture has a direct impact on contamination

02:41:19Imagine that you drop a slice of watermelon and chips on the ground

02:41:22I don't know why you would eat both together or how you would end up dropping them both

02:41:26But let's continue with this example

02:41:29The watermelon will be more contaminated than the chips

02:41:32Because the watermelon contains more moisture, the surface of it is more vulnerable to bacterial transfer

02:41:38Blondes and redheads could soon disappear

02:41:41Myth or reality?

02:41:44Easy, isn't it? It's a myth

02:41:46Redheads or blondes are linked to recessive genes

02:41:50They can be transmitted from one generation to another without changing the color of the wearer's hair

02:41:55If both parents have good recessive genes, there is a good chance that the next generation will have redheads or blondes

02:42:02These genes are rare, but populations continue to carry them so that they do not get lost forever

02:42:09For this to happen, all the people on the planet who carry this gene should literally disappear

02:42:14Chances are therefore relatively low

02:42:19Drinking coffee dehydrates you

02:42:21Is it a fact or a myth?

02:42:23Myth! You can enjoy your morning coffee

02:42:26Okay, you may go to the bathroom more often after drinking coffee

02:42:29But that doesn't mean you lose more water

02:42:32Many studies have been carried out on the effects of caffeine

02:42:36Some of these studies have shown that drinking a reasonable amount of coffee a day does not increase the risk of dehydration

02:42:44Eating yogurt facilitates digestion

02:42:47Do you think it's a reality or another myth?

02:42:50It's a reality, but with the right choice of yogurt

02:42:53Yogurt is a food that contains probiotics

02:42:56These are the good bacteria that make everything go well in your intestine

02:43:00Eating yogurt alone may not be enough to have a healthy digestive system

02:43:05It effectively supports the digestive system

02:43:08However, do not forget that all yogurts are not the same

02:43:12Some contain sugar or fillings like candy or biscuits

02:43:16Classic yogurts are preferred

02:43:19Your hair will grow faster if you cut it more often

02:43:22Reality or myth?

02:43:24We have always said not to cry too much about the hair we lost

02:43:27Because it grew back faster

02:43:29Unfortunately, the growth rate of hair does not depend on the frequency of the haircut

02:43:34The average hair growth rate is about 0.3 mm per day

02:43:39In addition, many factors affect it

02:43:41Age, hormones and even the period of the year

02:43:44This is news that could encourage some people to report their next appointment at the hairdresser

02:43:51The apples you are used to buying at the supermarket look super fresh

02:43:55But they were sometimes picked up a year earlier

02:43:57Everything is in the way they are preserved

02:43:59First, they are covered with wax

02:44:01Then, the wax is dried in the hot air

02:44:03And finally, the apples are stored in cold rooms

02:44:07Lazy people are stronger than dolphins to hold their breath

02:44:10These lazy people are able to slow down their heart rate

02:44:13And thus hold their breath for 40 minutes

02:44:16If they watched series to cut the breath, they would only breathe once per episode

02:44:22If you look at old photos, you will see that people did not smile as much as they do today

02:44:27First of all, because photographers preferred serious faces

02:44:30So instead of saying Wistiti, people said something like Prune

02:44:34And their lips remained tight

02:44:36Other words worked just as well

02:44:38The Earth is not the only planet to have water

02:44:40NASA scientists are convinced that one of Jupiter's moons, Europe

02:44:44Has an ocean made up of twice as much water as our planet

02:44:48But it is hidden under a thick layer of ice

02:44:51And besides, even Mars would have liquid water

02:44:54Seagulls are among the largest flying insects on the planet

02:44:58Most species are not very impressive

02:45:00Only measuring between 2 and 5 cm in length

02:45:03It's already not bad

02:45:04But the largest, known under the name of Seagull Mega Pomponia Imperatoria

02:45:08Measures about 7 cm in length

02:45:10And its wings have an impressive width of 20 cm

02:45:14A very big animal then

02:45:16All goats do not peacefully graze in the meadows

02:45:19Some prefer to climb trees to feed themselves

02:45:22For example, Moroccan goats are animals with unique behavior

02:45:26The thing is that they are much more attracted by the fruits of the Argania

02:45:29Than by ordinary grass

02:45:31It's quite understandable

02:45:33These fruits really look delicious

02:45:35These goats are rather agile

02:45:37So they climb easily into the trees to go pick their juicy treats

02:45:41And they don't need anyone's help to do it

02:45:44There is a creature which, in principle, is able to live forever

02:45:49It is a species of jellyfish known under the name of Turritopsis do...

