Prêt Pour Le Décollage ? Des Faits Surprenants Sur Les Avions Qu'il Faut Absolument Connaître

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Transcript

00:00Have you ever wondered what would happen if someone accidentally opened the door of a plane?

00:05It wouldn't end well.

00:07The least we can say is that it would be very dangerous.

00:11More precisely, very quickly, there would be a lack of oxygen in the cabin.

00:15But fortunately, no one can open this door by accident.

00:19The difference in pressure between the inside and the outside makes its opening almost impossible.

00:24So it would take a colossal force to open it.

00:26Finally, these doors are designed to open themselves in case of emergency.

00:31Speaking of safety, during take-off and landing, the crew reduces the light in the cabin.

00:37This is done for a good reason.

00:39In this way, in case of emergency, you will see more clearly.

00:43Your eyes will get used to the darkness and you will have more ease of evacuation.

00:48Now let's talk about the pilots.

00:50They always wear these super cool sunglasses.

00:54But the goal is not to amaze the gallery.

00:56They are used to protect the eyes.

00:59Throughout their career, the pilots must take care of their vision.

01:03But the problem is that it is not an easy task when you are a pilot.

01:08The harmful solar radiation that our sun emits is filtered by the Earth's atmosphere.

01:14So the sunlight is not very harmful to you if you spend most of your time on dry land.

01:20But it is different up there in the sky.

01:23There is less air there and the brightness is much higher.

01:27For every 300 meters of altitude, the solar radiation is about 5% stronger.

01:33On average, planes fly at an altitude of 10,700 meters.

01:38This means that the amount of UV and I radiation is 175% higher than on the ground.

01:45It is extremely harmful to anyone's vision.

01:48Therefore, the large number of hours that pilots spend in the air makes them vulnerable to various eye problems.

01:54And having vision problems can cost a pilot his career.

01:58Therefore, it is crucial for them to wear sunglasses.

02:02And these must be of the best quality.

02:05They should minimize the impact of sunlight and resist UV rays, offering 100% protection for the eyes.

02:13In addition, they cannot be polarized, because polarization is likely to disturb the perception of displays in the cockpit.

02:21They should offer the best clarity, reduce eye fatigue and minimize color alteration,

02:27so that pilots can see inside as if they were not wearing glasses.

02:32There are so many ways to make planes safer.

02:35For example, ejectable seats could be installed there so that each passenger could be saved in the event of an accident.

02:41But in reality, it is much more difficult than that in the air.

02:45If there were ejectable seats everywhere, your trip would be very different.

02:49Everyone should be strapped to their seats with a harness to make sure they do not fall.

02:54Then, you should wear an oxygen mask throughout the flight.

02:58Because an emergency can occur at any time.

03:01Then, the ejection itself would exert a strong pressure on your body.

03:05Even fighter pilots who are physically prepared can still suffer serious injuries.

03:10For an ordinary person, this process would be all but safe.

03:13Thus, as stylish as it may seem, ejectable seats are not practical wars and are even, in reality, quite dangerous.

03:21Okay, very good.

03:23But we could at least have a parachute for each passenger?

03:26Except that it would not be very useful either.

03:29Parachutes seem to be able to save many lives only in appearance.

03:33First, having one is not so profitable.

03:36They are heavy and expensive, so that a plane should burn more fuel during the flight if there are parachutes on board.

03:43All this would be worth it, however, if the parachutes could actually have an impact on people's safety.

03:49But this is not the case.

03:51Line aircraft are not designed in a way that they are safe to jump.

03:55Especially with a few hundred people on board.

03:58Then, passengers are not at all trained to use them.

04:02Imagine that there is an emergency, that the plane finds itself in free fall,

04:05and that 200 people are trying to handle a parachute for the first time in their life.

04:09It would be a real disaster.

04:11And finally, it is not at all safe to jump from the high altitudes to which the planes fly.

04:16Thus, oxygen masks, life jackets, and pneumatic canoes are the best emergency equipment.

04:23And each plane is equipped with it.

04:25Do you see these huge reactors that the planes have under their wings?

04:29Look at them. They do not seem safe at all.

04:32Birds can be sucked into them.

04:34And this happens frequently.

04:36One could at least put a grid in front of the turbines to prevent birds from entering it.

04:41But it turns out that these engines suck in a huge amount of air.

04:45And it is crucial for their proper operation.

04:47The more air is swallowed, the more it is compressed, mixed with fuel, then burned.

04:53And then, this air is expelled from the other side, allowing the plane to continue to move forward.

04:59A grid in front would act as a barrier, reducing considerably the air intake,

05:04which is essential for the proper operation of the engines.

05:07And this would put the whole plane in danger.

05:09But do not worry too much.

