La région Kem Kem au Maroc est l'un des endroits les plus extrêmes et dangereux du passé ancien de la Terre ! 🌍🦖 Connue comme le "lieu le plus dangereux de l'histoire de la planète", elle était autrefois un vaste système fluvial peuplé de prédateurs terrifiants. D'énormes dinosaures comme le Spinosaurus, avec sa grande voile et ses dents acérées, régnaient sur ces eaux aux côtés de féroces crocodiles. 🐊 Mais voici la particularité : l'environnement était si rude et compétitif que même ces prédateurs peinaient souvent à survivre. Les pénuries de nourriture et les combats constants pour la domination faisaient de la vie un jeu mortel. Aujourd'hui, la région de Kem Kem est une mine d'or de fossiles, offrant un aperçu de ce paradis préhistorique de prédateurs. C'est un rappel frappant de la brutalité de la nature—même pour les rois de leur époque ! 🦖 Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00There is on our planet such a perilous place that even the most dreadful creatures of today would not survive there for a moment.
00:07This site used to be in the current region of the South-East of Morocco, known as the Plateau of Khem Khem.
00:16The history of this place dates back to about 100 million years, at the time of the Cretaceous.
00:22At first glance, one would have thought of an enchanting place, a luxurious forest, sparkling rivers under the light of the sun.
00:30Until you come across a terrifying dinosaur.
00:32Lions or current sharks do not weigh in front of the revelations of fossils.
00:37The Khem Khem region was dominated by formidable predators, including three of the most gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs ever discovered.
00:46Let's take the Spinosaurus, for example.
00:48This dinosaur surpassed all that could be imagined.
00:51A half-reptile, half-monster creature, reaching more than 15 meters in height, thus surpassing the Tyrannosaurus.
00:58Endowed with a muzzle evoking that of a crocodile and a dorsal fin, it reigned over the forests.
01:04But this formidable predator knew how to swim, making the waters just as dangerous.
01:09It captured gigantic fish, as if it were catching them with a simple gesture of shallow waters.
01:14There was also the Carcharodontosaurus, a carnivore whose name means shark-toothed lizard.
01:20Its teeth, as sharp as razors, tore flesh with freezing ease.
01:26This colossus, almost as large as a house, surpassed in speed, power, and aggressiveness most of the creatures that had trodden the earth.
01:35Finally, the Deltadromeus, a dinosaur with the appearance of a raptor designed for speed, tracked its prey like a ninja.
01:43Fast, and of formidable precision.
01:46Water and sky were not left out, populated by throbbing pterosaurs.
01:52Often confused with flying dinosaurs, these beings belonged to another category, more precisely related to close cousins of dinosaurs.
02:01These majestic reptiles overflew the Khems, Khems with a width reaching up to 9 meters.
02:06Their fingers were endowed with a membrane with a fourth finger, recalling that of bats.
02:12Their skeleton, of remarkable lightness, allowed them to glide with extraordinary ease.
02:20But the dinosaurs were not the only ones responsible for the terrifying atmosphere of the Khems-Khems.
02:25The waters also concealed formidable dangers, huge fish and creatures close to crocodiles.
02:34Their jaws, capable of crushing the waters, hung under the surface, ready to melt on any unlucky prey.
02:42Among these aquatic creatures was the Sarcosuchus, nicknamed Supercroc.
02:48This formidable reptile, 12 meters long, could easily swallow a human.
02:53Even better, it was able to attack an adult dinosaur and emerge victorious.
02:59Its jaws, of frightening power, left no chance to its prey, not even to the Spinosaurus.
03:06The Kelakans also frequented the rivers.
03:09These formidable predators could easily swallow a large fish.
03:15They were endowed with intriguing fins, which reproduced movements similar to those of our arms and legs.
03:21In addition, a particular articulation in their skull allowed them to raise their heads, strangely recalling a human behavior.
03:29Surprising fact, we thought that these creatures had disappeared 66 million years ago, at the same time as the dinosaurs.
03:36But recently, they have been rediscovered in the Indian Ocean, where they still thrive today.
03:42We had simply found refuge in the depths, and probably never noticed the impact of the asteroid having decimated the dinosaurs, or even the appearance of man.
03:51Rest assured, over millions of years, these creatures have become practically harmless.
03:57Their size has shrunk four to five times, although they still weigh about 90 kilos.