02:45:53It's too difficult

02:45:54It is also called, more simply, the immortal jellyfish

02:45:57These animals have the ability to rejuvenate

02:46:00Basically, as soon as something goes wrong

02:46:03These jellyfish return to the polyps stage and start all over again

02:46:06Now we're going to test your knowledge

02:46:09Are there more trees on Earth or stars in the Milky Way?

02:46:12If your answer is star, sorry, but you're wrong

02:46:15According to the estimates of scientists

02:46:17There are about 100 billion stars in our galaxy

02:46:20And about 3000 billion trees on Earth

02:46:23Impressive

02:46:25Pluto has still not made a complete revolution around the sun since it was discovered

02:46:30And now, let's say we've known this dwarf planet since 1930

02:46:34It takes about 248 years for Pluto to make a complete tour of our common star

02:46:39By the way, it's Mercury the fastest

02:46:41It takes about 88 days for this planet to go around the sun

02:46:45Anyway, Pluto will complete its first revolution since its discovery in the year 2178

02:46:50What a suspense!

02:46:53Another funny fact about planets

02:46:55The dwarf planet Omea has a very particular shape

02:46:59It looks like an earth apple

02:47:01It is about the same size as Pluto and has rings similar to those of Saturn

02:47:05If you want to find it one day, it is located somewhere beyond the orbit of Neptune

02:47:10Nachos were not invented so long ago in Mexico

02:47:14It's been less than 100 years since we eat it

02:47:16Ignacio Anaya, nicknamed Nacho, would have created this dish in the 1940s

02:47:22There is a beautiful story behind the creation of Nachos

02:47:25A regular customer who was very hungry that day

02:47:28Asked Ignacio to bring her and her three friends something a little different

02:47:33Seeing how hungry these ladies were

02:47:35He decided to prepare something for them quickly

02:47:37And he had to improvise and use the ingredients he had on hand

02:47:40So he put tortillas, grated a large amount of cheese on it and heated everything

02:47:45In order to make the dish tastier, he added some jalapeno peppers

02:47:49Mami Finan, the customer in question, asked her what was the name of this unknown dish

02:47:54Ignacio thought for two minutes before answering

02:47:57The specialty of Nacho

02:47:59Oranges are not always orange

02:48:01When they are grown in subtropical regions where it is not cold enough

02:48:05Chlorophyll does not decompose and the skin of the fruit remains yellow or green

02:48:10These oranges are generally treated with ethylene gas

02:48:13In order to give them their usual color

02:48:15That's what makes everything orange

02:48:17Well, I'm going to give you a little riddle now

02:48:19What is the common point between peanut butter and a wedding ring?

02:48:23Diamonds of course!

02:48:25Scientists have learned to turn peanut butter into diamonds

02:48:28They extracted the oxygen from CO2

02:48:31They recovered the carbon and subjected it to intense pressure

02:48:34In the end, they got diamonds

02:48:37That's it, you know everything

02:48:39The globe fish, also called balloon fish, is famous for two things

02:48:44Its incredible clumsiness and its ability to transform into a kind of balloon

02:48:49By swelling, these fish can survive in nature

02:48:52In this state, they are inedible

02:48:54In fact, they are not really edible even when they are deflated

02:48:57Their poison is more than a thousand times more toxic than cyanide

02:49:01Do not count on antidotes, they do not exist

02:49:04Maybe we'll find some one day

02:49:06There are not only humans who can become knights

02:49:09Manchos can too

02:49:11There is even one who lives in Edinburgh

02:49:13And he was made a knight in 2008

02:49:15Here is Niels Olaf III

02:49:17The mascot and colonel-in-chief of the Norwegian Royal Guard

02:49:22How tall are you?

