En un mundo donde la sostenibilidad es cada vez más crucial, reciclar metales se ha convertido en una práctica indispensable. Desde una simple lata de bebida hasta un viejo ordenador, estos objetos contienen materiales preciosos como hierro, aluminio y cobre que pueden ser reciclados infinitas veces, ahorrando consumo energético. Cuando estos metales se funden, su vida útil comienza de nuevo, creando un ciclo sostenible que beneficia tanto al medio ambiente como a nuestra economía.
Existen diversas fuentes de estos metales valiosos, especialmente en lo que se conoce como minería urbana. Esta minería no está en las montañas o en los ríos, sino en los vertederos, las chatarrerías y las plantas de tratamiento de residuos eléctricos y electrónicos. Aquí, la basura de aparatos que funcionan con pilas o electricidad se convierte en un recurso invaluable. Sin embargo, este tipo de residuo es también el más difícil de reciclar debido a la presencia de materias primas críticas en cantidades microscópicas.
La gestión adecuada de estos desechos es vital para evitar que caigan en manos de traficantes ilegales de residuos, quienes buscan lucrar con materiales peligrosos sin tener en cuenta las consecuencias ambientales. A través del reciclaje responsable, podemos asegurar que estos metales sean reutilizados de manera segura y eficiente, reduciendo significativamente nuestro impacto ecológico.
El proceso de reciclaje no solo protege el planeta, sino que también contribuye a la conservación de recursos naturales limitados. Al optar por reciclar metales en lugar de extraer nuevos minerales, estamos ayudando a crear un futuro más sostenible para las generaciones venideras. Este video te guiará a través de los pasos necesarios para convertirte en parte de esta solución global.
#MineríaUrbana, #ReciclarMetales, #Sostenibilidad
Existen diversas fuentes de estos metales valiosos, especialmente en lo que se conoce como minería urbana. Esta minería no está en las montañas o en los ríos, sino en los vertederos, las chatarrerías y las plantas de tratamiento de residuos eléctricos y electrónicos. Aquí, la basura de aparatos que funcionan con pilas o electricidad se convierte en un recurso invaluable. Sin embargo, este tipo de residuo es también el más difícil de reciclar debido a la presencia de materias primas críticas en cantidades microscópicas.
La gestión adecuada de estos desechos es vital para evitar que caigan en manos de traficantes ilegales de residuos, quienes buscan lucrar con materiales peligrosos sin tener en cuenta las consecuencias ambientales. A través del reciclaje responsable, podemos asegurar que estos metales sean reutilizados de manera segura y eficiente, reduciendo significativamente nuestro impacto ecológico.
El proceso de reciclaje no solo protege el planeta, sino que también contribuye a la conservación de recursos naturales limitados. Al optar por reciclar metales en lugar de extraer nuevos minerales, estamos ayudando a crear un futuro más sostenible para las generaciones venideras. Este video te guiará a través de los pasos necesarios para convertirte en parte de esta solución global.
#MineríaUrbana, #ReciclarMetales, #Sostenibilidad
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DiversiónTranscripción
00:00We are on a finite planet, and that finite planet cannot give us everything that the economy
00:17wants.
00:18The amount of mineral deposits on the planet, compared to the amount of rocks or what we
00:27can call terrestrial crust, is between 0.01 and 0.001% of the crust.
00:36It is so small that it is much smaller than the amount of water we have.
00:41The cheap minerals on which the economy is based are absolutely limited.
00:57We are talking about the Bronze Age, the Copper Age, the Iron Age, the next one will be
01:10the Age of the Periodic Table, that is, of all the elements that we have available.
01:16Just as the oil opium has been generated, the opium of phosphorus, the opium of tantalum,
01:24the opium of lithium or indium, we have opened up too many fronts, and we do not know for
01:31which ones the bullets will reach us.
01:38Recycling is the solution, we cannot do anything else.
01:49We have to live off our waste, waste that in some way is the raw material of the future.
02:19There is a lot of Asian interest, a lot of Asian buying of copper, and that has been
02:43sustained into the rings today.
02:49Average trade size for copper contracts, old estimate to be around 50 lots.