05:11Birds fly much lower than planes.

05:14So they only pose a danger for a few minutes at the beginning of the flight,

05:18when the plane takes altitude, and at the very end, when the plane lands.

05:22Very few of them are therefore sucked in.

05:24And if they are, this is rarely a threat to the reactors or the safety of the passengers.

05:30Planes do not pass their speed either, as cars do.

05:33Technically, they can not move back.

05:36The reason is that planes do not need to fly backwards.

05:39They simply have to turn around and move in the opposite direction, always facing.

05:45The only time they really need to move back is when they have to go to the boarding gate.

05:50And in these moments, they can rely on aircraft tractors.

05:53These are small vehicles that can connect to the aircraft and move them in the required direction.

05:58Be careful about this the next time you travel by plane.

06:02Technically speaking, planes could also move back if their engines started to move the air forward instead of backward.

06:09But it is very dangerous for everyone around.

06:11One of the very rare cases where this is done is when landing, to help slow down the plane.

06:17And there are cameras outside that allow pilots to better locate themselves on the runway.

06:22They are particularly useful for delicate maneuvers.

06:25But did you know that there were also cameras in the cabin of the planes?

06:29Relax, there are no cameras in the toilets.

06:32But yes, they are indeed in the cabin, and only for security reasons.

06:37Air steward and host use them to see what is not visible from their own seats.

06:44Of course, the on-board staff can inspect everything by simply walking around the cabin.

06:49And that's exactly what they do most of the time.

06:52Thus, these cameras are mainly used during take-off and landing,

06:57when everyone, including the stewards, is supposed to stay seated.

07:01Because these are the most risky stages of a flight.

07:04Note that it is precisely during these stages that the rules are the strictest.

07:08All electronic devices must be turned off or put in airplane mode,

07:11and large electronic devices must be stored.

07:14The cup holders must be raised and the tables folded.

07:18The seats must be put in a vertical position,

07:21you must have buckled your seat belt, etc.

07:24All this is done for our safety and to guarantee a quick evacuation in case of emergency.

07:29So, let's talk a little about these rules.

07:32Airplane mode on electronic devices is important to ensure that the signals transmitted by these devices

07:38do not interfere with the electronic systems of the plane.

07:41In case of interference, they will block the radio frequency that the pilots need to receive their instructions.

07:47Do you remember this kind of tagada that a speaker emits just before your mobile phone

07:53receives a call when the two devices are close?

07:56This is the sound that the pilots could hear when they communicate with the control tower.

08:01Now, storing large devices such as mobile computers is crucial,

08:05because they could become obstacles if you have to leave the plane quickly in case of emergency.

08:10All aisles must be as clear as possible.

08:13This is why everything must be stored.

08:15The seats must be raised and the tables folded.

08:18Nothing should block anyone's passage.

08:20And finally, the stores of the windows.

08:22The lights on board the plane are also turned off.

08:25These two things are made so that your eyes get used to the natural light outside the aircraft.

08:30Imagine, it's night, an emergency occurs and the lights that were supposed to remain on suddenly go out.

08:37People must evacuate as quickly as possible,

08:40but their eyes are not yet adjusted to this darkness and they cannot see anything.

08:45This will slow down everyone.

08:47If the interior lights are off, however, people will get used to the darkness

08:53and will be able to evacuate more quickly.

08:55The same goes for the stores of the windows.

08:57If it is day and they are raised, people are used to the outside light and can evacuate faster.

09:04Another reason is that when the stores are raised during landing,

09:08people outside can see what is happening inside the plane.

09:12For example, if there is smoke or a fire and where precisely.

09:17In this way, they can better plan the evacuation process.

09:21In addition, you may have noticed these black triangles drawn above some windows.

09:26The latter mark the seats, hence the view on the wings of the plane is the best.

09:30It is necessary for the crew to locate themselves as quickly as possible

09:35if, in case of emergency, it is necessary to inspect the engines, flaps or ailerons.

09:40This small triangle saves a lot of time for on-board staff.

09:44We have talked a lot about emergencies, but they do not happen so often.

09:48It is more dangerous to drive than to fly, and many of us travel by car every day.

09:54However, the fear of flying is still very present, and people can be superstitious.

09:59In many Western cultures, the number 13 is considered a bad omen,

10:04so that airlines that serve these destinations sometimes simply omit row 13.

10:10It's just a tiny adjustment, but it can spare some anxious passengers

10:16the anxiety of sitting in the cursed row.

10:18In other cultures, as in Italy and Brazil, 17 is the number that brings misfortune,

10:24and some planes are therefore deprived of rows 13 and 17.

10:28In the planes that serve China, it is not uncommon to omit row 14 instead.

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