04:03Imagine their size at the time, the waters of the Kem Kems also sheltered huge Dipnustes and other frightening aquatic creatures.
04:11Drinking or swimming in these rivers was therefore a risky business, where one could be attacked at any time.
04:17What an incredible place, even the turtles reached the size of a car over there.
04:22Imagine surviving in a world where these gigantic creatures seemed omnipresent.
04:27What made this place unique was not only the impressive size of these beasts, but above all the exceptional density of predators that reigned there.
04:37You might think that it is unlikely that such a large number of predators can cohabit in the same place, and you would be right.
04:45Preys were rare there.
04:47This makes the situation even more frightening.
04:50These predators roamed the region, tracking the slightest trace of life.
04:54And when there was nothing left to hunt, they turned against each other.
04:59For years, scientists have been trying to understand this situation.
05:04Was it a feature of this era, where all the regions of the globe seemed so dangerous?
05:09Or did this place have something special?
05:12Some suggest that we would have only found fossils of predators, because the most peaceful animals would have disappeared.
05:20And that the fossil remains would be so biased.
05:24But in the end, the mystery remains whole.
05:28The environment was just as captivating as the creatures that lived there, although slightly more hospitable.
05:34Imagine.
05:35This desert, now arid, was once a green, wet and river-crossed paradise.
05:42The sun was burning the earth intensely, and the climate was so hot that even the poles were temperate.
05:49The weather was extreme, alternating between dry seasons and violent storms that shaped both the landscape and life.
05:56Tremendous rivers crossed this territory, carving their way from the Sahara to the ancient Tethys Ocean, to the north.
06:04If you had been able to observe this panorama, you would have seen gigantic interconnected basins, and beyond, the central Atlantic.
06:12The floodplains stretched out under a scorching hot sky.
06:16These rivers were unpredictable, calm and peaceful one day, then burst like beasts in fury the next day.
06:25At first, these watercourses were of impressive power, digging deep canals and forming huge bands of sand.
06:32But, over time, their flow slowed down, and the landscape metamorphosed, from shallow ponds to salt expanses.
06:40The water, gradually withdrawing, left behind it a mosaic of wet areas and peaceful watercourses.
06:49Today, the Kem Kems have become a vast rocky desert where time seems to have frozen for millions of years.
06:55If you ventured there, you would discover a huge, steep cliff, its rocky surface stretching to the border between Morocco and Algeria, bathed in the sun's raw and relentless light.
07:07Under your feet would hide the remains of fossilized history, one of the reasons why this place has captivated scientists so much.
07:15This site probably houses one of the richest and most complete collections of fossils in North Africa.
07:21Of course, other regions of Africa, such as the Baharia Formation in Egypt, also have fossils,
07:28but they do not provide as much information about the life of this time as the Kem Kem site.
07:33This is explained by the presence of the rivers mentioned earlier.
07:37In the warmer and more arid areas, these watercourses have either eroded or buried under the sand.
07:45The first discoveries of the Kem Kem date back to the late 1940s,
07:49when a geologist named Georges Schubert discovered fossils of bone fish along the cliff near the border between Morocco and Algeria.
07:57A few years later, paleontologist René Lavocat truly expanded the scope of his discoveries.
08:03Travelling behind dromedaries, he explored the desert landscape and revealed a real fossil treasure.
08:10He discovered the partial skeleton of a gigantic herbivorous dinosaur.
08:14Finally, a peaceful creature in the Kem Kem.
08:18This long-nosed colossus roamed the ancient river valleys and fed on foliage like a peaceful herbivore.
08:25For several decades, scientists have undertaken only modest excavational expeditions,
08:31revealing here and there a few modest discoveries.
08:34Then, in the 1970s, German paleontologist Helmut Alberti led his team in the Kem Kem.
08:42It was at this moment that everything took a spectacular turn.
08:45They discovered fossils of prehistoric fish, crocodiles, dinosaurs, as well as fragments of the famous Spinosaurus.
08:53Imagine the joy of the scientists of this expedition.
08:57Since the mid-1990s, the fossil field has undergone a real revolution.
09:03New and impressive species have been identified in the Kem Kem.
09:08Over the years, the pace of discoveries has not ceased to intensify.
09:12Paleontologists, equipped with advanced techniques and tools, have discovered more fossils than ever before.
09:18And this is only the beginning.