偉人・敗北からの教訓 2024年10月12日 第63回「徳川慶喜・戦線離脱した最後の将軍」
偉人・敗北からの教訓 2024年10月12日 第63回「徳川慶喜・戦線離脱した最後の将軍」
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00:00Even if there is a chance of victory, defeat is inevitable.
00:07How did the great men who changed the history of Japan lose?
00:13What were the causes and mistakes behind it?
00:18This time, we will talk about the defeat of Yoshinobu Tokugawa, the last Shogun of the 15th Tokugawa Shogunate.
00:28The Shogun of Ino, who ran through the famous Bakumatsu with his own ideas and actions, and drew a trump card called Taisei Houkan.
00:38Why did the great men escape without fighting in the battle of Toba Fushimi, where the Bakufu were lost?
00:48The philosophy of life learned from the failures of the defeated.
00:53Lessons from the defeat of the great men.
01:03What do we learn from the failures of the great men in history?
01:09I'm Yuri Nakanishi, voice of Shinko, the lesson from the defeat of the great men.
01:14And I'm Jun Ito, a historian.
01:19Speaking of the great men of Bakumatsu, I can't help but think of Satcho and Tosa, who tried to open a new era.
01:28There were many great men on the side of the Bakufu.
01:33There were people like Katsu Kaishu and Okubo Ichio, who became the last Shogun of the Bakufu.
01:40There were also people like Yamaoka Tesshu, Enomoto Takeaki, and Ootori Keisuke.
01:46If there was a new government created by the Yoshinobu Shogunate,
01:54they would have become the center of the new government.
01:58He was the one who created the period of the Tokugawa Bakufu, which lasted for 15 generations.
02:04This time, I would like to focus on the defeat of the last Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
02:11Yoshinobu was the leader of the Taisei Hokan.
02:15This is a point where the evaluation is divided between historians and fans.
02:20I'm more of a critic of Yoshinobu.
02:26In the case of Yoshinobu, he was quick-witted, but he was also quick-witted,
02:31so it was easy for him to get into the tricks of Kotezaki.
02:34He was not trusted by the Tokugawa Shogunate, the Bakufu, and the Tokugawa Shogunate.
02:38He was also called a pervert.
02:42It means to change opinions.
02:45That's why he was called a pervert.
02:48However, Yoshinobu also has a very good point.
02:53So, which is the true nature of Yoshinobu?
02:56The opinion is divided between historians and fans.
03:00This time, I would like to focus on the defeat of Yoshinobu.
03:05This time, we will look for lessons to live for tomorrow,
03:09while unraveling the reason for the defeat of Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
03:13First, let's take a look at the life of Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
03:17Please take a look.
03:19Yoshinobu Tokugawa, the last Shogun of the Tokugawa Bakufu,
03:23was born in 1837 in Koishikawa, Edo,
03:27as the son of Mito Hanshi and Tokugawa Nariaki of the Tokugawa Gosan family.
03:35After that, he moved to Mito,
03:37and was thoroughly taught the Mito-gaku of the Sonnao Shisou.
03:44When he was 11 years old,
03:46he became the son-in-law of the Hitotsubashi family,
03:50and inherited the family name.
03:56When the whole of Japan was shaken by the arrival of Perry,
04:00the next Shogun came to power,
04:03and the Hitotsubashi faction that suppressed Yoshinobu
04:06and the Kishu faction that suppressed Iemochi
04:09caused a civil war.
04:12When the Hitotsubashi faction was defeated,
04:15and Iemochi became the Shogun,
04:18Ii Naosuke, who had stepped up to be the Shogun of Japan and the U.S.,
04:24suppressed Yoshinobu,
04:26and Yoshinobu was sentenced to three and a half years in prison.
04:34When Ii was assassinated near the Sakurada gate,
04:38Yoshinobu returned to the main force
04:41and served as the Shogun's subordinate
04:44in order to rebuild the Shogunate,
04:47but at that time,
04:49the movement of the Sonnao Shisou also began to become active.
04:55When Yoshinobu became the Keigo-yaku of Kyoto,
04:58he was defeated by the Choshu faction,
05:01which was stationed near the Kinmon gate.
