ara ir a trabajar, transportar bienes o ir de vacaciones ... Estamos en constante movimiento. En los albores del siglo 21, nuestros modelos de transporte existentes son demasiado contaminantes con unas emisiones de CO2 que se han disparado. El cambio climático es una realidad. La situación es crítica. Entonces, ¿Cómo será en 2050, cuando seremos más de 9 mil millones y 2 de cada 3 humanos vivan en las ciudades? ¿Cómo vamos a moverse en la ciudad? ¿Qué formas tendrá el vehículo autónomo del futuro? ¿Qué energía alimentará nuestros aviones? Para averiguarlo, el equipo de soñar el futuro viajó a los Estados Unidos, Francia, Suiza, los Países Bajos, para ir al encuentro de los videntes que piensan, inventar, fabricar y transportar todo en el futuro. El episodio revelará un futuro sorprendente e inesperado: nuevos modelos urbanos, ciudades inteligentes, eco-movilidad, vehículos autónomos, aviones y barcos eléctricos revolucionarios...
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FunTranscript
00:00Translation by CIRUSBMAX
00:31How do we feel about transportation?
00:34How long does it take? How angry are we? How happy are we?
00:38All these issues make our lives worse or better.
00:41As the 21st century advances, the situation is becoming critical.
00:45CO2 emissions reach exorbitant levels.
00:48Climate change is a reality.
00:50Our current transport models have reached their limits.
00:53What will happen tomorrow, in 2050,
00:56when the population is more than 9 billion people?
00:59Two out of every three people will live in urban areas?
01:03Think about how different New York, Paris, Milan or Singapore would be
01:08if we could eliminate 8 cars out of 10
01:11and still take everyone to their destination at the exact time.
01:18Travelling even faster, even further and for less money, is it a fantasy?
01:23Is the future of transport something similar to what science fiction imagined?
01:30Translation by CIRUSBMAX
01:32In the third millennium, we will have to reinvent our current transport models
01:38to face new social, demographic, economic and, above all, environmental challenges.
01:49The future they are about to discover is amazing.
01:54Human and technological initiatives across the planet
01:57are talking about the transport of tomorrow.
02:00I wanted to revolutionize things and change our way of flying.
02:05When I close my eyes, I see ships propelled,
02:09not only by diesel engines, but also by energy sources
02:13like wind, solar and any other that we can discover.
02:18I think in many ways we will go back to the values that you had before cars,
02:25but taking advantage of all these new systems and technologies.
02:31Driven by their vision, these pioneers follow in the footsteps of the innovators
02:36who, from the dawn of humanity, have dreamed of the future and shaken the world.
02:43When we stood up more than 4 million years ago,
02:47one of our ancestors provoked the first revolution in transport.
02:51From that moment on, we humans, curious and intelligent as we are apes,
02:55have never stopped inventing new ways of moving around the world.
03:01We built canoes and added sails to our ships more than 5,000 years ago.
03:07On solid ground, the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia revolutionized the concept of transport.
03:12Cars and carriages have become more and more sophisticated over the centuries.
03:22Visiting new places and going further.
03:24This dream continues to feed innovation and ingenuity, whatever the chosen path.
03:31In the 11th century, the Chinese invention of the compass revolutionized ocean navigation.
03:35It was now possible to conquer the world without getting lost.
03:40This achievement led countless dreamers and restless minds
03:44to meet other curious minds through their travels,
03:48thus exchanging ideas to face new challenges and change the world.
03:52And so, in 1769, Nicolas Quignon invented the first steam-powered vehicle.
03:58That meant having to depend less on shooting animals.
04:02Other inventors, such as the Mongolfier brothers, also dreamed of leaving the Earth behind.
04:07In the 19th century, the industrial revolution was already underway.
04:11Everything was accelerating.
04:12In 1829, the rocket locomotive George Stephenson marked the beginning of passenger trains.
04:18In Paris, Étienne Lenoir began working on the internal combustion engine.
04:22Gustave Troué presented the first electric vehicle
04:25and Carl Benz installed a gasoline engine in a car.
04:31For his part, Clement Hadec took off on the first motorized plane.
04:37In the course of the 20th century, countless quantities of goods
04:41and an increasing number of passengers were transported around the world.
04:48Traffic flows have become something so important
04:51that we may need to return to something a little calmer.
04:59Calmer, but how?
05:01How can we reduce the congestion in the hearts of the megalopolises
05:05that continue to grow without ceasing?
05:07Urban transport often causes stress and worries.
05:11To move more and more people,
05:13to create an increasingly complex structure
05:15and to manage the risk of accidents and pollution.
05:19We have to face all these problems once and for all.
05:24Science fiction promised us flying cars in the cities of the future.
05:28Will we ever get on such vehicles?