02:56So in monetary terms, at the moment where the price of copper is, that is roughly around
03:01nine million dollars per trade.
03:30We are talking about small, medium, and larger trades, and very, very large.
03:34Everyone looks for their reference and knows how much copper is trading today, or how much
03:37aluminum is trading, primary, secondary, and you have to refer to something, both in
03:42the purchase and in the sale, because one day you can make gold and the next day you can
03:46ruin yourself.
03:47What I do believe is that in this world of values, it is managed by people who understand
04:57the value of copper, who understand that it is a very powerful machine, in Spain it is
05:02the most powerful, in Europe it is one of the most powerful.
05:06The smaller and denser the waste, the more valuable it is.
05:14The consumer has the idea that a recycling plant, a waste dump, is that image of the
05:21van that picks up the homes, that picks up the houses, that then takes it to a kind of
05:25totum revolutum, and that image has changed a lot in the last 20, 30 years, and they are
05:33very advanced industries in IMASD and continuous improvement.
05:38Today, I believe that the recovery companies, the waste dumps, evolve more if we have more
05:48ecological awareness.
05:49If you have an awareness of not polluting, your management is probably much more efficient,
05:55because you are going to invest in modern machinery, and whoever has the best car wins the races.
06:04Iron, aluminum and copper are the most widely used metals in the world.
06:18There are no shortage of iron or aluminum in hundreds of years.
06:28What worries me the most is copper.
06:31We are using copper in all electrical connections.
06:35It is being used in pipes, it is being used in many electronic applications, and there
06:42is not so much copper, and above all, we return to the same thing, there is not so much that
06:47it is cheap.
06:51Its consumption grows exponentially.
06:54We have already exhausted more than half of the world's reserves of copper.
06:58If we continue to devour it at the current rate, demand could exceed supply by the middle
07:04of the century.
07:05Sometimes we forget that copper is already among us.
07:09Here, the most metals are steel, aluminum and copper.
07:32Everything is being segregated, because all the foundations, in the end, specialize in something,
07:39and you have to segregate it so that the materials are not mixed, and above all, clean.
07:53A boiler, once it is opened, fills the entire iron casing.
07:58It is about taking out all the materials that have a value above the iron casing.
08:05We start with the copper pipes, which is the one that has the most value.
08:10That is joined to the boiler by brass joints, which is the following.
08:14The whole circuit is what we call covered copper, which is copper wire with its plastic.
08:19We also have a cooler, which is made of stainless steel.
08:23It could be said that it is like a small mine, where you have to dig little by little
08:27to get what has the most value.
08:38An aeolian turbine uses 5 tons of copper.
08:42In a house there can be 100 kilos, and in an electric car, about 75.
08:53More than 40% of the copper used in Europe is recycled.
08:57The mines have ...
09:00The metals, if we recover them, do not die.
09:06We cannot continue as we are.
09:08We cannot follow a linear system, consuming, consuming resources,
09:11polluting, spending fuels to produce, to extract.
09:16The logical, sustainable and rational thing,
09:19also economically, is to try to put into the cycle
09:23all the elements that we already have available and that can be recovered,
09:26that can be reused and that can be recycled.
09:28This would be the most efficient.
09:40No one realizes the amount of minerals used throughout a lifetime.
09:44They are transformed everywhere,
09:47but they are not easy to see, and we do not repair them.
09:58When the history of a house is exhausted, they leave their hiding place.
10:08This is an atypical demolition.
10:11The ceilings can be broken, the forges,
10:14or even all the furniture is spread out
10:17and the interiors are thrown away so that the house is not occupied.
10:22Illegally.
10:24It is a bit of a sinister scenario and a bit of a war scenario.
10:33When executing a demolition,
10:36we have a mandatory waste management plan.
10:39We are going to try to value and recover
10:42all the materials that have a second life.
10:45This is what we are going to call the circular economy.
10:51The first thing we do is recover the metals,
10:53which is the most valuable recovery.
10:55For example, the lead from the pipes,
10:58the copper from the pipes, the cable from the lights,
11:01steel radiators, also the structure of the house
11:04and other common areas of iron.
11:10New works and new buildings are no longer understood
11:14without using at least 20-30% of the materials
11:18that are recovered from the work itself.
