Les gouffres sont comme des trappes surprises de la nature, et certaines de leurs histoires sont tout simplement terrifiantes ! À Guatemala City, un immense gouffre a englouti un bâtiment entier, laissant derrière lui un trou immense et inquiétant. En Floride, la chambre d'un homme a été engloutie par un gouffre alors qu'il s'y trouvait, et les sauveteurs n'ont pas pu l'atteindre—frissonnant, n'est-ce pas ? Ensuite, il y a le célèbre "Cour Céleste" en Chine, un gouffre impressionnant mais effrayant qui fait plus de 2 000 pieds de profondeur. En Russie, un énorme gouffre continue de croître et a gagné le surnom de "Porte de l'Enfer". Ces histoires nous rappellent que parfois, le sol sous nos pieds n'est peut-être pas aussi solide que nous le pensons ! 🌍💥 Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00If you were in Kuala Lumpur last August, you may have seen a scene worthy of a disaster film, a group of divers, fully equipped, preparing to dive in ... the asphalt.
00:12But it was not a fiction, it was a real rescue mission, that of a woman swallowed by a gulf in the heart of the city.
00:20She was walking down the street when an 8-meter-wide hole opened under her feet.
00:26The whole city of Kuala Lumpur was shocked by what happened.
00:30For days, a team of more than a hundred rescuers tried to find the Indian tourist.
00:35But in 17 hours of research, they could only find a pair of slippers.
00:39The city even hired divers, who went down the sewers in diving suits.
00:44However, their report did not give much hope.
00:47They said they had dived in the dark, and that their mission was constantly prevented by strong currents of water.
00:54These gulfs, or dolins, are a kind of natural trap.
00:58Their appearance is due to underground erosion, often caused by water, which weakens the ground under our feet.
01:04The underground water, as it flows, dissolves the minerals in the depths of the ground, leaving interstices in the rocks.
01:11This process, known as alteration, considerably weakens the soils.
01:16When the voids and interstices become sufficiently large, the upper surface collapses, creating a giant hole.
01:23This happens without any warning.
01:26The Kuala Lumpur gulf is only a recent example, and it is not the last.
01:31A second hole opened in the same neighborhood a few days later.
01:35Traders kept repeating how harmful this situation was to their business.
01:41This area of Kuala Lumpur is usually very popular with tourists.
01:45And these disasters prevented them from coming for several days.
01:49It is not difficult to know where and when the gulfs will appear.
01:53Look at this.
01:54This is a scene that took place in Naples, also at the beginning of the year.
01:59It was an ordinary Wednesday morning.
02:01A dolin suddenly opened up in a quiet street, swallowing two cars on the way.
02:06One of the cars was parked, but there were passengers in the other.
02:10By miracle, these were shot with light injuries.
02:14But the incident shook the whole city.
02:16The mayor has impeached the disaster for years of neglect of the sewage system,
02:21claiming that it was the wrong infrastructure that had made the ground unstable.
02:25And then there is Florida, nicknamed Sinkhole Alley, the gulf alley, for good reason.
02:31This year, Highland City, about 64 km east of Tampa, experienced a dramatic episode.
02:38Kyle, a resident of the city, was woken up early one morning by his crazy neighbor.
02:43When he left his house, he discovered that a 18-meter-deep gulf had appeared in his garden,
02:49a few centimeters from his child's bedroom.
02:52Kyle was terrified, especially with small ones so close to the dangerous area.
02:57His house was not damaged, but he escaped it beautifully.
03:00Dolins are not new in Florida.
03:03In 2013, the Hillsborough County experienced one of the most tragic incidents in the history of the state.
03:09Jeff, a resident of a one-story house built in the 1970s,
03:13was sleeping peacefully one night when the ground under his home began to collapse.
03:18In a few minutes, a gulf opened, engulfing part of the property where Jeff was still.
03:24The five other inhabitants managed to escape, but Jeff did not have that chance.
03:29When the firefighters arrived, they judged that it was too dangerous to proceed with a rescue.
03:35Dolins are too unpredictable,
03:37and the shipment of heavy equipment in the area could have ceded the ground even more.
03:42The authorities of the county were so shocked by the event
03:45that they bought the land where the dolin had opened,
03:48as well as some surrounding property,
03:50in order to ensure that no one would ever build in this place again.