05:31Are they a real solution for the megalopolises?
05:36Help!
05:41What the hell was that?
05:42A taxi cab.
05:44What do you mean a taxi cab? I thought we were flying.
05:46Precisely.
05:50There are already prototypes such as the automobile.
05:53However, it does not seem that any of them generates interest.
05:57When you see the prototype,
05:59people think that it is not necessarily a good car,
06:02not to mention that it is a good plane.
06:05The obstacle is that it is a kind of cross,
06:07a hybrid that works,
06:09both in theory and in practice,
06:11since there have been flying cars for a long time.
06:14But when it comes to implanting them,
06:16you find problems with regulation and infrastructure
06:20that link with the absurd.
06:24If the flying car is not the future,
06:26what other ideas could help reduce traffic congestion?
06:30We need to get out of the current system,
06:32because we were promised that cars would bring us independence.
06:36That was true in the 30s, 40s and 50s,
06:39but we all know that most of us
06:41drive with very dense traffic.
06:43That is not a pleasure.
06:45It is very expensive and consumes a lot of time.
06:49Could it be that the automobile, as a symbol of freedom,
06:52has been replaced by the communication systems?
06:55I mean all those little devices
06:58that we carry everywhere,
07:00smart phones, tablets,
07:02portable computers, etc.
07:04If the time we invest in traveling
07:06could become leisure time
07:08or leisure time with enough comfort,
07:10why minimize it?
07:12This is one of the problems
07:14that the automobile is currently facing.
07:16Traveling by car is still,
07:18and with all certainty, a great waste of time.
07:22A symbol of social success yesterday,
07:24today the car around which we design
07:26and build our cities
07:28has ceased to be the object of our dreams.
07:30To continue being important
07:32and generate desire,
07:34manufacturers have promised a revolution
07:36in the hands of ultra-smart cars.
07:38This prototype Mercedes, for example,
07:40has already traveled 100 kilometers without a driver.
07:43Soon we will be able to travel by car
07:45almost without touching the steering wheel.
07:47It is the promise of the car connected to the autonomous.
07:53New vehicles full of sensors
07:55and with integrated information systems.
08:01We are told that they will be faster,
08:03safer, more efficient in consumption
08:05and more interactive than ever.
08:07The car is at a decisive moment in its history,
08:09but the urban vehicle of the future
08:11could have a completely different look.
08:13Boston, known as the Athens of America,
08:15houses the oldest and most prestigious
08:17university campus on the East Coast.
08:23MIT, Institute of Technology of Massachusetts,
08:25in Spanish, is a temple of innovation.
08:27The philosophy that prevails there
08:29encourages the destruction of existing walls
08:31and the construction of new ones.
08:33It is also a place of inspiration
08:35and a place of inspiration
08:37and a place of inspiration
08:39and a place of inspiration
08:41MIT recommends destroying the existing walls
08:43between disciplines.
08:45In his laboratory, Ken Larson and his team
08:47are inventing the city
08:49and the urban transport of tomorrow.
08:51In many cities,
08:53some more than 50% of their land
08:55is dedicated to streets,
08:57parking lots and access roads.
08:59There are infrastructures
09:01that are related to machines,
09:03not to people.
09:11We started thinking about these problems
09:13more than 10 years ago,
09:15and at that time,
09:17the notion of shared economy
09:19had just begun to take shape.
09:21I mean that idea
09:23of going to a shared bicycle dealer
09:25or a shared vehicle parking lot.
09:27They would have to be located
09:29by definition in areas of great value
09:31to the city,
09:33because that's where there's more population,
09:35that's where the demand is generated.
09:37We quickly realized
09:39that when people park,
09:41it takes up too much space,
09:43so we developed the urban car
09:45that could fold
09:47and become a small package.
09:55This provides a tremendous advantage
09:57since you can provide much more services
09:59without using more urban land
10:01to park.
10:05Once you've achieved that,
10:07you can have very low-cost autonomy
10:09and make the vehicle come to you
10:11wherever you are,
10:13so it won't be necessary
10:15to fold the car,
10:17which will always be in motion
10:19because it won't be necessary
10:21to store it in a part of the city
10:23of high value.
10:25So our research changed the folding
10:27to occupy less space
10:29to low-cost autonomy
10:31to transport people and goods
10:33in such a way
10:35that it won't be necessary
10:37to store the vehicle
10:39in a high-value part of the city.
10:49The P.E.V.
10:51stands for Persuasive Electric Vehicle
10:53because we're designing a vehicle
10:55that persuades people
10:57to adopt more sustainable
10:59models for the city,
11:01on the one hand,
11:03but also persuades people
11:05to do more physical exercise.
11:09The P.E.V. is an ultra-light tricycle
11:11driven by pedals
11:13or with fully autonomous electric energy.