02:49:24I bet your feet are smaller than those of the Statue of Liberty

02:49:27No statue really needs shoes

02:49:30But if it wanted to buy new sneakers

02:49:32It would have to find 879

02:49:35It's not surprising

02:49:37It still measures 46 meters

02:49:40These are our muscles that give us the chicken skin

02:49:43We call these little muscles the hair pullers

02:49:46And they are at the base of each hair follicle

02:49:49Every time it's cold, they contract

02:49:51Which makes our hair stand up

02:49:53Creating this well-known chicken skin

02:49:57You may think you are not very sporty

02:49:59But if you have already ironed your clothes in an uncomfortable place

02:50:03You are without knowing it, in a way

02:50:06Extreme ironing is a sport in which people take boards to iron

02:50:09In the most unexpected places

02:50:11Forests for example, on canoes or in the mountains

02:50:14To iron their clothes

02:50:16Some even do it at the top of bronze statues or underwater

02:50:20And yes, there are even official championships

02:50:22So have these people never heard of unfreezing fabrics?

02:50:26Rap battles are not as recent as we usually think

02:50:30In the late Middle Ages, there were verbal juts

02:50:33And it looked a lot like these famous battles in the world of hip-hop

02:50:36They were very popular in the 15th and 16th centuries

02:50:39Two opponents had to make fun of each other by improvising their lines

02:50:43According to some cartographers of the language

02:50:45We would have different areas for different tastes

02:50:48But that's wrong

02:50:49Some of our taste buds are more sensitive to certain tastes than others

02:50:53But that does not mean that a particular area is more sensitive to sweet tastes than another

02:50:58For example, according to recent studies

02:51:00All areas of the tongue have sensitive taste buds

02:51:03Chameleons do not change color to adapt to their environment

02:51:07It would probably be very tiring

02:51:09In reality, it is their mood, temperature or intensity of light that influences this phenomenon

02:51:16When chameleons relax and stretch their cells

02:51:19The crystals inside them are affected by light

02:51:22These reptiles use these crystals to communicate with each other

02:51:25So, for example, darker colors show that they are not in a very good mood

02:51:30They are even rather grumpy

02:51:32Beware of the grumpy chameleon

02:51:35Dwarfs can blush, just like people

02:51:37It works the same way

02:51:39They blush when they are angry, excited or when they feel bad

02:51:43The skin of their necks and heads becomes all red

02:51:46Opossums do not really sleep by hanging by the tail

02:51:49It is common in cartoons and in some photos

02:51:52But it is not a reality

02:51:54Their tails are very strong

02:51:56This allows these animals to hang on the branches and stay suspended

02:51:59But only for short periods

02:52:01And adults are too heavy to stay in this position for a long time

02:52:05So it would not be very relaxing for them if they tried to sleep like that

02:52:08Hanging by the tail all night is even the pinnacle of the impossible

02:52:12The impossible, so to speak

02:52:15Pockets are usually placed on the left side of the shirt

02:52:18Because most people are right-handed

02:52:20Is it a myth or a reality?

02:52:22It is a reality

02:52:24Many products are made with the intention of right-handed people

02:52:27Left-handed people know it

02:52:29For example, in public transport

02:52:31Have you ever noticed that the scanner that validates your transport title

02:52:34Is usually on the right side

02:52:36And it is the same for everyday objects and household appliances

02:52:39Chisels, tweezers, bottle openers

02:52:42And many other items of the same type

02:52:44Are above all designed for right-handed people

02:52:48It is the same for shirt pockets

02:52:50Although some people use their two hands indifferently

02:52:53Or change their preference according to the task to be accomplished

02:52:56The vast majority of people are right-handed

02:52:58According to a study

02:53:0075 to 90% of the world population would be right-handed

02:53:04And 10% only left-handed

02:53:06This means that having a pocket on the left side

02:53:09Rather than on the right side

02:53:11Is more practical for most people

02:53:13Do the experiment yourself

02:53:15You have to make an effort to reach your pocket

02:53:17Placed on the right side of your shirt

02:53:19However, your gesture is quite natural

02:53:21When it comes to looking for something

02:53:23In your left pocket

02:53:25Eating more protein

02:53:27Allows you to have bigger muscles

02:53:29What do you think?