11:26It is also possible to recover appliances,
11:29refrigerators, ovens or microwaves.
11:32Everything is going to be managed at its recycling point.
11:35You have to separate it, classify it perfectly,
11:38each waste to its destination area for its own treatment.
11:43And when the building is clean,
11:45we will have a heavy machine.
11:47Our strength in our company is mechanical demolition.
11:50Very powerful machines that the building will collapse in a single day.
12:00Each person can use 1,800 tons of minerals.
12:04Some, such as gas or oil, are burned,
12:07but others remain trapped in the rubble of our lives.
12:12The first plants are treated in a complex.
12:21The first plants are treated in a complex.
12:32We are in one of the plants of the complex.
12:36Here we receive the waste that we collect in the city of Madrid on a daily basis.
12:40and we are receiving a residual fraction, a gray cube with the orange lid and a yellow cube with the containers.
12:59One of the most important things that I would like to convey to the citizens is that we do not mix the waste.
13:05It is mixed for many reasons. One of the most important is that the material that is usable within the container fraction,
13:11when it is processed, has a greater value in the secondary market of raw materials than the one that we take out of the residual fraction. Everything is mixed.
13:23In the pit of the containers, where the residues of the yellow container that manages Ecoembes arrive, there is a mineral deposit.
13:30Cans of steel and aluminum that can be recycled over and over again without losing their properties.
13:40Any residue, in this case a can, is an opportunity to take care of the environment because it can become a new resource.
13:47With 80 cans of drink you can make a bicycle tire, with 500 you can make a chair, or as our latest campaign says,
13:55with every 6 cans you recycle, you help to counteract 10 minutes of exhaust pipe pollution due to the CO2 emissions that you are saving.
14:06Ecoembes, the yellow container and the blue container, works on 8% of the total number of urban solid waste,
14:12the total number of residues that are generated in a city. And of that 8%, we are at a recycling rate of 76.
14:20In other words, just recycling a part, like in this case the domestic containers of paper, cardboard, plastic containers, cans,
14:27is not enough to contribute as a country to the objectives that Europe sets for us.
14:36Europe wants that within two years, in 2020, we recycle half of the municipal residues.
14:42And getting it is not going to be easy because we have only reached 33%.
14:48The main destination of our waste is still the landfill.
15:02What we are seeing through the tapes is the raw reality.
15:05Many materials are being lost, for example, in this part where we are dealing with the rest fraction,
15:10because they transport a very high amount of containers, containers that should not be here.
15:17If you listen to the audio in the plant, you can hear a lot of glass too, glass that should not be here.
15:23And again, if we look at the tapes, there is a lot of cardboard paper that should not be here either.
15:32The first thing that needs to be improved is the selective or separate collection of the different fractions.
15:37Right now, almost 80% of our waste is mixed.
15:40This means that it is completely inefficient when separating them, we are seeing it in the plants.
15:45A good part of all the resources are being put in a hole, which we call a landfill,
15:51or a controlled deposit, or even burning an incinerator or a cemetery.
16:01We are in the part where we deal with the container fraction of the plant, this yellow bag.
16:06We continue to see many things that should go in other fractions.
16:11We are talking about cardboard paper and even organic matter.
16:15We are talking about 14% of organic matter in the container fraction.
16:26One of the most important materials that are in this bag are metals.
16:31With a little effort that we citizens make in taking out those materials
16:35and depositing them in the container fraction, we could greatly improve our final result.
16:58This is the unloading area, where all the trucks come from different places.
17:03They can come from RSU plants, from landfills, and we are unloading them here
17:08to break those bullets and put them in the line.
17:13The material has to be loose to be able to do the sorting.
17:19Our main enemy here is everything that is a waste that has no value.
17:23Land, plastics, cardboard, inerts.
17:27A boat that comes with more dirt will be slower to deal with than a boat that comes with more cans.
17:33In the end, that is what we are looking for.
17:37This machine can deal with two tons of cans in an hour.
17:41Along the way, it leaves everything that does not interest it.
17:44Also the iron containers, because they have less value in the market.
17:48To the last crib, which is manual, only aluminum arrives, but not everything is worth it.