11:15Designed for shared use,
11:17it will always be in motion.
11:19At night, it will charge itself
11:21on the outskirts of urban areas.
11:23During the day, it will alternate
11:25between passenger and goods transport
11:27depending on the peak hours.
11:29It picks me up where I am,
11:31where I want to go.
11:33I don't have to worry
11:35about closing it,
11:37parking spaces,
11:39safety or maintenance.
11:41It's something like
11:43personal mobility.
11:45The P.E.V.'s electronic systems
11:47have been derived from
11:49the technology of smart phones.
11:51They are affordable
11:53and available to the general public.
11:55Apart from their low cost,
11:57the idea is that the vehicle
11:59is equipped with powerful
12:01but expensive detection
12:03and analysis systems
12:05that other faster autonomous
12:07car prototypes incorporate.
12:19One of the reasons
12:21why we are interested
12:23in this low-speed
12:25persuasive electric vehicle
12:27is that we have
12:29an average vehicle
12:31capable of moving
12:33at high speed,
12:35which moves very quickly
12:37between intersections,
12:39in many cases
12:41between urban intersections,
12:43so they end up stopping
12:45precisely at those intersections.
12:47If all those vehicles
12:49were moving at 19,
12:5125 kilometers per hour,
12:53the traffic would have
12:55continued to flow
12:57just as well.
13:15The way of moving,
13:17the way of working,
13:19the way of meeting people,
13:21the way of buying,
13:23all this technology
13:25is now entering
13:27the physical space.
13:29It is what people call
13:31the beginning of ubiquitous
13:33computing.
13:35In other words,
13:37computers are everywhere.
13:39Another way of referring
13:41to this is to talk about
13:43the Internet,
13:45but not the Internet
13:47as we knew it in the past,
13:49but the Internet of Things,
13:51as we know it in the past,
13:53as we know it in the past.
14:21If we combine,
14:43through the use
14:45of advanced technologies,
14:47a better urban planning
14:49and a better city planning,
14:51I think we can reach
14:53a completely new pattern
14:55and even a breakthrough
14:57that will substantially
14:59improve life
15:01and drastically reduce
15:03resource consumption.
15:05Giving back to the inhabitants
15:07of the cities
15:09the place that belongs to them,
15:11giving them access
15:13to various means of transport
15:15that can be combined
15:17and continuing to reach everywhere
15:19continuously without a car,
15:21that dream is already on its way.
15:27The project led by
15:29Ken Glarson is also part
15:31of a general trend
15:33that is observed in most
15:35western capitals,
15:37sustainable mobility.
15:39To make cities breathable again,
15:41public spaces are progressively
15:43being claimed in places
15:45where polluting vehicles
15:47used to prevail.
15:49Residents rediscover
15:51the pleasure of walking
15:53through an urban area,
15:55they use several private
15:57means of transport.
15:59In parallel with
16:01on-line skates,
16:03scooters and monoscooters,
16:05new technologies
16:07are emerging,
16:09new light electric vehicles,
16:11some more strange than others
16:13and prefiguring the
16:15eco-mobility of tomorrow.
16:17They all share the same goal,
16:19to create a city free of cars.
16:21The goal is to eliminate
16:23the big engines,
16:25the speed, the noise,
16:27all the negative aspects
16:29of mobility.
16:31Sustainable mobility
16:33is an excellent idea.
16:35When we are in a car,
16:37we only see a very small
16:39group of people.
16:41Living in places where
16:43you enjoy a slow movement
16:45is very pleasant,
16:47but we like to see
16:49other people and
16:51mix with them.
16:53The Netherlands have long
16:55demonstrated the aspect
16:57that a city free of cars
16:59can offer.
17:01Here, bicycles are much
17:03more important than
17:05the lifestyle and culture
17:07of the Dutch.
17:09The Dutch make more
17:11than 850 km per year
17:13by bicycle.
17:15Bicycles are so popular
17:17that they have changed
17:19the appearance of the city.
17:21In the vicinity of the
17:23big transport exchanges
17:25such as the Amsterdam
17:27railway station,
17:29the movement is constant.
17:31Stay close to nature
17:33is the best solution there is.
17:35Our roots are in nature.
17:37We are nature.
17:43My name is Jan Gunegh
17:45and I'm 33 years old.
17:47I designed a sustainable
17:49wooden bicycle.
17:51When I thought about
17:53a wooden bicycle,
17:55I was really thinking
17:57about the whole process
17:59of making a steel bicycle.
18:01You create steel
18:03using a lot of force
18:05and energy.
18:07On the other hand,
18:09you have the process
18:11of making a wooden bicycle
18:13with a simple tree
18:15from a beautiful forest.
18:17The wood only uses
18:19sunlight, water
18:21and CO2,
18:23and that's it.