05:04In 1866,
05:06when the 14th generation of Iemochi died,
05:09the 15th generation Shogun, Hachi, finally came around.
05:16After that,
05:17when Emperor Komei, who was Yoshinobu's subordinate,
05:21defended the Shogunate,
05:23the slaughter movement by Satcho was intensified,
05:26but it continued to advance in the opposition.
05:32However, when Satcho established a new government
05:36that eliminated the Tokugawa family
05:39with the coup d'etat of the rejuvenation,
05:42the war between the Toba and Fushimi finally broke out.
05:47However, when the flag color of the Wakfu army became bad,
05:51Yoshinobu, the prime minister,
05:54abandoned his troops and fled to Edo Castle.
05:58It was a moment of Yoshinobu's defeat.
06:04After that,
06:05Yoshinobu surrendered to the new government
06:08and the Tokugawa faction was annihilated
06:11along with the liberation of Edo Castle.
06:16Why did Yoshinobu flee at that time?
06:20Let's find out the truth of Yoshinobu's defeat
06:23that ended the Tokugawa era.
06:29Now, let's look back at the main events
06:32of Yoshinobu Tokugawa's life.
06:35Yoshinobu was not directly related to the Tokugawa Shogunate,
06:38but was from the Mito Tokugawa family.
06:41That's right.
06:42The fact that he was born in the Mito Tokugawa family
06:45must have been a source of pride for Yoshinobu.
06:49That's right.
06:50Yoshinobu's father,
06:52a man named Tokugawa Nariaki,
06:55is well-known for his unique personality.
06:59What kind of person was he?
07:02I don't think there is anyone
07:05who is as misunderstood as Nariaki.
07:09He founded a public school as a rebel,
07:12and opened schools in all 15 prefectures
07:15in order to provide liberal arts education
07:18to the rich and the poor.
07:21So, he wasn't just a samurai.
07:23That's right.
07:24So, he was a good lord.
07:26He was a great lord.
07:28As for the Mito Tokugawa family,
07:30they were a group of people
07:32who were active early on in their lives.
07:34What were their characteristics?
07:36As you know, the Mito Tokugawa family
07:38was one of the Tokugawa family families.
07:40It was a very high-ranking family.
07:42However, even in the same family,
07:45there were 620,000 members in Owari,
07:47and 550,000 members in Kishu.
07:49The 350,000 members of the Mito Tokugawa family
07:51were quite conspicuous.
07:53They had a strong sense of resistance
07:55against Owari and Kishu,
07:57so they wanted to be independent.
08:00That's where the Mito Tokugawa family
08:02was born.
08:03It was a group of people
08:05who were active early on in their lives.
08:07It was a group of people
08:09who were active early on in their lives.
08:11It was a group of people
08:13who were active early on in their lives.
08:15Yoshinobu carried the expectations
08:17of his father, Nariaki, and the Mito Tokugawa family.
08:19Yoshinobu carried the expectations
08:21of his father, Nariaki, and the Mito Tokugawa family.
08:23Yoshinobu carried the expectations
08:25of his father, Nariaki, and the Mito Tokugawa family.
08:27Please take a look at this.
08:29The last general of the Edo Shogunate,
08:31Yoshinobu Tokugawa.
08:33The person who watched him closely
08:35throughout his life
08:37was Eiji Shibusawa.
08:44Shibusawa Archipelago in northern Tokyo.
08:49In the midst of the chaos,
08:51Eiji, Yoshinobu's stepfather,
08:53was shocked to learn
08:55that Yoshinobu had become the emperor
08:57during his mission to the Paris Expo.
08:59during his mission to the Paris Expo.
09:04After his return,
09:06Eiji spent 20 years of his life
09:08to convert the Tokugawa Yoshinobu Koden,
09:10which was a powerhouse
09:12in all of Hachikan.
09:14Why did Eiji
09:16use the power of his father?
09:18Why did Eiji use the power of his father?
09:20I asked Kuwabara, the commander.
09:22I asked Kuwabara, the commander.
09:24I asked Kuwabara, the commander.
09:26After all,
09:28Yoshinobu returned to Edo
09:30after the battle
09:32between Seiken and Toba.