17:54This is a sorting tape, where the final objective is to recover what is the can of soda.
17:59Everything has aluminum content, but it is not the same a can of soda than a can of sardines.
18:05And what we use is that alloy of the can of soda.
18:11The London Stock Exchange is where all the raw materials are traded.
18:15This is aluminum, it is traded against aluminum, and we sell it against a percentage, and it is negotiated.
18:21This is the final product, the material is packaged, and this goes directly to the foundation.
18:41The Can of Soda
18:54At 800 degrees, the can ceases to be a can.
18:57The piece of the engine melts.
18:59An old toy is liquefied.
19:02Fire turns them into what they are.
19:04Aluminum that can adopt many other forms to have many other lives.
19:35We are in the material park, where the raw materials are,
19:39which will result in our final product, which are aluminum rings,
19:43which will fundamentally reach the automotive world.
19:46Obviously, our best junk is the one that comes from the engines.
19:55We are recovering elements that have already been something in our lives,
19:59from an engine, a car, a door handle, or a can of drink that has been recovered a lot.
20:06Toys like this scooter, or simply like this aluminum toy,
20:13or radiators for heating, automotive tires,
20:18which could be among the elements of higher quality, such as aluminum junk.
20:23You have pots, which will then melt and end up being many things.
20:34Urban mining, or the mines of the 21st century, are in the plants of recycling.
20:39They manage to get that mineral again in its purest state,
20:44much purer than in a real underground mining.
20:48For example, to get the aluminum from the bausita, we use 95% more energy,
20:55while if we have scrap or recovered aluminum,
21:00we have an aluminum with a purity of 98-99%, saving 95% energy consumption.
21:19We will lose 3% every time we melt a scrap metal.
21:24That is, of 100 kilos, we will only get 97, and so on, progressively.
21:35People must think that in this river of aluminum,
21:39we can find aluminum that has many years of recycling.
21:45That is, old aluminum, which were engines from 30 or 40 years ago,
21:50are in a minimum percentage in this process of this river today.
21:55And the scraps that come out today will become engines,
21:59which in X years will be recycled and become other engines or other parts.
22:07That is the virtue of recycling,
22:09that is the magic of being able to optimize our natural and energy resources.
22:27Last year, the Spaniards sent more than half a million cars to the landfill.
22:32The end of their useful life starts an industrial metabolism that literally digests them.
22:38Almost nothing is left of a car.
22:40There are businesses that feed on the leftovers of the banquet.
22:50The car is sent to the dump.
22:52And after a month, the car must be decontaminated and destroyed.
23:00We transfer it here to our facilities.
23:04In the workshop area, decontamination and dismantling of the parts is done.
23:09Everything we can take advantage of a car, we take advantage of it.
23:12That is the basis of the business and the criteria we use.
23:21Decontamination basically means extracting the fluids,
23:25such as gasoline, oil, brake fluid, antifreeze,
23:29catalyst, which constitutes a contaminant, and battery.
23:35Under the hood, there is a story of success.
23:38Batteries are the product that is recycled the most, almost 100%.
23:43At the end of the last century, the last large company that extracted lead in Spain closed.
23:48We put the lock on a highly contaminating activity
23:52and we turned the battery lead into the largest mine in the country.
23:58When an engine is disassembled, we have many things that we use for sale,
24:03such as injection pumps, steering pumps, starting engines, alternators, and so on.
24:09We make an order of disassembly of each vehicle.
24:13And if the engine is in good condition, we sell it as a complete engine.
24:18If the engine is in poor condition, the parts that are proven to be reusable
24:24are brought to that engine, cleaned, packed, labeled, and sent to the warehouse.
24:38Europe is the one that sets the objectives of recycling.
24:41In the case of vehicles out of use, Europe is setting a 95%,
24:45and there we have achieved the objectives.
24:48It is a very important figure.
24:50It means that from a vehicle, for example, we are recovering and recycling 95%.
24:56The fraction that can reach the landfill is a minimum fraction,
25:00and many times we are valuing that fraction energetically.
25:21When the landfill no longer has anything to reuse,
25:30we bring the car here.
25:38And here we are at a crushing plant,
25:41where the car is processed.
25:45We destroy it.