18:25In this way,
18:27it's so wonderful
18:29to be able to grow
18:31your own bike.
18:33I love wood
18:35because it's warm,
18:37strong and flexible
18:39and it doesn't make
18:41a lot of noise.
18:43It's very quiet.
18:45I love it.
18:49The Boke Bike
18:51is a good example of sustainability.
18:53It's made of 95% wood
18:55and it's completely recyclable.
18:57Its pieces fit together
18:59like a puzzle
19:01and can be easily replaced.
19:03The Boke Bike
19:05is not just a bicycle,
19:07it's the whole mind
19:09that hides behind it.
19:11Could it be
19:13the future of urban mobility?
19:15A radical attitude
19:17that everyone walks,
19:19that everyone pedals.
19:23I was in that situation
19:25where you want to go home
19:27from work as fast as possible
19:29without thinking about anything else.
19:31It's also very important
19:33that you relax
19:35when you ride a bike
19:37and that you have a nice ride
19:39and that you have fun.
19:47It's very,
19:49very quiet
19:51because the wood absorbs
19:53the vibrations.
19:55So you can hear the birds.
20:01Well, for me it's very interesting
20:03to contemplate
20:05what will be the next step
20:07in the world of the bicycle.
20:09Maybe I can think of something
20:11or maybe it's a lot of other people
20:13who love bicycles
20:15but I don't know.
20:17Who would have thought
20:1915 years ago
20:21that the use of the bicycle
20:23would go up
20:25and that walking
20:27would be the means
20:29for 30 or 40%
20:31of urban travel?
20:33No one would have bet anything
20:35on that idea.
20:37This shows us
20:39that there is nothing immovable.
20:41Mentalities can change
20:43in a different way than we imagine.
21:13In 2050,
21:15there will be a lot of people
21:17to transport.
21:19In the aviation industry
21:21during the next decades,
21:23all systems will be at full capacity.
21:25Since the 1950s,
21:27neither wars
21:29nor energy crises
21:31have been able to stop
21:33the irresistible rise
21:35of the airplane.
21:37Air traffic increases
21:39by 5% annually.
21:41In 2030,
21:43more than 6 billion passengers
21:45will travel by plane.
21:47But the price of oil
21:49hangs over our heads
21:51like Damocles' sword.
21:53Today, the plane is the only means
21:55of public transport
21:57that does not have
21:59an alternative to oil.
22:01Air transport is an absolute paradox
22:03because it is in alpha.
22:05It depends entirely on oil
22:07and is not taken into account
22:09when it comes to
22:11reducing greenhouse gases.
22:13Air transport does not
22:15fall into those calculations.
22:17In that way,
22:19it can exist in a kind
22:21of parallel universe.
22:23Is it possible to use
22:25other forms of energy
22:27to drive aircraft?
22:29No. It seems as if air transport
22:31was going back in time.
22:33The I-FAN is a prototype
22:35designed specifically
22:37to be propelled 100%
22:39by electricity.
22:41It is the first of its kind.
22:43Equipped with two mini-turbines,
22:45this small aircraft
22:47is the first of a new generation
22:49of aircraft with zero emissions.
22:51Full of technology,
22:53this flying laboratory
22:55designed to be produced in a chain
22:57is the way the Airbus group
22:59has to open the aviation sector
23:01to electric propulsion.
23:03The I-FAN project is being developed
23:05by the French engineer
23:07Didier Sten,
23:09who also designed the prototype,
23:11assisted by his usual partner
23:13Francis Deborre,
23:15who is in charge of building it.
23:17I wanted the plane
23:19to be as silent and clean
23:21as possible,
23:23but I also wanted it
23:25to be dynamic.
23:27When I started designing it,
23:29I immediately thought
23:31about the batteries.
23:33Let's lift it up
23:35while you screw it.
23:37Come on,
23:39turn the table.
23:41Weight is our worst enemy
23:43in aviation.
23:45It makes our work harder.
23:47The proportion between
23:49the energy supplied
23:51by a battery
23:53and the energy
23:55supplied by a kilo
23:57of fossil fuel
23:59is 1 to 20.
24:01That is,
24:03for each kilo of fossil fuel
24:05we need 20 to 25 kilos
24:07of batteries.
24:09The battery
24:11weighs 167 kilos.
24:13We could add a little more,
24:15but if you add batteries
24:17to increase autonomy,
24:19you also increase the mass
24:21proportionally,
24:23which is why the team
24:25worked for months
24:27to achieve this delicate balance.
24:29The IFAM currently has
24:3150 minutes of autonomy.
24:39To minimize the weight,
24:41we use exclusively
24:43composite materials
24:45and carbon fiber.
24:47There is not a single
24:49metal part in the entire structure.