09:34I couldn't understand that.
09:36I couldn't understand that.
09:38When I returned,
09:40I wanted to ask Yoshinobu
09:42why he returned to Edo.
09:44why he returned to Edo.
09:46Yoshinobu's personality
09:48and behavior
09:50were very complicated.
09:52were very complicated.
10:02When Yoshinobu was young,
10:04his father,
10:06Mito Hanshu Tokugawa
10:08taught him
10:10and was taught by Yoshinobu.
10:12and was taught by Yoshinobu.
10:14The second generation of Hanshu,
10:16known as Mito Kōmon,
10:18was thoroughly taught by Yoshinobu.
10:20by Mito Hanshu Tokugawa
10:22was thoroughly taught by Yoshinobu.
10:28Tokugawa thought
10:30that he should
10:32rule over Japan
10:34and that
10:36the Tokugawa family
10:38and that he was the son of a noble family.
10:43Yoshiko, Yoshinobu's mother, was from a noble family.
10:47She was also related to the Emperor.
10:51About this background,
10:54Mr. Iechika, who studies Yoshinobu's life, says this.
11:00Yoshinobu's father and mother
11:05Yoshinobu's father
11:17Yoshinobu's father
11:27Yoshinobu's father
11:35Yoshinobu's father
11:45Yoshinobu's father
11:50The arrival of the U.S. Navy's Black Ships
11:54The arrival of the U.S. Navy's Black Ships, led by Perry,
11:57has come to Japan in search of a return to Japan.
12:01In the face of pressure from the U.S.,
12:04the U.S. President and his allies
12:06have developed the idea that foreign countries should be wiped out.
12:11Nariyaki is one of them.
12:16The U.S. President and his allies
12:19are looking forward to Yoshinobu,
12:23the son of Nariyaki and a descendant of the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family,
12:26becoming the next general candidate.
12:30On the other hand, the Bakufu, who were on the verge of leaving Japan,
12:34have chosen Tokugawa Yoshitomi,
12:37a descendant of the Kishu clan,
12:40who is closer to the Shogun family's bloodline.
12:44The first name of Yoshinobu has been divided into two,
12:47the name of the emperor or the name of the country.
12:52However, Yoshinobu has written to his father, Nariyaki,
12:57wishing to quit the Shogun recruitment campaign.
13:04The more you take the country, the more you can't break your bones.
13:09I think it's better not to take the country
13:12than to take the country and die.
13:18Yoshinobu seems to have no ambition to become a Shogun,
13:21contrary to the expectations of those around him.
13:27Mr. Ukashima, who reads history from the point of view of a French literator,
13:33says that Yoshinobu is a rare type of person
13:36who can't be proud of himself.
13:40I think that it is one of the principles of human behavior
13:46to think about oneself.
13:52I wonder if Yoshinobu was the same.
13:56When I looked into it, I found that it was the opposite.
14:00I thought that Yoshinobu was too indifferent.
14:06The conflict between Yoshinobu, who has no interest in the Shogunate, continues.
14:11In the Waku prefecture, Naosuke I, a political figure who has become a tyrant,
14:16tries to proceed with a treaty with the United States
14:20without waiting for the permission of the emperor.
14:25Yoshinobu immediately rides into Edo Castle
14:28and strongly criticizes Naosuke I.
14:33I do not refuse to sign the treaty.
14:37However, if you want to sign it,
14:40why didn't you send a messenger to the emperor right away?
14:44What kind of disrespect is it to sign it with a single letter?
14:50The United States understands.
14:53However, don't forget to praise the emperor.
14:57This is Yoshinobu's own idea,
15:00which is different from the Waku prefecture that establishes the Shogunate
15:04and the Shodai Myo that opposes the United States.
15:09I think everyone will be surprised,
15:12but Naosuke I is a person who has worked very hard.
15:16What?
15:18From the outside, he only looks like a scoundrel.
15:22But in his heart, he is a man of logic.
15:29No one understood Naosuke I's idea of the Shogunate.
15:34Yoshinobu was caught up in the chaos of Naosuke I,
15:39and was forced to renounce his throne.