25:48We need recycling to make sustainable circular economy viable.
25:53It is essential in cities.
25:55And I think we have to mentalize ourselves.
26:18In one minute, we are able to destroy a car.
26:25That means that in a normal eight-hour shift, we could destroy a thousand cars.
26:33We are now in the control room of the machine.
26:37That machine is 110 meters long,
26:40and the only place where it can be monitored is here.
26:45What we do is a vacuum to remove the light,
26:49and then we put it in the machine.
26:52And then we put it in the machine.
26:55And then we put it in the machine.
26:58What we do is a vacuum to remove the light,
27:02which are the textiles of the seats, the light plastics.
27:08And once this has been removed from the junk,
27:11we go to a magnetic separation station,
27:14a huge roller with magnets,
27:17which segregates the iron from nonferrous metals,
27:22from what is not magnetized.
27:24Iron, iron, iron, 100%.
27:29It is the iron of the car.
27:31Once it has been through the machine, it takes a minute.
27:35As you can see, the size is homogeneous.
27:38Here we get, to give you an idea, to a more or less density, like water.
27:43Pieces of iron.
27:45Here we get, to give you an idea, to a more or less density, like water.
27:50Here we get, to give you an idea, to a more or less density, like water.
27:54Pieces like my fist, big.
27:57Pieces like my fist, big.
28:13In that pile there may be about 350 cars crushed, more or less.
28:21That junk, we call it fragmented.
28:25What do we get?
28:27Well, something much denser.
28:29Much more noble, clean and malleable,
28:33and fully prepared for the future.
28:51This figure, which grows in a dizzying way,
28:54is the number of mobile phones that are being sold in the world in real time.
29:04They use strange elements in nature that begin to show signs of exhaustion,
29:09that generate wars, and that do not recover because they are in microscopic quantities.
29:21The screen of a mobile phone, simply touching the finger and moving the screen,
29:26which is actually an optical illusion,
29:29is because it has a very thin layer behind the glass of indium and tin.
29:36That indium is an extraordinarily rare metal.
29:41It is produced in the world no more than 750 tons.
29:45750 tons for all mobile phones on the planet.
29:50We need supercondensers to temporarily store energy.
29:54What we have there is tantalum.
29:57We need the batteries to be powerful and small.
30:01So there we have lithium.
30:03We need very fine electronic circuits, very small and of course very precise.
30:11There we have silver, gold, copper, tin, even palladium.
30:16We also have a GPS.
30:19And like that GPS, we need some rare earths.
30:22In those rare earths there may be gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, etc.
30:28We have to make accounts.
30:30And we have to tell later generations what we are spending.
30:41They are very rich substances from the point of view of the number of components it has.
30:47We are probably talking about 50 or 60 elements of the periodic table.
30:52They are very important strategic elements that are present in electronics,
30:57and especially, for example, in a mobile phone.
31:02Modern mobile phones, the first thing we have to do in a plant like this
31:07to recycle them is to access their batteries.
31:10It is certainly quite difficult,
31:12because many times we have to disassemble them by hand.
31:19The manufacturers had to define and accept a policy of co-design
31:24that facilitates the use of the batteries.
31:27And accept a policy of co-design that facilitates the use of the batteries.
31:32And accept a policy of co-design that facilitates the use of the batteries.
31:45They are designed to last between a year and a half, two years, any of these devices.
31:49In a year and a half, two years, you have to throw it away because you can't repair it,
31:53you can't even expand it, you can't do anything with it.
31:56It is more expensive than buying a new one.
31:59In short, an absolutely linear system that goes against all the policies
32:05or the objective of circular economy.
32:10RAE, electrical and electronic devices, contain harmful substances,
32:15such as batteries, batteries, discharge lamps, toners, heavy metals.
32:20All this, we have to start removing it in the first phases of treatment.
32:28For example, the button batteries that we have in many devices,
32:32button batteries with mercury,
32:34maybe two or three batteries of this type,
32:37can contaminate one of the swamps that we have in Madrid.
32:40It is a very polluting material.
32:51They are devices that we all have in our house,
32:53a coffee maker, an ironing board, a printer, a mobile phone,
32:58that is, consumer electronics.