24:51This allows us to integrate
24:53the batteries and insulators
24:55into the structure
24:57and isolate all the electrical circuits.
25:03Aviation is, above all,
25:05an extraordinary human adventure.
25:07When you work in aviation,
25:09that usually means
25:11that you are passionate
25:13about this activity.
25:15And when you are passionate
25:17about what you do
25:19it gives you a certain philosophy,
25:21reinforces your character
25:23and helps to promote
25:25the team spirit.
25:27I remember that our 10-person team
25:29started from scratch
25:31to build an absolutely innovative
25:33electric aircraft.
25:37I love to build
25:39and invent things.
25:41It already occurred to me
25:43when I played with the Lego
25:45and the Meccano.
25:47But at the moment,
25:49it is not like that.
25:51Aviation has always been my passion.
25:53The idea of designing,
25:55creating and flying airplanes,
25:57whether they are made of paper,
25:59cardboard, wood, balsa wood
26:01or aluminum,
26:03has always been there.
26:17To make a plane
26:19that you have designed
26:21and built with your team
26:23fly is something very gratifying,
26:25exciting even.
26:27And besides,
26:29this plane is very quiet.
26:31So the feeling you get
26:33is like being flying
26:35with a motorboat
26:37or a helicopter.
26:39It is a great feeling
26:41to be flying
26:43with a motorboat
26:45instead of doing it
26:47with a traditional plane.
26:59Ivan, can you indicate
27:01the speed of the wind?
27:03Very good.
27:05160, 161.
27:07I am accelerating.
27:09During the flight,
27:11my co-workers,
27:13they used telemetry
27:15to monitor absolutely everything.
27:17Thanks to that,
27:19to date,
27:21we have completed 112 flights
27:23without problems
27:25and we have flown
27:27more than 50 hours.
27:29Lightweight,
27:31low energy consumption
27:33and quiet,
27:35the IFAN is a success.
27:37In July 2015,
27:39the small two-engine electric plane
27:41became one of the greatest
27:43pioneers of aviation.
27:45People keep telling me
27:47that I am the Bleriot of today,
27:49but I am not.
27:51In 1909, you needed a tremendous courage
27:53and a great willpower
27:55to cross the Canal de la Mancha
27:57on a plane as fragile as that one.
27:59He did not have a team like the one I have.
28:01He crossed the canal,
28:03landed in a field
28:05where a journalist was waving
28:07the flag of France
28:09Bravo!
28:11Bravo!
28:13Bravo!
28:15We did it!
28:17We did it!
28:19The current IFAN
28:21is still a prototype.
28:23It is a machine to learn.
28:25Electric data
28:27allows us to carry out a deep analysis
28:29that will be very useful
28:31for future projects.
28:33Everything we learn today
28:35is of vital importance.
28:39IFANs of two and four seats
28:41will be manufactured in a chain
28:43for private use and for training
28:45of professional pilots.
28:47In the last instance, Airbus plans
28:49to design hybrid aircraft
28:51with 100 seats for regional airlines.
28:53Manufacturers are always innovating
28:55to improve designs and engines
28:57and to reduce fuel consumption.
28:59Hybrid propulsion
29:01is not the only way they are exploring.
29:03Hydrogen fuel cells
29:05are too complex
29:07but the alternative to oil
29:09could come from the sea
29:11thanks to a new family of biofuels
29:13based on algae
29:15and produced in farms in the high seas
29:17without using agricultural land or drinking water.
29:19We should rethink the very concept of aircraft.
29:21The idea behind Clipper
29:23is to get an air transport
29:25as flexible as the railway.
29:27This modular aircraft
29:29has a wing to fly
29:31that can be anchored
29:33to three transport capsules
29:35and, if necessary,
29:37could transport as many passengers
29:39as three medium-sized aircraft
29:41with half the engines at most.
29:43It's a new approach
29:45to ground-air interconnection.
29:47These capsules could be anchored
29:49to a flying wing
29:51but also to a freight train.
29:53It's a very interesting idea.
29:55The key words are
29:57flexibility,
29:59modularity
30:01and multi-modality.
30:03Meanwhile,
30:05air transport seems to impose
30:07prohibitive prices on passengers
30:09and, ultimately,
30:11could become something for the elite.
30:13But what other aspect
30:15could transport adopt?
30:21Will we get rid of vehicles,
30:23time and distance
30:25and will we teleport
30:27like the characters in Star Trek
30:29or in the movie They're Alive?
30:33I don't know how it works exactly
30:35but it has to do
30:37with some sort of gravitational lens deal
30:39like bending the light
30:41or some damn thing.
30:43But you can move from place to place
30:45or world to world if you want to.
30:47You see, the whole thing
30:49works like one big airport.