15:46The people who were oppressed were gradually getting sick,
15:50and his father, Nariaki, was dying.
15:53Yoshinobu endured a lonely life for three and a half years.
16:01Yoshinobu, who was released from captivity,
16:04went into the chaos of Bakumatsu.
16:17Yoshinobu's Story
16:29Yoshinobu, who was released from captivity,
16:32was promoted to the post of Shogun,
16:35under the leadership of Sasuma's Shimazu Hisamitsu,
16:39who was a member of the Saigoku Yuhan,
16:42which was powerful in place of the Waku prefecture.
16:45The Waku prefecture was an important position
16:48to support Yoshinobu's rival, Shogun Iemochi.
16:54Yoshinobu, along with the Shogun,
16:57visited Kyoto for the first time in his life,
17:00to visit the Emperor.
17:05In Kyoto, the warriors of the Sonnojoi
17:08were shouting,
17:10and the chaos was getting worse.
17:16Yoshinobu, in the midst of all this,
17:19bowed down to the Emperor,
17:22whom he had respected since he was a child.
17:27However, Emperor Komei
17:30disliked foreign countries,
17:33and was an extremist.
17:37Yoshinobu, who thought that Japan
17:40should be a foreign country,
17:43was very worried about the difference
17:46between his thoughts and the Emperor's.
17:53The pressure on foreign countries
17:56by foreign countries increased.
17:59Satsuma, who fought against the British
18:02and realized his ability,
18:05changed his policy to foreign countries.
18:10On the other hand, Yoshinobu decided
18:13that he couldn't avoid foreign countries,
18:16and came up with an idea
18:19to persuade the Emperor.
18:23Instead of accepting foreign demands,
18:26he suggested that only the important port,
18:29Yokohama Port,
18:32should be allowed to enter.
18:38Yoshinobu, who came up with his own idea,
18:41searched for a way to realize it
18:44through various means,
18:47including the first Emperor,
18:50and various groups of people.
18:54However, Satsuma's Shimazu Hisamitsu,
18:57who opposed the idea of foreign countries,
19:00was very angry with Yoshinobu.
19:05When Yoshinobu took the position,
19:08he was appointed by the Emperor
19:11as the new governor of Kinri-Goshuei.
19:16Aizuhanshu Matsudaira Katamori,
19:19who was the governor of Kyoto,
19:22and Fuanahanshu Sadaaki,
19:25who was the first governor of Kyoto,
19:28came up with an idea
19:31to create a political system in Kyoto.
19:35Yoshinobu's actions were considered
19:38as an ambition for power,
19:41and caused a fierce rebellion
19:44against the government and Satsuma.
19:48What happened to Yoshinobu,
19:51who didn't show any interest in the country?
19:54A man with a strong desire for power
19:57will not take such actions.
20:00His actions are consistent.
20:03He will only do what he wants.
20:06If you think about it,
20:09you can understand his zigzag actions.
20:16He can't take any action.
20:19I don't think Yoshinobu
20:22is the type of person who takes action.
20:28Yoshinobu doesn't care about
20:31others' opinions or common sense.
20:34He acts only based on his own ideas.
20:37This way of doing things
20:40will confuse the people around him.
20:44He was a very smart person,
20:47but he wasn't the type of person
20:50to express his opinions.
20:53He was a genius.
20:56He had a consistent opinion,
20:59but he didn't think it was necessary
21:02to express it.
21:05He was a difficult person
21:08to deal with.
21:11He was a member of the Tokugawa family,
21:14but for Yoshinobu,
21:17Yoshinobu was a very smart person.
21:20As Mr. Kashima said,
21:23Yoshinobu's true feelings
21:26are very deep.
21:29He doesn't change his thoughts.
21:32I have a question about
21:35Yoshinobu's thoughts.
21:38Yoshinobu uses his thoughts
21:41very well.
21:44Is there a scene like that?
21:47Yoshinobu uses the power of the Emperor
21:50to strengthen his political position.
21:53He threatens the Emperor and the Kugesshu
21:56to bring the political situation to his advantage.
21:59I think Yoshinobu appreciates
22:02Yoshinobu for that.
22:05It's called pragmatism.
