Des milliards, peut-être même un billion, de cigales vont émerger lors d'un événement extrêmement rare de double éclosion. Cela signifie que deux groupes, le groupe XIII (qui apparaît tous les 17 ans) et le groupe XIX (tous les 13 ans), sortiront en même temps. Les entomologistes, qui étudient les insectes, divisent les cigales en ces "groupes" pour suivre leur émergence. Habituellement, différents groupes apparaissent à des moments différents, mais cette année, les deux apparaîtront ensemble, ce qui n'est pas arrivé depuis 221 ans, en 1803. Cette synchronicité incroyable ne se reproduira pas avant 2245, et ces groupes sont commodément situés juste à côté l'un de l'autre. Animation créée par Sympa.
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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FunTranscript
00:00Ah, summer, beaches, perfect tan, and these crickets buzzing so loud that you can barely hear yourself think.
00:07It's probably the only time we think of them, but things will be different in 2024.
00:13Millions, if not billions of crickets are silently waiting under the surface of the American continent for the perfect day to emerge.
00:21A real apocalypse of crickets is preparing, and the last time we faced such a situation was in 1803.
00:29Crickets have existed for about 5 million years, and there are more than 3,000 species in the world.
00:35In the east of the United States, there are essentially two types of crickets.
00:40First, annual crickets, the ones you probably hear in summer.
00:44Although their name suggests that they have an annual life cycle, this is not always the case.
00:50The nymphs, not given to their larvae, can spend up to 5 years underground before emerging.
00:56The second type is that of periodic crickets, distinct species that emerge every 13 or 17 years.
01:03They actually have the longest life cycle of all insects in the world.
01:09In 2024, a synchronized event, called the apocalypse of crickets, will occur.
01:16This time, it is two distinct generations of periodic crickets that will synchronize their life cycles.
01:22Thus, the 13th generation, which emerges every 17 years, and the 19th generation, which emerges every 13 years, will appear simultaneously.
01:31This situation is so rare that it will not happen again before 221 years.
01:37Billions of these insects will emerge through the Midwest and Southeast of the United States.
01:43All this could begin at the end of April and last about 6 weeks.
01:47We expect a type of cricket to emerge mainly in Illinois.
01:51While the other type could cover a much larger area, including Missouri, Louisiana, North Carolina and, again, Illinois.
02:00And yes, it turns out that these two crickets share certain geographical areas.
02:05So, if you live near Chicago, you will be doubly impacted.
02:09The same goes for Indiana.
02:11You may be wondering, what are crickets doing during these 17 years, apart from, let's see, planning their invasion, maybe?
02:19Well, they live underground without the slightest light from the sun, but they do not sleep as much.
02:25They remain conscious and active in the form of nymphs, digging tunnels and feeding on the sap of the tree roots.
02:32When they reach the age of 17, the crickets check if the temperature is right for them to emerge.
02:38And they are very picky about this.
02:40They only come out when the ground, at about 20 centimeters deep, reaches 18 degrees Celsius.
02:47This is why crickets from different regions of the United States appear at different times.
02:52The ground in Virginia could reach this ideal temperature before that of Illinois, for example.
02:58But one thing is certain.
02:59Once the adequate temperature is reached, all the crickets in this specific area feel it and emerge in unison.
03:07They start by digging out of the ground and try to climb as quickly as possible towards a nearby vertical structure, like a tree.
03:16Once at their destination, they lose their exoskeletons and deploy their wings as adults.
03:21This journey has only one goal.
03:24Reproduction.
03:26For this, they engage in a noisy search for partners.
03:32The crickets' apocalypse will look like this.
03:35I know, it's a little depressing, isn't it?
03:37However, there is nothing to fear, because crickets are not at all dangerous.
03:41They do not bite and do not sting.
03:44And they are not even harmful to the plants in your garden.
03:47They are just very noisy.
03:49Thus, seeing billions of them emerge from the ground means that their cacophony will drive people crazy.
03:55Because it will last from 3 to 4 weeks.