03:54This decision proved to be fair,
03:56because the gulf reopened twice after the initial collapse.
04:00Twice, the area was empty and no one was injured.
04:04Florida is particularly vulnerable due to a unique combination of factors.
04:09Most of the state's soil is made up of carbonated rocks,
04:13limestone in particular, extremely porous and prone to erosion.
04:17Florida also experiences periods of drought followed by heavy rains,
04:21which further weakens the soil.
04:23To top it all off, the elevation of the sea level means that the groundwater levels also increase,
04:29which only worsens the situation.
04:31The local authorities have tried to remedy the situation
04:35by modifying the trace of underground water currents and reinforcing the vulnerable areas,
04:39but it is impossible to get rid of the dolins.
04:42I know what you're thinking,
04:44the dolins are really horrible,
04:46but they are not always harmful.
04:48In some cases, they become tourist attractions,
04:52and they can even house unique ecosystems.
04:56This gulf, found in the middle of the sea,
04:58is a blue hole called the Dragon's Hole.
05:01This marine gulf is a real wonder.
05:03More than 20 species of fish have chosen to live there,
05:06even if the water is a little more acidic than those to which these various creatures are used.
05:11It is therefore not surprising that divers and amateurs of diving in the Apennines
05:15frequently visit this area.
05:17The Dragon's Hole is 300 metres deep
05:20and is found near the Paracels Islands.
05:22Scientists discovered it in 2016
05:24and believe it to be the deepest blue hole in the world.
05:28A blue hole appears when a gulf forms under water.
05:31Here is a brief scientific overview.
05:33Under all the water, there is land,
05:36which is also called a marine bottom or ocean floor.
05:39Let's assume that this marine bottom is formed by a carbonated rock such as limestone.
05:43When water enters the limestone,
05:45it tends to dissolve in its deepest layers,
05:50which leads to the appearance of caves and cavities.
05:53This process begins in the depths of the ground and continues to the surface.
05:57When it reaches it,
05:59weakening the ceiling of the cave,
06:01things get rougher
06:02and we then get a submarine gulf or blue hole.
06:05The deep holes are also formed by the chemical reaction of the submarine.
06:10When the soft water of the depths of the ground meets the salty water of the oceans,
06:14a chemical reaction occurs.
06:16Weak acids then surround the rocks
06:18and these huge underwater caves appear.
06:21But the dragon hole is so deep
06:23that scientists think it resulted from a very different process.
06:27It would be due, according to them, to tectonic activity
06:30or to another geological event of the same order.
06:33There are a few other blue holes in the world.
06:36For example, the blue hole of Dean, located in the Bahamas,
06:39or the Great Blue Hole of Ubelize.
06:42The latter is an extremely popular diving destination.
06:46Tourists can explore this 146-meter-deep gulf.
06:51But here is one of the most spectacular holes in Brazil.
06:55This is the hole of the Arras,
06:57one of the largest inner gulfs of South America.
07:00This 100-meter-deep hole is also the result of limestone erosion.
07:04Its name already indicates its current function.
07:07It serves as a refuge for thousands of Arras, of varied species.
07:11The red Arras and the Maracana Arras fly there in large numbers.
07:15It was formed about 300 million years ago
07:18and is now a natural reserve.
07:20These rocky walls have proven to be an excellent shelter for the Arras.
07:25All day long, these birds fly from left to right,
07:28always accompanied by their companions.
07:30In case you didn't know, the Arras are really monogamous.
07:34And since it's romantic,
07:36it is estimated at 60 the number of couples of Arras
07:38who live in this gulf today.
07:40One of the most fascinating gulfs is that of Bima, in Oman.
07:44This huge structure is located in a dry and rocky desert
07:47and houses a turquoise water basin.
07:50The inhabitants of the region used to think
07:52that a meteor had hit the earth at this place.
07:55This old legend gave its name to the hole,
07:58which means spinning star.
08:00But in reality, it formed naturally due to limestone erosion.
08:05This huge gulf is about 40 meters wide and 20 meters deep.
08:10Turquoise water is a combination of freshwater and saltwater.
08:15It is because of its beauty that it has been transformed into a park.
08:19People come from all over the world to admire this surreal landscape.