22:08In Japanese, it's called Kouri-shugi.
22:11Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:14If you think about it now,
22:17it's hard to believe that Yoshinobu
22:20was a pragmatist.
22:23In Japan at that time,
22:26there were many samurai,
22:29but Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:32That's right.
22:35In Japan at that time,
22:38Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:41Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:44Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:47Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:50Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:53Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:56Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
22:59Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
23:02Yoshinobu was a pragmatist.
23:06The type who is easily disconcerted
23:09is the person who speaks with no explanation
23:12and follows his own thought.
23:15If he has high death and pride,
23:18no one will give the appropriate advice.
23:22Shogun Yoshinobu
23:25Shogun Yoshinobu
23:28Shogun Yoshinobu
23:31Shogun Yoshinobu
23:34It was also a prologue to the destruction of the shogunate.
23:38Please take a look at this.
23:42Yoshinobu does not care about what is around him,
23:46and only acts according to his own thoughts,
23:49even when faced with the problem of the rebellious shogunate.
23:54The shogunate was removed from the political scene
23:57due to its extreme superior position.
23:59Yoshinobu resisted the shogunate,
24:01but the Shogunate was defeated in the first battle
24:05in the Choshu War, which lasted until the 2nd Shogunate.
24:11On top of that, the shogun, Iemochi,
24:14who was on his deathbed in Osaka Castle,
24:17died on the way,
24:19and everyone thought that the war was over.
24:24However, Yoshinobu, the successor of the shogun,
24:28declared that if he did not fight the Choshu War,
24:31the shogunate and the court would lose their trust,
24:34and that he would lead the troops to Choshu.
24:40However...
24:45When Yoshinobu heard that the Shogun
24:48had disbanded the troops without the shogunate's order,
24:51and that the commander had abandoned the war,
24:54he realized that he had lost his leadership.
24:59So he decided to lead the troops on his own.
25:09It was such a sudden change of heart
25:12that everyone was stunned.
25:14It was a change of heart.
25:17I didn't think about the Shogunate at all.
25:21I didn't think about the Shogunate at all,
25:24and that's why I decided to lead the troops on my own.
25:27Even though he was the commander-in-chief of the Shogunate,
25:30he had almost no affection for the Shogunate.
25:33He was an incredible person.
25:37Yoshinobu accepted the responsibility of the Shogunate,
25:40which had failed to respond to the Choshu War,
25:43and decided to lead the troops on his own
25:46through talks with the top officials.
25:50However, the Shogunate couldn't understand
25:54the decision of Yoshinobu,
25:56who had lost the trust of the Shogunate.
26:02In addition, this change of heart
26:04led to the development of the government
26:07that had been supporting Yoshinobu,
26:09and the issue of responsibility
26:11of the Matsuda and Katamori,
26:13and the political system created by Yoshinobu
26:16was in danger of collapse.
26:19While the political situation was in chaos,
26:22Emperor Komei continued to believe
26:24that Yoshinobu was the only one
26:27who could still rule the country.
26:33Yoshinobu accepted the wish of Emperor Komei
26:36and finally became the 15th Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
26:44Yoshinobu, who had refused to become a Shogun,
26:47why did he accept the wish of Emperor Komei?
26:54The biggest reason was that there was no one else.
26:57I think Emperor Komei and himself were stuck.
27:01To be frank,
27:03he became a Shogun to quit his post.
27:06That's all I can think of.
27:10Shortly after becoming a Shogun,
27:13Emperor Komei passed away.
27:15Emperor Meiji,
27:17the 16-year-old Shinnou Mutsuhito,
27:19passed away.
27:22Yoshinobu, while conveying the world situation
27:25to the young Emperor,
27:27did not respect the initial intention
27:30and proceeded to prepare for a full-fledged rebellion.
27:37He never set foot in Edo Castle
27:40and continued to live a Western-style life in Kyoto.
27:47The existence of the Shogun
27:49caused the rebellion of the people
27:51who were suffering in the chaos of the country.
27:54However, Yoshinobu
27:56never paid attention to the suffering of the people.
28:03And he reflected his own ideas in practice.
28:11October, 1867
28:13Yoshinobu finally announced
28:15that he would change the system
28:17and appoint the Shogun as the Emperor.