02:53:30Dear followers of bodybuilding

02:53:32Myth or reality?

02:53:34It is a myth

02:53:35It is true that eating protein

02:53:37Is essential to have big muscles

02:53:39Protein, in fact

02:53:41Are in a way the building blocks of your body

02:53:44And yet, eating more than what you need

02:53:47Is completely useless

02:53:49Everyone should drink 8 glasses of water per day

02:53:52Do you think it is a myth or a reality?

02:53:55It is a myth

02:53:56So don't blame yourself for drinking less water

02:53:58Than what is recommended

02:54:008 glasses is not a magical number

02:54:02The hydration needs differ from person to person

02:54:05The amount of water you have to drink every day

02:54:07Depends on your activity and your physical habits

02:54:10The temperature of the place where you live

02:54:12Also has an impact on your needs

02:54:14If you live in a hot region

02:54:16You sweat more

02:54:18So you have to drink more water

02:54:20Soup, coffee, tea, fruits

02:54:22And other food you eat every day

02:54:25Also contain water

02:54:27Carrots are rich in sugar

02:54:29So you should avoid eating them

02:54:31If it is true, we should warn the rabbits

02:54:34What do you think?

02:54:35Myth or reality?

02:54:37It is a myth

02:54:38Carrots are composed of about 85% water

02:54:41Half a kilo of cooked carrots

02:54:43Contains only 3 teaspoons of sugar

02:54:45Compared to the amount of sugar

02:54:47Contained in your favorite desserts

02:54:48It is nothing

02:54:49In addition, carrots are rich in phytochemical compounds

02:54:53And eating them can help reduce blood sugar

02:54:57People of the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat

02:55:00Is it a myth or a reality?

02:55:02Obviously, the flat Earth is a myth

02:55:05But the story built around this myth is also

02:55:08We can not say that at that time

02:55:10The whole world doubted the spherical shape of the Earth

02:55:13They made the same observations that we do today

02:55:16For example, people of the Middle Ages could see

02:55:18Just like us

02:55:19That the sun's light

02:55:20At sunrise and sunset

02:55:22Forms an arc above the horizon

02:55:25Vikings wore horn helmets

02:55:27Is it a myth or a reality?

02:55:29The image is well known

02:55:31No Viking warrior without his horn helmet

02:55:33But in reality, there were no horns on their helmets

02:55:36We have not found any proof of this

02:55:40Detox juices purify your body

02:55:42Is it a reality or a myth?

02:55:44It's a myth

02:55:45What is commonly called detox

02:55:47Does not work like that

02:55:49It is your internal organs that take charge

02:55:51The cleaning process of your body

02:55:53The rat

02:55:54The liver

02:55:55The kidneys

02:55:56But especially the liver

02:55:57Your body purifies itself permanently

02:56:00Naturally

02:56:01No one needs to drink juices

02:56:03To eliminate these toxins

02:56:06Walnuts are malnourished

02:56:08What do you think?

02:56:09Myth or reality?

02:56:10You're right

02:56:11It's a myth

02:56:12Walnuts are full of healthy fats

02:56:14They are excellent for your heart

02:56:16And your other organs

02:56:18Americans throw on average

02:56:2038 kg of textile waste

02:56:22Per year and per person

02:56:24Is it a reality or a myth?

02:56:26A reality

02:56:27Imagine all these waste

02:56:29When a person throws his clothes

02:56:31They do not simply volatilize

02:56:33All these articles are sent

02:56:35In huge discharges

02:56:37Give these clothes

02:56:38Or resell them in second-hand stores

02:56:40Is much more ecological

02:56:42You've probably heard of these

02:56:44Miraculous laundry tips

02:56:46Supposed to make your clothes super clean

02:56:48And like new

02:56:49And if these laundry tips

02:56:51Were only myths

02:56:52Here are three

02:56:54The shirts must be buttoned

02:56:56When you put them in your machine

02:56:58Is it true?