31:03That would imply
31:05that you kill people
31:07wherever they are
31:09to replicate them in the place
31:11they want to go.
31:17In 2050,
31:19mobility could have
31:21much more to do with objects,
31:23ideas and capitals
31:25than with people.
31:27People would be connected
31:29but not travel as much
31:31as objects.
31:33Among these objects
31:35we find drones.
31:37Made in all shapes and sizes,
31:39they fly over cities and fields.
31:41Once restricted to military use,
31:43these unmanned aircraft
31:45now have new missions.
31:47Monitoring crowds and crops,
31:49evaluating technical infrastructures,
31:51territorial coordination
31:53and network management.
31:55Their field of application is very broad
31:57and sometimes includes unexpected things.
31:59Operator of 112,
32:01what is your emergency?
32:03I think my father has had a heart attack.
32:05The drone ambulance
32:07developed in the Netherlands
32:09can make a defibrillator
32:11arrive at the place
32:13where a cardiovascular accident
32:15occurred at 100 km per hour.
32:17It includes a web camera
32:19and a speaker
32:21that allows the trained staff
32:23to give instructions remotely.
32:25This drone will save precious time
32:27Very soon,
32:29these strange technological creatures
32:31will become essential.
32:33Like a swarm of bees,
32:35drones will swarm around us.
32:37How will we manage a population
32:39of thousands of flying robots?
32:41What does it mean for a city,
32:43in terms of urban infrastructure,
32:45the use of drones?
32:47What does it mean for us
32:49as individuals?
32:51One thing is certain,
32:53an overly liberal approach
32:55is not an option.
32:57There will be collisions,
32:59there will be problems.
33:01Various research projects
33:03such as the one being carried out
33:05here at the Swiss Federal Institute
33:07of Technology in Lausanne
33:09explore the problems of drone swarms.
33:11Researchers are trying
33:13to develop systems
33:15that can manage flights
33:17without having to go
33:19to a central computer.
33:21If there are 10 or 10,000 drones in the sky,
33:23each of them should learn
33:25to dodge the others by itself,
33:27autonomously, studying the environment
33:29and communicating with the rest of the swarm.
33:31Today, most drones
33:33can only fly in open spaces,
33:35but Swiss Flyability entrepreneurs
33:37have an original idea
33:39that will allow drones
33:41to go anywhere.
33:43If there is something really fascinating
33:45about insects,
33:47it is their ability
33:49to fly anywhere.
34:07That's what we wanted to imitate.
34:09We realized that it had to do
34:11with their ability
34:13to survive collisions.
34:15By trying to replicate
34:17their abilities,
34:19we came to the conclusion
34:21that we had to build
34:23a flying robot
34:25to test collisions.
34:27And for this,
34:29what we did
34:31was to build
34:33a cage
34:35around the robot,
34:37disconnected
34:39from what was
34:41inside.
34:43In this way,
34:45in the event of a collision,
34:47the cage
34:49would be detached
34:51from the inside
34:53of the robot
34:55In the event of a collision,
34:57this would only affect
34:59the outer cage.
35:01The robot itself
35:03would remain stable
35:05and without noticing anything.
35:13The goal is to create
35:15a drone that can go to places
35:17that no other robot can reach
35:19for exploration or inspection missions.
35:21Today, drones are perfectly capable
35:23of flying in open spaces
35:25as long as there is a GPS network
35:27available and not too many obstacles.
35:29The robot that we built
35:31can move in closed spaces
35:33and can fly in open spaces,
35:35slip inside a pipe
35:37or a tank,
35:39fly along a wall
35:41and even fly on the ground.
35:43This makes it
35:45very easy to use
35:47because the pilot's mistakes
35:49have no serious consequences.
35:53The disaster of Fukushima
35:55shocked the robotic community
35:57a lot.
35:59People realized
36:01that they did not yet have
36:03the tools to face
36:05such extreme situations.
36:07The flying robots
36:09used in Fukushima
36:11could not provide
36:13the kind of detailed images
36:15of the situation
36:17that was needed
36:19at that time
36:21because they could not get any closer.
36:23If they had done it,
36:25they could not have avoided
36:27the collisions.
36:37In a few decades,
36:39drones will do things
36:41that we can not even imagine
36:43today.
36:45We will not call them drones again.
36:47We will find new names
36:49for them.
36:51You just have to look at
36:53their growing popularity.
36:55It is obvious that they have
36:57tremendous potential.
37:03Drones are booming.
37:05Large transport and logistics companies
37:07as well as giants
37:09of e-commerce have clearly understood
37:11their potential.
37:13They see drones as the future
37:15of material deliveries
37:17in projects that seem ready
37:19to take off.
37:21The promise is always the same.