28:21Due to this bold decision,
28:23the Tokugawa system,
28:25which lasted for over 260 years,
28:27was completely destroyed.
28:32Yoshinobu was a man
28:34who had a strong sense of justice.
28:37Yoshinobu was a man
28:39who made a rational decision.
28:43If the Tokugawa system was to be abolished,
28:46he thought it would be better
28:48to have a national system
28:50centered around the Emperor.
28:54There were hundreds of thousands of people.
28:57What would happen
28:59if I told them not to abolish
29:01the Tokugawa system?
29:04If you think about it,
29:06you can't do that.
29:08People like Yoshinobu
29:10don't really think about
29:12the various reactions
29:14that would be caused by that.
29:22After a while,
29:24Yoshinobu received a report.
29:26It was that a coup d'etat
29:28was being planned
29:30under the leadership
29:32of Yoshinobu.
29:34However, Yoshinobu
29:36overlooked this.
29:40Since the government
29:42was already in power,
29:44this coup d'etat
29:46was only a ritual
29:48to declare the success of the coup.
29:53Yoshinobu left Kyoto
29:55and went to Osaka
29:57with Aizu's Matsudaira Katamori
29:59in order to avoid
30:01any further trouble.
30:03However,
30:05something unexpected happened.
30:17The former Bakugawa in Edo
30:19was intimidated by
30:21Satsuma's extreme provocation
30:23and burned down
30:25Satsuma's mansion.
30:28When this news reached
30:30Osaka Castle,
30:32Aizu's anger ignited
30:34and the preparations
30:36for the execution began.
30:42Yoshinobu also sent troops
30:44to Kyoto in order to
30:46obtain permission
30:48from the government
30:50to suppress Satsuma's actions.
30:53And then...
30:58In Toba and Fushimi,
31:00south of Kyoto,
31:02the former Bakugawa
31:04and the new government
31:06led by Satsuma
31:08collided.
31:10Tominaga, a volunteer guide,
31:12guided Yoshinobu
31:14to the battlefield.
31:16The battle of Toba and Fushimi
31:18had just begun.
31:20After the battle of Toba and Fushimi,
31:22the Bakugawa,
31:24the former Bakugawa,
31:26and the new government
31:28attacked.
31:30The first blow
31:32was from Satsuma,
31:34but the former Bakugawa
31:36didn't have bullets
31:38in his gun.
31:40It's unbelievable.
31:43The former Bakugawa,
31:45with over 20,000 soldiers,
31:47was suppressed by
31:49the new government
31:51and was forced to retreat.
31:53And then...
31:55The victory or defeat
31:57was decided.
32:04There is an eastern temple
32:06in south of Kyoto.
32:08At that time,
32:10the Nishiki-no-mihata
32:12spread out.
32:14I don't know
32:16what it means
32:18or what it means
32:20to the commanders
32:22and soldiers
32:24of the Nishiki-no-mihata.
32:26If you go against this,
32:28the former Bakugawa
32:30will become an enemy
32:32of the government,
32:34that is,
32:36an army of bandits.
32:38The Nishiki-no-mihata
32:40has been forgotten
32:42for hundreds of years,
32:44but Yoshinobu
32:46knew the meaning
32:48of the Nishiki-no-mihata.
32:51On the third day of the battle
32:53between Toba and Fushimi,
32:55the former Bakugawa,
32:57who had retreated to Osaka Castle,
32:59was preparing for a counterattack.
33:01Even though he was defeated,
33:03he was angry with the new government
33:05and fought back.
33:07In the meantime,
33:09Yoshinobu gave a speech
33:11in front of the soldiers.
33:15We will defeat the enemy
33:17in Osaka Castle
33:19with the help of the Nishiki-no-mihata.
33:26However, that night,
33:28Yoshinobu took
33:30only a few people,
33:32such as Matsuda and Katamori,
33:34and left Osaka Castle
33:36without saying a word
33:38to the soldiers
33:40and headed for Edo.
33:44Katamori persuaded Yoshinobu
33:46to stop the escape,
33:48but Yoshinobu was angry
33:50and didn't listen to him.