33:01Electric and electronic garbage grows three times faster than domestic,
33:05and is the most difficult to recycle.
33:09A refrigerator, an alarm clock, an old cathodic-ray TV,
33:14they only have in common that they plug in or carry batteries.
33:21But when they become waste, they belong to the same family
33:25and have to be managed in specific plants for their treatment.
33:31The material is decontaminated,
33:33and here what we are doing is, first of all, separating the plastics,
33:37and secondly, obtaining a series of metal fractions
33:40that in later processes allow us to recover the iron,
33:44aluminum, copper, etc.
33:46We can even recover precious metals,
33:49such as gold, silver, platinum, etc.
33:52We get approximately 30,000 tons of metals.
33:57This is a very important volume for the economic cycle.
34:04In Spain, as in Europe, we are collecting legally
34:0845% of what is put on the market every year,
34:12that is, of what is sold,
34:13practically half of it we have collected and distributed.
34:17Unfortunately, almost 30% ends up in illegal circuits.
34:22The European average, studied by Interpol in a report
34:26they did two or three years ago,
34:28figures legal waste at around 30-33%.
34:44When buying an electrical or electronic device,
34:47we have the right for the merchant who sells it
34:50to take care of the old one at no additional cost.
34:53We can also call an authorized scrap dealer
34:56or take it to a clean point.
34:58Can I help you with anything?
35:00Yes, I bring cardboard and wood.
35:03Look, cardboard and paper here, okay?
35:06Okay.
35:08The thefts at the clean points, I can't tell you as a fact,
35:12we did a study in Madrid
35:14and we studied 17 different locks of the containers.
35:19They broke all 17 models.
35:21Only a hydraulic closure prevented them
35:24from entering at night to steal the waste.
35:26It is a source of money, it is a source of illegal traffic,
35:29so thefts exist, of course.
35:33We are from the Rivas Contaminación Cero Association
35:36and what we do is to permanently map the territory of Rivas
35:40and of Madrid at the border with Rivas
35:43to know where the waste is,
35:45the dangers of fires, everything,
35:47and to inform authorities,
35:49in a judicial way, but in a constant way.
35:52The last straw came when the waste dump fire happened,
35:56which was totally suffocating.
35:58It was a huge dump,
36:00illegal, that had been made
36:02at the expense of a man charging
36:04to let people throw garbage
36:06in a place that was not authorized,
36:08nor was it treated, nor anything.
36:10As a result of the dump fire in 2015,
36:13we realized how dangerous it was,
36:16which is what we have around us.
36:18Look, Fernando, it's more or less what there was
36:21and they still don't clean.
36:23The same tons of refrigerators and refrigerators
36:25that are all over this side,
36:27and there is no way.
36:29A good day, we were doing one of our visits
36:33and we found this pile of waste.
36:36It's all full of crystals
36:38and material that can easily burn,
36:40so the potential danger is great.
36:43The gases that the refrigerator emits are dangerous,
36:46but as far as it goes, the gas dissipates.
36:49What does not dissipate is all the coating
36:52that is on the outside of the refrigerator.
36:55What does not dissipate is all the coating
36:58that we are seeing, which, if it burns,
37:01is very polluting.
37:03To be a private company,
37:05there are too many refrigerators.
37:07We believe that it is something more organized,
37:10because all this does not fit
37:12in a small van of a private company.
37:17They earn twice.
37:19First, they charge money to take it to a legal place.
37:22Second, they throw it in an illegal place
37:24and there is a problem of how it is cleaned,
37:26who cleans it and rehabilitates the land.
37:29It is absolutely devastating.
37:31It is like such a tremendous image
37:34of what is a civilization of throwing,
37:37of using, throwing, using,
37:39without any margin,
37:41but also absolutely illegal.
37:43All this you see here
37:45were absolutely new televisions,
37:47but they leave everything,
37:49they leave the glass, they leave the screens.
37:51Sometimes we have found
37:53some of them without touching.
37:58In the landfill, whether legal or illegal,
38:01valuable electronic resources are dispersed,
38:04such as rare lands.
38:06The European Commission has included these elements
38:09in its list of critical raw materials.
38:11Advanced technology and green energies
38:14need them, but the mines are not here.