03:58What makes crickets so noisy is that they have an integrated musical instrument in their body.
04:04On one side of their abdomen, they have a renewed exoskeletal structure called a thimble.
04:09When it is time to make noise, they contract and release their muscles around the so-called thimbles.
04:15The frequency of these contractions is incredibly fast, up to 480 per second.
04:21It is so fast that the human eye perceives it only as a continuous sound.
04:25By using their thimble, crickets produce sounds of clicking, clacking, or squeaking.
04:32Their high rumbling, or paranuptial singing, can reach up to 100 decibels.
04:37It's a bit like listening to a motorcycle, or a pickaxe that never stops.
04:41Or at least, not before the end of their life cycle.
04:44Experts advise people with a sensitive hearing to stay away from certain regions to reduce their exposure to noise.
04:51In other words, avoid getting close to crickets.
04:55A repulsive consequence of this cricket apocalypse is that people will probably have to sweep a huge amount of insect carcasses,
05:02scattered all over the place, as well as a multitude of exoskeletons covering trees and bushes.
05:08In addition, when the short life of an adult cricket comes to an end,
05:12they tend to fall to the ground, crawl back on their back,
05:15and then remain completely still, except for a few small jolts.
05:20This can be quite disturbing.
05:25If the idea of a crispy exoskeleton carpet disgusts you,
05:28know that not everyone shares your opinion.
05:31In fact, some groups are so fascinated by these insects
05:35that they even plan their holidays to observe this rare phenomenon up close.
05:39There is also an application called Cicada Safari,
05:43which maps the distribution of insects,
05:45allowing people to share photos and report their observations of crickets.
05:50It's not just a simple hobby.
05:52This application helps scientists understand how crickets adapt during these cycles,
05:58and what their next reactions will be.
06:00In addition to the enthusiasts of insects, and crickets themselves, of course,
06:05nature is also delighted with this double-barreled event.
06:08When these insects appear on the surface,
06:10they provide not only food to predators such as birds,
06:14but also play a vital role in aerating the soil
06:17and helping the roots of trees to get oxygen.
06:20What happens after their emergence?
06:23Let's take these two crickets as an example.
06:25The male sings, and the female loves her luscious song.
06:29They fall in love in their own way, and lay eggs in holes in a tree.
06:34They keep doing this for a few weeks,
06:36until the female has laid about 600 eggs.
06:40After that, their work is done.
06:43It's a bit like the tragic end of the story of Romeo and Juliet.
06:47Both of them enslave life.
06:49And that's why the apocalypse of the crickets ends with a pile of carcasses on the ground.
06:54Now let's talk about their offspring.
06:57Six weeks later, the eggs hatch, and the baby crickets fall to the ground.
07:02They perpetuate the tradition of the crickets by running away,
07:05just like their parents did in their time.
07:08These particular nymphs will remain underground for the next 13 or 17 years,
07:13until they come out again.
07:16You may have noticed that I always say 13 years and 17 years,
07:20without adding approximations like around or about.
07:24It's because their cycle is almost as precise as a clock.
07:27It's quite difficult to explain how crickets know exactly how many years have passed,
07:32but many scientists suppose that periodic crickets have a kind of internal molecular clock.
07:39You know how trees go through their seasonal cycles, don't you?
07:44During these cycles, the composition of their sap changes,
07:47and the nymphs of crickets, underground, feed on this sap.
07:52Thus, this could be the way their environment signals them the passage of time.
07:58When the trees have finished their seasonal cycle for the 17th time,
08:02the crickets get the final clue.
08:05It's time to go out.
08:08But even if this is an interesting hypothesis, no theory has yet been proven.
08:12While waiting for a clear scientific explanation,
08:15you can prepare for the crickets apocalypse by equipping yourself with headphones
08:19to reduce noise, earplugs or white noise machines.
08:23If their appearance disgusts you and you plan to go to the other side of the world,
08:27don't worry.
08:29It will be the first and last time you will be forced to do so,
08:32because the next event of double generation will only occur in Dauphin 245.