33:54I think it was a battle
33:56that we could have won.
33:58We had escaped to Edo,
34:00and the former Bakugawa
34:02had been destroyed.
34:04It was a real shame
34:06for the tens of thousands
34:08of soldiers
34:10who joined us.
34:13The former Bakugawa
34:15was defeated here.
34:17Why did Yoshinobu escape
34:19in the battle
34:21that could have won?
34:26I think it was because
34:28he was afraid of the enemy.
34:30He had a strong feeling
34:32that he couldn't reach the top.
34:35Even if there was a possibility
34:37of losing,
34:39we had to do it.
34:41It was a Japanese idea.
34:43Yoshinobu was a person
34:45who thought logically.
34:47He thought it was a loss,
34:49so he should stop.
34:51Everyone was ready to fight,
34:53but Yoshinobu decided
34:55to stop.
34:59Yoshinobu escaped
35:01to Sodaisho.
35:03Yoshinobu continued
35:05to pursue
35:07his own principles.
35:12Yoshinobu,
35:14you seem to be
35:16a different person
35:18from the others.
35:20Among the many soldiers,
35:22Yoshinobu escaped
35:24to Edo.
35:26What do you think
35:28of this action?
35:30This is Yoshinobu's biggest weakness.
35:32I think everyone
35:34except me thinks so.
35:36As Mr. Iichika pointed out,
35:38Yoshinobu didn't want
35:40to be considered a super enemy.
35:42I think Yoshinobu had more
35:44than one decisive factor.
35:46When Yoshinobu thought about
35:48the Tokugawa army in Edo,
35:50Yoshinobu thought
35:52it was a big issue.
35:54That's why Yoshinobu decided
35:56not to continue
35:58the war in Osaka.
36:00He decided to reset
36:02the situation
36:04and turn it into a defense war.
36:06I think it had a strategic meaning.
36:09Did Yoshinobu have a choice
36:11not to run away?
36:23I think Yoshinobu had a choice.
36:25If I were Yoshinobu,
36:27I wouldn't run away.
36:29Why?
36:31I think staying in Osaka
36:33is the best choice.
36:35It's not easy to leave the castle.
36:37So, Yoshinobu decided
36:39to strengthen his military
36:41and fight the Tokugawa army.
36:43He made a political deal
36:45with the Tokugawa army
36:47so that the Tokugawa army
36:49wouldn't fight the Tokugawa army
36:51and the Tokugawa army
36:53would be able to
36:55fight the Tokugawa army.
36:57I think it was a realistic
36:59decision to make.
37:01I see.
37:03Yoshinobu prioritized
37:05the Tokugawa army
37:07over the Tokugawa army.
37:09If he didn't
37:11understand the Tokugawa army,
37:13he would have been hurt.
37:19Yoshinobu spent more than 260 years
37:21with the Tokugawa army
37:23and the Tokugawa army
37:25during the 700-year period
37:27of the Tokugawa army.
37:29What did he do
37:31to make the Tokugawa army
37:33so powerful?
37:35Yoshinobu left Osaka Castle
37:37leaving many families behind.
37:39When he entered Edo Castle,
37:41he realized for the first time
37:43the impact of his actions.
37:45He continued to listen to
37:47the opinions of the Tokugawa army
37:49without eating anything.
37:53Many of them said
37:55he should go back
37:57and fight back.
37:59But Yoshinobu
38:01refused to fight
38:03against the Tokugawa army.
38:07In addition,
38:09he abolished
38:11the old-age pension
38:13and employed
38:15the people
38:17of the Hatamoto family
38:19to manage the Tokugawa army.
38:23After a series of measures,
38:25Yoshinobu
38:27became a prostitute
38:29and never
38:31got involved in politics.
38:37After a series of measures,
38:39Yoshinobu
38:41and Takamori
38:43fought against the Tokugawa army
38:45in Edo Castle
38:47and abolished
38:49the Edo Castle.
38:53On the other hand,
38:55Matsudaira Katamori
38:57resisted the Tokugawa army
38:59to the last minute
39:01and surrendered
39:03many of his victims.
39:07Yoshinobu
39:09did not surrender
39:11even if he was asked
39:13to surrender as the head
39:15of the Bakufu Houkai.