37:23To be able to deliver
37:25anything and all this in record time
37:27wherever the client is,
37:29even in the interior of Australia,
37:31based on tracking the signal
37:33of their mobile phone.
37:35But although they can be efficient
37:37in this task, drones can only
37:39transport small objects.
37:41They cannot be used for
37:43the transport of goods.
37:45Clothes, television
37:47and the dining room sofa,
37:49the coffee you drink,
37:51the gasoline of your vehicle
37:53and the metal of which it is made,
37:5590% of the raw materials
37:57and manufactured goods
37:59are transported by ships
38:01around the world.
38:03Merchandise sea transport
38:05is the backbone of the world economy.
38:07More than 100,000 cargo ships
38:09travel the world continuously.
38:11These giants burn thousands
38:13of tons of CO2
38:15year after year.
38:17To ensure a successful
38:19energy transition
38:21and move towards
38:23marine and ecological transport,
38:25the maritime industry
38:27has to develop new ships.
38:29We have come up with new designs
38:31so that ships can slide
38:33through the water more easily
38:35or, and I am convinced of this,
38:37get up in the air
38:39and then slide over the water.
38:41This is how they work.
38:45Obviously, we try to design
38:47ships that sit on the water
38:49as little as possible.
38:51This way we can provide
38:53the most efficient solutions
38:55to propel them.
38:57Researchers are surpassing
38:59each other in terms of their inventiveness,
39:01working with ships that combine
39:03innovative forms with alternative
39:05propulsion systems.
39:07The Planet Solar completed
39:09its first solar energy project
39:11and the SkySails project uses
39:13a large comet sail to take advantage
39:15of the winds that blow at great altitudes.
39:19No matter what happens
39:21with climate change
39:23and taking into account
39:25all possible scenarios,
39:27we are very sure
39:29that there will always be wind,
39:31so we can continue using it.
39:33The fascinating thing about using
39:35the wind as a propulsion force
39:37is that it's free.
39:39I'm Thys Nichols
39:41and I'm 49 years old.
39:43I know that I wanted to be a naval engineer
39:45before I learned how to walk
39:47or learn how to speak.
39:51Our normal business
39:53consists of designing super yachts
39:55propelled by the wind,
39:57sailing yachts,
39:59and we made a study in the 1960s
40:01in the last century
40:03done in Germany.
40:05And we now
40:07use those concepts again
40:09to design the future
40:11cargo ships.
40:17They call it the WASP,
40:19which by its English acronym
40:21stands for
40:23wind-assisted naval propulsion.
40:25The system is based on
40:27a set of rotating masts.
40:29Through a fully automated process
40:31the sails lengthen
40:33and the wind speed increases.
40:45It's a hybrid system
40:47because both the wind
40:49and normal propulsion
40:51are used as a combination.
40:53And using that combination
40:55we can reduce the fuel consumption
40:57and still
40:59adhere to the time
41:01that the cargo ships have to respect.
41:13The rig is already
41:15functioning in a sailing yacht
41:17called the Alcon Maltese.
41:19Their
41:21deposits and masts
41:23are made of carbon fiber
41:25and have been sailing
41:27for almost 10 years now.
41:29Fortunately
41:31there has been no problem
41:33and it sends us a lot of information
41:35that we can use
41:37in the design of the WASP.
41:41If we combine the propulsion
41:43assisted by sails
41:45with the new technology
41:47in routing software
41:49we'll get the perfect combination.
41:51That means you don't have to
41:53go from A to B in a straight line
41:55but you can take the route
41:57that is more efficient
41:59to reduce the fuel consumption.
42:01We calculated that on the Atlantic route
42:03we got a fuel saving
42:05close to 35%.
42:09We have to understand
42:11that the ships will be
42:13faster and faster
42:15and the faster they sail
42:17the stronger the wind resistance
42:19will be.
42:21That means we'll have to
42:23work on the aerodynamic aspects
42:25and the energy efficiency.
42:29With its unique design
42:31the Norwegian prototype ship
42:33Wingship goes even further.
42:35This hybrid ship
42:37of 199 meters long
42:39will be able to transport 6,800 cars
42:41using its hull as a giant sail.
42:43Depending on the angle of attack
42:45described by the wind against the hull
42:47it will slide faster on one side
42:49of the ship than on the other.
42:51This speed difference
42:53will allow the ship to move forward.
42:59This revolutionary project
43:01is already being tested
43:03in a Norwegian water tank.
43:05Computer simulations
43:07have shown its enormous potential.
43:09In a 23-day journey
43:11between Japan and Chile
43:13the Wingship would use
43:15three times less fuel
43:17than a regular cargo ship.
43:23Not only do we have to design ships
43:25but we also have to
43:27have an approach
43:29to the idea
43:31based on a system.