38:24In 1992, the Chinese president, Deng Xiaoping,
38:27said in a world conference,
38:29if the Middle East has oil
38:31and governs thanks to it,
38:33China has the rare lands
38:35and they will be the black gold of the 21st century.
38:38And he was right.
38:42To give you an idea,
38:44I am going to show you
38:46a picture of a mine
38:48where you can see the mine.
38:51To give you an idea,
38:53only one LED television
38:55has around a kilo,
38:57a kilo and a quarter of those raw materials,
39:00critical, of those rare lands.
39:02And those rare lands have
39:04huge oscillating prices.
39:06Let's imagine a factory
39:08that works with LEDs,
39:10whether in Germany or the Netherlands,
39:12they will have this problem.
39:14If the price goes up by 40%,
39:16the price of your LED will go up by 40% in the market.
39:20Communication systems,
39:22satellite guidance systems,
39:24laser systems,
39:26we are talking, for example,
39:28about the lantern,
39:30the lithium is also there,
39:32even for the new nuclear energy development systems,
39:35and a long etc.
39:37We have that great dependence
39:39based on those specific properties
39:41and in which those deposits
39:43are only located in certain places.
39:46And in the end,
39:48it is the one that produces
39:50for the whole world
39:5290-95% of those rare lands.
39:56Europe has an almost absolute dependence
39:59and three ways to cushion it.
40:01Recycle more and better.
40:03Substitute those raw materials
40:05for other less critical
40:07or resort to mineral extraction.
40:11The recycling of critical raw materials
40:14is closely related
40:16to what we call urban mining.
40:18In the end, there is so much,
40:20or many times even more,
40:22critical raw material around us
40:24and easier to recycle and recover
40:26than what is to be extracted.
40:31The problem is so acute
40:33that there is a strategic alliance
40:35at the European level
40:37in which this research institute
40:39plays first.
40:41One of its most important projects
40:43is the refractory material
40:45that we also know as Wolframium.
40:51The refractory metals
40:53in almost all applications
40:55that are used
40:57are very difficult to replace
40:59because they have that refractory property
41:01which is that they are capable
41:03of operating at high temperatures
41:05and there is no other mineral
41:07on Earth that is capable
41:09of solving this problem.
41:11When we talk about electricity generation,
41:13we talk about any application
41:15where there is an alliance
41:17that operates at high temperatures,
41:19there are refractory materials
41:21and practically almost all of them
41:23are Tustene.
41:25Tustene is incredibly critical,
41:27it cannot be replaced,
41:29it is very difficult to recycle,
41:31therefore we have to extract it.
41:41And that is where Castilla y León
41:43and the government of Castilla y León
41:45are making a very important bet
41:47because geologically Castilla y León
41:49along with the border of Portugal
41:51have 10% of the world's reserves
41:53of Tustene.
41:59There is a company called Saloro
42:01that is going to open in Barroco Pardo
42:03a mine, they are already starting
42:05to make operations,
42:07a Tustene mine that will allow
42:09the supply of Tustene
42:11in Europe to 3% or 5%.
42:25It will not happen in a decade or two,
42:27maybe our generation will not live it,
42:29but if we don't do something now,
42:31those who come after us
42:33will know the first
42:35mineral crisis in history.
42:40The word is
42:42resource efficiency,
42:44circular economy and modesty.
42:46Resource economy
42:48because we have to design
42:50trying to consume as little as possible.
42:52In addition, we have to design
42:54to recycle and in addition
42:56we have to make things last.
42:58This is fundamental
43:00because technology is necessary
43:02but ethics are as necessary
43:04as technology.
43:10Tustene
43:12Tustene
43:14Tustene
43:16Tustene
43:18Tustene
43:20Tustene
43:22Tustene
43:24Tustene
43:26Tustene
43:28Tustene
43:30Tustene
43:32Tustene
43:34Tustene
43:36Tustene
43:38Tustene
43:40Tustene
43:42Tustene
43:44Tustene
43:46Tustene
43:48Tustene
43:50Tustene
43:52Tustene
43:54Tustene
43:56Tustene
43:58Tustene
44:00Tustene
44:02Tustene
44:04Tustene