39:17And he continued
39:19to seek forgiveness
39:21by pledging to obey the emperor.
39:23Yoshinobu
39:25was sentenced to death
39:27and was sent to Shizuoka
39:29at the age of 32.
39:31After that,
39:33he devoted himself
39:35to his hobby
39:37and never got a job.
39:39He pursued painting
39:41and embroidery
39:43to the point
39:45where they were beyond
39:47the level of an amateur.
39:54How do you evaluate
39:56Yoshinobu's complex
39:58portrait and behavior
40:00today?
40:02Yoshinobu avoided
40:04the civil war.
40:06Although there was
40:08the Tohoku War,
40:10Yoshinobu gave up
40:12everything
40:14and gave up
40:16everything
40:18and gave up
40:20everything
40:22to the Emperor.
40:24He is a man
40:26who needs to be
40:28in a position
40:30where he needs to
40:32play an important role.
40:34It is thanks to
40:36Yoshinobu's feeling
40:38that the 15th Shogun
40:40was able to
40:42take the throne.
40:44Yoshinobu,
40:46who was in a period
40:48at a certain time,
40:50Edo-Bakufu's image of the last Shogun is very strong, but if you look at Yoshinobu's life as a whole, his life after leaving the Shogun is overwhelmingly long, isn't it?
41:05It's overwhelmingly long and fun, isn't it?
41:07It looks like it.
41:09It feels like a reaction.
41:12In the movie, Mr. Iichika says that the era commanded Yoshinobu to become the Shogun.
41:18This is a very big word, isn't it?
41:21If it weren't for Yoshinobu, I don't think the Bakufu would have fallen so quickly and the Meiji New Government would have been a completely new government.
41:35It may have been the most possible way for the Bakufu to remain and support the new government.
41:45However, Yoshinobu, who was an excellent person, became the Shogun, and the Bakufu were completely wiped out.
41:57As a result, the Meiji New Government was able to work on modernization with only excellent people.
42:05Unfortunately, for example, Matsudaira Katamori of Aizu Hanshi, for the sake of Aizu Hanshi, who died for him,
42:14he didn't go out until he died at the age of 59.
42:23It's a shame, but Yoshinobu didn't do this at all.
42:27In that sense, I think Yoshinobu was a person with a little bit of empathy.
42:34After this is a lesson learned from Yoshinobu's defeat.
42:40Lesson learned from Yoshinobu's defeat
42:43Now, once again, please give us a lesson on life that we should learn from Yoshinobu's defeat.
42:49First of all, I would like to invite the failure of Aoki Taiyo of Kotesagi.
42:53Yoshinobu was quick-witted, and he immediately came up with a way to overcome the difficulties ahead of him.
43:03But Yoshinobu didn't think about what it would lead to.
43:08So, I think it's important to think about the future.
43:14Another point is that Yoshinobu didn't step on the ladder of those who were on his side.
43:20Yoshinobu has a very self-centered side.
43:25Yoshinobu thought that Yoshinobu would be allowed to be selfish because he was born in a noble family and became a general.
43:34However, Yoshinobu continued to question what kind of person Yoshinobu was.
43:42And finally, lesson learned from Yoshinobu's defeat
43:45Yoshinobu has been popularized as an artist since he was a child.
43:49People like that don't reflect on themselves.
43:53It's very important for people to learn from failure and frustration and not repeat the same mistakes.
44:01It hurts when you're doing a problem with only Kotesagi.
44:06I want to be a person who can reflect on my actions while being grateful to the people around me.
44:12This is a lesson learned from Yoshinobu's defeat.
44:18There was a lesson in Kotesagi that Yoshinobu had to deal with a lot of things.
44:24But I think it was very difficult to deal with Yoshinobu's defeat even in that difficult time.
44:31I want to defend Yoshinobu here, thinking that Yoshinobu's life was difficult.
44:37I want to study Yoshinobu again.
44:41Yoshinobu is a difficult person, but I want to study him more deeply.
44:47Thank you very much, Mr. Ito.
44:52Lesson learned from Yoshinobu's defeat.
44:54See you next time.