43:33Let's say I have a fleet
43:35of X ships
43:37that have to meet
43:39various mobility needs
43:41and transport X containers
43:43from one part of the world
43:45to another.
43:47How can I optimize the itineraries
43:49according to meteorological forecasts?
43:51There is a great potential
43:53when it comes to operational innovations.
43:55Everything is related to software
43:57optimization algorithms
43:59and mathematical models
44:01having to complement all this
44:03to technological innovations
44:05related to materials
44:07aerodynamic aspects
44:09and motor efficiency.
44:11Often a mixture of innovations
44:13is needed to overcome great challenges.
44:17Safer, cheaper
44:19and, above all, less polluting
44:21than current ships
44:23the ships of the future
44:25of the latest generation
44:27will integrate the latest
44:29technological innovations
44:31and provide a respectful
44:33maritime transport
44:35with the environment.
44:39Each new mode of transport
44:41that we have invented
44:43has been surpassing the previous
44:45thus allowing us to expand
44:47while decreasing in size.
44:51So, what are we missing
44:53to discover?
44:55It is clear that space
44:57is the first thing we think about.
45:05Exploring outer space
45:07to find out, among other things,
45:09if we are alone
45:11is one of the greatest dreams
45:13of humanity
45:15but is space really
45:17the new frontier of future transport?
45:21For us humans
45:23there is nothing more hostile than space
45:25it is empty
45:27it is cold in it
45:29there is nothing there
45:31nothing to eat, nothing to drink
45:33nothing at all
45:35you have to take everything with you
45:37and when I say everything
45:39I mean everything
45:41it costs 18,000 euros
45:43a kilo of computer hardware
45:4518,000 euros
45:47a kilo of human, much more
45:49because you also need to send water, air
45:51food, clothes
45:53everything we need to survive
45:55so that in the short term
45:57navigating through space is hard
45:59uncomfortable and difficult.
46:03The first obstacle to overcome
46:05is gravity
46:07which implies enormous costs
46:09every time a rocket leaves the atmosphere.
46:13But we have always dreamed
46:15of exploring Mars
46:17the Mars 1 project
46:19pursues to make humans land
46:21on the red planet in 2025
46:23and establish a permanent colony there
46:25where, according to the press release
46:27we will prosper, learn
46:29and grow
46:31as in the movie Total Challenge
46:33released in 1990.
46:43Total Challenge
47:05Welcome to the Mars Federal Colony
47:07for your safety and comfort
47:09domes have been installed
47:11we will protect you from the vacuum outside
47:13please do not touch exterior windows
47:15or air locks
47:17Once we have colonized Mars
47:19we will conquer the stars
47:21as in the interstellar movie
47:23by Christopher Nolan
47:25Thank you and enjoy your stay on Mars
47:27At this time, interstellar trips
47:29are not on the agenda
47:31although it is no more than because of their duration
47:33the speed that would be necessary
47:35goes far beyond what our methods
47:37of space propulsion can provide us
47:41If we consider the speed
47:43of the space probe
47:45New Horizons
47:47one of the fastest objects
47:49ever built
47:51and yet it took him 9 years
47:53to reach Pluto
47:55it is clear that it would take
47:57tens of thousands of years
47:59to reach the closest star
48:01Alpha Centauri
48:03which is 4.4 light years away
48:05We will have to colonize
48:07the periphery of our planet
48:09for a long time
48:11in the end, space will be
48:13just an excuse to make
48:15land trips faster
48:17Before we can fly from Sydney
48:19to London in a matter of hours
48:21suborbital flights will create
48:23a new caste of space tourists
48:25Along with the technological challenges
48:27and the energy costs of these flights
48:29its price, several hundreds of thousands of euros
48:31will turn those few minutes of zero gravity
48:33into something inaccessible
48:35except for an elite
48:39I would like people
48:41especially the super rich
48:43because they serve as a measure
48:45of what an average person wants
48:47to understand that it is simply
48:49not reasonable to ask
48:51to go wherever you want
48:53whenever you want
48:55and at the speed
48:57you want
48:59I think that the future
49:01of mobility
49:03rests more on reducing
49:05the need to travel
49:07and increasing
49:09the connectivity
49:11that in chimeras
49:13like traveling to Mars
49:15or God knows where
49:17For now, we can only
49:19count on our little planet
49:21there are ways to protect it
49:23even if we keep traveling
49:25there are solutions that are part
49:27of a global vision of coordinated transport
49:29solutions that technology
49:31will allow us to achieve soon
49:33in a world with new energy models
49:35a world where human beings
49:37can feel at home again
49:39we will travel less and less
49:41but the movement will not be reduced
49:43to zero because the world
49:45is very big and there are beautiful places
49:47to see, people to be with
49:49and places to go
49:51I think we will always enjoy traveling
49:53and getting to know the world