02:56:59It's a myth

02:57:00It is better to keep the zippers closed

02:57:02In order to prevent their teeth

02:57:04Hang the fabric of your other clothes

02:57:06Unbuttoning the buttons of a shirt

02:57:08Can dilate the zippers

02:57:10In the long run

02:57:11The buttons will start to slip

02:57:13And your shirt will be good to throw

02:57:15Washing your clothes in hot water

02:57:17Is the most effective way to clean them

02:57:19Is it a myth or a reality?

02:57:21It is still a myth

02:57:23You want to get rid of microbes

02:57:25However, hot water alone

02:57:27Will not be enough for that

02:57:29Nowadays, many detergents

02:57:31Are perfectly able to clean our clothes

02:57:33In cold or warm water

02:57:35We must clean the stains

02:57:37On the outside of the fabric

02:57:39Is it true?

02:57:40Most people apply water and soap

02:57:42Directly on the stain

02:57:44Starting with the outside of the fabric

02:57:46But this is not the best solution

02:57:48It is better to start with the inside

02:57:50The stain can sink deeper

02:57:52If you treat it from the outside

02:57:54Try to bring the stain back to the surface

02:57:56Rather than pushing it back inside

02:57:58Listening to music

02:58:00Is effective in learning a new language

02:58:02Is it a myth or a reality?

02:58:04It is a reality

02:58:06Scientists have declared

02:58:08That listening to a song

02:58:10And humming at the same time

02:58:12Can help us learn a language

02:58:14Many people have difficulties

02:58:16Learning grammar rules

02:58:18However, in our daily lives

02:58:20We do not always follow them

02:58:22Songs can help us

02:58:24Memorize common expressions

02:58:26Scientists have also claimed

02:58:28That music allows us to remember new words

02:58:30And enrich our vocabulary

02:58:32Let me give you an example

02:58:34Do you remember your first year of school?

02:58:36Yes, the alphabet song

02:58:38Are you a morning person

02:58:40Or a night bird?

02:58:42In any case, you must be aware

02:58:44Of the realities and myths

02:58:46Concerning sleep

02:58:48A person managed to stay awake

02:58:50For 11 consecutive days

02:58:52Do you think it is possible

02:58:54Or is it an urban legend?

02:58:56It is a reality

02:58:58Randy Gardner set the record

02:59:00It was a scientific experiment

02:59:02Led by Dr. William C. Demond

02:59:04Who studied sleep

02:59:06At Stanford University

02:59:08This doctor recorded and monitored

02:59:10Randy Gardner's sleep activity

02:59:12And Gardner managed to stay awake

02:59:14For 11 days and 25 minutes

02:59:16Your body

02:59:18Ends up getting used to less sleep

02:59:20Myth or reality?

02:59:22It is a myth

02:59:24Many studies prove that your body

02:59:26And your brain in particular

02:59:28End up getting used to less sleep

02:59:30Did you notice that after a few sleepless nights

02:59:32You started to feel more energetic during the day?

02:59:34It is your body

02:59:36That tries to adapt to its lack of rest

02:59:38Long-term lack of sleep

02:59:40Affects your performance

02:59:42Your concentration

02:59:44And your decision-making during the day

02:59:46Many adults

02:59:48Need only 5 hours of sleep or less

02:59:50Is it true?

02:59:52It is very easy

02:59:54It is a myth

02:59:56Some people recommend to adults

02:59:58To sleep between 7 and 9 hours per night

03:00:00Some people show a genetic mutation

03:00:02That allows them to wake up in full form

03:00:04After a short night of sleep

03:00:06But these people are exceptions

03:00:081 in 4 million

03:00:10It is said that people

03:00:12Who are able to sleep anywhere

03:00:14Or at any time

03:00:16Are good sleepers

03:00:18What do you think? Myth or reality?

03:00:20It is a myth

03:00:22A good sleeper sleeps enough

03:00:24Cats spend 2 thirds of their lives

03:00:26Sleeping

03:00:28Is it true?

03:00:30You probably won't be surprised

03:00:32It is a reality

03:00:34Did you manage to answer

03:00:36Most of these questions?

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